worf 1.0.0

checksums.yaml

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+  data.tar.gz: 94f66431dbd19de1a609f6fcf4024a6ab250e7b99bf392d6311f5f61a771ec21
+SHA512:
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+  data.tar.gz: b31f0d6de154eeeb8904b865aafdb43dd5f0307287c0c7676d97622056f9285d77202f238f68f03d694695f0390049e2186266abea80bad3f15a1204154a69d2

data/Gemfile

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+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gemspec

data/LICENSE

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+   Copyright 2021 Aaron Patterson
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data/README.md

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+# WORF, the DWARF parser
+
+WORF is a DWARF parser that is written in Ruby.  You can use this library to
+parse DWARF files.  I usually use this with Mach-O files or ELF files, but
+as long as you have an IO object that contains DWARF data, WORF will parse it.
+
+With DWARF data, you can write some debugging utilities, but as an example
+I'll write a very simple version of [pahole](https://linux.die.net/man/1/pahole),
+a utility that finds holes in structs.
+
+## Example pahole
+
+This example only works on macOS.  We're going to find structs in Ruby that have
+holes in them (or wasted space).
+
+First we'll use [OdinFlex](https://github.com/tenderlove/odinflex) to find Ruby's archive file:
+
+```ruby
+archive = nil
+
+File.open(RbConfig.ruby) do |f|
+  my_macho = OdinFlex::MachO.new f
+  my_macho.each do |section|
+    if section.symtab?
+      archive = section.nlist.find_all(&:archive?).map(&:archive).uniq.first
+      break
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Now that we have the archive file, we're going to use OdinFlex again to process
+the AR file which will give us access to all of the Mach-O files stored inside.
+Those Mach-O files also have debugging sections that contain DWARF data, and
+we'll use WORF to parse that data:
+
+```ruby
+File.open(archive) do |f|
+  ar = OdinFlex::AR.new f
+  ar.each do |object_file|
+    next unless object_file.identifier =~ /\.o$/
+    p object_file.identifier
+
+    mach_o = OdinFlex::MachO.new(f)
+    debug_abbrev = debug_strs = debug_info = nil
+
+    mach_o.each do |part|
+      if part.section?
+        case part.sectname
+        when "__debug_abbrev"
+          debug_abbrev = WORF::DebugAbbrev.new f, part, mach_o.start_pos
+        when "__debug_str"
+          debug_strs = WORF::DebugStrings.new f, part, mach_o.start_pos
+        when "__debug_info"
+          debug_info = WORF::DebugInfo.new f, part, mach_o.start_pos
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if debug_abbrev && debug_strs && debug_info
+      puts "great"
+      process_debug_info(debug_abbrev, debug_strs, debug_info)
+      ## Now process the DWARF info
+    end
+    exit
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Now we can process the DWARF information and find holes in structs!
+
+Ok, I am feeling lazy and don't want to write the rest of this program.
+Check in the examples folder for a full listing.

data/Rakefile

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+file 'lib/worf/constants.rb' => ['lib/worf/constants.yml', 'lib/worf/constants.erb'] do |t|
+  require 'psych'
+  require 'erb'
+  constants = Psych.load_file t.prereqs.first
+  erb = ERB.new File.read(t.prereqs[1]), trim_mode: '-'
+  File.write t.name, erb.result(binding)
+end
+
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+Rake::TestTask.new do |t|
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.test_files = FileList['test/*_test.rb']
+  t.verbose = true
+  t.warning = true
+end
+
+task :default => 'lib/worf/constants.rb'

