win32ole 1.8.8

data/ext/win32ole/win32ole.c

@@ -0,0 +1,4140 @@
+/*
+ *  (c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *  Developed by ActiveWare Internet Corp., now known as
+ *  ActiveState Tool Corp., http://www.ActiveState.com
+ *
+ *  Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Gurusamy Sarathy
+ *  <gsar@umich.edu> and Jan Dubois <jan.dubois@ibm.net>
+ *
+ *  You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
+ *  License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file
+ *  of the Perl distribution.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+  modified for win32ole (ruby) by Masaki.Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+ */
+
+#include "win32ole.h"
+
+/*
+ * unfortunately IID_IMultiLanguage2 is not included in any libXXX.a
+ * in Cygwin(mingw32).
+ */
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) ||  defined(__MINGW32__)
+#undef IID_IMultiLanguage2
+const IID IID_IMultiLanguage2 = {0xDCCFC164, 0x2B38, 0x11d2, {0xB7, 0xEC, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x4F, 0x8F, 0x5D, 0x9A}};
+#endif
+
+#define WIN32OLE_VERSION "1.8.8"
+
+typedef HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX)
+    (REFCLSID, IUnknown*, DWORD, COSERVERINFO*, DWORD, MULTI_QI*);
+
+typedef HWND (WINAPI FNHTMLHELP)(HWND hwndCaller, LPCSTR pszFile,
+                                 UINT uCommand, DWORD dwData);
+typedef BOOL (FNENUMSYSEMCODEPAGES) (CODEPAGE_ENUMPROC, DWORD);
+VALUE cWIN32OLE;
+
+#if defined(RB_THREAD_SPECIFIC) && (defined(__CYGWIN__))
+static RB_THREAD_SPECIFIC BOOL g_ole_initialized;
+# define g_ole_initialized_init() ((void)0)
+# define g_ole_initialized_set(val) (g_ole_initialized = (val))
+#else
+static volatile DWORD g_ole_initialized_key = TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
+# define g_ole_initialized (TlsGetValue(g_ole_initialized_key)!=0)
+# define g_ole_initialized_init() (g_ole_initialized_key = TlsAlloc())
+# define g_ole_initialized_set(val) TlsSetValue(g_ole_initialized_key, (void*)(val))
+#endif
+
+static BOOL g_uninitialize_hooked = FALSE;
+static BOOL g_cp_installed = FALSE;
+static BOOL g_lcid_installed = FALSE;
+static BOOL g_running_nano = FALSE;
+static HINSTANCE ghhctrl = NULL;
+static HINSTANCE gole32 = NULL;
+static FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX *gCoCreateInstanceEx = NULL;
+static VALUE com_hash;
+static VALUE enc2cp_hash;
+static IDispatchVtbl com_vtbl;
+static UINT cWIN32OLE_cp = CP_ACP;
+static rb_encoding *cWIN32OLE_enc;
+static UINT g_cp_to_check = CP_ACP;
+static char g_lcid_to_check[8 + 1];
+static VARTYPE g_nil_to = VT_ERROR;
+static IMessageFilterVtbl message_filter;
+static IMessageFilter imessage_filter = { &message_filter };
+static IMessageFilter* previous_filter;
+
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE2)
+static IMultiLanguage2 *pIMultiLanguage = NULL;
+#elif defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE)
+static IMultiLanguage *pIMultiLanguage = NULL;
+#else
+#define pIMultiLanguage NULL /* dummy */
+#endif
+
+struct oleparam {
+    DISPPARAMS dp;
+    OLECHAR** pNamedArgs;
+};
+
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR *, REFIID riid, void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject);
+static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This);
+static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This);
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfoCount )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, UINT __RPC_FAR *pctinfo);
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfo )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, UINT iTInfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppTInfo);
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIDsOfNames )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, REFIID riid, LPOLESTR __RPC_FAR *rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID __RPC_FAR *rgDispId);
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Invoke )( IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, DISPID dispIdMember, REFIID riid, LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS __RPC_FAR *pDispParams, VARIANT __RPC_FAR *pVarResult, EXCEPINFO __RPC_FAR *pExcepInfo, UINT __RPC_FAR *puArgErr);
+static IDispatch* val2dispatch(VALUE val);
+static double rbtime2vtdate(VALUE tmobj);
+static VALUE vtdate2rbtime(double date);
+static rb_encoding *ole_cp2encoding(UINT cp);
+static UINT ole_encoding2cp(rb_encoding *enc);
+NORETURN(static void failed_load_conv51932(void));
+#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
+static void load_conv_function51932(void);
+#endif
+static UINT ole_init_cp(void);
+static void ole_freeexceptinfo(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo);
+static VALUE ole_excepinfo2msg(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo);
+static void ole_free(void *ptr);
+static size_t ole_size(const void *ptr);
+static LPWSTR ole_mb2wc(char *pm, int len, UINT cp);
+static VALUE ole_ary_m_entry(VALUE val, LONG *pid);
+static VALUE is_all_index_under(LONG *pid, long *pub, long dim);
+static void * get_ptr_of_variant(VARIANT *pvar);
+static void ole_set_safe_array(long n, SAFEARRAY *psa, LONG *pid, long *pub, VALUE val, long dim,  VARTYPE vt);
+static long dimension(VALUE val);
+static long ary_len_of_dim(VALUE ary, long dim);
+static VALUE ole_set_member(VALUE self, IDispatch *dispatch);
+static VALUE fole_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE create_win32ole_object(VALUE klass, IDispatch *pDispatch, int argc, VALUE *argv);
+static VALUE ary_new_dim(VALUE myary, LONG *pid, LONG *plb, LONG dim);
+static void ary_store_dim(VALUE myary, LONG *pid, LONG *plb, LONG dim, VALUE val);
+static void ole_const_load(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE klass, VALUE self);
+static HRESULT clsid_from_remote(VALUE host, VALUE com, CLSID *pclsid);
+static VALUE ole_create_dcom(VALUE self, VALUE ole, VALUE host, VALUE others);
+static VALUE ole_bind_obj(VALUE moniker, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_s_connect(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_s_const_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static ULONG reference_count(struct oledata * pole);
+static VALUE fole_s_reference_count(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
+static VALUE fole_s_free(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
+static HWND ole_show_help(VALUE helpfile, VALUE helpcontext);
+static VALUE fole_s_show_help(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_s_get_code_page(VALUE self);
+static BOOL CALLBACK installed_code_page_proc(LPTSTR str);
+static BOOL code_page_installed(UINT cp);
+static VALUE fole_s_set_code_page(VALUE self, VALUE vcp);
+static VALUE fole_s_get_locale(VALUE self);
+static BOOL CALLBACK installed_lcid_proc(LPTSTR str);
+static BOOL lcid_installed(LCID lcid);
+static VALUE fole_s_set_locale(VALUE self, VALUE vlcid);
+static VALUE fole_s_create_guid(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_s_ole_initialize(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_s_ole_uninitialize(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static int hash2named_arg(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE pop);
+static VALUE set_argv(VARIANTARG* realargs, unsigned int beg, unsigned int end);
+static VALUE ole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, USHORT wFlags, BOOL is_bracket);
+static VALUE fole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE ole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types, USHORT dispkind);
+static VALUE fole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
+static VALUE fole_getproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
+static VALUE fole_setproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
+static VALUE fole_setproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_setproperty(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_getproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE ole_propertyput(VALUE self, VALUE property, VALUE value);
+static VALUE fole_free(VALUE self);
+static VALUE ole_each_sub(VALUE pEnumV);
+static VALUE ole_ienum_free(VALUE pEnumV);
+static VALUE fole_each(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_missing(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static HRESULT typeinfo_from_ole(struct oledata *pole, ITypeInfo **ppti);
+static VALUE ole_methods(VALUE self, int mask);
+static VALUE fole_methods(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_get_methods(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_put_methods(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_func_methods(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_type(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_typelib(VALUE self);
+static VALUE fole_query_interface(VALUE self, VALUE str_iid);
+static VALUE fole_respond_to(VALUE self, VALUE method);
+static VALUE ole_usertype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails);
