zeroc-ice 3.7.9.1 → 3.7.11

data/dist/ice/cpp/src/IceSSL/SecureTransportUtil.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+//
+// Copyright (c) ZeroC, Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include <IceSSL/SecureTransportUtil.h>
+#include <IceSSL/Plugin.h>
+
+#include <Ice/Base64.h>
+#include <Ice/UniqueRef.h>
+#include <Ice/LocalException.h>
+
+#include <IceUtil/FileUtil.h>
+#include <IceUtil/StringUtil.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+
+using namespace Ice;
+using namespace IceInternal;
+using namespace IceSSL;
+using namespace IceSSL::SecureTransport;
+using namespace std;
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#   pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#endif
+
+namespace
+{
+
+CFMutableDataRef
+readCertFile(const string& file)
+{
+    ifstream is(IceUtilInternal::streamFilename(file).c_str(), ios::in | ios::binary);
+    if(!is.good())
+    {
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "error opening file " + file);
+    }
+
+    is.seekg(0, is.end);
+    size_t size = static_cast<size_t>(is.tellg());
+    is.seekg(0, is.beg);
+
+    UniqueRef<CFMutableDataRef> data(CFDataCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, static_cast<CFIndex>(size)));
+    CFDataSetLength(data.get(), static_cast<CFIndex>(size));
+    is.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(CFDataGetMutableBytePtr(data.get())),
+            static_cast<streamsize>(size));
+    if(!is.good())
+    {
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "error reading file " + file);
+    }
+    return data.release();
+}
+
+}
+
+string
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::sslErrorToString(CFErrorRef err)
+{
+    ostringstream os;
+    if(err)
+    {
+        UniqueRef<CFStringRef> s(CFErrorCopyDescription(err));
+        os << "(error: " << CFErrorGetCode(err) << " description: " << fromCFString(s.get()) << ")";
+    }
+    return os.str();
+}
+
+string
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::sslErrorToString(OSStatus status)
+{
+    ostringstream os;
+    os << "(error: " << status;
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_MACOS)
+    UniqueRef<CFStringRef> s(SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, 0));
+    if(s)
+    {
+        os << " description: " << fromCFString(s.get());
+    }
+#endif
+    os << ")";
+    return os.str();
+}
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_MACOS)
+CFDictionaryRef
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::getCertificateProperty(SecCertificateRef cert, CFTypeRef key)
+{
+    UniqueRef<CFDictionaryRef> property;
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> keys(CFArrayCreate(ICE_NULLPTR, &key , 1, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+    UniqueRef<CFErrorRef> err;
+    UniqueRef<CFDictionaryRef> values(SecCertificateCopyValues(cert, keys.get(), &err.get()));
+    if(err)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: error getting property for certificate:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    assert(values);
+    property.retain(static_cast<CFDictionaryRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(values.get(), key)));
+    return property.release();
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+
+//
+// Check the certificate basic constraints to check if the certificate is marked as a CA.
+//
+bool
+isCA(SecCertificateRef cert)
+{
+    UniqueRef<CFDictionaryRef> property(getCertificateProperty(cert, kSecOIDBasicConstraints));
+    if(property)
+    {
+        CFArrayRef propertyValues = static_cast<CFArrayRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(property.get(), kSecPropertyKeyValue));
+        for(CFIndex i = 0, size = CFArrayGetCount(propertyValues); i < size; ++i)
+        {
+            CFDictionaryRef dict = static_cast<CFDictionaryRef>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(propertyValues, i));
+            CFStringRef label = static_cast<CFStringRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecPropertyKeyLabel));
+            if(CFEqual(label, CFSTR("Certificate Authority")))
+            {
+                return CFEqual(static_cast<CFStringRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecPropertyKeyValue)), CFSTR("Yes"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+//
+// Load keychain items (Certificates or Private Keys) from a file. On return items param contain
+// the list of items, the caller must release it.