data/lib/worf.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "worf/constants"
+
+module WORF
+  module Constants
+    TAG_TO_NAME = constants.grep(/TAG/).each_with_object([]) { |c, o|
+      v = const_get(c)
+      if v < DW_TAG_low_user
+        o[const_get(c)] = c
+      end
+    }
+
+    def self.tag_for id
+      TAG_TO_NAME[id]
+    end
+
+    def self.at_for id
+      constants.grep(/_AT_/).find { |c| const_get(c) == id }
+    end
+
+    def self.form_for id
+      constants.grep(/_FORM_/).find { |c| const_get(c) == id }
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Tag
+    attr_reader :index, :type
+
+    FORM_TO_UNPACK = {
+      Constants::DW_FORM_addr       => "Q",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_strp       => "L",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_data1      => "C",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_data2      => "S",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_data4      => "L",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_data8      => "Q",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_sec_offset => "L",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_ref_addr   => "L",
+      Constants::DW_FORM_ref4       => "L"
+    }
+
+    UNPACK_TO_LEN = {
+      "Q" => 8,
+      "L" => 4,
+      "C" => 1,
+      "S" => 2,
+    }
+
+    class FixedWidthTag < Tag
+      def initialize index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms, unpack, readlen
+        super(index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms)
+        @unpack = unpack
+        @readlen = readlen
+      end
+
+      def decode io, _
+        io.read(@readlen).unpack(@unpack)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.build index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms
+      if attr_forms.all? { |x| FORM_TO_UNPACK.key?(x) }
+        packs = attr_forms.map { |x| FORM_TO_UNPACK[x] }
+        readlen = packs.map { |p| UNPACK_TO_LEN[p] }.sum
+        FixedWidthTag.new index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms, packs.join, readlen
+      else
+        new index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize index, type, has_children, attr_names, attr_forms
+      @index        = index
+      @type         = type
+      @has_children = has_children
+      @attr_names   = attr_names
+      @attr_forms   = attr_forms
+    end
+
+    class_eval Constants.constants.grep(/^DW_TAG_(.*)$/) { |match|
+      "def #{$1}?; type == Constants::#{match}; end"
+    }.join "\n"
+
+    def has_children?; @has_children; end
+
+    def user?
+      @type > Constants::DW_TAG_low_user
+    end
+
+    def identifier
+      Constants.tag_for(@type)
+    end
+
+    def attribute_info name
+      i = index_of(name) || return
+      yield @attr_forms, i
+    end
+
+    def index_of name
+      @attr_names.index(name)
+    end
+
+    def decode io, _
+      @attr_forms.map do |type|
+        case type
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_addr       then io.read(8).unpack1("Q")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_strp       then io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_data1      then io.read(1).unpack1("C")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_data2      then io.read(2).unpack1("S")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_data4      then io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_data8      then io.read(8).unpack1("Q")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_sec_offset then io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_ref_addr   then io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_ref4       then io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_flag_present
+          true
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_exprloc
+          io.read(WORF.unpackULEB128(io))
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_string
+          str = []
+          loop do
+            x = io.readbyte
+            break if x == 0
+            str << x
+          end
+
+          str.pack("C*")
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_flag
+          io.readbyte
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_block1
+          io.read io.readbyte
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_udata
+          WORF.unpackULEB128 io
+        when Constants::DW_FORM_sdata
+          WORF.unpackSLEB128 io
+        else
+          raise "Unhandled type: #{Constants.form_for(type)}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      names = @attr_names.map { |k| Constants.at_for(k) || :Custom }
+      forms = @attr_forms.map { |v| Constants.form_for(v) }
+      maxlen = names.map { |x| x.length }.max || 0
+
+      "[#{@index}] #{Constants.tag_for(@type)} #{@has_children ? "children" : "no children"}\n" +
+        names.zip(forms).map { |k,v| "        #{k.to_s.ljust(maxlen)} #{v}" }.join("\n")
+
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DebugStrings
+    def initialize io, section, head_pos
+      @io      = io
+      @section = section
+      @head_pos = head_pos
+    end
+
+    def string_at offset
+      pos = @io.pos
+      @io.seek @head_pos + @section.offset + offset, IO::SEEK_SET
+      @io.readline("\x00").b.delete("\x00")
+    ensure
+      @io.seek pos, IO::SEEK_SET
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DIE
+    include Enumerable
+
+    attr_reader :tag, :offset, :attributes, :children
+
+    def initialize tag, offset, attributes, children
+      @tag        = tag
+      @offset     = offset
+      @attributes = attributes
+      @children   = children
+    end
+
+    def find_type child
+      raise ArgumentError, "DIE doesn't have a type" unless child.type
+      children.bsearch { |c_die| child.type <=> c_die.offset }
