wlang 0.10.2 → 2.0.0.beta
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- data/CHANGELOG.md +3 -121
- data/Gemfile +23 -1
- data/Gemfile.lock +32 -28
- data/LICENCE.md +18 -21
- data/Manifest.txt +4 -5
- data/README.md +100 -174
- data/Rakefile +1 -13
- data/bin/wlang +3 -29
- data/lib/wlang.rb +21 -394
- data/lib/wlang/command.rb +94 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler.rb +78 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/autospacing.rb +60 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/dialect_enforcer.rb +91 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/filter.rb +32 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/grammar.citrus +67 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/parser.rb +26 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/proc_call_removal.rb +15 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/static_merger.rb +28 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/strconcat_flattener.rb +25 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/to_ruby_abstraction.rb +22 -0
- data/lib/wlang/compiler/to_ruby_code.rb +55 -0
- data/lib/wlang/dialect.rb +40 -237
- data/lib/wlang/dialect/dispatching.rb +51 -0
- data/lib/wlang/dialect/evaluation.rb +30 -0
- data/lib/wlang/dialect/tags.rb +50 -0
- data/lib/wlang/dummy.rb +32 -0
- data/lib/wlang/html.rb +106 -0
- data/lib/wlang/loader.rb +6 -0
- data/lib/wlang/mustang.rb +90 -0
- data/lib/wlang/scope.rb +57 -0
- data/lib/wlang/scope/binding_scope.rb +18 -0
- data/lib/wlang/scope/object_scope.rb +25 -0
- data/lib/wlang/scope/proxy_scope.rb +18 -0
- data/lib/wlang/scope/root_scope.rb +24 -0
- data/lib/wlang/template.rb +16 -86
- data/lib/wlang/version.rb +9 -8
- data/spec/fixtures/dialect/foobar.rb +31 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/dialect/upcasing.rb +13 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/templates/hello.tpl +1 -0
- data/spec/integration/examples/1-basics.txt +65 -0
- data/spec/integration/examples/2-imperative.txt +51 -0
- data/spec/integration/examples/3-partials.txt +76 -0
- data/spec/integration/examples/4-recursion.txt +16 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_ampersand.rb +15 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_bang.rb +38 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_caret.rb +33 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_dollar.rb +16 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_greater.rb +23 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_modulo.rb +16 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_plus.rb +48 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_question.rb +33 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_sharp.rb +21 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_slash.rb +16 -0
- data/spec/integration/html/test_star.rb +37 -0
- data/spec/integration/test_dummy.rb +51 -0
- data/spec/integration/test_examples.rb +29 -0
- data/spec/integration/test_mustang.rb +120 -0
- data/spec/integration/test_readme.rb +56 -0
- data/spec/integration/test_upcasing.rb +22 -0
- data/spec/spec_helper.rb +62 -1
- data/spec/test_wlang.rb +101 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/autospacing/test_right_strip.rb +30 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/autospacing/test_unindent.rb +30 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_dialect_enforcer.rb +168 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_grammar.rb +207 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_parser.rb +69 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_proc_call_removal.rb +24 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_static_merger.rb +29 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_strconcat_flattener.rb +30 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_to_ruby_abstraction.rb +59 -0
- data/spec/unit/compiler/test_to_ruby_code.rb +24 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_compile.rb +52 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_dispatching.rb +19 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_evaluate.rb +41 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_render.rb +33 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_tags.rb +32 -0
- data/spec/unit/dialect/test_with_scope.rb +18 -0
- data/spec/unit/scope/test_binding_scope.rb +27 -0
- data/spec/unit/scope/test_coerce.rb +22 -0
- data/spec/unit/scope/test_object_scope.rb +38 -0
- data/spec/unit/scope/test_proxy_scope.rb +22 -0
- data/spec/unit/scope/test_root_scope.rb +22 -0
- data/spec/unit/test_assumptions.rb +29 -0
- data/spec/unit/test_scope.rb +57 -0
- data/tasks/debug_mail.rake +42 -45
- data/tasks/gem.rake +22 -17
- data/tasks/spec_test.rake +9 -17
- data/tasks/unit_test.rake +11 -12
- data/tasks/yard.rake +13 -13
- data/wlang.gemspec +36 -32
- data/wlang.noespec +27 -35
- metadata +268 -451
- data/doc/specification/about.rdoc +0 -61
- data/doc/specification/analytics.wtpl +0 -13
- data/doc/specification/dialect.wtpl +0 -14
- data/doc/specification/dialects.wtpl +0 -3
- data/doc/specification/examples.rb +0 -3
- data/doc/specification/glossary.wtpl +0 -14
- data/doc/specification/hosting.rdoc +0 -0
- data/doc/specification/overview.rdoc +0 -116
- data/doc/specification/rulesets.wtpl +0 -87
- data/doc/specification/specification.css +0 -53
- data/doc/specification/specification.html +0 -1690
- data/doc/specification/specification.js +0 -8
- data/doc/specification/specification.wtpl +0 -42
- data/doc/specification/specification.yml +0 -432
- data/doc/specification/symbols.wtpl +0 -16
- data/lib/wlang/dialect_dsl.rb +0 -141
- data/lib/wlang/dialect_loader.rb +0 -74
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/bluecloth_dialect.rb +0 -16
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/coderay_dialect.rb +0 -45
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/hosted_dialect.rb +0 -50
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/plain_text_dialect.rb +0 -69
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/rdoc_dialect.rb +0 -33
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/redcloth_dialect.rb +0 -16
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/ruby_dialect.rb +0 -118
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/sql_dialect.rb +0 -38
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/standard_dialects.rb +0 -181
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/xhtml_dialect.rb +0 -63
- data/lib/wlang/dialects/yaml_dialect.rb +0 -30
- data/lib/wlang/encoder.rb +0 -62
- data/lib/wlang/encoder_set.rb +0 -122
- data/lib/wlang/errors.rb +0 -80
- data/lib/wlang/ext/hash_methodize.rb +0 -13
- data/lib/wlang/ext/string.rb +0 -44
- data/lib/wlang/hash_scope.rb +0 -89
- data/lib/wlang/hosted_language.rb +0 -146
- data/lib/wlang/intelligent_buffer.rb +0 -94
- data/lib/wlang/parser.rb +0 -332
- data/lib/wlang/parser_state.rb +0 -94
- data/lib/wlang/rule.rb +0 -66
- data/lib/wlang/rule_set.rb +0 -106
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/basic_ruleset.rb +0 -83
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/buffering_ruleset.rb +0 -115
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/context_ruleset.rb +0 -111
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/encoding_ruleset.rb +0 -73
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/imperative_ruleset.rb +0 -132
- data/lib/wlang/rulesets/ruleset_utils.rb +0 -317
- data/lib/wlang/wlang_command.rb +0 -51
- data/lib/wlang/wlang_command_options.rb +0 -163
- data/spec/basic_object.spec +0 -40
- data/spec/coderay_dialect.spec +0 -8
- data/spec/dialect/apply_post_transform.spec +0 -16
- data/spec/global_extensions.rb +0 -2
- data/spec/hash_scope.spec +0 -76
- data/spec/redcloth_dialect.spec +0 -24
- data/spec/test_all.rb +0 -8
- data/spec/wlang.spec +0 -53
- data/spec/wlang_spec.rb +0 -8
- data/spec/xhtml_dialect.spec +0 -22
- data/tasks/genspec.rake +0 -5
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_3.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_3.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_4.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/execution_4.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/inclusion_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/inclusion_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/inclusion_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/inclusion_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/injection_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/injection_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/injection_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/injection_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/modulation_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/modulation_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/modulation_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/modulation_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/recursive_app_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/recursive_app_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/recursive_app_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/basic/recursive_app_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_1.rb +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_3.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_3.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_4.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/data_assignment_4.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_3.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_3.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_1.exp +0 -0
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_3.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_3.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_4.exp +0 -0
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_4.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_5.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_5.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_6.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_6.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_7.exp +0 -0
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/input_inclusion_7.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/text_1.txt +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/buffering/wlang.txt +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/assignment_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/assignment_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/assignment_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/assignment_2.tpl +0 -1
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- data/test/blackbox/context/block_assignment_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/block_assignment_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/block_assignment_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/block_assignment_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/modulo_assignment_1.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/modulo_assignment_1.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/modulo_assignment_2.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/context/modulo_assignment_2.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/data_1.rb +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello.pre +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello_input_inclusion.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello_input_inclusion.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello_to_authors.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/postblock/hello_to_authors.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/poststring/hello.exp +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/poststring/hello.tpl +0 -1
- data/test/blackbox/test_all.rb +0 -70
- data/test/standard_dialects/ruby/data.rb +0 -7
- data/test/standard_dialects/ruby/inclusion.exp +0 -6
- data/test/standard_dialects/ruby/inclusion.tpl +0 -6
- data/test/standard_dialects/test_all.rb +0 -29
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/assumptions_test.rb +0 -13
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/data.rb +0 -3
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/inclusion_1.exp +0 -7
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/inclusion_1.tpl +0 -2
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/inclusion_2.exp +0 -5
- data/test/standard_dialects/yaml/inclusion_2.tpl +0 -3
- data/test/unit/test_all.rb +0 -9
- data/test/unit/wlang/anagram_bugs_test.rb +0 -111
- data/test/unit/wlang/basic_ruleset_test.rb +0 -52
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_ruleset_test.rb +0 -102
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_template1.wtpl +0 -1
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_template2.wtpl +0 -1
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_template3.wtpl +0 -1
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_template4.wtpl +0 -1
- data/test/unit/wlang/buffering_template5.wtpl +0 -1
- data/test/unit/wlang/context_ruleset_test.rb +0 -32
- data/test/unit/wlang/data.rb +0 -3
- data/test/unit/wlang/encoder_set_test.rb +0 -42
- data/test/unit/wlang/imperative_ruleset_test.rb +0 -107
- data/test/unit/wlang/intelligent_buffer_test.rb +0 -194
- data/test/unit/wlang/othersymbols_test.rb +0 -16
- data/test/unit/wlang/parser_test.rb +0 -88
- data/test/unit/wlang/plain_text_dialect_test.rb +0 -21
- data/test/unit/wlang/ruby_dialect_test.rb +0 -100
- data/test/unit/wlang/ruby_expected.rb +0 -3
- data/test/unit/wlang/ruby_template.wrb +0 -3
- data/test/unit/wlang/ruleset_utils_test.rb +0 -245
- data/test/unit/wlang/specification_examples_test.rb +0 -54
- data/test/unit/wlang/test_utils.rb +0 -25
- data/test/unit/wlang/wlang_test.rb +0 -80
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WLang is a a reusable and extensible <em>code generator</em>, also known as a
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<em>templating engine</em>. Motivation for it can be found at http://www.revision-zero.org/wlang.
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The current file is the reference of the tool.
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=== Topics
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[Short overview] Probably the first section to read! Basic usage of _wlang_ is explained here and
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pointers are given to continue your learning.
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[Rulesets] Standard rulesets are specified. As most of them are included in standard dialects,
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looking at standard rulesets is the quickest way to learn all of them at once.
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[Dialects] Standard dialects are described. This page also provides useful cheatsheets of
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available tags in standard dialects.
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[Hosting language] Somewhat more tricky but powerful. The notion of hosting language is explained
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more deeply. Implementing you own hosting language abstraction (advanced topic)
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sometimes leads to cleaner and cross-implementation templates.
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[Glossary] _wlang_ comes with a terminology, knowing it will make your reading easier.
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[Symbols] If you plan to create your own tags, it can be useful to know what is allowed and what is
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not. This pages covers this topic.
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=== About this document
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This document is a simple .html file without external dependencies (embedded CSS and javascript).