+//
+CFArrayRef
+loadKeychainItems(const string& file, SecExternalItemType type, SecKeychainRef keychain, const string& passphrase,
+                  const PasswordPromptPtr& prompt, int retryMax)
+{
+    UniqueRef<CFMutableDataRef> data(readCertFile(file));
+
+    SecItemImportExportKeyParameters params;
+    memset(&params, 0, sizeof(params));
+    params.version =  SEC_KEY_IMPORT_EXPORT_PARAMS_VERSION;
+    params.flags |= kSecKeyNoAccessControl;
+    UniqueRef<CFStringRef> passphraseHolder;
+    if(!passphrase.empty())
+    {
+        passphraseHolder.reset(toCFString(passphrase));
+        params.passphrase = passphraseHolder.get();
+    }
+
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items;
+    SecExternalItemType importType = type;
+    SecExternalFormat format = type == kSecItemTypeUnknown ? kSecFormatPKCS12 : kSecFormatUnknown;
+    UniqueRef<CFStringRef> path(toCFString(file));
+    OSStatus err = SecItemImport(data.get(), path.get(), &format, &importType, 0, &params, keychain, &items.get());
+
+    //
+    // If passphrase failure and no password was configured, we obtain
+    // the password from the given prompt or configure the import to
+    // prompt the user with an alert dialog.
+    //
+    UniqueRef<CFStringRef> alertPromptHolder;
+    if(passphrase.empty() &&
+       (err == errSecPassphraseRequired || err == errSecInvalidData || err == errSecPkcs12VerifyFailure))
+    {
+        if(!prompt)
+        {
+            params.flags |= kSecKeySecurePassphrase;
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "Enter the password for\n" << file;
+            alertPromptHolder.reset(toCFString(os.str()));
+            params.alertPrompt = alertPromptHolder.get();
+        }
+
+        int count = 0;
+        while((err == errSecPassphraseRequired || err == errSecInvalidData || err == errSecPkcs12VerifyFailure) &&
+              count < retryMax)
+        {
+            if(prompt)
+            {
+                passphraseHolder.reset(toCFString(prompt->getPassword()));
+                params.passphrase = passphraseHolder.get();
+            }
+            err = SecItemImport(data.get(), path.get(), &format, &importType, 0, &params, keychain, &items.get());
+            ++count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: error reading " << (type == kSecItemTypePrivateKey ? "private key" : "certificate");
+        os << " `" << file << "':\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    if(type != kSecItemTypeUnknown && importType != kSecItemTypeAggregate && importType != type)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: error reading " << (type == kSecItemTypePrivateKey ? "private key" : "certificate");
+        os << " `" << file << "' doesn't contain the expected item";
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    return items.release();
+}
+
+SecKeychainRef
+openKeychain(const std::string& path, const std::string& keychainPassword)
+{
+    string keychainPath = path;
+    UniqueRef<SecKeychainRef> keychain;
+    OSStatus err = 0;
+    if(keychainPath.empty())
+    {
+        if((err = SecKeychainCopyDefault(&keychain.get())))
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                                "IceSSL: unable to retrieve default keychain:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // KeyChain path is relative to the current working directory.
+        //
+        if(!IceUtilInternal::isAbsolutePath(keychainPath))
+        {
+            string cwd;
+            if(IceUtilInternal::getcwd(cwd) == 0)
+            {
+                keychainPath = string(cwd) + '/' + keychainPath;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if((err = SecKeychainOpen(keychainPath.c_str(), &keychain.get())))
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: unable to open keychain: `" +
+                                                keychainPath + "'\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SecKeychainStatus status;
+    err = SecKeychainGetStatus(keychain.get(), &status);
+    if(err == noErr)
+    {
+        const char* pass = keychainPassword.empty() ? 0 : keychainPassword.c_str();
+        if((err = SecKeychainUnlock(keychain.get(), static_cast<UInt32>(keychainPassword.size()), pass, pass != 0)))
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                                "IceSSL: unable to unlock keychain:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+        }
+    }
+    else if(err == errSecNoSuchKeychain)
+    {
+        const char* pass = keychainPassword.empty() ? 0 : keychainPassword.c_str();
+        keychain.reset(0);
+        if((err = SecKeychainCreate(keychainPath.c_str(),
+                                    static_cast<UInt32>(keychainPassword.size()), pass, pass == 0, 0, &keychain.get())))
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                                "IceSSL: unable to create keychain:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                            "IceSSL: unable to open keychain:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Set keychain settings to avoid keychain lock.
+    //
+    SecKeychainSettings settings;
+    settings.version = SEC_KEYCHAIN_SETTINGS_VERS1;
+    settings.lockOnSleep = FALSE;
+    settings.useLockInterval = FALSE;
+    settings.lockInterval = INT_MAX;
+    if((err = SecKeychainSetSettings(keychain.get(), &settings)))
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                            "IceSSL: error setting keychain settings:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+    }
+
+    return keychain.release();
+}
+
+//
+// Imports a certificate private key and optionally add it to a keychain.