+    end
+
+    def location
+      at Constants::DW_AT_location
+    end
+
+    def low_pc
+      at Constants::DW_AT_low_pc
+    end
+
+    def high_pc
+      at Constants::DW_AT_high_pc
+    end
+
+    def data_member_location
+      at Constants::DW_AT_data_member_location
+    end
+
+    def byte_size
+      at Constants::DW_AT_byte_size
+    end
+
+    def type
+      at Constants::DW_AT_type
+    end
+
+    def decl_file
+      at Constants::DW_AT_decl_file
+    end
+
+    def const_value
+      at Constants::DW_AT_const_value
+    end
+
+    def name strings
+      tag.attribute_info(Constants::DW_AT_name) do |form, i|
+        if form == Constants::DW_FORM_string
+          attributes[i]
+        else
+          strings.string_at(attributes[i])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def name_offset
+      at Constants::DW_AT_name
+    end
+
+    def each &block
+      yield self
+      children.each { |child| child.each(&block) }
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def at name
+      idx = tag.index_of(name)
+      idx && attributes[idx]
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DebugLine
+    class Registers
+      attr_accessor :address, :op_index, :file, :line, :column, :is_stmt,
+                    :basic_block, :end_sequence, :prologue_end, :epilogue_begin,
+                    :isa, :discriminator
+
+      def initialize default_is_stmt
+        @address        = 0
+        @op_index       = 0
+        @file           = 1
+        @line           = 1
+        @column         = 0
+        @is_stmt        = default_is_stmt
+        @basic_block    = false
+        @end_sequence   = false
+        @prologue_end   = false
+        @epilogue_begin = false
+        @isa            = 0
+        @discriminator  = 0
+      end
+
+      def inspect
+        sprintf("%#018x %s %s %s", address,
+                                line.to_s.rjust(6),
+                                column.to_s.rjust(6),
+                                file.to_s.rjust(6))
+      end
+    end
+
+    FileName = Struct.new(:name, :dir_index, :mod_time, :length)
+    Info = Struct.new(:unit_length, :version, :include_directories, :file_names, :matrix)
+
+    def initialize io, section, head_pos
+      @io                  = io
+      @section             = section
+      @head_pos            = head_pos
+    end
+
+    def info
+      include_directories = []
+      file_names          = []
+      matrix              = []
+
+      @io.seek @head_pos + @section.offset, IO::SEEK_SET
+      last_position = @head_pos + @section.offset + @section.size
+      while @io.pos < last_position
+        unit_length, dwarf_version = @io.read(6).unpack("LS")
+        if dwarf_version != 4
+          raise NotImplementedError, "Only DWARF4 rn #{dwarf_version}"
+        end
+
+        # we're just not handling 32 bit
+        _, # prologue_length,
+          min_inst_length,
+          max_ops_per_inst,
+          default_is_stmt,
+          line_base,
+          line_range,
+          opcode_base = @io.read(4 + (1 * 6)).unpack("LCCCcCC")
+
+        # assume address size is 8
+        address_size = 8
+
+        registers = Registers.new(default_is_stmt)
+
+        @io.read(opcode_base - 1) #standard_opcode_lengths = @io.read(opcode_base - 1).bytes
+
+        loop do
+          str = @io.readline("\0").chomp("\0")
+          break if "" == str
+          include_directories << str
+        end
+
+        loop do
+          fname = @io.readline("\0").chomp("\0")
+          break if "" == fname
+
+          directory_idx = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+          last_mod      = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+          length        = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+          file_names << FileName.new(fname, directory_idx, last_mod, length)
+        end
+
+        loop do
+          code = @io.readbyte
+          case code
+          when 0 # extended operands
+            expected_size = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+            raise if expected_size == 0
+
+            cur_pos = @io.pos
+            extended_code = @io.readbyte
+            case extended_code
+            when Constants::DW_LNE_end_sequence
+              registers.end_sequence = true
+              matrix << registers.dup
+              break
+            when Constants::DW_LNE_set_address
+              registers.address = @io.read(address_size).unpack1("Q")
+              registers.op_index = 0
+            when Constants::DW_LNE_set_discriminator
+              raise
+            else
+              raise "unknown extednded opcode #{extended_code}"
+            end
+
+            raise unless expected_size == (@io.pos - cur_pos)
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_copy
+            matrix << registers.dup
+            registers.discriminator  = 0
+            registers.basic_block    = false
+            registers.prologue_end   = false
+            registers.epilogue_begin = false
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_advance_pc
+            code = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+            registers.address += (code * min_inst_length)
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_advance_line
+            registers.line += WORF.unpackSLEB128 @io
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_file
+            registers.file = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_column
+            registers.column = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_negate_stmt
+            registers.is_stmt = !registers.is_stmt
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_basic_block
+            registers.basic_block = true
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_const_add_pc