+static VALUE ole_ptrtype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails);
+static VALUE fole_method_help(VALUE self, VALUE cmdname);
+static VALUE fole_activex_initialize(VALUE self);
+
+static void com_hash_free(void *ptr);
+static void com_hash_mark(void *ptr);
+static size_t com_hash_size(const void *ptr);
+static void check_nano_server(void);
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ole_datatype = {
+    "win32ole",
+    {NULL, ole_free, ole_size,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static const rb_data_type_t win32ole_hash_datatype = {
+    "win32ole_hash",
+    {com_hash_mark, com_hash_free, com_hash_size,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_QueryInterface)(
+    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
+    /* [iid_is][out] */ void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject)
+{
+    if (MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IUnknown, GUID, 1) == 0
+        || MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IMessageFilter, GUID, 1) == 0)
+    {
+        *ppvObject = &message_filter;
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+
+static ULONG (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_AddRef)(
+    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This)
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static ULONG (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_Release)(
+    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This)
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_HandleInComingCall)(
+    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * pThis,
+    DWORD dwCallType,      //Type of incoming call
+    HTASK threadIDCaller,  //Task handle calling this task
+    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
+    LPINTERFACEINFO lpInterfaceInfo //Pointer to INTERFACEINFO structure
+    )
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG_MESSAGEFILTER
+    printf("incoming %08X, %08X, %d\n", dwCallType, threadIDCaller, dwTickCount);
+    fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+    switch (dwCallType)
+    {
+    case CALLTYPE_ASYNC:
+    case CALLTYPE_TOPLEVEL_CALLPENDING:
+    case CALLTYPE_ASYNC_CALLPENDING:
+        if (rb_during_gc()) {
+            return SERVERCALL_RETRYLATER;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    if (previous_filter) {
+        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->HandleInComingCall(previous_filter,
+                                                   dwCallType,
+                                                   threadIDCaller,
+                                                   dwTickCount,
+                                                   lpInterfaceInfo);
+    }
+    return SERVERCALL_ISHANDLED;
+}
+
+static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_RetryRejectedCall)(
+    IMessageFilter* pThis,
+    HTASK threadIDCallee,  //Server task handle
+    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
+    DWORD dwRejectType     //Returned rejection message
+    )
+{
+    if (previous_filter) {
+        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->RetryRejectedCall(previous_filter,
+                                                  threadIDCallee,
+                                                  dwTickCount,
+                                                  dwRejectType);
+    }
+    return 1000;
+}
+
+static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_MessagePending)(
+    IMessageFilter* pThis,
+    HTASK threadIDCallee,  //Called applications task handle
+    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
+    DWORD dwPendingType    //Call type
+    )
+{
+    if (rb_during_gc()) {
+        return PENDINGMSG_WAITNOPROCESS;
+    }
+    if (previous_filter) {
+        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->MessagePending(previous_filter,
+                                               threadIDCallee,
+                                               dwTickCount,
+                                               dwPendingType);
+    }
+    return PENDINGMSG_WAITNOPROCESS;
+}
+
+typedef struct _Win32OLEIDispatch
+{
+    IDispatch dispatch;
+    ULONG refcount;
+    VALUE obj;
+} Win32OLEIDispatch;
+
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
+    /* [iid_is][out] */ void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject)
+{
+    if (MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IUnknown, GUID, 1) == 0
+        || MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IDispatch, GUID, 1) == 0)
+    {
+        Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
+        p->refcount++;
+        *ppvObject = This;
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+
+static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This)
+{
+    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
+    return ++(p->refcount);
+}
+
+static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This)
+{
+    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
+    ULONG u = --(p->refcount);
+    if (u == 0) {
+        st_data_t key = p->obj;
+        st_delete(DATA_PTR(com_hash), &key, 0);
+        free(p);
+    }
+    return u;
+}
+
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfoCount )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [out] */ UINT __RPC_FAR *pctinfo)
+{
+    return E_NOTIMPL;
+}
+
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfo )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [in] */ UINT iTInfo,
+    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
+    /* [out] */ ITypeInfo __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppTInfo)
+{
+    return E_NOTIMPL;
+}
+
+
+static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIDsOfNames )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
+    /* [size_is][in] */ LPOLESTR __RPC_FAR *rgszNames,
+    /* [in] */ UINT cNames,
+    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
+    /* [size_is][out] */ DISPID __RPC_FAR *rgDispId)
+{
+    /*
+    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
+    */
+    char* psz = ole_wc2mb(*rgszNames); // support only one method
+    ID nameid = rb_check_id_cstr(psz, (long)strlen(psz), cWIN32OLE_enc);
+    free(psz);
+    if ((ID)(DISPID)nameid != nameid) return E_NOINTERFACE;
+    *rgDispId = (DISPID)nameid;
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+static /* [local] */ HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Invoke )(
+    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
+    /* [in] */ DISPID dispIdMember,
+    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
+    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
+    /* [in] */ WORD wFlags,
+    /* [out][in] */ DISPPARAMS __RPC_FAR *pDispParams,
+    /* [out] */ VARIANT __RPC_FAR *pVarResult,
+    /* [out] */ EXCEPINFO __RPC_FAR *pExcepInfo,
+    /* [out] */ UINT __RPC_FAR *puArgErr)
+{
+    VALUE v;
+    int i;
+    int args = pDispParams->cArgs;
+    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
+    VALUE* parg = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, args);
+    ID mid = (ID)dispIdMember;
+    for (i = 0; i < args; i++) {
+        *(parg + i) = ole_variant2val(&pDispParams->rgvarg[args - i - 1]);
+    }
+    if (dispIdMember == DISPID_VALUE) {
+        if (wFlags == DISPATCH_METHOD) {
+            mid = rb_intern("call");
+        } else if (wFlags & DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET) {
+            mid = rb_intern("value");
+        }
+    }
+    v = rb_funcallv(p->obj, mid, args, parg);
+    ole_val2variant(v, pVarResult);
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+BOOL
+ole_initialized(void)
+{
+    return g_ole_initialized;
+}
+
+static IDispatch*
+val2dispatch(VALUE val)
+{
+    struct st_table *tbl = DATA_PTR(com_hash);
+    Win32OLEIDispatch* pdisp;
+    st_data_t data;
+    if (st_lookup(tbl, val, &data)) {
+        pdisp = (Win32OLEIDispatch *)(data & ~FIXNUM_FLAG);
+        pdisp->refcount++;
+    }
+    else {
+        pdisp = ALLOC(Win32OLEIDispatch);
+        pdisp->dispatch.lpVtbl = &com_vtbl;
+        pdisp->refcount = 1;
+        pdisp->obj = val;
+        st_insert(tbl, val, (VALUE)pdisp | FIXNUM_FLAG);
+    }
+    return &pdisp->dispatch;
+}
+
+static double
+rbtime2vtdate(VALUE tmobj)
+{
+    SYSTEMTIME st;
+    double t;
+    double nsec;
+
+    st.wYear = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("year"), 0));
+    st.wMonth = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("month"), 0));
+    st.wDay = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("mday"), 0));
+    st.wHour = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("hour"), 0));
+    st.wMinute = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("min"), 0));
+    st.wSecond = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("sec"), 0));
+    st.wMilliseconds = 0;
+    SystemTimeToVariantTime(&st, &t);
+
+    /*
+     * Unfortunately SystemTimeToVariantTime function always ignores the
+     * wMilliseconds of SYSTEMTIME struct.