+//
+SecIdentityRef
+loadPrivateKey(const string& file, SecCertificateRef cert, SecKeychainRef keychain, const string& password,
+               const PasswordPromptPtr& prompt, int retryMax)
+{
+    //
+    // Check if we already imported the certificate
+    //
+    UniqueRef<CFDataRef> hash;
+    UniqueRef<CFDictionaryRef> subjectKeyProperty(getCertificateProperty(cert, kSecOIDSubjectKeyIdentifier));
+    if(subjectKeyProperty)
+    {
+        CFArrayRef values = static_cast<CFArrayRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(subjectKeyProperty.get(),
+                                                                         kSecPropertyKeyValue));
+        for(int i = 0; i < CFArrayGetCount(values); ++i)
+        {
+            CFDictionaryRef dict = static_cast<CFDictionaryRef>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(values, i));
+            if(CFEqual(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecPropertyKeyLabel), CFSTR("Key Identifier")))
+            {
+                hash.retain(static_cast<CFDataRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecPropertyKeyValue)));
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const void* values[] = { keychain };
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> searchList(CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, values, 1, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+
+    UniqueRef<CFMutableDictionaryRef> query(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0,
+                                                                      0,
+                                                                      &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+                                                                      &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecClass, kSecClassCertificate);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchLimit, kSecMatchLimitOne);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchSearchList, searchList.get());
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecAttrSubjectKeyID, hash.get());
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecReturnRef, kCFBooleanTrue);
+
+    UniqueRef<CFTypeRef> value(0);
+    OSStatus err = SecItemCopyMatching(query.get(), &value.get());
+    UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> item(static_cast<SecCertificateRef>(const_cast<void*>(value.release())));
+    if(err == noErr)
+    {
+        //
+        // If the certificate has already been imported, create the
+        // identity. The key should also have been imported.
+        //
+        UniqueRef<SecIdentityRef> identity;
+        err = SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(keychain, item.get(), &identity.get());
+        if(err != noErr)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "IceSSL: error creating certificate identity:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+            throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+        return identity.release();
+    }
+    else if(err != errSecItemNotFound)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: error searching for keychain items:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    //
+    // If the certificate isn't already in the keychain, load the
+    // private key into the keychain and add the certificate.
+    //
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items(loadKeychainItems(file, kSecItemTypePrivateKey, keychain, password, prompt, retryMax));
+    CFIndex count = CFArrayGetCount(items.get());
+    UniqueRef<SecKeyRef> key;
+    for(CFIndex i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        SecKeychainItemRef itemRef =
+            static_cast<SecKeychainItemRef>(const_cast<void*>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items.get(), 0)));
+        if(SecKeyGetTypeID() == CFGetTypeID(itemRef))
+        {
+            key.retain(reinterpret_cast<SecKeyRef>(itemRef));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if(!key)
+    {
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: no key in file `" + file + "'");
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Add the certificate to the keychain
+    //
+    query.reset(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                                          0,
+                                          &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+                                          &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecUseKeychain, keychain);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecClass, kSecClassCertificate);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecValueRef, cert);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecReturnRef, kCFBooleanTrue);
+
+    value.reset(0);
+    err = SecItemAdd(query.get(), static_cast<CFTypeRef*>(&value.get()));
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> added(static_cast<CFArrayRef>(value.release()));
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: failure adding certificate to keychain\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+    item.retain(static_cast<SecCertificateRef>(const_cast<void*>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(added.get(), 0))));
+
+    //
+    // Create the association between the private key and the certificate,
+    // kSecKeyLabel attribute should match the subject key identifier.
+    //
+    vector<SecKeychainAttribute> attributes;
+    if(hash)
+    {
+        SecKeychainAttribute attr;
+        attr.tag = kSecKeyLabel;
+        attr.data = const_cast<UInt8*>(CFDataGetBytePtr(hash.get()));
+        attr.length = static_cast<UInt32>(CFDataGetLength(hash.get()));
+        attributes.push_back(attr);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // kSecKeyPrintName attribute correspond to the keychain display
+    // name.