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As it contains several cheatsheets, you can simply save it on your harddisk without having to be
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online to browse the documentation. It has been generated using _wlang_ itself using the following
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command:
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wlang specification.wtpl
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The file 'specification.wtpl' is almost empty and other files next to it are all kept simple
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and written in the most appropriate format for the task at hand (YAML for structured parts, RDoc for
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text sections, sometimes YAML embedding short sentences writted in RDoc style, etc.).
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One way to learn _wlang_ quickly is to download the source distribution and to look how this is made
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possible ;-)
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This reference document is under a {Creative Commons Licence 2.0}[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/be/]
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contract. You can use it, redistribute it and modify it providing that you keep a reference to the
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original licensor (namely, the 'University of Louvain' or 'Bernard and Louis Lambeau').
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Enjoy _wlang_ !
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=== Distribution
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(under MIT licence). <br/> Use <tt>'gem install wlang'</tt> to install it. For repository and
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=== Authors
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_wlang_ has been initially designed by Bernard and Louis Lambeau during the implementation of w@w, yet another
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web framework (proof of concept). They are also maintainers of the reference implementation.
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=== Credits
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This work is supported by the {department of computer science}[http://www.uclouvain.be/en-ingi.html] of the
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UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium).
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This work was also partially supported by the Regional Government of Wallonia (ReQuest project, RW Conv. 315592
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and GISELE project, RW Conv. 616425) and the MoVES project (PAI program of the Belgian government).
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<th class="term">term</th>
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<th class="definition">definition</th>
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<th class="example">example</th>
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</tr>
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*{spec.glossary as t}{
|
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<tr>
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<td><em>${t.term}</em></td>
|
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<td>^{rdoc/nop}{+{t.definition}}</td>
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<td style="font-size: 90%;">^{rdoc/nop}{+{t.example}}</td>
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</tr>
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}
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</table>
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=== What is _wlang_ designed for?
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_wlang_ helps you <b>generating code</b>, in a broad sense. It was originally the templating engine of
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w@w, a proof-of-concept web framework. While more powerful than the original version, the <b>templating
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engine</b> ability of _wlang_ has been kept unchanged. For this reason, generating html code with _wlang_
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is probably a bit more mature than generating ruby, java or sql code, to take some examples of what
|
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_wlang_ can do. It is the author opinion that _wlang_ will also become mature quiclky for these tasks
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because of its foundations: <b>its engine is generic</b> (in a sense, _wlang_ does not really care about
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what it generates) but is <b>fully and easily configurable</b>. Generation of html files is mature because
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_wlang_ has been used a lot for such a job; thus its authors have acquired experience of what is
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useful when generating simple as well as complex html files. This experience led us to a mature
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configuration of the _wlang_ engine for generating html files, as the following paragraph illustrates
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(for people interested in generating code in other languages than html, don't stop your reading here:
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the paragraph immediately following contains information for you!)
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Consider this file for example, which is completely self-contained. It consists of several parts, some
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of them being structured - the tables for example - while others are not. It also embeds a complete CSS
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stylesheet and some javascript functions. We have not written this file manually, nor do we maintain it
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this way. In fact, this reference document is entirely generated by _wlang_ itself from separated parts
|
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written mainly in yaml and rdoc files. Also, the cheatsheets given later contains a lot of examples. To
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ensure that all of them are correct, we simply ask _wlang_ to compute them during generation (technically,
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we say that <b>_wlang_ naturally allows metaprogramming</b>). Lastly, if _wlang_ can be used inside a web
|
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framework, it can also be used as a standalone (commandline) tool for generating single files like this
|
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one or multiple files, even if all of them are of different nature.
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<b>Maybe you are looking for a code generator for another language than html</b> (which one does not really care,
|
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unless really specific; we call it the <em>target language</em>)?
|
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Don't be affraid by our previous words about _wlang_'s maturity: even in such a case, _wlang_ is your friend.
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Start with an existing dialect (see later about dialects), which will provide basic utilities for starting and try
|
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|
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to identify common patterns when you use them. Then simply create special shortcuts that are more friendly to
|
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use than combining several existing utils ... you are on the way of creating your own mature and reusable dialect
|
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for that target language. In this case, don't forget to share it ...
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=== Template and instantiation
|
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The _wlang_ grammar used to write a _template_ is generic and simple: every character stands for itself
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(meaning that it is reproduced exactly when the template is instantiated) except <em>tags</em> (and
|
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their associated <em>blocks</em>, enclosed between '{' and '}') that are replaced by what is called the
|
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<em>replacement value</em>. Consider the following example:
|
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>${title}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello *{authors as who}{${who}}{, } !</h1>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
|
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Assume that we have some instantitation data through the following hash (or something similar, like
|
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a YAML file):
|
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{"title" => "Short overview of wlang", "authors" => ["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]}
|
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When instantiated this template will produce exactly the same html file except for special tags <tt>${title}</tt>
|
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and <tt>*{whos as who}{${who}}{, }</tt> that will be replaced by <tt>'Short overview of wlang'</tt> and
|
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<tt>'blambeau, llambeau, ancailliau'</tt>, respectively. A lot of tags is available, each of them being
|
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designed for a specific task: inserting the value of a variable, iterating over collections, including another
|
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file, dynamically loading instantiation data, etc. All of these things are commonly proposed by templating
|
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engines and _wlang_ is one of them ... However, _wlang_ is a bit different as will quickly appear.
|
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|
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|
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Indeed (and maybe surprisingly) _wlang_ can also behave really differently on the same template:
|
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replacing <tt>${title}</tt> but not <tt>*{...}</tt> or the converse, or not replacing anything, or replacing
|
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|
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both tags but not <tt>${who}</tt>, etc. All of this is possible in _wlang_. The magic relies under the notion
|
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of _dialect_, which you need to understand.
|
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|
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=== Dialects and Rulesets
|
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|
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|
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|
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The notion of dialect drives the recognition of tags as well as their replacement during instantiation.
|
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Dialects are what makes _wlang_ really powerful: if instantiated as being written in the <tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
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dialect, the template above will give the result mentionned previously. In contrast, if written in
|
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<tt>wlang/dummy</tt> the template will be reproduced whitout any change (no tag replacement at all).
|
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|
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This behavior is not hardcoded; it results from the definition of wlang (standard) dialects: <tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
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define special meanings for <tt>${...}</tt> and <tt>*{...}{...}{...}</tt> while <tt>wlang/dummy</tt> does not.
|
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|
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The replacement of a given _tag_ during instantiation is computed by what we call the _rule_ attached to the tag
|
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|
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(keeping rules and tags as different concepts leads to another feature of _wlang_: you can reuse rule
|
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implementations and attach them to other tags than those proposed). A dialect comes with a set of (tag, rule)
|
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pairs that determine its replacement behavior. Such a set is called a _ruleset_; for easier reuse, standard
|
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|
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rulesets are already implemented. A dialect is a packaging of standard rulesets (and maybe implements specific
|
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tag/rule pairs) designed for generating code in a given target language.
|
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|
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|
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|
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A complete _wlang_ implementation already provides standard dialects for common tasks: creating html pages,
|
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|
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building SQL queries, generating code in Ruby or in another language, etc. Each dialect comes with special
|
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|
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tags that are useful for the task at hand (a tag for back-quoting values is useful for creating SQL queries
|
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but does not really makes sense
|
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for generating an html page where, in contrast, a tag for encoding entities is probably welcome). Such an
|
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|
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implementation also allows you to extend standard dialects and to create your own dialect by implementing
|
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|
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specific tags and rules or by reusing existing ones. Lastlty, the dialect in used during instantiation can be changed
|
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|
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dynamically (_explicitly_, by using the <tt>%{dialect/qualified/name}{...}</tt> standard tag and _implicitly_,
|
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|
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when rules parse their blocks).
|
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|
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|
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|
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To learn more about standard dialects and reusable rules, read the 'Dialects' and 'Rulesets' pages of this
|
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documentation.
|
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|
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|
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|
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=== Grammar
|
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|
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|
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|
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The (abstract) _wlang_ grammar rules what forms a valid template. At first glance, this grammar does not depend on the
|
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|
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dialect that is used for instantiation. It is simple, but comes with some constraints that are explained below:
|
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|
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- block delimiters are '{' and '}' by default; _wlang_ can be configured to use '(' and ')' or '[' and ']' instead.
|
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|
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However, block <b>delimiters are template-specific</b>: only one kind of delimiters can be used inside the same template.
|
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|
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- block delimiters <b>must always be paired</b>, even when not used for delimiting blocks. If an opening or closing delimiter
|
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|
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is not paired, it must be escaped with a backslash, which will not be reproduced. If you want a backslash to appear before
|
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a block delimiter in the instantiation result, use a double backslash.
|
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- if a given tag has a special meaning in the current dialect and you don't want it to be replaced by _wlang_ you can escape
|
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it with a backslash as well (the backslash will not be reproduced).
|
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- some tags (precisely: some rules associated with tags) require multiple blocks (like <tt>*{...}{...}{...}</tt> in
|
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|
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<tt>wlang/xhtml</tt> for example, with the third block bein optional). In such a case no character is allowed between
|
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|
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the end of a block '}' and the start of the next one '{', not even spaces or
|
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|
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a carriage return. In other words, multiple blocks (that must be interpreted as such) must touch each others using '}{' precisely,
|
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|
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as ilustrated below. If a non-optional block is missing a parse error is raised by the _wlang_ implementation.
|
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|
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|
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|
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*{authors as who}{${who}}{, } -> blambeau, llambeau, ancailliau
|
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|
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*{authors as who}{${who}} {, } -> blambeaullambeauancailliau {, }
|
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|
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*{authors as who} {${who}}{, } -> parse error 1:18, missing block 2 in *{...}{...}
|
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|
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|
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|
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In addition to these constraints, dialects and the hosting language may impose restrictions on what can be put inside specific
|
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|
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blocks of tags/rules (for example, 'authors as who' is valid as first tag of <tt>*{...}{...}</tt> but not every string is, of course).
|
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|
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These constraints are not specific to the wlang grammar <em>per se</em> and are explained in the 'Rulesets', 'Dialects' and 'Hosting
|
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|
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language' pages of this document.
|
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
|
|
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|
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^{rdoc/div}{%{wlang/dummy}{
|
2
|
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Standard ruleset are designed to be reusable: including them in your own dialect is made
|
3
|
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easy by a typical _wlang_ implementation. Some of them are also included by standard dialects.
|
4
|
-
|
5
|
-
=== How to read this cheatsheet?
|
6
|
-
|
7
|
-
First of all, focus on the examples; they are written to let you learn _wlang_ quickly and
|
8
|
-
deeply. Some of them are a bit difficult to understand but they are representative of _wlang_
|
9
|
-
powerfulness (don't be affraid: in practice, some constructions are never used). Don't forget
|
10
|
-
that the <tt>wlang/dummy</tt> dialect does not recognize any tag. We also assume instantiation
|
11
|
-
data to be the following hash:
|
12
|
-
{"name" => "O'Neil",
|
13
|
-
"author" => "blambeau"
|
14
|
-
"authors" => ["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]}
|
15
|
-
|
16
|
-
Moreover, the dialect column in the examples is important; _wlang_ behaves differently
|
17
|
-
in different dialects. When the dialect does not care, we use <tt>wlang/*</tt> which means
|
18
|
-
'in any dialect that includes this ruleset'.
|
19
|
-
|
20
|
-
Next, certain rule definitions are given as shortcuts for longer expressions, involving other tags.
|
21
|
-
This is somewhat representative of _wlang_ usage, even if these rules are not actually implemented
|
22
|
-
this way (mainly for efficiency concerns). Once again, understanding shortcuts will help you
|
23
|
-
mastering wlang! In definitions (textual as well as shortcuts), we use #1, #2, and #3 to refer to
|
24
|
-
the content of the blocks. Those identifiers are not real _wlang_ constructs, but are only used here for
|
25
|
-
easier explanations (for those who know this kind of vocabulary: they are part of the meta-language,
|
26
|
-
not the language <em>per se</em>).