+     * So, we need to calculate milliseconds by ourselves.
+     */
+    nsec =  RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("nsec"), 0));
+    nsec /= 1000000.0;
+    nsec /= (24.0 * 3600.0);
+    nsec /= 1000;
+    return t + nsec;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+vtdate2rbtime(double date)
+{
+    SYSTEMTIME st;
+    VALUE v;
+    double msec;
+    double sec;
+    VariantTimeToSystemTime(date, &st);
+    v = rb_funcall(rb_cTime, rb_intern("new"), 6,
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wYear),
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wMonth),
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wDay),
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wHour),
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wMinute),
+		      RB_INT2FIX(st.wSecond));
+    st.wYear = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("year"), 0));
+    st.wMonth = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("month"), 0));
+    st.wDay = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("mday"), 0));
+    st.wHour = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("hour"), 0));
+    st.wMinute = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("min"), 0));
+    st.wSecond = RB_FIX2INT(rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("sec"), 0));
+    st.wMilliseconds = 0;
+    SystemTimeToVariantTime(&st, &sec);
+    /*
+     * Unfortunately VariantTimeToSystemTime always ignores the
+     * wMilliseconds of SYSTEMTIME struct(The wMilliseconds is 0).
+     * So, we need to calculate milliseconds by ourselves.
+     */
+    msec = date - sec;
+    msec *= 24 * 60;
+    msec -= floor(msec);
+    msec *= 60;
+    if (msec >= 59) {
+        msec -= 60;
+    }
+    if (msec != 0) {
+        return rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("+"), 1, rb_float_new(msec));
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+#define ENC_MACHING_CP(enc,encname,cp) if(strcasecmp(rb_enc_name((enc)),(encname)) == 0) return cp
+
+static UINT ole_encoding2cp(rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    /*
+     * Is there any better solution to convert
+     * Ruby encoding to Windows codepage???
+     */
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Big5", 950);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP51932", 51932);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP850", 850);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP852", 852);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP855", 855);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP949", 949);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-JP", 20932);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-KR", 51949);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-TW", 51950);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GB18030", 54936);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GB2312", 20936);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GBK", 936);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM437", 437);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM737", 737);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM775", 775);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM852", 852);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM855", 855);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM857", 857);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM860", 860);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM861", 861);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM862", 862);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM863", 863);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM864", 864);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM865", 865);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM866", 866);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM869", 869);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-2022-JP", 50220);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-1", 28591);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-15", 28605);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-2", 28592);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-3", 28593);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-4", 28594);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-5", 28595);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-6", 28596);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-7", 28597);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-8", 28598);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-9", 28599);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "KOI8-R", 20866);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "KOI8-U", 21866);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Shift_JIS", 932);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-16BE", 1201);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-16LE", 1200);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-7", 65000);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-8", 65001);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1250", 1250);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1251", 1251);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1252", 1252);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1253", 1253);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1254", 1254);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1255", 1255);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1256", 1256);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1257", 1257);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1258", 1258);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-31J", 932);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-874", 874);
+    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "eucJP-ms", 20932);
+    return CP_ACP;
+}
+
+static void
+failed_load_conv51932(void)
+{
+    rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to load convert function for CP51932");
+}
+
+#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
+static void
+load_conv_function51932(void)
+{
+    HRESULT hr = E_NOINTERFACE;
+    void *p;
+    if (!pIMultiLanguage) {
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE2)
+	hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_CMultiLanguage, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+		              &IID_IMultiLanguage2, &p);
+#elif defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE)
+	hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_CMultiLanguage, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+		              &IID_IMultiLanguage, &p);
+#endif
+	if (FAILED(hr)) {
+	    failed_load_conv51932();
+	}
+	pIMultiLanguage = p;
+    }
+}
+#define need_conv_function51932() (load_conv_function51932(), 1)
+#else
+#define load_conv_function51932() failed_load_conv51932()
+#define need_conv_function51932() (failed_load_conv51932(), 0)
+#endif
+
+#define conv_51932(cp) ((cp) == 51932 && need_conv_function51932())
+
+static void
+set_ole_codepage(UINT cp)
+{
+    if (code_page_installed(cp)) {
+        cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
+    } else {
+        switch(cp) {
+        case CP_ACP:
+        case CP_OEMCP:
+        case CP_MACCP:
+        case CP_THREAD_ACP:
+        case CP_SYMBOL:
+        case CP_UTF7:
+        case CP_UTF8:
+            cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
+            break;
+        case 51932:
+            cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
+            load_conv_function51932();
+            break;
+        default:
+            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "codepage should be WIN32OLE::CP_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_OEMCP, WIN32OLE::CP_MACCP, WIN32OLE::CP_THREAD_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_SYMBOL, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF7, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8, or installed codepage.");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    cWIN32OLE_enc = ole_cp2encoding(cWIN32OLE_cp);
+}
+
+
+static UINT
+ole_init_cp(void)
+{
+    UINT cp;
+    rb_encoding *encdef;
+    encdef = rb_default_internal_encoding();
+    if (!encdef) {
+	encdef = rb_default_external_encoding();
+    }
+    cp = ole_encoding2cp(encdef);
+    set_ole_codepage(cp);
+    return cp;
+}
+
+struct myCPINFOEX {
+  UINT MaxCharSize;
+  BYTE DefaultChar[2];
+  BYTE LeadByte[12];
+  WCHAR UnicodeDefaultChar;