+    //
+    string label;
+    UniqueRef<CFStringRef> commonName(0);
+    if(SecCertificateCopyCommonName(item.get(), &commonName.get()) == noErr)
+    {
+        label = fromCFString(commonName.get());
+        SecKeychainAttribute attr;
+        attr.tag = kSecKeyPrintName;
+        attr.data = const_cast<char*>(label.c_str());
+        attr.length = static_cast<UInt32>(label.size());
+        attributes.push_back(attr);
+    }
+
+    SecKeychainAttributeList attrs;
+    attrs.attr = &attributes[0];
+    attrs.count = static_cast<UInt32>(attributes.size());
+    SecKeychainItemModifyAttributesAndData(reinterpret_cast<SecKeychainItemRef>(key.get()), &attrs, 0, 0);
+
+    UniqueRef<SecIdentityRef> identity;
+    err = SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(keychain, item.get(), &identity.get());
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: error creating certificate identity:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+    return identity.release();
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace end
+
+#else
+
+namespace
+{
+
+CFArrayRef
+loadCerts(const string& file)
+{
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> certs(CFArrayCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+    if(file.find(".pem") != string::npos)
+    {
+        vector<char> buffer;
+        readFile(file, buffer);
+        string strbuf(buffer.begin(), buffer.end());
+        string::size_type size, startpos, endpos = 0;
+        bool first = true;
+        while(true)
+        {
+            startpos = strbuf.find("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", endpos);
+            if(startpos != string::npos)
+            {
+                startpos += sizeof("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----");
+                endpos = strbuf.find("-----END CERTIFICATE-----", startpos);
+                if(endpos == string::npos)
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: certificate " + file +
+                                                  " is not a valid PEM-encoded certificate");
+                }
+                size = endpos - startpos;
+            }
+            else if(first)
+            {
+                startpos = 0;
+                endpos = string::npos;
+                size = strbuf.size();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            vector<unsigned char> data(IceInternal::Base64::decode(string(&buffer[startpos], size)));
+            UniqueRef<CFDataRef> certdata(CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, &data[0],
+                                                       static_cast<CFIndex>(data.size())));
+            UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> cert(SecCertificateCreateWithData(0, certdata.get()));
+            if(!cert)
+            {
+                throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: certificate " + file +
+                                              " is not a valid PEM-encoded certificate");
+            }
+            CFArrayAppendValue(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(certs.get()), cert.get());
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        UniqueRef<CFDataRef> data(readCertFile(file));
+        UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> cert(SecCertificateCreateWithData(0, data.get()));
+        if(!cert)
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: certificate " + file +
+                                          " is not a valid DER-encoded certificate");
+        }
+        CFArrayAppendValue(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(certs.get()), cert.get());
+    }
+    return certs.release();
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
+//
+// Imports a certificate (it might contain an identity or certificate depending on the format).
+//
+CFArrayRef
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::loadCertificateChain(const string& file,
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+                                              const string& /*keyFile*/,
+                                              const std::string& /*keychainPath*/,
+                                              const string& /*keychainPassword*/,
+#else
+                                              const string& keyFile,
+                                              const std::string& keychainPath,
+                                              const string& keychainPassword,
+#endif
+                                              const string& password,
+                                              const PasswordPromptPtr& prompt,
+                                              int retryMax)
+{
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> chain;
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+    UniqueRef<CFDataRef> cert(readCertFile(file));
+
+    UniqueRef<CFMutableDictionaryRef> settings(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0,
+                                                                         1,
+                                                                         &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+                                                                         &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items;
+    OSStatus err;
+    int count = 0;
+    do
+    {
+        items.reset();
+        UniqueRef<CFStringRef> pass(toCFString(password.empty() && prompt ? prompt->getPassword() : password));
+        CFDictionarySetValue(settings.get(), kSecImportExportPassphrase, pass.get());
+        err = SecPKCS12Import(cert.get(), settings.get(), &items.get());
+        ++count;
+    }
+    while(password.empty() && prompt && err == errSecAuthFailed && count < retryMax);
+
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: unable to import certificate from file " << file << " (error = " << err << ")";
+        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < CFArrayGetCount(items.get()); ++i)
+    {
+        CFDictionaryRef dict = static_cast<CFDictionaryRef>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items.get(), i));
+        SecIdentityRef identity = static_cast<SecIdentityRef>(
+            const_cast<void*>(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecImportItemIdentity)));
+        if(identity)
+        {
+            CFArrayRef certs = static_cast<CFArrayRef>(CFDictionaryGetValue(dict, kSecImportItemCertChain));
+            chain.reset(CFArrayCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, certs));
+            CFArraySetValueAtIndex(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(chain.get()), 0, identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!chain)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: couldn't find identity in file " << file;
+        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+#else
+    UniqueRef<SecKeychainRef> keychain(openKeychain(keychainPath, keychainPassword));
+    if(keyFile.empty())
+    {
+        chain.reset(loadKeychainItems(file, kSecItemTypeUnknown, keychain.get(), password, prompt, retryMax));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // Load the certificate, don't load into the keychain as it
+        // might already have been imported.