|
27
|
-
|
28
|
-
Lastly, dialect names that appear in rule signatures are to be interpreted as an implicit dialect
|
29
|
-
modulation: the corresponding block (often the first one) is not instantiated in the current dialect
|
30
|
-
but in the one specified by the signature. In contrast, when we use '...' it means that the
|
31
|
-
corresponding block is simply instantiated in the current dialect. Implicit dialect modulation is
|
32
|
-
in fact natural: if a block expects an uri for example, the easiest way is to give
|
33
|
-
it exactly: <tt><<{a/file/to/include.txt}</tt>. But you can even compute it using _wlang_, as illustrated
|
34
|
-
by the example below. In complex situations you will probably be happy to use a dialect that helps you
|
35
|
-
doing so (think at all blocks that expect an expression in the hosting language, for example)!
|
36
|
-
|
37
|
-
# Concatenates all files of the 'files' array variable
|
38
|
-
*{files as f}{<<{+{f}}}
|
39
|
-
|
40
|
-
}}
|
41
|
-
<<={examples.rb as examples}
|
42
|
-
*{spec.rulesets as ruleset}{
|
43
|
-
<h3 id="${ruleset.name}">${ruleset.name}</h3>
|
44
|
-
^{rdoc/div}{${ruleset.description}}
|
45
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
46
|
-
<tr>
|
47
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
48
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
49
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
50
|
-
</tr>
|
51
|
-
*{ruleset.rules as rule}{
|
52
|
-
<tr>
|
53
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>${rule.signature}</tt></td>
|
54
|
-
<td class="name">+{rule.name}</td>
|
55
|
-
<td class="definition">^{rdoc/nop}{+{rule.definition}}</td>
|
56
|
-
</tr>
|
57
|
-
}
|
58
|
-
</table>
|
59
|
-
|
60
|
-
?{ruleset.examples}{
|
61
|
-
<br/>
|
62
|
-
<h4>Examples:</h4>
|
63
|
-
<table class="examples">
|
64
|
-
<tr>
|
65
|
-
<th>dialect</th>
|
66
|
-
<th>wlang expression</th>
|
67
|
-
<th>replacement value</th>
|
68
|
-
</tr>
|
69
|
-
*{ruleset.examples as example}{
|
70
|
-
<tr>
|
71
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
72
|
-
<tt>${example[0]}</tt>
|
73
|
-
</td>
|
74
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
75
|
-
<tt>${example[1]}</tt>
|
76
|
-
</td>
|
77
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
78
|
-
#={dialect}{?{example[0] == "wlang/*"}{wlang/xhtml}{+{example[0]}}}{
|
79
|
-
<tt>%!{+{dialect} using examples}{+{example[1]}}</tt>
|
80
|
-
}
|
81
|
-
</td>
|
82
|
-
</tr>
|
83
|
-
}
|
84
|
-
</table>
|
85
|
-
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
|
86
|
-
}
|
87
|
-
}
|
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
|
1
|
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body {
|
2
|
-
font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif;
|
3
|
-
font-size: 14px;
|
4
|
-
width: 1024px;
|
5
|
-
margin: auto;
|
6
|
-
margin-top: 20px;
|
7
|
-
}
|
8
|
-
.clear { clear: both; }
|
9
|
-
p { margin: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; }
|
10
|
-
#title { float: left; margin: 10px 0px 20px 0px; }
|
11
|
-
#tabs { float: right; margin: 15px 0px; }
|
12
|
-
#tabs li { display: block; float: right; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; }
|
13
|
-
#tabs li.focus { background-color: #A00000; color: white; }
|
14
|
-
dl dt { margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; }
|
15
|
-
div.header { border-bottom: 1px solid black; margin: 10px 0px; }
|
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|
-
h2 { float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
|
17
|
-
h3 { margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-decoration: underline;}
|
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|
-
dl { padding-left: 35px; }
|
19
|
-
ul { padding: 0px 0px 0px 25px; }
|
20
|
-
ul li { margin: 5px;}
|
21
|
-
ul.links { float: right; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
|
22
|
-
ul.links li { cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; padding-top: 5px; display: block; float: right; }
|
23
|
-
ul.links li a, ul.links li a:visited { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
|
24
|
-
ul.links li a:hover { color: #A00000; }
|
25
|
-
h3 { margin-bottom: 5px; }
|
26
|
-
h4 { margin-bottom: 3px; float: left; margin-top: 0px; }
|
27
|
-
table { border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid black; }
|
28
|
-
table th { font-size: 12px; }
|
29
|
-
table th, table td { padding: 4px; }
|
30
|
-
table.glossary { margin-top: 20px; }
|
31
|
-
table.glossary th { background: green; color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid black; }
|
32
|
-
table.glossary th.term { width: 100px; }
|
33
|
-
table.glossary td { border-bottom: 1px dashed black; }
|
34
|
-
table.symbols { font-size: 12px; margin-top: 20px; width: 100%; }
|
35
|
-
table.symbols th { background: green; color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid black; }
|
36
|
-
table.symbols th.name { width: 150px; }
|
37
|
-
table.symbols th.symbol { width: 50px; }
|
38
|
-
table.symbols th.meaning { width: 250px; }
|
39
|
-
table.symbols td { border-bottom: 1px dashed black; }
|
40
|
-
table.ruleset { font-size: 12px; }
|
41
|
-
table.ruleset th { background: green; color: white; }
|
42
|
-
table.ruleset td { border-bottom: 1px dashed black; }
|
43
|
-
th.signature, td.signature { width: 300px; }
|
44
|
-
th.name, td.name { width: 120px; }
|
45
|
-
th.definition, td.definition { width: 580px; }
|
46
|
-
table.examples { float: right; font-size: 12px; }
|
47
|
-
table.examples th { background: #A00000; color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid black; }
|
48
|
-
table.examples th, table.examples td { padding: 4px; }
|
49
|
-
table.examples td { border-bottom: 1px dashed black; }
|
50
|
-
th.dialect, td.dialect { width: 150px; }
|
51
|
-
th.expression, td.expression { width: 350px; }
|
52
|
-
th.replacement, td.replacement { width: 350px; }
|
53
|
-
div.dialect {padding-left: 20px;}
|
@@ -1,1690 +0,0 @@
|
|
1
|
-
|
2
|
-
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
3
|
-
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
4
|
-
<head>
|
5
|
-
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
|
6
|
-
<title>WLang (version 0.10.1)</title>
|
7
|
-
<style type="text/css">
|
8
|
-
body {
|
9
|
-
font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif;
|
10
|
-
font-size: 14px;
|
11
|
-
width: 1024px;
|
12
|
-
margin: auto;
|
13
|
-
margin-top: 20px;
|
14
|
-
}
|
15
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<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"><!--
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var current = 'about'
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//--></script>
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</head>
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<body onload="show('about')">
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<h1 id="title">WLang (version 0.10.1)</h1>
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<ul id="tabs">
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<li id="symbolsfocus" onclick="show('symbols')">Tag symbols</li>
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<li id="glossaryfocus" onclick="show('glossary')">Glossary</li>
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<li id="hostingfocus" onclick="show('hosting')">Hosting language</li>
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<li id="dialectsfocus" onclick="show('dialects')">Dialects</li>
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<li id="rulesetsfocus" onclick="show('rulesets')">Rulesets</li>
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<li id="overviewfocus" onclick="show('overview')">Overview</li>
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<li id="aboutfocus" onclick="show('about')">About</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="header">
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<h2>About</h2>
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<div class="clear"></div>
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</div>
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<p>
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WLang is a a reusable and extensible <em>code generator</em>, also known as
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a <em>templating engine</em>. Motivation for it can be found at <a
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href="http://www.revision-zero.org/wlang">www.revision-zero.org/wlang</a>.
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The current file is the reference of the tool.
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</p>
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<h3>Topics</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt>Short overview</dt><dd><p>
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Probably the first section to read! Basic usage of <em>wlang</em> is
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explained here and pointers are given to continue your learning.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Rulesets</dt><dd><p>
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Standard rulesets are specified. As most of them are included in standard
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dialects, looking at standard rulesets is the quickest way to learn all of
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them at once.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Dialects</dt><dd><p>
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Standard dialects are described. This page also provides useful cheatsheets
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of available tags in standard dialects.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Hosting language</dt><dd><p>
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Somewhat more tricky but powerful. The notion of hosting language is
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explained more deeply. Implementing you own hosting language abstraction
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(advanced topic) sometimes leads to cleaner and cross-implementation
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templates.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Glossary</dt><dd><p>
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<em>wlang</em> comes with a terminology, knowing it will make your reading
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easier.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Symbols</dt><dd><p>
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If you plan to create your own tags, it can be useful to know what is
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allowed and what is not. This pages covers this topic.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3>About this document</h3>
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<p>
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This document is a simple .html file without external dependencies
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(embedded CSS and javascript). As it contains several cheatsheets, you can
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simply save it on your harddisk without having to be online to browse the
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documentation. It has been generated using <em>wlang</em> itself using the
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following command:
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</p>
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<pre>
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wlang specification.wtpl
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</pre>
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<p>
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The file ‘specification.wtpl’ is almost empty and other files
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next to it are all kept simple and written in the most appropriate format
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for the task at hand (YAML for structured parts, RDoc for text sections,
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sometimes YAML embedding short sentences writted in RDoc style, etc.). One
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way to learn <em>wlang</em> quickly is to download the source distribution
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and to look how this is made possible ;-)
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</p>
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<p>
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This reference document is under a <a
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href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/be/">Creative Commons
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Licence 2.0</a> contract. You can use it, redistribute it and modify it
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providing that you keep a reference to the original licensor (namely, the
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‘University of Louvain’ or ‘Bernard and Louis
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Lambeau’).
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</p>
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<p>
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Enjoy <em>wlang</em> !
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</p>
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<h3>Distribution</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><p>
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The reference implementation of <em>wlang</em>, implemented in Ruby, is
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freely available as a ‘wlang’ gem (under MIT licence). <br/>
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Use <tt>'gem install wlang'</tt> to install it. For repository and bug
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tracker visit us on <a href="http://github.com/blambeau/wlang">github</a>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>
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We don’t have another implementation up to now. If you plan to start
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one in another language, let us know!
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Authors</h3>
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<p>
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<em>wlang</em> has been initially designed by Bernard and Louis Lambeau
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during the implementation of w@w, yet another web framework (proof of
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concept). They are also maintainers of the reference implementation.
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</p>
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<h3>Credits</h3>
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<p>
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This work is supported by the <a
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href="http://www.uclouvain.be/en-ingi.html">department of computer
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science</a> of the <a
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href="http://www.uclouvain.be/en-index.html">University of Louvain</a>
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(EPL/INGI, Universite Catholique de Louvain, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve,
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Belgium).
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</p>
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<p>
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This work was also partially supported by the Regional Government of
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Wallonia (ReQuest project, RW Conv. 315592 and GISELE project, RW Conv.
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616425) and the MoVES project (PAI program of the Belgian government).
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</p>
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</div>
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<div id="overview" style="display: none;">
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<div class="header">
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<h2>Overview</h2>
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<div class="clear"></div>
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</div>
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<h3>What is <em>wlang</em> designed for?</h3>
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<p>
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<em>wlang</em> helps you <b>generating code</b>, in a broad sense. It was
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originally the templating engine of w@w, a proof-of-concept web framework.
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While more powerful than the original version, the <b>templating
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engine</b> ability of <em>wlang</em> has been kept unchanged. For this
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reason, generating html code with <em>wlang</em> is probably a bit more
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mature than generating ruby, java or sql code, to take some examples of
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what <em>wlang</em> can do. It is the author opinion that <em>wlang</em>
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will also become mature quiclky for these tasks because of its foundations:
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<b>its engine is generic</b> (in a sense, <em>wlang</em> does not really
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care about what it generates) but is <b>fully and easily configurable</b>.