+  UINT CodePage;
+  char CodePageName[MAX_PATH];
+};
+
+static rb_encoding *
+ole_cp2encoding(UINT cp)
+{
+    static BOOL (*pGetCPInfoEx)(UINT, DWORD, struct myCPINFOEX *) = NULL;
+    struct myCPINFOEX* buf;
+    VALUE enc_name;
+    char *enc_cstr;
+    int idx;
+
+    if (!code_page_installed(cp)) {
+	switch(cp) {
+	  case CP_ACP:
+	    cp = GetACP();
+	    break;
+	  case CP_OEMCP:
+	    cp = GetOEMCP();
+	    break;
+	  case CP_MACCP:
+	  case CP_THREAD_ACP:
+	    if (!pGetCPInfoEx) {
+		pGetCPInfoEx = (BOOL (*)(UINT, DWORD, struct myCPINFOEX *))
+		    GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCPInfoEx");
+		if (!pGetCPInfoEx) {
+		    pGetCPInfoEx = (void*)-1;
+		}
+	    }
+	    buf = ALLOCA_N(struct myCPINFOEX, 1);
+	    ZeroMemory(buf, sizeof(struct myCPINFOEX));
+	    if (pGetCPInfoEx == (void*)-1 || !pGetCPInfoEx(cp, 0, buf)) {
+		rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "cannot map codepage to encoding.");
+		break;	/* never reach here */
+	    }
+	    cp = buf->CodePage;
+	    break;
+	  case CP_SYMBOL:
+	  case CP_UTF7:
+	  case CP_UTF8:
+	    break;
+	  case 51932:
+	    load_conv_function51932();
+	    break;
+	  default:
+            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "codepage should be WIN32OLE::CP_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_OEMCP, WIN32OLE::CP_MACCP, WIN32OLE::CP_THREAD_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_SYMBOL, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF7, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8, or installed codepage.");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    enc_name = rb_sprintf("CP%d", cp);
+    idx = rb_enc_find_index(enc_cstr = StringValueCStr(enc_name));
+    if (idx < 0)
+	idx = rb_define_dummy_encoding(enc_cstr);
+    return rb_enc_from_index(idx);
+}
+
+#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
+static HRESULT
+ole_ml_wc2mb_conv0(LPWSTR pw, LPSTR pm, UINT *size)
+{
+    DWORD dw = 0;
+    return pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringFromUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
+		    &dw, cWIN32OLE_cp, pw, NULL, pm, size);
+}
+#define ole_ml_wc2mb_conv(pw, pm, size, onfailure) do { \
+	HRESULT hr = ole_ml_wc2mb_conv0(pw, pm, &size); \
+	if (FAILED(hr)) { \
+	    onfailure; \
+	    ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert Unicode to CP%d", cWIN32OLE_cp); \
+	} \
+    } while (0)
+#endif
+
+#define ole_wc2mb_conv(pw, pm, size) WideCharToMultiByte(cWIN32OLE_cp, 0, (pw), -1, (pm), (size), NULL, NULL)
+
+static char *
+ole_wc2mb_alloc(LPWSTR pw, char *(alloc)(UINT size, void *arg), void *arg)
+{
+    LPSTR pm;
+    UINT size = 0;
+    if (conv_51932(cWIN32OLE_cp)) {
+#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
+	ole_ml_wc2mb_conv(pw, NULL, size, {});
+	pm = alloc(size, arg);
+	if (size) ole_ml_wc2mb_conv(pw, pm, size, xfree(pm));
+	pm[size] = '\0';
+	return pm;
+#endif
+    }
+    size = ole_wc2mb_conv(pw, NULL, 0);
+    pm = alloc(size, arg);
+    if (size) ole_wc2mb_conv(pw, pm, size);
+    pm[size] = '\0';
+    return pm;
+}
+
+static char *
+ole_alloc_str(UINT size, void *arg)
+{
+    return ALLOC_N(char, size + 1);
+}
+
+char *
+ole_wc2mb(LPWSTR pw)
+{
+    return ole_wc2mb_alloc(pw, ole_alloc_str, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+ole_freeexceptinfo(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo)
+{
+    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrDescription);
+    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrSource);
+    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrHelpFile);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_excepinfo2msg(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo)
+{
+    char error_code[40];
+    char *pSource = NULL;
+    char *pDescription = NULL;
+    VALUE error_msg;
+    if(pExInfo->pfnDeferredFillIn != NULL) {
+        (*pExInfo->pfnDeferredFillIn)(pExInfo);
+    }
+    if (pExInfo->bstrSource != NULL) {
+        pSource = ole_wc2mb(pExInfo->bstrSource);
+    }
+    if (pExInfo->bstrDescription != NULL) {
+        pDescription = ole_wc2mb(pExInfo->bstrDescription);
+    }
+    if(pExInfo->wCode == 0) {
+        sprintf(error_code, "\n    OLE error code:%lX in ", (unsigned long)pExInfo->scode);
+    }
+    else{
+        sprintf(error_code, "\n    OLE error code:%u in ", pExInfo->wCode);
+    }
+    error_msg = rb_str_new2(error_code);
+    if(pSource != NULL) {
+        rb_str_cat2(error_msg, pSource);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_str_cat(error_msg, "<Unknown>", 9);
+    }
+    rb_str_cat2(error_msg, "\n      ");
+    if(pDescription != NULL) {
+        rb_str_cat2(error_msg, pDescription);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_str_cat2(error_msg, "<No Description>");
+    }
+    if(pSource) free(pSource);
+    if(pDescription) free(pDescription);
+    ole_freeexceptinfo(pExInfo);
+    return error_msg;
+}
+
+void
+ole_uninitialize(void)
+{
+    if (!g_ole_initialized) return;
+    OleUninitialize();
+    g_ole_initialized_set(FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+ole_uninitialize_hook(rb_event_flag_t evflag, VALUE data, VALUE self, ID mid, VALUE klass)
+{
+    ole_uninitialize();
+}
+
+void
+ole_initialize(void)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    if(!g_uninitialize_hooked) {
+	rb_add_event_hook(ole_uninitialize_hook, RUBY_EVENT_THREAD_END, Qnil);
+	g_uninitialize_hooked = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if(g_ole_initialized == FALSE) {
+        if(g_running_nano) {
+            hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
+        } else {
+            hr = OleInitialize(NULL);
+        }
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: OLE initialize");
+        }
+        g_ole_initialized_set(TRUE);
+
+        if (g_running_nano == FALSE) {
+            hr = CoRegisterMessageFilter(&imessage_filter, &previous_filter);
+            if(FAILED(hr)) {
+                previous_filter = NULL;
+                ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: install OLE MessageFilter");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ole_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = ptr;
+    OLE_FREE(pole->pDispatch);
+    free(pole);
+}
+
+static size_t ole_size(const void *ptr)
+{
+    return ptr ? sizeof(struct oledata) : 0;
+}
+
+struct oledata *
+oledata_get_struct(VALUE ole)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(ole, struct oledata, &ole_datatype, pole);
+    return pole;
+}
+
+LPWSTR
+ole_vstr2wc(VALUE vstr)
+{
+    rb_encoding *enc;
+    int cp;
+    LPWSTR pw;
+    st_data_t data;
+    struct st_table *tbl = DATA_PTR(enc2cp_hash);
+
+    /* do not type-conversion here to prevent from other arguments
+     * changing (if exist) */
+    Check_Type(vstr, T_STRING);
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(vstr) == 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    enc = rb_enc_get(vstr);
+
+    if (st_lookup(tbl, (VALUE)enc | FIXNUM_FLAG, &data)) {
+        cp = RB_FIX2INT((VALUE)data);
+    } else {
+        cp = ole_encoding2cp(enc);
+        if (code_page_installed(cp) ||
+            cp == CP_ACP ||
+            cp == CP_OEMCP ||
+            cp == CP_MACCP ||
+            cp == CP_THREAD_ACP ||
+            cp == CP_SYMBOL ||
+            cp == CP_UTF7 ||
+            cp == CP_UTF8 ||
+            cp == 51932) {
+            st_insert(tbl, (VALUE)enc | FIXNUM_FLAG, RB_INT2FIX(cp));
+        } else {
+            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not installed Windows codepage(%d) according to `%s'", cp, rb_enc_name(enc));
+        }
+    }
+    pw = ole_mb2wc(RSTRING_PTR(vstr), RSTRING_LENINT(vstr), cp);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(vstr);
+    return pw;
+}
+
+static LPWSTR
+ole_mb2wc(char *pm, int len, UINT cp)
+{
+    UINT size = 0;
+    LPWSTR pw;
+
+    if (conv_51932(cp)) {
+#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
+	DWORD dw = 0;
+	UINT n = len;
+	HRESULT hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
+		&dw, cp, pm, &n, NULL, &size);
+	if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cp);
+	}
+	pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size);
+	n = len;
+	hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
+		&dw, cp, pm, &n, pw, &size);
+	if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cp);
+	}
+	return pw;
+#endif
+    }
+    size = MultiByteToWideChar(cp, 0, pm, len, NULL, 0);
+    pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size);