+        //
+        UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items(loadKeychainItems(file, kSecItemTypeCertificate, 0, password, prompt, retryMax));
+        SecCertificateRef cert =
+            static_cast<SecCertificateRef>(const_cast<void*>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items.get(), 0)));
+        if(SecCertificateGetTypeID() != CFGetTypeID(cert))
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "IceSSL: couldn't find certificate in `" << file << "'";
+            throw CertificateReadException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Load the private key for the given certificate. This will
+        // add the certificate/key to the keychain if they aren't
+        // already present in the keychain.
+        //
+        UniqueRef<SecIdentityRef> identity(loadPrivateKey(keyFile, cert, keychain.get(), password, prompt, retryMax));
+        chain.reset(CFArrayCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, items.get()));
+        CFArraySetValueAtIndex(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(chain.get()), 0, identity.get());
+    }
+#endif
+    return chain.release();
+}
+
+SecCertificateRef
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::loadCertificate(const string& file)
+{
+    UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> cert;
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> certs(loadCerts(file));
+    assert(CFArrayGetCount(certs.get()) > 0);
+    cert.retain((SecCertificateRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(certs.get(), 0));
+#else
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items(loadKeychainItems(file, kSecItemTypeCertificate, 0, "", 0, 0));
+    cert.retain((SecCertificateRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items.get(), 0));
+#endif
+    return cert.release();
+}
+
+CFArrayRef
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::loadCACertificates(const string& file)
+{
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+    return loadCerts(file);
+#else
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items(loadKeychainItems(file, kSecItemTypeCertificate, 0, "", 0, 0));
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> certificateAuthorities(CFArrayCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+    CFIndex count = CFArrayGetCount(items.get());
+    for(CFIndex i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        SecCertificateRef cert =
+            static_cast<SecCertificateRef>(const_cast<void*>(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items.get(), i)));
+        assert(SecCertificateGetTypeID() == CFGetTypeID(cert));
+        if(isCA(cert))
+        {
+            CFArrayAppendValue(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(certificateAuthorities.get()), cert);
+        }
+    }
+    return certificateAuthorities.release();
+#endif
+}
+
+CFArrayRef
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::findCertificateChain(const std::string&,
+                                              const std::string&,
+                                              const string& value)
+#else
+IceSSL::SecureTransport::findCertificateChain(const std::string& keychainPath,
+                                              const std::string& keychainPassword,
+                                              const string& value)
+#endif
+{
+    //
+    //  Search the keychain using key:value pairs. The following keys are supported:
+    //
+    //   Label
+    //   Serial
+    //   Subject
+    //   SubjectKeyId
+    //
+    //   A value must be enclosed in single or double quotes if it contains whitespace.
+    //
+    UniqueRef<CFMutableDictionaryRef> query(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0,
+                                                                      0,
+                                                                      &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+                                                                      &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_MACOS)
+    UniqueRef<SecKeychainRef> keychain(openKeychain(keychainPath, keychainPassword));
+    const void* values[] = { keychain.get() };
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> searchList(CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, values, 1, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchSearchList, searchList.get());
+#endif
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchLimit, kSecMatchLimitOne);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecClass, kSecClassCertificate);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecReturnRef, kCFBooleanTrue);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchCaseInsensitive, kCFBooleanTrue);
+
+    size_t start = 0;
+    size_t pos;
+    bool valid = false;
+    while((pos = value.find(':', start)) != string::npos)
+    {
+        string field = IceUtilInternal::toUpper(IceUtilInternal::trim(value.substr(start, pos - start)));
+        string arg;
+        if(field != "LABEL" && field != "SERIAL" && field != "SUBJECT" && field != "SUBJECTKEYID")
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: unknown key in `" + value + "'");
+        }
+
+        start = pos + 1;
+        while(start < value.size() && (value[start] == ' ' || value[start] == '\t'))
+        {
+            ++start;
+        }
+
+        if(start == value.size())
+        {
+            throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: missing argument in `" + value + "'");
+        }
+
+        if(value[start] == '"' || value[start] == '\'')
+        {
+            size_t end = start;
+            ++end;
+            while(end < value.size())
+            {
+                if(value[end] == value[start] && value[end - 1] != '\\')
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++end;
+            }
+            if(end == value.size() || value[end] != value[start])