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Generation of html files is mature because <em>wlang</em> has been used a
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lot for such a job; thus its authors have acquired experience of what is
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useful when generating simple as well as complex html files. This
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experience led us to a mature configuration of the <em>wlang</em> engine
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for generating html files, as the following paragraph illustrates (for
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people interested in generating code in other languages than html,
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don’t stop your reading here: the paragraph immediately following
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contains information for you!)
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</p>
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<p>
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Consider this file for example, which is completely self-contained. It
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consists of several parts, some of them being structured - the tables for
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example - while others are not. It also embeds a complete CSS stylesheet
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and some javascript functions. We have not written this file manually, nor
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do we maintain it this way. In fact, this reference document is entirely
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generated by <em>wlang</em> itself from separated parts written mainly in
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yaml and rdoc files. Also, the cheatsheets given later contains a lot of
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examples. To ensure that all of them are correct, we simply ask
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<em>wlang</em> to compute them during generation (technically, we say that
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<b><em>wlang</em> naturally allows metaprogramming</b>). Lastly, if
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<em>wlang</em> can be used inside a web framework, it can also be used as
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a standalone (commandline) tool for generating single files like this one
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or multiple files, even if all of them are of different nature.
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</p>
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<p>
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<b>Maybe you are looking for a code generator for another language than
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html</b> (which one does not really care, unless really specific; we call
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it the <em>target language</em>)? Don’t be affraid by our previous
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words about <em>wlang</em>’s maturity: even in such a case,
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<em>wlang</em> is your friend. Start with an existing dialect (see later
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about dialects), which will provide basic utilities for starting and try
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to identify common patterns when you use them. Then simply create special
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shortcuts that are more friendly to use than combining several existing
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utils … you are on the way of creating your own mature and reusable
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dialect for that target language. In this case, don’t forget to
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share it …
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</p>
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<h3>Template and instantiation</h3>
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<p>
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The <em>wlang</em> grammar used to write a <em>template</em> is generic and
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simple: every character stands for itself (meaning that it is reproduced
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exactly when the template is instantiated) except <em>tags</em> (and their
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associated <em>blocks</em>, enclosed between ’{’ and
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’}’) that are replaced by what is called the <em>replacement
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value</em>. Consider the following example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>${title}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello *{authors as who}{${who}}{, } !</h1>
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</body>
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</html>
|
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</pre>
|
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<p>
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Assume that we have some instantitation data through the following hash (or
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something similar, like a YAML file):
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</p>
|
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<pre>
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{"title" => "Short overview of wlang", "authors" => ["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]}
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</pre>
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<p>
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When instantiated this template will produce exactly the same html file
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except for special tags <tt>${title}</tt> and <tt>*{whos as who}{${who}}{,
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}</tt> that will be replaced by <tt>'Short overview of wlang'</tt> and
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<tt>'blambeau, llambeau, ancailliau'</tt>, respectively. A lot of tags is
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available, each of them being designed for a specific task: inserting the
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value of a variable, iterating over collections, including another file,
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dynamically loading instantiation data, etc. All of these things are
|
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commonly proposed by templating engines and <em>wlang</em> is one of them
|
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… However, <em>wlang</em> is a bit different as will quickly appear.
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</p>
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<p>
|
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Indeed (and maybe surprisingly) <em>wlang</em> can also behave really
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differently on the same template: replacing <tt>${title}</tt> but not
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<tt>*{...}</tt> or the converse, or not replacing anything, or replacing
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both tags but not <tt>${who}</tt>, etc. All of this is possible in
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<em>wlang</em>. The magic relies under the notion of <em>dialect</em>,
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which you need to understand.
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</p>
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<h3>Dialects and Rulesets</h3>
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<p>
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The notion of dialect drives the recognition of tags as well as their
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replacement during instantiation. Dialects are what makes <em>wlang</em>
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really powerful: if instantiated as being written in the
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<tt>wlang/xhtml</tt> dialect, the template above will give the result
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mentionned previously. In contrast, if written in <tt>wlang/dummy</tt> the
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template will be reproduced whitout any change (no tag replacement at all).
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This behavior is not hardcoded; it results from the definition of wlang
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(standard) dialects: <tt>wlang/xhtml</tt> define special meanings for
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<tt>${...}</tt> and <tt>*{...}{...}{...}</tt> while <tt>wlang/dummy</tt>
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does not.
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</p>
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<p>
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The replacement of a given <em>tag</em> during instantiation is computed by
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what we call the <em>rule</em> attached to the tag (keeping rules and tags
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as different concepts leads to another feature of <em>wlang</em>: you can
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reuse rule implementations and attach them to other tags than those
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proposed). A dialect comes with a set of (tag, rule) pairs that determine
|
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|
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its replacement behavior. Such a set is called a <em>ruleset</em>; for
|
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|
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easier reuse, standard rulesets are already implemented. A dialect is a
|
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|
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packaging of standard rulesets (and maybe implements specific tag/rule
|
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|
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pairs) designed for generating code in a given target language.
|
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|
-
</p>
|
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-
<pre>
|
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|
-
|
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|
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</pre>
|
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|
-
<p>
|
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|
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A complete <em>wlang</em> implementation already provides standard dialects
|
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|
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for common tasks: creating html pages, building SQL queries, generating
|
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|
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code in Ruby or in another language, etc. Each dialect comes with special
|
345
|
-
tags that are useful for the task at hand (a tag for back-quoting values is
|
346
|
-
useful for creating SQL queries but does not really makes sense for
|
347
|
-
generating an html page where, in contrast, a tag for encoding entities is
|
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|
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probably welcome). Such an implementation also allows you to extend
|
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|
-
standard dialects and to create your own dialect by implementing specific
|
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|
-
tags and rules or by reusing existing ones. Lastlty, the dialect in used
|
351
|
-
during instantiation can be changed dynamically (<em>explicitly</em>, by
|
352
|
-
using the <tt>%{dialect/qualified/name}{...}</tt> standard tag and
|
353
|
-
<em>implicitly</em>, when rules parse their blocks).
|
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|
-
</p>
|
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|
-
<p>
|
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|
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To learn more about standard dialects and reusable rules, read the
|
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|
-
‘Dialects’ and ‘Rulesets’ pages of this
|
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|
-
documentation.
|
359
|
-
</p>
|
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|
-
<h3>Grammar</h3>
|
361
|
-
<p>
|
362
|
-
The (abstract) <em>wlang</em> grammar rules what forms a valid template. At
|
363
|
-
first glance, this grammar does not depend on the dialect that is used for
|
364
|
-
instantiation. It is simple, but comes with some constraints that are
|
365
|
-
explained below:
|
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|
-
</p>
|
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|
-
<ul>
|
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|
-
<li><p>
|
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|
-
block delimiters are ’{’ and ’}’ by default;
|
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|
-
<em>wlang</em> can be configured to use ’(’ and ’)’
|
371
|
-
or ’[’ and ’]’ instead. However, block
|
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|
-
<b>delimiters are template-specific</b>: only one kind of delimiters can be
|
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|
-
used inside the same template.
|
374
|
-
</p>
|
375
|
-
</li>
|
376
|
-
<li><p>
|
377
|
-
block delimiters <b>must always be paired</b>, even when not used for
|
378
|
-
delimiting blocks. If an opening or closing delimiter is not paired, it
|
379
|
-
must be escaped with a backslash, which will not be reproduced. If you want
|
380
|
-
a backslash to appear before a block delimiter in the instantiation result,
|
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|
-
use a double backslash.
|
382
|
-
</p>
|
383
|
-
</li>
|
384
|
-
<li><p>
|
385
|
-
if a given tag has a special meaning in the current dialect and you
|
386
|
-
don’t want it to be replaced by <em>wlang</em> you can escape it with
|
387
|
-
a backslash as well (the backslash will not be reproduced).
|
388
|
-
</p>
|
389
|
-
</li>
|
390
|
-
<li><p>
|
391
|
-
some tags (precisely: some rules associated with tags) require multiple
|
392
|
-
blocks (like <tt>*{...}{...}{...}</tt> in <tt>wlang/xhtml</tt> for
|
393
|
-
example, with the third block bein optional). In such a case no character
|
394
|
-
is allowed between the end of a block ’}’ and the start of the
|
395
|
-
next one ’{’, not even spaces or a carriage return. In other
|
396
|
-
words, multiple blocks (that must be interpreted as such) must touch each
|
397
|
-
others using ’}{’ precisely, as ilustrated below. If a
|
398
|
-
non-optional block is missing a parse error is raised by the <em>wlang</em>
|
399
|
-
implementation.
|
400
|
-
</p>
|
401
|
-
<pre>
|
402
|
-
|
403
|
-
*{authors as who}{${who}}{, } -> blambeau, llambeau, ancailliau
|
404
|
-
*{authors as who}{${who}} {, } -> blambeaullambeauancailliau {, }
|
405
|
-
*{authors as who} {${who}}{, } -> parse error 1:18, missing block 2 in *{...}{...}
|
406
|
-
</pre>
|
407
|
-
</li>
|
408
|
-
</ul>
|
409
|
-
<p>
|
410
|
-
In addition to these constraints, dialects and the hosting language may
|
411
|
-
impose restrictions on what can be put inside specific blocks of tags/rules
|
412
|
-
(for example, ‘authors as who’ is valid as first tag of
|
413
|
-
<tt>*{...}{...}</tt> but not every string is, of course). These
|
414
|
-
constraints are not specific to the wlang grammar <em>per se</em> and are
|
415
|
-
explained in the ‘Rulesets’, ‘Dialects’ and
|
416
|
-
‘Hosting language’ pages of this document.
|
417
|
-
</p>
|
418
|
-
|
419
|
-
|
420
|
-
</div>
|
421
|
-
|
422
|
-
<div id="rulesets" style="display: none;">
|
423
|
-
<div class="header">
|
424
|
-
<h2>Rulesets</h2>
|
425
|
-
|
426
|
-
<ul class="links">
|
427
|
-
<li><a href="#Buffering">Buffering</a></li><li><a href="#Context">Context</a></li><li><a href="#Imperative">Imperative</a></li><li><a href="#Encoding">Encoding</a></li><li><a href="#Basic">Basic</a></li>
|
428
|
-
</ul>
|
429
|
-
|
430
|
-
<div class="clear"></div>
|
431
|
-
</div>
|
432
|
-
|
433
|
-
<p>
|
434
|
-
Standard ruleset are designed to be reusable: including them in your own
|
435
|
-
dialect is made easy by a typical <em>wlang</em> implementation. Some of
|
436
|
-
them are also included by standard dialects.
|
437
|
-
</p>
|
438
|
-
<h3>How to read this cheatsheet?</h3>
|
439
|
-
<p>
|
440
|
-
First of all, focus on the examples; they are written to let you learn
|
441
|
-
<em>wlang</em> quickly and deeply. Some of them are a bit difficult to
|
442
|
-
understand but they are representative of <em>wlang</em> powerfulness
|
443
|
-
(don’t be affraid: in practice, some constructions are never used).
|
444
|
-
Don’t forget that the <tt>wlang/dummy</tt> dialect does not recognize
|
445
|
-
any tag. We also assume instantiation data to be the following hash:
|
446
|
-
</p>
|
447
|
-
<pre>
|
448
|
-
{"name" => "O'Neil",
|
449
|
-
"author" => "blambeau"
|
450
|
-
"authors" => ["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]}
|
451
|
-
</pre>
|
452
|
-
<p>
|
453
|
-
Moreover, the dialect column in the examples is important; <em>wlang</em>
|
454
|
-
behaves differently in different dialects. When the dialect does not care,
|
455
|
-
we use <tt>wlang/*</tt> which means ‘in any dialect that includes
|
456
|
-
this ruleset’.