+    pw[size-1] = 0;
+    MultiByteToWideChar(cp, 0, pm, len, pw, size);
+    return pw;
+}
+
+static char *
+ole_alloc_vstr(UINT size, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_enc_str_new(NULL, size, cWIN32OLE_enc);
+    *(VALUE *)arg = str;
+    return RSTRING_PTR(str);
+}
+
+VALUE
+ole_wc2vstr(LPWSTR pw, BOOL isfree)
+{
+    VALUE vstr;
+    ole_wc2mb_alloc(pw, ole_alloc_vstr, &vstr);
+    rb_str_set_len(vstr, (long)strlen(RSTRING_PTR(vstr)));
+    if(isfree)
+        SysFreeString(pw);
+    return vstr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_ary_m_entry(VALUE val, LONG *pid)
+{
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    int i = 0;
+    obj = val;
+    while(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_ARRAY)) {
+        obj = rb_ary_entry(obj, pid[i]);
+        i++;
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+is_all_index_under(LONG *pid, long *pub, long dim)
+{
+  long i = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+    if (pid[i] > pub[i]) {
+      return Qfalse;
+    }
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+void
+ole_val2variant_ex(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
+{
+    if (val == Qnil) {
+        if (vt == VT_VARIANT) {
+            ole_val2variant2(val, var);
+        } else {
+            V_VT(var) = (vt & ~VT_BYREF);
+            if (V_VT(var) == VT_DISPATCH) {
+                V_DISPATCH(var) = NULL;
+            } else if (V_VT(var) == VT_UNKNOWN) {
+                V_UNKNOWN(var) = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+    switch(vt & ~VT_BYREF) {
+    case VT_I8:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_I8;
+        V_I8(var) = NUM2I8 (val);
+        break;
+    case VT_UI8:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_UI8;
+        V_UI8(var) = NUM2UI8(val);
+        break;
+    default:
+        ole_val2variant2(val, var);
+        break;
+    }
+#else  /* (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) */
+    ole_val2variant2(val, var);
+#endif
+}
+
+VOID *
+val2variant_ptr(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
+{
+    VOID *p = NULL;
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+    ole_val2variant_ex(val, var, vt);
+    if ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_VARIANT) {
+        p = var;
+    } else {
+        if ( (vt & ~VT_BYREF) != V_VT(var)) {
+            hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(var, var,
+                    cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, (VARTYPE)(vt & ~VT_BYREF));
+            if (FAILED(hr)) {
+                ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to change type");
+            }
+        }
+        p = get_ptr_of_variant(var);
+    }
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get pointer of variant");
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+static void *
+get_ptr_of_variant(VARIANT *pvar)
+{
+    switch(V_VT(pvar)) {
+    case VT_UI1:
+        return &V_UI1(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_I2:
+        return &V_I2(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_UI2:
+        return &V_UI2(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_I4:
+        return &V_I4(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_UI4:
+        return &V_UI4(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_R4:
+        return &V_R4(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_R8:
+        return &V_R8(pvar);
+        break;
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+    case VT_I8:
+        return &V_I8(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_UI8:
+        return &V_UI8(pvar);
+        break;
+#endif
+    case VT_INT:
+        return &V_INT(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_UINT:
+        return &V_UINT(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_CY:
+        return &V_CY(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_DATE:
+        return &V_DATE(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_BSTR:
+        return V_BSTR(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_DISPATCH:
+        return V_DISPATCH(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_ERROR:
+        return &V_ERROR(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_BOOL:
+        return &V_BOOL(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_UNKNOWN:
+        return V_UNKNOWN(pvar);
+        break;
+    case VT_ARRAY:
+        return &V_ARRAY(pvar);
+        break;
+    default:
+        return NULL;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ole_set_safe_array(long n, SAFEARRAY *psa, LONG *pid, long *pub, VALUE val, long dim,  VARTYPE vt)
+{
+    VALUE val1;
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+    VARIANT var;
+    VOID *p = NULL;
+    long i = n;
+    while(i >= 0) {
+        val1 = ole_ary_m_entry(val, pid);
+        VariantInit(&var);
+        p = val2variant_ptr(val1, &var, vt);
+        if (is_all_index_under(pid, pub, dim) == Qtrue) {
+            if ((V_VT(&var) == VT_DISPATCH && V_DISPATCH(&var) == NULL) ||
+                (V_VT(&var) == VT_UNKNOWN && V_UNKNOWN(&var) == NULL)) {
+                rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "element of array does not have IDispatch or IUnknown Interface");
+            }
+            hr = SafeArrayPutElement(psa, pid, p);
+        }
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayPutElement");
+        }
+        pid[i] += 1;
+        if (pid[i] > pub[i]) {
+            pid[i] = 0;
+            i -= 1;
+        } else {
+            i = dim - 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static long
+dimension(VALUE val) {
+    long dim = 0;
+    long dim1 = 0;
+    long len = 0;
+    long i = 0;
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
+        len = RARRAY_LEN(val);
+        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            dim1 = dimension(rb_ary_entry(val, i));
+            if (dim < dim1) {
+                dim = dim1;
+            }
+        }
+        dim += 1;
+    }
+    return dim;
+}
+
+static long
+ary_len_of_dim(VALUE ary, long dim) {
+    long ary_len = 0;
+    long ary_len1 = 0;
+    long len = 0;
+    long i = 0;
+    VALUE val;
+    if (dim == 0) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY)) {
+            ary_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY)) {
+            len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                val = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
+                ary_len1 = ary_len_of_dim(val, dim-1);
+                if (ary_len < ary_len1) {
+                    ary_len = ary_len1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ary_len;
+}
+
+HRESULT
+ole_val_ary2variant_ary(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
+{
+    long dim = 0;
+    int  i = 0;
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+    SAFEARRAYBOUND *psab = NULL;
+    SAFEARRAY *psa = NULL;
+    long      *pub;
+    LONG      *pid;
+
+    Check_Type(val, T_ARRAY);
+
+    dim = dimension(val);
+
+    psab = ALLOC_N(SAFEARRAYBOUND, dim);
+    pub  = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
+    pid  = ALLOC_N(LONG, dim);
+
+    if(!psab || !pub || !pid) {
+        if(pub) free(pub);
+        if(psab) free(psab);
+        if(pid) free(pid);
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+        psab[i].cElements = ary_len_of_dim(val, i);
+        psab[i].lLbound = 0;
+        pub[i] = psab[i].cElements - 1;
+        pid[i] = 0;
+    }
+    /* Create and fill VARIANT array */
+    if ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_ARRAY) {
+        vt = (vt | VT_VARIANT);
+    }
+    psa = SafeArrayCreate((VARTYPE)(vt & VT_TYPEMASK), dim, psab);
+    if (psa == NULL)
+        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
+    else
+        hr = SafeArrayLock(psa);
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+        ole_set_safe_array(dim-1, psa, pid, pub, val, dim, (VARTYPE)(vt & VT_TYPEMASK));
+        hr = SafeArrayUnlock(psa);
+    }
+
+    if(pub) free(pub);
+    if(psab) free(psab);
+    if(pid) free(pid);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+        V_VT(var) = vt;
+        V_ARRAY(var) = psa;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (psa != NULL)
+            SafeArrayDestroy(psa);
+    }
+    return hr;
+}
+
+void
+ole_val2variant(VALUE val, VARIANT *var)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE)) {
+        pole = oledata_get_struct(val);
+        OLE_ADDREF(pole->pDispatch);