+            {
+                throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: unmatched quote in `" + value + "'");
+            }
+            ++start;
+            arg = value.substr(start, end - start);
+            start = end + 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            size_t end = value.find_first_of(" \t", start);
+            if(end == string::npos)
+            {
+                arg = value.substr(start);
+                start = value.size();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                arg = value.substr(start, end - start);
+                start = end + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(field == "SUBJECT" || field == "LABEL")
+        {
+            UniqueRef<CFStringRef> v(toCFString(arg));
+            CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), field == "LABEL" ? kSecAttrLabel : kSecMatchSubjectContains, v.get());
+            valid = true;
+        }
+        else if(field == "SUBJECTKEYID" || field == "SERIAL")
+        {
+            vector<unsigned char> buffer;
+            if(!parseBytes(arg, buffer))
+            {
+                throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: invalid value `" + value + "'");
+            }
+            UniqueRef<CFDataRef> v(CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, &buffer[0], static_cast<CFIndex>(buffer.size())));
+            CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), field == "SUBJECTKEYID" ? kSecAttrSubjectKeyID : kSecAttrSerialNumber,
+                                 v.get());
+            valid = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!valid)
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "IceSSL: invalid value `" + value + "'");
+    }
+
+    UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> cert;
+    OSStatus err = SecItemCopyMatching(query.get(), (CFTypeRef*)&cert.get());
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                            "IceSSL: find certificate `" + value + "' failed:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Retrieve the certificate chain
+    //
+    UniqueRef<SecPolicyRef> policy(SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, 0));
+    UniqueRef<SecTrustRef> trust;
+    err = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(reinterpret_cast<CFArrayRef>(cert.get()), policy.get(), &trust.get());
+    if(err || !trust)
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                            "IceSSL: error creating trust object" +
+                                            (err ? ":\n" + sslErrorToString(err) : ""));
+    }
+
+    SecTrustResultType trustResult;
+    if((err = SecTrustEvaluate(trust.get(), &trustResult)))
+    {
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__,
+                                            "IceSSL: error evaluating trust:\n" + sslErrorToString(err));
+    }
+
+    CFIndex chainLength = SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust.get());
+    UniqueRef<CFArrayRef> items(CFArrayCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, chainLength, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks));
+    for(int i = 0; i < chainLength; ++i)
+    {
+        CFArrayAppendValue(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(items.get()), SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust.get(), i));
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Replace the first certificate in the chain with the
+    // identity.
+    //
+    UniqueRef<SecIdentityRef> identity;
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT_IOS)
+
+    //
+    // SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate isn't supported on iOS so we lookup the identity
+    // using the certicate label. If the user added the identity with SecItemAdd the
+    // identity has the same label as the certificate.
+    //
+    query.reset(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0, 1, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecClass, kSecClassCertificate);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecValueRef, cert.get());
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecReturnAttributes, kCFBooleanTrue);
+    UniqueRef<CFDictionaryRef> attributes;
+    err = SecItemCopyMatching(query.get(), reinterpret_cast<CFTypeRef*>(&attributes.get()));
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: couldn't create identity for certificate found in the keychain:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    // Now lookup the identity with the label
+    query.reset(CFDictionaryCreateMutable(0, 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks));
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecMatchLimit, kSecMatchLimitOne);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecClass, kSecClassIdentity);
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecAttrLabel, (CFDataRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(attributes.get(), kSecAttrLabel));
+    CFDictionarySetValue(query.get(), kSecReturnRef, kCFBooleanTrue);
+    err = SecItemCopyMatching(query.get(), (CFTypeRef*)&identity.get());
+    if(err == noErr)
+    {
+        UniqueRef<SecCertificateRef> cert2;
+        if((err = SecIdentityCopyCertificate(identity.get(), &cert2.get())) == noErr)
+        {
+            err = CFEqual(cert2.get(), cert.get()) ? noErr : errSecItemNotFound;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    err = SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(keychain.get(), cert.get(), &identity.get());
+#endif
+    if(err != noErr)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "IceSSL: couldn't create identity for certificate found in the keychain:\n" << sslErrorToString(err);
+        throw PluginInitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+    CFArraySetValueAtIndex(const_cast<CFMutableArrayRef>(items.get()), 0, identity.get());
+    return items.release();
+}