|
457
|
-
</p>
|
458
|
-
<p>
|
459
|
-
Next, certain rule definitions are given as shortcuts for longer
|
460
|
-
expressions, involving other tags. This is somewhat representative of
|
461
|
-
<em>wlang</em> usage, even if these rules are not actually implemented
|
462
|
-
this way (mainly for efficiency concerns). Once again, understanding
|
463
|
-
shortcuts will help you mastering wlang! In definitions (textual as well
|
464
|
-
as shortcuts), we use #1, #2, and #3 to refer to the content of the
|
465
|
-
blocks. Those identifiers are not real <em>wlang</em> constructs, but are
|
466
|
-
only used here for easier explanations (for those who know this kind of
|
467
|
-
vocabulary: they are part of the meta-language, not the language <em>per
|
468
|
-
se</em>).
|
469
|
-
</p>
|
470
|
-
<p>
|
471
|
-
Lastly, dialect names that appear in rule signatures are to be interpreted
|
472
|
-
as an implicit dialect modulation: the corresponding block (often the
|
473
|
-
first one) is not instantiated in the current dialect but in the one
|
474
|
-
specified by the signature. In contrast, when we use ’…’
|
475
|
-
it means that the corresponding block is simply instantiated in the
|
476
|
-
current dialect. Implicit dialect modulation is in fact natural: if a block
|
477
|
-
expects an uri for example, the easiest way is to give it exactly:
|
478
|
-
<tt><<{a/file/to/include.txt}</tt>. But you can even compute it using
|
479
|
-
<em>wlang</em>, as illustrated by the example below. In complex situations
|
480
|
-
you will probably be happy to use a dialect that helps you doing so (think
|
481
|
-
at all blocks that expect an expression in the hosting language, for
|
482
|
-
example)!
|
483
|
-
</p>
|
484
|
-
<pre>
|
485
|
-
# Concatenates all files of the 'files' array variable
|
486
|
-
*{files as f}{<<{+{f}}}
|
487
|
-
</pre>
|
488
|
-
|
489
|
-
|
490
|
-
|
491
|
-
<h3 id="Basic">Basic</h3>
|
492
|
-
<p>
|
493
|
-
The Basic ruleset is commonly installed on any dialect and provides access
|
494
|
-
to <em>wlang</em> foundations inside your template: requesting the hosting
|
495
|
-
language to execute some expression, changing the current dialect and
|
496
|
-
encoding text.
|
497
|
-
</p>
|
498
|
-
|
499
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
500
|
-
<tr>
|
501
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
502
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
503
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
504
|
-
</tr>
|
505
|
-
|
506
|
-
<tr>
|
507
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>!{wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
508
|
-
<td class="name">execution</td>
|
509
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an expression of the hosting language.
|
510
|
-
Evaluates it, looking for any object. Converts it to a string (using to_s
|
511
|
-
for example if Ruby is the hosting language) and returns the result as
|
512
|
-
replacement value.</td>
|
513
|
-
</tr>
|
514
|
-
|
515
|
-
<tr>
|
516
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>%{wlang/active-string}{...}</tt></td>
|
517
|
-
<td class="name">modulation</td>
|
518
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for a dialect qualified name. Instantiates #2
|
519
|
-
according to the rules defined by that dialect and returns the #2’s
|
520
|
-
instantiation as replacement value.</td>
|
521
|
-
</tr>
|
522
|
-
|
523
|
-
<tr>
|
524
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>^{wlang/active-string}{...}</tt></td>
|
525
|
-
<td class="name">encoding</td>
|
526
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an encoder qualified name. Instantiates #2 in
|
527
|
-
the current dialect. Encode #2’s instantiation using encoder found in
|
528
|
-
(#1) and returns encoding as replacement value.</td>
|
529
|
-
</tr>
|
530
|
-
|
531
|
-
<tr>
|
532
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>%!{wlang/active-string <using>? <with>?}{...}</tt></td>
|
533
|
-
<td class="name">recursive-application</td>
|
534
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for a dialect qualified name. Instantiates #2 in
|
535
|
-
the current dialect. Instantiates #2’s instantiation in the dialect
|
536
|
-
found in #1, using context installed by ‘using …’ and
|
537
|
-
‘with …’. Returns this instantiation as replacement
|
538
|
-
value (this really advanced rule allows metaprogramming).</td>
|
539
|
-
</tr>
|
540
|
-
|
541
|
-
<tr>
|
542
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>${wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
543
|
-
<td class="name">injection</td>
|
544
|
-
<td class="definition">Same semantics as execution (intended to be overrided).</td>
|
545
|
-
</tr>
|
546
|
-
|
547
|
-
<tr>
|
548
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>+{wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
549
|
-
<td class="name">inclusion</td>
|
550
|
-
<td class="definition">Same semantics as execution (intended to be overrided).</td>
|
551
|
-
</tr>
|
552
|
-
|
553
|
-
</table>
|
554
|
-
|
555
|
-
|
556
|
-
<br/>
|
557
|
-
<h4>Examples:</h4>
|
558
|
-
<table class="examples">
|
559
|
-
<tr>
|
560
|
-
<th>dialect</th>
|
561
|
-
<th>wlang expression</th>
|
562
|
-
<th>replacement value</th>
|
563
|
-
</tr>
|
564
|
-
|
565
|
-
<tr>
|
566
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
567
|
-
<tt>wlang/active-string</tt>
|
568
|
-
</td>
|
569
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
570
|
-
<tt>Hello !{name}</tt>
|
571
|
-
</td>
|
572
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
573
|
-
|
574
|
-
<tt>Hello O'Neil</tt>
|
575
|
-
|
576
|
-
</td>
|
577
|
-
</tr>
|
578
|
-
|
579
|
-
<tr>
|
580
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
581
|
-
<tt>wlang/active-string</tt>
|
582
|
-
</td>
|
583
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
584
|
-
<tt>Hello %{wlang/dummy}{!{name}}</tt>
|
585
|
-
</td>
|
586
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
587
|
-
|
588
|
-
<tt>Hello !{name}</tt>
|
589
|
-
|
590
|
-
</td>
|
591
|
-
</tr>
|
592
|
-
|
593
|
-
<tr>
|
594
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
595
|
-
<tt>wlang/dummy</tt>
|
596
|
-
</td>
|
597
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
598
|
-
<tt>Hello %{wlang/dummy}{!{name}}</tt>
|
599
|
-
</td>
|
600
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
601
|
-
|
602
|
-
<tt>Hello %{wlang/dummy}{!{name}}</tt>
|
603
|
-
|
604
|
-
</td>
|
605
|
-
</tr>
|
606
|
-
|
607
|
-
<tr>
|
608
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
609
|
-
<tt>wlang/active-string</tt>
|
610
|
-
</td>
|
611
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
612
|
-
<tt>Hello ^{plain-text/upcase}{${name}}</tt>
|
613
|
-
</td>
|
614
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
615
|
-
|
616
|
-
<tt>Hello O'NEIL</tt>
|
617
|
-
|
618
|
-
</td>
|
619
|
-
</tr>
|
620
|
-
|
621
|
-
<tr>
|
622
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
623
|
-
<tt>wlang/ruby</tt>
|
624
|
-
</td>
|
625
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
626
|
-
<tt>puts +{name}</tt>
|
627
|
-
</td>
|
628
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
629
|
-
|
630
|
-
<tt>puts "O'Neil"</tt>
|
631
|
-
|
632
|
-
</td>
|
633
|
-
</tr>
|
634
|
-
|
635
|
-
<tr>
|
636
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
637
|
-
<tt>wlang/ruby</tt>
|
638
|
-
</td>
|
639
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
640
|
-
<tt>puts +{authors}</tt>
|
641
|
-
</td>
|
642
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
643
|
-
|
644
|
-
<tt>puts ["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]</tt>
|
645
|
-
|
646
|
-
</td>
|
647
|
-
</tr>
|
648
|
-
|
649
|
-
</table>
|
650
|
-
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
|
651
|
-
|
652
|
-
|
653
|
-
<h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3>
|
654
|
-
<p>
|
655
|
-
Almost all languages require escaping/encoding in specific situations:
|
656
|
-
quoted string literals always come with an escaping mechanism
|
657
|
-
(unfortunately different from one language to another), html requires
|
658
|
-
entities-encoding, etc. The Encoding ruleset proposes shortcut tags for
|
659
|
-
encoding. Note that these shortcuts are written in such a way that they
|
660
|
-
don’t depend on the effective dialect. <em>wlang</em> hides language
|
661
|
-
and vendors differences!
|
662
|
-
</p>
|
663
|
-
|
664
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
665
|
-
<tr>
|
666
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
667
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
668
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
669
|
-
</tr>
|
670
|
-
|
671
|
-
<tr>
|
672
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>&{...}</tt></td>
|
673
|
-
<td class="name">main-encoding</td>
|
674
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>^{+{@parser.current_dialect}/main-encoding}{#1}</tt></td>
|
675
|
-
</tr>
|
676
|
-
|
677
|
-
<tr>
|
678
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>&;{...}</tt></td>
|
679
|
-
<td class="name">entities-encoding</td>
|
680
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>^{+{@parser.current_dialect}/entities-encoding}{#1}</tt></td>
|
681
|
-
</tr>
|
682
|
-
|
683
|
-
<tr>
|
684
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>&'{...}</tt></td>
|
685
|
-
<td class="name">single-quoting</td>
|
686
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>^{+{@parser.current_dialect}/single-quoting}{#1}</tt></td>
|
687
|
-
</tr>
|
688
|
-
|
689
|
-
<tr>
|
690
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>&"{...}</tt></td>
|
691
|
-
<td class="name">double-quoting</td>
|
692
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>^{+{@parser.current_dialect}/double-quoting}{#1}</tt></td>
|
693
|
-
</tr>
|
694
|
-
|
695
|
-
<tr>
|
696
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>${wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
697
|
-
<td class="name">injection</td>
|
698
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>&{+{#1}}</tt></td>
|
699
|
-
</tr>
|
700
|
-
|
701
|
-
<tr>
|
702
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>'{wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
703
|
-
<td class="name">single-quoted</td>
|
704
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>'&'{+{#1}}</tt> (first single quote is kept in the result)</td>
|
705
|
-
</tr>
|
706
|
-
|
707
|
-
<tr>
|
708
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>"{wlang/hosted}</tt></td>
|
709
|
-
<td class="name">double-quoted</td>
|
710
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>"&"{+{#1}}</tt> (first double quote is kept in the
|
711
|
-
result)</td>
|
712
|
-
</tr>
|
713
|
-
|
714
|
-
</table>
|
715
|
-
|
716
|
-
|
717
|
-
<br/>
|
718
|
-
<h4>Examples:</h4>
|
719
|
-
<table class="examples">
|
720
|
-
<tr>
|
721
|
-
<th>dialect</th>
|
722
|
-
<th>wlang expression</th>
|
723
|
-
<th>replacement value</th>
|
724
|
-
</tr>
|
725
|
-
|
726
|
-
<tr>
|
727
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
728
|
-
<tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
729
|
-
</td>
|
730
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
731
|
-
<tt>Hello &{name}</tt>
|
732
|
-
</td>
|
733
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
734
|
-
|
735
|
-
<tt>Hello name</tt>
|
736
|
-
|
737
|
-
</td>
|
738
|
-
</tr>
|
739
|
-
|
740
|
-
<tr>
|
741
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
742
|
-
<tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
743
|
-
</td>
|
744
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
745
|
-
<tt>Hello &{<script>}</tt>
|
746
|
-
</td>
|
747
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
748
|
-
|
749
|
-
<tt>Hello <script></tt>
|
750
|
-
|
751
|
-
</td>
|
752
|
-
</tr>
|
753
|
-
|
754
|
-
<tr>
|
755
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
756
|
-
<tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
757
|
-
</td>
|
758
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
759
|
-
<tt>Hello &;{<script>}</tt>
|
760
|
-
</td>
|
761
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
762
|
-
|
763
|
-
<tt>Hello <script></tt>
|
764
|
-
|
765
|
-
</td>
|
766
|
-
</tr>
|
767
|
-
|
768
|
-
<tr>
|
769
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
770
|
-
<tt>wlang/ruby</tt>
|
771
|
-
</td>
|
772
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
773
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello &'{name}'</tt>
|
774
|
-
</td>
|
775
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
776
|
-
|
777
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello name'</tt>
|
778
|
-
|
779
|
-
</td>
|
780
|
-
</tr>
|
781
|
-
|
782
|
-
<tr>
|
783
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
784
|
-
<tt>wlang/ruby</tt>
|
785
|
-
</td>
|
786
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
787
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello &'{!{name}}'</tt>
|
788
|
-
</td>
|
789
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
790
|
-
|
791
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello O\'Neil'</tt>
|
792
|
-
|
793
|
-
</td>
|
794
|
-
</tr>
|
795
|
-
|
796
|
-
<tr>
|
797
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
798
|
-
<tt>wlang/ruby</tt>
|
799
|
-
</td>
|
800
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
801
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello ' << '{name}'</tt>
|
802
|
-
</td>
|
803
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
804
|
-
|
805
|
-
<tt>puts 'Hello ' << 'O\'Neil'</tt>
|
806
|
-
|
807
|
-
</td>
|
808
|
-
</tr>
|
809
|
-
|
810
|
-
<tr>
|
811
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
812
|
-
<tt>wlang/sql</tt>
|
813
|
-
</td>
|
814
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
815
|
-
<tt>... WHERE name='{name}'</tt>
|
816
|
-
</td>
|
817
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
818
|
-
|
819
|
-
<tt>... WHERE name='O\'Neil'</tt>
|
820
|
-
|
821
|
-
</td>
|
822
|
-
</tr>
|
823
|
-
|
824
|
-
<tr>
|
825
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
826
|
-
<tt>wlang/sql/sybase</tt>
|
827
|
-
</td>
|
828
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
829
|
-
<tt>... WHERE name='{name}'</tt>
|
830
|
-
</td>
|
831
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
832
|
-
|
833
|
-
<tt>... WHERE name='O''Neil'</tt>
|
834
|
-
|
835
|
-
</td>
|
836
|
-
</tr>
|
837
|
-
|
838
|
-
</table>
|
839
|
-
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
|
840
|
-
|
841
|
-
|
842
|
-
<h3 id="Imperative">Imperative</h3>
|
843
|
-
<p>
|
844
|
-
Instantiating conditionally and iterating collection elements are common
|
845
|
-
code generation tasks. The Imperative dialect provides these features.