+        V_VT(var) = VT_DISPATCH;
+        V_DISPATCH(var) = pole->pDispatch;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
+        ole_variant2variant(val, var);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE_RECORD)) {
+        ole_rec2variant(val, var);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cTime)) {
+        V_VT(var) = VT_DATE;
+        V_DATE(var) = rbtime2vtdate(val);
+        return;
+    }
+    switch (TYPE(val)) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+        ole_val_ary2variant_ary(val, var, VT_VARIANT|VT_ARRAY);
+        break;
+    case T_STRING:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_BSTR;
+        V_BSTR(var) = ole_vstr2wc(val);
+        break;
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_I4;
+        {
+            long v = RB_NUM2LONG(val);
+            V_I4(var) = (LONG)v;
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > 4
+            if (V_I4(var) != v) {
+                V_I8(var) = v;
+                V_VT(var) = VT_I8;
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+        break;
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_R8;
+        V_R8(var) = rb_big2dbl(val);
+        break;
+    case T_FLOAT:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_R8;
+        V_R8(var) = NUM2DBL(val);
+        break;
+    case T_TRUE:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_BOOL;
+        V_BOOL(var) = VARIANT_TRUE;
+        break;
+    case T_FALSE:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_BOOL;
+        V_BOOL(var) = VARIANT_FALSE;
+        break;
+    case T_NIL:
+        if (g_nil_to == VT_ERROR) {
+            V_VT(var) = VT_ERROR;
+            V_ERROR(var) = DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND;
+        }else {
+            V_VT(var) = VT_EMPTY;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        V_VT(var) = VT_DISPATCH;
+        V_DISPATCH(var) = val2dispatch(val);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ole_val2variant2(VALUE val, VARIANT *var)
+{
+    g_nil_to = VT_EMPTY;
+    ole_val2variant(val, var);
+    g_nil_to = VT_ERROR;
+}
+
+VALUE
+make_inspect(const char *class_name, VALUE detail)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    str = rb_str_new2("#<");
+    rb_str_cat2(str, class_name);
+    rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
+    rb_str_concat(str, detail);
+    rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
+    return str;
+}
+
+VALUE
+default_inspect(VALUE self, const char *class_name)
+{
+    VALUE detail = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
+    return make_inspect(class_name, detail);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_set_member(VALUE self, IDispatch *dispatch)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    if (pole->pDispatch) {
+        OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
+        pole->pDispatch = NULL;
+    }
+    pole->pDispatch = dispatch;
+    return self;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+fole_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole;
+    VALUE obj;
+    ole_initialize();
+    obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct oledata, &ole_datatype, pole);
+    pole->pDispatch = NULL;
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+create_win32ole_object(VALUE klass, IDispatch *pDispatch, int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE obj = fole_s_allocate(klass);
+    ole_set_member(obj, pDispatch);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_new_dim(VALUE myary, LONG *pid, LONG *plb, LONG dim) {
+    long i;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    VALUE pobj = Qnil;
+    long *ids = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
+    if (!ids) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
+    }
+    for(i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+        ids[i] = pid[i] - plb[i];
+    }
+    obj = myary;
+    pobj = myary;
+    for(i = 0; i < dim-1; i++) {
+        obj = rb_ary_entry(pobj, ids[i]);
+        if (obj == Qnil) {
+            rb_ary_store(pobj, ids[i], rb_ary_new());
+        }
+        obj = rb_ary_entry(pobj, ids[i]);
+        pobj = obj;
+    }
+    if (ids) free(ids);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ary_store_dim(VALUE myary, LONG *pid, LONG *plb, LONG dim, VALUE val) {
+    long id = pid[dim - 1] - plb[dim - 1];
+    VALUE obj = ary_new_dim(myary, pid, plb, dim);
+    rb_ary_store(obj, id, val);
+}
+
+VALUE
+ole_variant2val(VARIANT *pvar)
+{
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    VARTYPE vt = V_VT(pvar);
+    HRESULT hr;
+    while ( vt == (VT_BYREF | VT_VARIANT) ) {
+        pvar = V_VARIANTREF(pvar);
+        vt = V_VT(pvar);
+    }
+
+    if(V_ISARRAY(pvar)) {
+        VARTYPE vt_base = vt & VT_TYPEMASK;
+        SAFEARRAY *psa = V_ISBYREF(pvar) ? *V_ARRAYREF(pvar) : V_ARRAY(pvar);
+        UINT i = 0;
+        LONG *pid, *plb, *pub;
+        VARIANT variant;
+        VALUE val;
+        UINT dim = 0;
+        if (!psa) {
+            return obj;
+        }
+        dim = SafeArrayGetDim(psa);
+        pid = ALLOC_N(LONG, dim);
+        plb = ALLOC_N(LONG, dim);
+        pub = ALLOC_N(LONG, dim);
+
+        if(!pid || !plb || !pub) {
+            if(pid) free(pid);
+            if(plb) free(plb);
+            if(pub) free(pub);
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
+        }
+
+        for(i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
+            SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, i+1, &plb[i]);
+            SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, i+1, &pid[i]);
+            SafeArrayGetUBound(psa, i+1, &pub[i]);
+        }
+        hr = SafeArrayLock(psa);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            obj = rb_ary_new();
+            i = 0;
+            VariantInit(&variant);
+            V_VT(&variant) = vt_base | VT_BYREF;
+            if (vt_base == VT_RECORD) {
+                hr = SafeArrayGetRecordInfo(psa, &V_RECORDINFO(&variant));
+                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+                    V_VT(&variant) = VT_RECORD;
+                }
+            }
+            while (i < dim) {
+                ary_new_dim(obj, pid, plb, dim);
+                if (vt_base == VT_RECORD)
+                    hr = SafeArrayPtrOfIndex(psa, pid, &V_RECORD(&variant));
+                else
+                    hr = SafeArrayPtrOfIndex(psa, pid, &V_BYREF(&variant));
+                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+                    val = ole_variant2val(&variant);
+                    ary_store_dim(obj, pid, plb, dim, val);
+                }
+                for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
+                    if (++pid[i] <= pub[i])
+                        break;
+                    pid[i] = plb[i];
+                }
+            }
+            SafeArrayUnlock(psa);
+        }
+        if(pid) free(pid);
+        if(plb) free(plb);
+        if(pub) free(pub);
+        return obj;
+    }
+    switch(V_VT(pvar) & ~VT_BYREF){
+    case VT_EMPTY:
+        break;
+    case VT_NULL:
+        break;
+    case VT_I1:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_I1REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_I1(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_UI1:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_UI1REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_UI1(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_I2:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_I2REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_I2(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_UI2:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_UI2REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_UI2(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_I4:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_I4REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_I4(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_UI4:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_UI4REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_UI4(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_INT:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_INTREF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_INT(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_UINT:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)*V_UINTREF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM((long)V_UINT(pvar));