+            code = 255
+            adjusted_opcode = code - opcode_base
+            operation_advance = adjusted_opcode / line_range
+            new_address = min_inst_length *
+              ((registers.op_index + operation_advance) /
+               max_ops_per_inst)
+
+            new_op_index = (registers.op_index + operation_advance) % max_ops_per_inst
+
+            registers.address += new_address
+            registers.op_index = new_op_index
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc
+            raise
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_prologue_end
+            registers.prologue_end = true
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin
+            raise
+          when Constants::DW_LNS_set_isa
+            raise
+          else
+            adjusted_opcode = code - opcode_base
+            operation_advance = adjusted_opcode / line_range
+            new_address = min_inst_length *
+              ((registers.op_index + operation_advance) /
+               max_ops_per_inst)
+
+            new_op_index = (registers.op_index + operation_advance) % max_ops_per_inst
+
+            line_increment = line_base + (adjusted_opcode % line_range)
+
+            registers.address += new_address
+            registers.op_index = new_op_index
+            registers.line += line_increment
+            matrix << registers.dup
+
+            registers.basic_block    = false
+            registers.prologue_end   = false
+            registers.epilogue_begin = false
+            registers.discriminator  = 0
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      Info.new unit_length, dwarf_version, include_directories, file_names, matrix
+    end
+  end
+
+  CompilationUnit = Struct.new(:unit_length, :version, :debug_abbrev_offset, :address_size, :die)
+
+  class DebugInfo
+    def initialize io, section, head_pos
+      @io           = io
+      @section      = section
+      @head_pos     = head_pos
+    end
+
+    def compile_units tags
+      cus = []
+      @io.seek @head_pos + @section.offset, IO::SEEK_SET
+      while @io.pos < @head_pos + @section.offset + @section.size
+        unit_length, dwarf_version = @io.read(6).unpack("LS")
+        if dwarf_version != 4
+          raise NotImplementedError, "Only DWARF4 rn #{dwarf_version}"
+        end
+
+        debug_abbrev_offset = @io.read(4).unpack1("L")
+        address_size = @io.readbyte
+        if address_size != 8
+          raise NotImplementedError, "only 8 bytes address size supported rn"
+        end
+        offset = @io.pos - @section.offset
+        abbrev_code = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+        tag = tags[abbrev_code - 1]
+        cu = CompilationUnit.new(unit_length,
+                                   dwarf_version,
+                                   debug_abbrev_offset,
+                                   address_size,
+                                   parse_die(@io, tags, tag, offset, address_size))
+        cus << cu
+      end
+      cus
+    ensure
+      @io.seek @head_pos, IO::SEEK_SET
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def read_children io, tags, address_size
+      children = []
+      loop do
+        offset = io.pos - @section.offset
+        abbrev_code = WORF.unpackULEB128 io
+
+        return children if abbrev_code == 0
+
+        tag = tags.fetch(abbrev_code - 1)
+        die = parse_die io, tags, tag, offset, address_size
+        children << die
+      end
+    end
+
+    NO_CHILDREN = [].freeze
+
+    def parse_die io, tags, tag, offset, address_size
+      attributes = decode tag, address_size, io
+
+      children = if tag.has_children?
+        read_children io, tags, address_size
+      else
+        NO_CHILDREN
+      end
+      DIE.new tag, offset - @head_pos, attributes, children
+    end
+
+    def decode tag, address_size, io
+      tag.decode io, address_size
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DebugAbbrev
+    def initialize io, section, head_pos
+      @io      = io
+      @section = section
+      @head_pos     = head_pos
+    end
+
+    def tags
+      @tags ||= begin
+                  @io.seek @head_pos + @section.offset, IO::SEEK_SET
+                  tags = []
+                  loop do
+                    break if @io.pos + 1 >= @head_pos + @section.offset + @section.size
+                    tags << read_tag
+                  end
+                  tags
+                end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def read_tag
+      abbreviation_code = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+      name              = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+      children_p        = @io.readbyte == Constants::DW_CHILDREN_yes
+      attr_names = []
+      attr_forms = []
+      loop do
+        attr_name = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+        attr_form = WORF.unpackULEB128 @io
+        break if attr_name == 0 && attr_form == 0
+
+        attr_names << attr_name
+        attr_forms << attr_form
+      end
+      Tag.build abbreviation_code, name, children_p, attr_names, attr_forms
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.unpackULEB128 io
+    result = 0
+    shift = 0
+
+    loop do
+      byte = io.getbyte
+      result |= ((byte & 0x7F) << shift)
+      if (byte < 0x80)
+        break
+      end
+      shift += 7
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def self.unpackSLEB128 io
+    result = 0
+    shift = 0
+    size = 64
+
+    loop do
+      byte = io.getbyte
+      result |= ((byte & 0x7F) << shift)
+      shift += 7
+      if (byte >> 7) == 0
+        if shift < size && (byte & 0x40) != 0
+          result |= (~0 << shift)
+        end
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    result
+  end
+end