|
846
|
-
</p>
|
847
|
-
|
848
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
849
|
-
<tr>
|
850
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
851
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
852
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
853
|
-
</tr>
|
854
|
-
|
855
|
-
<tr>
|
856
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>?{wlang/hosted}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
857
|
-
<td class="name">conditional<br/>(third block is optional)</td>
|
858
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an expression in the hosting language.
|
859
|
-
Evaluates it, looking for a boolean value (according to boolean semantics
|
860
|
-
of the hosting language). If true, instantiates #2, otherwise instantiates
|
861
|
-
#3 if present, returning instantiation as replacement value.</td>
|
862
|
-
</tr>
|
863
|
-
|
864
|
-
<tr>
|
865
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>*{wlang/hosted <as x>?}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
866
|
-
<td class="name">enumeration<br/>(third block is optional)</td>
|
867
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an expression in the hosting language.
|
868
|
-
Evaluates it, looking for an enumerable. Iterates all its elements,
|
869
|
-
instantiating #2 for each of them (the iterated value is set under name x
|
870
|
-
in the scope). If #3 is present, it is instantiated between elements.
|
871
|
-
Replacement is the concatenation of all these instantiations.</td>
|
872
|
-
</tr>
|
873
|
-
|
874
|
-
</table>
|
875
|
-
|
876
|
-
|
877
|
-
<br/>
|
878
|
-
<h4>Examples:</h4>
|
879
|
-
<table class="examples">
|
880
|
-
<tr>
|
881
|
-
<th>dialect</th>
|
882
|
-
<th>wlang expression</th>
|
883
|
-
<th>replacement value</th>
|
884
|
-
</tr>
|
885
|
-
|
886
|
-
<tr>
|
887
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
888
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
889
|
-
</td>
|
890
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
891
|
-
<tt>?{true}{then}{else}</tt>
|
892
|
-
</td>
|
893
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
894
|
-
|
895
|
-
<tt>then</tt>
|
896
|
-
|
897
|
-
</td>
|
898
|
-
</tr>
|
899
|
-
|
900
|
-
<tr>
|
901
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
902
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
903
|
-
</td>
|
904
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
905
|
-
<tt>?{/th/ =~ "not tat"}{then}{else}</tt>
|
906
|
-
</td>
|
907
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
908
|
-
|
909
|
-
<tt>else</tt>
|
910
|
-
|
911
|
-
</td>
|
912
|
-
</tr>
|
913
|
-
|
914
|
-
<tr>
|
915
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
916
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
917
|
-
</td>
|
918
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
919
|
-
<tt>?{authors.include? "blambeau"}{yes}{no}</tt>
|
920
|
-
</td>
|
921
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
922
|
-
|
923
|
-
<tt>yes</tt>
|
924
|
-
|
925
|
-
</td>
|
926
|
-
</tr>
|
927
|
-
|
928
|
-
<tr>
|
929
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
930
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
931
|
-
</td>
|
932
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
933
|
-
<tt>[*{authors as a}{"{a}"}{, }]</tt>
|
934
|
-
</td>
|
935
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
936
|
-
|
937
|
-
<tt>["blambeau", "llambeau", "ancailliau"]</tt>
|
938
|
-
|
939
|
-
</td>
|
940
|
-
</tr>
|
941
|
-
|
942
|
-
</table>
|
943
|
-
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
|
944
|
-
|
945
|
-
|
946
|
-
<h3 id="Context">Context</h3>
|
947
|
-
<p>
|
948
|
-
Complex templates come with specific needs. The ability to manipulate the
|
949
|
-
context and the current scope is provided by the Context ruleset. All are
|
950
|
-
variants of ‘saving previous instantiations’ in scope
|
951
|
-
variables…
|
952
|
-
</p>
|
953
|
-
|
954
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
955
|
-
<tr>
|
956
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
957
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
958
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
959
|
-
</tr>
|
960
|
-
|
961
|
-
<tr>
|
962
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>={wlang/hosted <as x>}{...}</tt></td>
|
963
|
-
<td class="name">assignment<br/>(second block is optional)</td>
|
964
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an expression in the hosting language.
|
965
|
-
Evaluates it, looking for any object. Without second block, expands the
|
966
|
-
current scope with ‘x’ being bound to evaluation result.
|
967
|
-
Otherwise, branches the current scope for the second block instantiation
|
968
|
-
only and bind ‘x’ the same way (i.e. x will not be available
|
969
|
-
outside the second block). Returns an empty string as replacement value.</td>
|
970
|
-
</tr>
|
971
|
-
|
972
|
-
<tr>
|
973
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>%={wlang/active-string <as x>}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
974
|
-
<td class="name">modulo-assignment<br/>(third block is optional)</td>
|
975
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for a dialect qualified name. Instantiates #2
|
976
|
-
according to the rules defined by that dialect. Without third block,
|
977
|
-
expands the current scope with ‘x’ being bound to #2’s
|
978
|
-
instantiation. Otherwise, branches the current scope for the third block
|
979
|
-
instantiation only and binds ‘x’ the same way (i.e. x will not
|
980
|
-
be available outside the third block). Returns an empty string as
|
981
|
-
replacement value.</td>
|
982
|
-
</tr>
|
983
|
-
|
984
|
-
<tr>
|
985
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>#={wlang/active-string}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
986
|
-
<td class="name">block-assignment<br/>(third block is optional)</td>
|
987
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>%={+{@parser.current_dialect} as #1}{#2}{#3}</tt></td>
|
988
|
-
</tr>
|
989
|
-
|
990
|
-
<tr>
|
991
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>^={wlang/active-string <as x>}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
992
|
-
<td class="name">encoding-assignment<br/>(third block is optional)</td>
|
993
|
-
<td class="definition"><tt>%={+{@parser.current_dialect} as x}{^{#1}{#2}}{#3}</tt></td>
|
994
|
-
</tr>
|
995
|
-
|
996
|
-
</table>
|
997
|
-
|
998
|
-
|
999
|
-
<br/>
|
1000
|
-
<h4>Examples:</h4>
|
1001
|
-
<table class="examples">
|
1002
|
-
<tr>
|
1003
|
-
<th>dialect</th>
|
1004
|
-
<th>wlang expression</th>
|
1005
|
-
<th>replacement value</th>
|
1006
|
-
</tr>
|
1007
|
-
|
1008
|
-
<tr>
|
1009
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1010
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1011
|
-
</td>
|
1012
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1013
|
-
<tt>={name as n}{Hello !{n}}</tt>
|
1014
|
-
</td>
|
1015
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1016
|
-
|
1017
|
-
<tt>Hello O'Neil</tt>
|
1018
|
-
|
1019
|
-
</td>
|
1020
|
-
</tr>
|
1021
|
-
|
1022
|
-
<tr>
|
1023
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1024
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1025
|
-
</td>
|
1026
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1027
|
-
<tt>={name as n}Hello !{n}</tt>
|
1028
|
-
</td>
|
1029
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1030
|
-
|
1031
|
-
<tt>Hello O'Neil</tt>
|
1032
|
-
|
1033
|
-
</td>
|
1034
|
-
</tr>
|
1035
|
-
|
1036
|
-
<tr>
|
1037
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1038
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1039
|
-
</td>
|
1040
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1041
|
-
<tt>#={name}{blambeau}{Hello !{name}} and !{name}</tt>
|
1042
|
-
</td>
|
1043
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1044
|
-
|
1045
|
-
<tt>Hello blambeau and O'Neil</tt>
|
1046
|
-
|
1047
|
-
</td>
|
1048
|
-
</tr>
|
1049
|
-
|
1050
|
-
<tr>
|
1051
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1052
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1053
|
-
</td>
|
1054
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1055
|
-
<tt>#={name}{blambeau}Hello !{name} and !{name}</tt>
|
1056
|
-
</td>
|
1057
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1058
|
-
|
1059
|
-
<tt>Hello blambeau and blambeau</tt>
|
1060
|
-
|
1061
|
-
</td>
|
1062
|
-
</tr>
|
1063
|
-
|
1064
|
-
<tr>
|
1065
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1066
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1067
|
-
</td>
|
1068
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1069
|
-
<tt>={author as name}{Hello !{name}} and !{name}</tt>
|
1070
|
-
</td>
|
1071
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1072
|
-
|
1073
|
-
<tt>Hello blambeau and O'Neil</tt>
|
1074
|
-
|
1075
|
-
</td>
|
1076
|
-
</tr>
|
1077
|
-
|
1078
|
-
<tr>
|
1079
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1080
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1081
|
-
</td>
|
1082
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1083
|
-
<tt>={author as name}Hello !{name} and !{name}</tt>
|
1084
|
-
</td>
|
1085
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1086
|
-
|
1087
|
-
<tt>Hello blambeau and blambeau</tt>
|
1088
|
-
|
1089
|
-
</td>
|
1090
|
-
</tr>
|
1091
|
-
|
1092
|
-
<tr>
|
1093
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1094
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1095
|
-
</td>
|
1096
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1097
|
-
<tt>%={wlang/dummy as hello}{Hello !{name}}{!{hello}}</tt>
|
1098
|
-
</td>
|
1099
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1100
|
-
|
1101
|
-
<tt>Hello !{name}</tt>
|
1102
|
-
|
1103
|
-
</td>
|
1104
|
-
</tr>
|
1105
|
-
|
1106
|
-
<tr>
|
1107
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1108
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1109
|
-
</td>
|
1110
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1111
|
-
<tt>^={plain-text/upcase as name}{!{author}}{Hello !{name}} and !{name}</tt>
|
1112
|
-
</td>
|
1113
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1114
|
-
|
1115
|
-
<tt>Hello BLAMBEAU and O'Neil</tt>
|
1116
|
-
|
1117
|
-
</td>
|
1118
|
-
</tr>
|
1119
|
-
|
1120
|
-
<tr>
|
1121
|
-
<td class="dialect">
|
1122
|
-
<tt>wlang/*</tt>
|
1123
|
-
</td>
|
1124
|
-
<td class="expression">
|
1125
|
-
<tt>^={plain-text/upcase as name}{!{author}}Hello !{name} and !{name}</tt>
|
1126
|
-
</td>
|
1127
|
-
<td class="replacement">
|
1128
|
-
|
1129
|
-
<tt>Hello BLAMBEAU and BLAMBEAU</tt>
|
1130
|
-
|
1131
|
-
</td>
|
1132
|
-
</tr>
|
1133
|
-
|
1134
|
-
</table>
|
1135
|
-
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
|
1136
|
-
|
1137
|
-
|
1138
|
-
<h3 id="Buffering">Buffering</h3>
|
1139
|
-
<p>
|
1140
|
-
The Buffering ruleset is probably one of the more useful. It allows you to
|
1141
|
-
load text and data files, to change the current output buffer (for
|
1142
|
-
generating multiple files for example) and even to start the instantiation
|
1143
|
-
on other templates.