+        break;
+
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+    case VT_I8:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#ifdef V_I8REF
+            obj = I8_2_NUM(*V_I8REF(pvar));
+#endif
+#else
+            obj = Qnil;
+#endif
+        else
+            obj = I8_2_NUM(V_I8(pvar));
+        break;
+    case VT_UI8:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#ifdef V_UI8REF
+            obj = UI8_2_NUM(*V_UI8REF(pvar));
+#endif
+#else
+            obj = Qnil;
+#endif
+        else
+            obj = UI8_2_NUM(V_UI8(pvar));
+        break;
+#endif  /* (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) */
+
+    case VT_R4:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = rb_float_new(*V_R4REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = rb_float_new(V_R4(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_R8:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = rb_float_new(*V_R8REF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = rb_float_new(V_R8(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_BSTR:
+    {
+        BSTR bstr;
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            bstr = *V_BSTRREF(pvar);
+        else
+            bstr = V_BSTR(pvar);
+        obj = (SysStringLen(bstr) == 0)
+            ? rb_str_new2("")
+            : ole_wc2vstr(bstr, FALSE);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VT_ERROR:
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM(*V_ERRORREF(pvar));
+        else
+            obj = RB_INT2NUM(V_ERROR(pvar));
+        break;
+
+    case VT_BOOL:
+        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            obj = (*V_BOOLREF(pvar) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        else
+            obj = (V_BOOL(pvar) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        break;
+
+    case VT_DISPATCH:
+    {
+        IDispatch *pDispatch;
+
+        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            pDispatch = *V_DISPATCHREF(pvar);
+        else
+            pDispatch = V_DISPATCH(pvar);
+
+        if (pDispatch != NULL ) {
+            OLE_ADDREF(pDispatch);
+            obj = create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VT_UNKNOWN:
+    {
+        /* get IDispatch interface from IUnknown interface */
+        IUnknown *punk;
+        IDispatch *pDispatch;
+        void *p;
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            punk = *V_UNKNOWNREF(pvar);
+        else
+            punk = V_UNKNOWN(pvar);
+
+        if(punk != NULL) {
+           hr = punk->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(punk, &IID_IDispatch, &p);
+           if(SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+               pDispatch = p;
+               obj = create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
+           }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VT_DATE:
+    {
+        DATE date;
+        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
+            date = *V_DATEREF(pvar);
+        else
+            date = V_DATE(pvar);
+
+        obj =  vtdate2rbtime(date);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VT_RECORD:
+    {
+        IRecordInfo *pri = V_RECORDINFO(pvar);
+        void *prec = V_RECORD(pvar);
+        obj = create_win32ole_record(pri, prec);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VT_CY:
+    default:
+        {
+        HRESULT hr;
+        VARIANT variant;
+        VariantInit(&variant);
+        hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&variant, pvar,
+                                  cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, VT_BSTR);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && V_VT(&variant) == VT_BSTR) {
+            obj = ole_wc2vstr(V_BSTR(&variant), FALSE);
+        }
+        VariantClear(&variant);
+        break;
+        }
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+LONG
+reg_open_key(HKEY hkey, const char *name, HKEY *phkey)
+{
+    return RegOpenKeyEx(hkey, name, 0, KEY_READ, phkey);
+}
+
+LONG
+reg_open_vkey(HKEY hkey, VALUE key, HKEY *phkey)
+{
+    return reg_open_key(hkey, StringValuePtr(key), phkey);
+}
+
+VALUE
+reg_enum_key(HKEY hkey, DWORD i)
+{
+    char buf[BUFSIZ + 1];
+    DWORD size_buf = sizeof(buf);
+    FILETIME ft;
+    LONG err = RegEnumKeyEx(hkey, i, buf, &size_buf,
+                            NULL, NULL, NULL, &ft);
+    if(err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        buf[BUFSIZ] = '\0';
+        return rb_str_new2(buf);
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+reg_get_val(HKEY hkey, const char *subkey)
+{
+    char *pbuf;
+    DWORD dwtype = 0;
+    DWORD size = 0;
+    VALUE val = Qnil;
+    LONG err = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, subkey, NULL, &dwtype, NULL, &size);
+
+    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        pbuf = ALLOC_N(char, size + 1);
+        err = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, subkey, NULL, &dwtype, (BYTE *)pbuf, &size);
+        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            pbuf[size] = '\0';
+            if (dwtype == REG_EXPAND_SZ) {
+		char* pbuf2 = (char *)pbuf;
+		DWORD len = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(pbuf2, NULL, 0);
+		pbuf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+		ExpandEnvironmentStrings(pbuf2, pbuf, len + 1);
+		free(pbuf2);
+            }
+            val = rb_str_new2((char *)pbuf);
+        }
+        free(pbuf);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+VALUE
+reg_get_val2(HKEY hkey, const char *subkey)
+{
+    HKEY hsubkey;
+    LONG err;
+    VALUE val = Qnil;
+    err = RegOpenKeyEx(hkey, subkey, 0, KEY_READ, &hsubkey);
+    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        val = reg_get_val(hsubkey, NULL);
+        RegCloseKey(hsubkey);
+    }
+    if (val == Qnil) {
+        val = reg_get_val(hkey, subkey);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+static void
+ole_const_load(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE klass, VALUE self)
+{
+    unsigned int count;
+    unsigned int index;
+    int iVar;
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    TYPEATTR  *pTypeAttr;
+    VARDESC   *pVarDesc;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    unsigned int len;
+    BSTR bstr;
+    char *pName = NULL;
+    VALUE val;
+    VALUE constant;
+    ID id;
+    constant = rb_hash_new();
+    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
+    for (index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, index, &pTypeInfo);
+        if (FAILED(hr))
+            continue;
+        hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+            continue;
+        }
+        for(iVar = 0; iVar < pTypeAttr->cVars; iVar++) {
+            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, iVar, &pVarDesc);
+            if(FAILED(hr))
+                continue;
+            if(pVarDesc->varkind == VAR_CONST &&
+               !(pVarDesc->wVarFlags & (VARFLAG_FHIDDEN |
+                                        VARFLAG_FRESTRICTED |
+                                        VARFLAG_FNONBROWSABLE))) {
+                hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc->memid, &bstr,
+                                                 1, &len);
+                if(FAILED(hr) || len == 0 || !bstr)
+                    continue;
+                pName = ole_wc2mb(bstr);
+                val = ole_variant2val(V_UNION1(pVarDesc, lpvarValue));
+                *pName = toupper((int)*pName);
+                id = rb_intern(pName);
+                if (rb_is_const_id(id)) {
+                    if(!rb_const_defined_at(klass, id)) {
+                        rb_define_const(klass, pName, val);
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    rb_hash_aset(constant, rb_str_new2(pName), val);
+                }
+                SysFreeString(bstr);
+                if(pName) {
+                    free(pName);
+                    pName = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
+        }
+        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
+        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    }
+    rb_define_const(klass, "CONSTANTS", constant);
+}
+
+static HRESULT
+clsid_from_remote(VALUE host, VALUE com, CLSID *pclsid)
+{
+    HKEY hlm;
+    HKEY hpid;
+    VALUE subkey;
+    LONG err;
+    char clsid[100];
+    OLECHAR *pbuf;
+    DWORD len;
+    DWORD dwtype;