|
1144
|
-
</p>
|
1145
|
-
|
1146
|
-
<table class="ruleset">
|
1147
|
-
<tr>
|
1148
|
-
<th class="signature">signature</th>
|
1149
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
1150
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
1151
|
-
</tr>
|
1152
|
-
|
1153
|
-
<tr>
|
1154
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt><<{wlang/uri}</tt></td>
|
1155
|
-
<td class="name">input</td>
|
1156
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an uri. Returns the text content of the found
|
1157
|
-
uri (#1) as replacement value.</td>
|
1158
|
-
</tr>
|
1159
|
-
|
1160
|
-
<tr>
|
1161
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt>>>{wlang/uri}{...}</tt></td>
|
1162
|
-
<td class="name">output</td>
|
1163
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an uri. Instantiates #2 in the current
|
1164
|
-
dialect, using the file found in #1 as output buffer. Returns an empty
|
1165
|
-
string as replacement value.</td>
|
1166
|
-
</tr>
|
1167
|
-
|
1168
|
-
<tr>
|
1169
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt><<={wlang/uri <as x>}{...}</tt></td>
|
1170
|
-
<td class="name">data-assignment</td>
|
1171
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an uri. Loads data provided by this uri, based
|
1172
|
-
on the file extension (typically .yml or .rb). Without second block,
|
1173
|
-
expands the current scope with ‘x’ being bound to the data.
|
1174
|
-
Otherwise, branches the current scope for the second block instantiation
|
1175
|
-
only and binds ‘x’ the same way (i.e. x will not be available
|
1176
|
-
outside the second block). Returns an empty string as replacement value.</td>
|
1177
|
-
</tr>
|
1178
|
-
|
1179
|
-
<tr>
|
1180
|
-
<td class="signature"><tt><<+{wlang/uri <using>? <with>?}</tt></td>
|
1181
|
-
<td class="name">input-inclusion</td>
|
1182
|
-
<td class="definition">Instantiates #1, looking for an uri. Instantiates the <em>wlang</em>
|
1183
|
-
template at this location (the dialect is infered from the file extension)
|
1184
|
-
in a fresh new scope built from the <em>with</em> expression. Returns this
|
1185
|
-
instantiation as replacement value.</td>
|
1186
|
-
</tr>
|
1187
|
-
|
1188
|
-
</table>
|
1189
|
-
|
1190
|
-
|
1191
|
-
|
1192
|
-
|
1193
|
-
|
1194
|
-
</div>
|
1195
|
-
|
1196
|
-
<div id="dialects" style="display: none;">
|
1197
|
-
<div class="header">
|
1198
|
-
<h2>Dialects</h2>
|
1199
|
-
|
1200
|
-
<div class="clear"></div>
|
1201
|
-
</div>
|
1202
|
-
|
1203
|
-
|
1204
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1205
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1206
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/active-text</h3>
|
1207
|
-
|
1208
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Imperative, Buffering, Context</p>
|
1209
|
-
|
1210
|
-
</div>
|
1211
|
-
|
1212
|
-
|
1213
|
-
</div>
|
1214
|
-
|
1215
|
-
|
1216
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1217
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1218
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/uri</h3>
|
1219
|
-
|
1220
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic</p>
|
1221
|
-
|
1222
|
-
</div>
|
1223
|
-
|
1224
|
-
|
1225
|
-
</div>
|
1226
|
-
|
1227
|
-
|
1228
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1229
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1230
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/sql</h3>
|
1231
|
-
|
1232
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, SQL</p>
|
1233
|
-
|
1234
|
-
</div>
|
1235
|
-
|
1236
|
-
|
1237
|
-
|
1238
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1239
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1240
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/sql/sybase</h3>
|
1241
|
-
|
1242
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, SQL</p>
|
1243
|
-
|
1244
|
-
</div>
|
1245
|
-
|
1246
|
-
|
1247
|
-
</div>
|
1248
|
-
|
1249
|
-
|
1250
|
-
|
1251
|
-
</div>
|
1252
|
-
|
1253
|
-
|
1254
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1255
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1256
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/active-string</h3>
|
1257
|
-
|
1258
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Imperative</p>
|
1259
|
-
|
1260
|
-
</div>
|
1261
|
-
|
1262
|
-
|
1263
|
-
</div>
|
1264
|
-
|
1265
|
-
|
1266
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1267
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1268
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/xhtml</h3>
|
1269
|
-
|
1270
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, Buffering, Context, XHtml</p>
|
1271
|
-
|
1272
|
-
</div>
|
1273
|
-
|
1274
|
-
|
1275
|
-
</div>
|
1276
|
-
|
1277
|
-
|
1278
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1279
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1280
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/yaml</h3>
|
1281
|
-
|
1282
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, Buffering, Context, YAML</p>
|
1283
|
-
|
1284
|
-
</div>
|
1285
|
-
|
1286
|
-
|
1287
|
-
</div>
|
1288
|
-
|
1289
|
-
|
1290
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1291
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1292
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/ruby</h3>
|
1293
|
-
|
1294
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, Buffering, Context, Ruby</p>
|
1295
|
-
|
1296
|
-
</div>
|
1297
|
-
|
1298
|
-
|
1299
|
-
</div>
|
1300
|
-
|
1301
|
-
|
1302
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1303
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1304
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/dummy</h3>
|
1305
|
-
|
1306
|
-
</div>
|
1307
|
-
|
1308
|
-
|
1309
|
-
</div>
|
1310
|
-
|
1311
|
-
|
1312
|
-
<div class="dialect">
|
1313
|
-
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
|
1314
|
-
<h3 style="display: inline">wlang/hosted</h3>
|
1315
|
-
|
1316
|
-
<p style="display: inline">Includes Basic, Encoding, Imperative, Context, Hosted</p>
|
1317
|
-
|
1318
|
-
</div>
|
1319
|
-
|
1320
|
-
|
1321
|
-
</div>
|
1322
|
-
|
1323
|
-
|
1324
|
-
|
1325
|
-
</div>
|
1326
|
-
|
1327
|
-
<div id="hosting" style="display: none;">
|
1328
|
-
<div class="header">
|
1329
|
-
<h2>Hosting language</h2>
|
1330
|
-
|
1331
|
-
<div class="clear"></div>
|
1332
|
-
</div>
|
1333
|
-
|
1334
|
-
|
1335
|
-
|
1336
|
-
</div>
|
1337
|
-
|
1338
|
-
<div id="glossary" style="display: none;">
|
1339
|
-
<div class="header">
|
1340
|
-
<h2>Glossary</h2>
|
1341
|
-
|
1342
|
-
<div class="clear"></div>
|
1343
|
-
</div>
|
1344
|
-
|
1345
|
-
<table class="glossary">
|
1346
|
-
<tr>
|
1347
|
-
<th class="term">term</th>
|
1348
|
-
<th class="definition">definition</th>
|
1349
|
-
<th class="example">example</th>
|
1350
|
-
</tr>
|
1351
|
-
|
1352
|
-
<tr>
|
1353
|
-
<td><em>template</em></td>
|
1354
|
-
<td>Source code respecting the wlang grammar, and attached to a given <em>wlang
|
1355
|
-
dialect</em>.</td>
|
1356
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>Hello ${name}</tt></td>
|
1357
|
-
</tr>
|
1358
|
-
|
1359
|
-
<tr>
|
1360
|
-
<td><em>dialect</em></td>
|
1361
|
-
<td>Basically, <em>dialect</em> is used as a synonym for (programming)
|
1362
|
-
<em>language</em>. However <em>wlang</em> uses a tree of dialects, allowing
|
1363
|
-
specializations: <tt>sql/sybase</tt> for example is the qualified name of a
|
1364
|
-
sub-dialect ‘sybase’ of the ‘sql’ dialect.
|
1365
|
-
Dialects come with associated <em>encoders</em>.</td>
|
1366
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>sql/sybase</tt></td>
|
1367
|
-
</tr>
|
1368
|
-
|
1369
|
-
<tr>
|
1370
|
-
<td><em>wlang dialect</em></td>
|
1371
|
-
<td>When we talk about a <em>wlang dialect</em>, we are actually refering to
|
1372
|
-
some specialization of the wlang tag-based grammar: <tt>wlang/xhtml</tt>
|
1373
|
-
for example is the templating language <em>wlang</em> proposes to generate
|
1374
|
-
xhtml pages. An example of source code in that dialect has been shown
|
1375
|
-
before. In addition to its encoders a <em>wlang dialect</em> comes with its
|
1376
|
-
sets of <em>tags</em> and associated <em>rules</em>.</td>
|
1377
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>wlang/xhtml</tt></td>
|
1378
|
-
</tr>
|
1379
|
-
|
1380
|
-
<tr>
|
1381
|
-
<td><em>encoder</em></td>
|
1382
|
-
<td>Text transformation (algorithm) applying some encoding conventions of a
|
1383
|
-
portion of a the target language generated by a dialect. HTML
|
1384
|
-
entities-encoding, SQL’s back-quoting are examples of encoders.
|
1385
|
-
Encoders are accessible through their qualified name (dialect/encoder).</td>
|
1386
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>xhtml/entities-encoding</tt><br/><tt>sql/single-quoting</tt></td>
|
1387
|
-
</tr>
|
1388
|
-
|
1389
|
-
<tr>
|
1390
|
-
<td><em>ruleset</em></td>
|
1391
|
-
<td>Reusable set of <em>tags</em> associated to <em>rule</em>s.</td>
|
1392
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>Imperative ruleset</tt><br/><tt>Encoding rulset</tt></td>
|
1393
|
-
</tr>
|
1394
|
-
|
1395
|
-
<tr>
|
1396
|
-
<td><em>wlang tag</em></td>
|
1397
|
-
<td>Special tags in the template, starting with wlang symbols and a number of
|
1398
|
-
wlang blocks. A tag is associated with a wlang rule.</td>
|
1399
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>${...}</tt><br/><tt>?{...}{...}{...}</tt></td>
|
1400
|
-
</tr>
|
1401
|
-
|
1402
|
-
<tr>
|
1403
|
-
<td><em>rule</em></td>
|
1404
|
-
<td>Transformation semantics of a given <em>tag</em>. When wlang instantiates a
|
1405
|
-
template it simply replaces <em>wlang tags</em> by some <em>replacement
|
1406
|
-
value</em> (which is always a string). This value is computed by the rule
|
1407
|
-
attached to the tag. Rule definition (see Rulesets tab on top of the page)
|
1408
|
-
explicitly describes the number of blocks it expects, in which dialect they
|
1409
|
-
are parsed and instantiated and the way the replacement value is computed.</td>
|
1410
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"><tt>^{wlang/active-string}{...}</tt><br/> Instantiates #1, looking for an
|
1411
|
-
encoder qualified name. Instantiates #2 in the current dialect. Encode
|
1412
|
-
#2’s instantiation using encoder found in (#1) and return the result
|
1413
|
-
as replacement value.</td>
|
1414
|
-
</tr>
|
1415
|
-
|
1416
|
-
<tr>
|
1417
|
-
<td><em>context</em></td>
|
1418
|
-
<td>Some rules allow code to be executed in the <em>hosting language</em> (the
|
1419
|
-
definition explicitly announce it by putting <tt>wlang/hosted</tt> in the
|
1420
|
-
corresponding block). When doing so, this code is in fact executed in a
|
1421
|
-
given context that provides the execution semantics.</td>
|
1422
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;"></td>
|
1423
|
-
</tr>
|
1424
|
-
|
1425
|
-
<tr>
|
1426
|
-
<td><em>hosting language</em></td>
|
1427
|
-
<td>language (or framework) that executes wlang. More precisely, the hosting
|
1428
|
-
language is the one that rules what is considered as an executable
|
1429
|
-
expression in tags that relies on some execution semantics (like !{…}
|
1430
|
-
for example). See the ‘Hosting language’ section to learn more.</td>
|
1431
|
-
<td style="font-size: 90%;">ruby</td>
|
1432
|
-
</tr>
|
1433
|
-
|
1434
|
-
</table>
|
1435
|
-
|
1436
|
-
|
1437
|
-
</div>
|
1438
|
-
|
1439
|
-
<div id="symbols" style="display: none;">
|
1440
|
-
<div class="header">
|
1441
|
-
<h2>Tag symbols</h2>
|
1442
|
-
|
1443
|
-
<div class="clear"></div>
|
1444
|
-
</div>
|
1445
|
-
|
1446
|
-
<table class="symbols">
|
1447
|
-
<tr>
|
1448
|
-
<th class="name">name</th>
|
1449
|
-
<th class="symbol">symbol</th>
|
1450
|
-
<th class="meaning">meaning</th>
|
1451
|
-
<th class="remark">remark</th>
|
1452
|
-
</tr>
|
1453
|
-
|
1454
|
-
<tr>
|
1455
|
-
<td><em>exclamation mark</em></td>
|
1456
|
-
<td>!</td>
|
1457
|
-
<td>execution</td>
|
1458
|
-
<td>should never be overrided as single</td>
|
1459
|
-
</tr>
|
1460
|
-
|
1461
|
-
<tr>
|
1462
|
-
<td><em>caret/circumflex</em></td>
|
1463
|
-
<td>^</td>
|
1464
|
-
<td>explicit encoding</td>
|
1465
|
-
<td>should never be overrided as single</td>
|
1466
|
-
</tr>
|
1467
|
-
|
1468
|
-
<tr>
|
1469
|
-
<td><em>percent</em></td>
|
1470
|
-
<td>%</td>
|
1471
|
-
<td>modulation</td>
|
1472
|
-
<td>should never be overrided as single</td>
|
1473
|
-
</tr>
|
1474
|
-
|
1475
|
-
<tr>
|
1476
|
-
<td><em>double quote</em></td>
|
1477
|
-
<td>"</td>
|
1478
|
-
<td>double-quoting</td>
|
1479
|
-
<td></td>
|
1480
|
-
</tr>
|
1481
|
-
|
1482
|
-
<tr>
|
1483
|
-
<td><em>dollar</em></td>
|
1484
|
-
<td>$</td>
|
1485
|
-
<td>main-encoding</td>
|
1486
|
-
<td></td>
|
1487
|
-
</tr>
|
1488
|
-
|
1489
|
-
<tr>
|
1490
|
-
<td><em>ampersand</em></td>
|
1491
|
-
<td>&</td>
|
1492
|
-
<td>encoding</td>
|
1493
|
-
<td></td>
|
1494
|
-
</tr>
|
1495
|
-
|
1496
|
-
<tr>
|
1497
|
-
<td><em>single quote</em></td>
|
1498
|
-
<td>'</td>
|
1499
|
-
<td>single-quoting</td>
|
1500
|
-
<td></td>
|
1501
|
-
</tr>
|
1502
|
-
|
1503
|
-
<tr>
|
1504
|
-
<td><em>asterisk</em></td>
|
1505
|
-
<td>*</td>
|
1506
|
-
<td>iteration</td>
|
1507
|
-
<td></td>
|
1508
|
-
</tr>
|
1509
|
-
|
1510
|
-
<tr>
|
1511
|
-
<td><em>plus</em></td>
|
1512
|
-
<td>+</td>
|
1513
|
-
<td>inclusion</td>
|
1514
|
-
<td></td>
|
1515
|
-
</tr>
|
1516
|
-
|
1517
|
-
<tr>
|
1518
|
-
<td><em>question mark</em></td>
|
1519
|
-
<td>?</td>
|
1520
|
-
<td>condition</td>
|
1521
|
-
<td></td>
|
1522
|
-
</tr>
|
1523
|
-
|
1524
|
-
<tr>
|
1525
|
-
<td><em>at symbol</em></td>
|
1526
|
-
<td>@</td>
|
1527
|
-
<td>linking</td>
|
1528
|
-
<td></td>
|
1529
|
-
</tr>
|
1530
|
-
|
1531
|
-
<tr>
|
1532
|
-
<td><em>tilde</em></td>
|
1533
|
-
<td>~</td>
|
1534
|
-
<td>matching</td>
|
1535
|
-
<td></td>
|
1536
|
-
</tr>
|
1537
|
-
|
1538
|
-
<tr>
|
1539
|
-
<td><em>number sign</em></td>
|
1540
|
-
<td>#</td>
|
1541
|
-
<td></td>
|
1542
|
-
<td></td>
|
1543
|
-
</tr>
|
1544
|
-
|
1545
|
-
<tr>
|
1546
|
-
<td><em>comma</em></td>
|
1547
|
-
<td>,</td>
|
1548
|
-
<td></td>
|
1549
|
-
<td></td>
|
1550
|
-
</tr>
|
1551
|
-
|
1552
|
-
<tr>
|
1553
|
-
<td><em>minus (dash)</em></td>
|
1554
|
-
<td>-</td>
|
1555
|
-
<td></td>
|
1556
|
-
<td></td>
|
1557
|
-
</tr>
|
1558
|
-
|
1559
|
-
<tr>
|
1560
|
-
<td><em>dot</em></td>
|
1561
|
-
<td>.</td>
|
1562
|
-
<td></td>
|
1563
|
-
<td></td>
|
1564
|
-
</tr>
|
1565
|
-
|
1566
|
-
<tr>
|
1567
|
-
<td><em>forward slash</em></td>
|
1568
|
-
<td>/</td>
|
1569
|
-
<td></td>
|
1570
|
-
<td></td>
|
1571
|
-
</tr>
|
1572
|
-
|
1573
|
-
<tr>
|
1574
|
-
<td><em>colon</em></td>
|
1575
|
-
<td>:</td>
|
1576
|
-
<td></td>
|
1577
|
-
<td></td>
|
1578
|
-
</tr>
|
1579
|
-
|
1580
|
-
<tr>
|
1581
|
-
<td><em>semi-colon</em></td>
|
1582
|
-
<td>;</td>
|
1583
|
-
<td></td>
|
1584
|
-
<td></td>
|
1585
|
-
</tr>
|
1586
|
-
|
1587
|
-
<tr>
|
1588
|
-
<td><em>equal sign</em></td>
|
1589
|
-
<td>=</td>
|
1590
|
-
<td></td>
|
1591
|
-
<td></td>
|
1592
|
-
</tr>
|
1593
|
-
|
1594
|
-
<tr>
|
1595
|
-
<td><em>less than</em></td>
|
1596
|
-
<td><</td>
|
1597
|
-
<td></td>
|
1598
|
-
<td></td>
|
1599
|
-
</tr>
|
1600
|
-
|
1601
|
-
<tr>
|
1602
|
-
<td><em>greater than</em></td>
|
1603
|
-
<td>></td>
|
1604
|
-
<td></td>
|
1605
|
-
<td></td>
|
1606
|
-
</tr>
|
1607
|
-
|
1608
|
-
<tr>
|
1609
|
-
<td><em>vertical bar</em></td>
|
1610
|
-
<td>|</td>
|
1611
|
-
<td></td>
|
1612
|
-
<td></td>
|
1613
|
-
</tr>
|
1614
|
-
|
1615
|
-
<tr>
|
1616
|
-
<td><em>underscore</em></td>
|
1617
|
-
<td>_</td>
|
1618
|
-
<td></td>
|
1619
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for escaping in future versions</td>
|
1620
|
-
</tr>
|
1621
|
-
|
1622
|
-
<tr>
|
1623
|
-
<td><em>back slash</em></td>
|
1624
|
-
<td>\</td>
|
1625
|
-
<td></td>
|
1626
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for escaping in current version</td>
|
1627
|
-
</tr>
|
1628
|
-
|
1629
|
-
<tr>
|
1630
|
-
<td><em>left parenthesis</em></td>
|
1631
|
-
<td>(</td>
|
1632
|
-
<td></td>
|
1633
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1634
|
-
</tr>
|
1635
|
-
|
1636
|
-
<tr>
|
1637
|
-
<td><em>right parenthesis</em></td>
|
1638
|
-
<td>)</td>
|
1639
|
-
<td></td>
|
1640
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1641
|
-
</tr>
|
1642
|
-
|
1643
|
-
<tr>
|
1644
|
-
<td><em>left bracket</em></td>
|
1645
|
-
<td>[</td>
|
1646
|
-
<td></td>
|
1647
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1648
|
-
</tr>
|
1649
|
-
|
1650
|
-
<tr>
|
1651
|
-
<td><em>right bracket</em></td>
|
1652
|
-
<td>]</td>
|
1653
|
-
<td></td>
|
1654
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1655
|
-
</tr>
|
1656
|
-
|
1657
|
-
<tr>
|
1658
|
-
<td><em>left brace</em></td>
|
1659
|
-
<td>{</td>
|
1660
|
-
<td></td>
|
1661
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1662
|
-
</tr>
|
1663
|
-
|
1664
|
-
<tr>
|
1665
|
-
<td><em>right brace</em></td>
|
1666
|
-
<td>}</td>
|
1667
|
-
<td></td>
|
1668
|
-
<td>cannot be used as tag symbol; reserved for block delimiter</td>
|
1669
|
-
</tr>
|
1670
|
-
|
1671
|
-
</table>
|
1672
|
-
|
1673
|
-
|
1674
|
-
</div>
|
1675
|
-
|
1676
|
-
<script type="text/javascript">
|
1677
|
-
|
1678
|
-
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
1679
|
-
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-16520635-3']);
|
1680
|
-
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
1681
|
-
|
1682
|
-
(function() {
|
1683
|
-
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
1684
|
-
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
1685
|
-
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
1686
|
-
})();
|
1687
|
-
|
1688
|
-
</script>
|
1689
|
-
</body>
|
1690
|
-
</html>
|