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+    err = RegConnectRegistry(StringValuePtr(host), HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, &hlm);
+    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
+    subkey = rb_str_new2("SOFTWARE\\Classes\\");
+    rb_str_concat(subkey, com);
+    rb_str_cat2(subkey, "\\CLSID");
+    err = RegOpenKeyEx(hlm, StringValuePtr(subkey), 0, KEY_READ, &hpid);
+    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
+    else {
+        len = sizeof(clsid);
+        err = RegQueryValueEx(hpid, "", NULL, &dwtype, (BYTE *)clsid, &len);
+        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS && dwtype == REG_SZ) {
+            pbuf = ole_mb2wc(clsid, -1, cWIN32OLE_cp);
+            hr = CLSIDFromString(pbuf, pclsid);
+            SysFreeString(pbuf);
+        }
+        else {
+            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
+        }
+        RegCloseKey(hpid);
+    }
+    RegCloseKey(hlm);
+    return hr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_create_dcom(VALUE self, VALUE ole, VALUE host, VALUE others)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    CLSID   clsid;
+    OLECHAR *pbuf;
+
+    COSERVERINFO serverinfo;
+    MULTI_QI multi_qi;
+    DWORD clsctx = CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER;
+
+    if (!gole32)
+        gole32 = LoadLibrary("OLE32");
+    if (!gole32)
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to load OLE32");
+    if (!gCoCreateInstanceEx)
+        gCoCreateInstanceEx = (FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX*)
+            GetProcAddress(gole32, "CoCreateInstanceEx");
+    if (!gCoCreateInstanceEx)
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CoCreateInstanceEx is not supported in this environment");
+
+    pbuf  = ole_vstr2wc(ole);
+    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pbuf, &clsid);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        hr = clsid_from_remote(host, ole, &clsid);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        hr = CLSIDFromString(pbuf, &clsid);
+    SysFreeString(pbuf);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "unknown OLE server: `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(ole));
+    memset(&serverinfo, 0, sizeof(COSERVERINFO));
+    serverinfo.pwszName = ole_vstr2wc(host);
+    memset(&multi_qi, 0, sizeof(MULTI_QI));
+    multi_qi.pIID = &IID_IDispatch;
+    hr = gCoCreateInstanceEx(&clsid, NULL, clsctx, &serverinfo, 1, &multi_qi);
+    SysFreeString(serverinfo.pwszName);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to create DCOM server `%s' in `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(ole),
+                  StringValuePtr(host));
+
+    ole_set_member(self, (IDispatch*)multi_qi.pItf);
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_bind_obj(VALUE moniker, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    IBindCtx *pBindCtx;
+    IMoniker *pMoniker;
+    IDispatch *pDispatch;
+    void *p;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    OLECHAR *pbuf;
+    ULONG eaten = 0;
+
+    ole_initialize();
+
+    hr = CreateBindCtx(0, &pBindCtx);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to create bind context");
+    }
+
+    pbuf  = ole_vstr2wc(moniker);
+    hr = MkParseDisplayName(pBindCtx, pbuf, &eaten, &pMoniker);
+    SysFreeString(pbuf);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        OLE_RELEASE(pBindCtx);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to parse display name of moniker `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(moniker));
+    }
+    hr = pMoniker->lpVtbl->BindToObject(pMoniker, pBindCtx, NULL,
+                                        &IID_IDispatch, &p);
+    pDispatch = p;
+    OLE_RELEASE(pMoniker);
+    OLE_RELEASE(pBindCtx);
+
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to bind moniker `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(moniker));
+    }
+    return create_win32ole_object(self, pDispatch, argc, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.connect( ole ) --> aWIN32OLE
+ *
+ *  Returns running OLE Automation object or WIN32OLE object from moniker.
+ *  1st argument should be OLE program id or class id or moniker.
+ *
+ *     WIN32OLE.connect('Excel.Application') # => WIN32OLE object which represents running Excel.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_connect(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE svr_name;
+    VALUE others;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    CLSID   clsid;
+    OLECHAR *pBuf;
+    IDispatch *pDispatch;
+    void *p;
+    IUnknown *pUnknown;
+
+    /* initialize to use OLE */
+    ole_initialize();
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &svr_name, &others);
+    StringValue(svr_name);
+
+    /* get CLSID from OLE server name */
+    pBuf = ole_vstr2wc(svr_name);
+    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pBuf, &clsid);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &clsid);
+    }
+    SysFreeString(pBuf);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        return ole_bind_obj(svr_name, argc, argv, self);
+    }
+
+    hr = GetActiveObject(&clsid, 0, &pUnknown);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "OLE server `%s' not running", StringValuePtr(svr_name));
+    }
+    hr = pUnknown->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pUnknown, &IID_IDispatch, &p);
+    pDispatch = p;
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        OLE_RELEASE(pUnknown);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to create WIN32OLE server `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
+    }
+
+    OLE_RELEASE(pUnknown);
+
+    return create_win32ole_object(self, pDispatch, argc, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.const_load( ole, mod = WIN32OLE)
+ *
+ *  Defines the constants of OLE Automation server as mod's constants.
+ *  The first argument is WIN32OLE object or type library name.
+ *  If 2nd argument is omitted, the default is WIN32OLE.
+ *  The first letter of Ruby's constant variable name is upper case,
+ *  so constant variable name of WIN32OLE object is capitalized.
+ *  For example, the 'xlTop' constant of Excel is changed to 'XlTop'
+ *  in WIN32OLE.
+ *  If the first letter of constant variable is not [A-Z], then
+ *  the constant is defined as CONSTANTS hash element.
+ *
+ *     module EXCEL_CONST
+ *     end
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     WIN32OLE.const_load(excel, EXCEL_CONST)
+ *     puts EXCEL_CONST::XlTop # => -4160
+ *     puts EXCEL_CONST::CONSTANTS['_xlDialogChartSourceData'] # => 541
+ *
+ *     WIN32OLE.const_load(excel)
+ *     puts WIN32OLE::XlTop # => -4160
+ *
+ *     module MSO
+ *     end
+ *     WIN32OLE.const_load('Microsoft Office 9.0 Object Library', MSO)
+ *     puts MSO::MsoLineSingle # => 1
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_const_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE ole;
+    VALUE klass;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
+    unsigned int index;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    OLECHAR *pBuf;
+    VALUE file;
+    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &ole, &klass);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) &&
+        !RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) &&
+        !RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_NIL)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "2nd parameter must be Class or Module");
+    }
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ole, cWIN32OLE)) {
+        pole = oledata_get_struct(ole);
+        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
+                                                  0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
+        }
+        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &index);
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetContainingTypeLib");
+        }
+        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+        if(!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_NIL)) {
+            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, klass, self);
+        }
+        else {
+            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, cWIN32OLE, self);
+        }
+        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
+    }
+    else if(RB_TYPE_P(ole, T_STRING)) {
+        file = typelib_file(ole);
+        if (file == Qnil) {
+            file = ole;
+        }
+        pBuf = ole_vstr2wc(file);
+        hr = LoadTypeLibEx(pBuf, REGKIND_NONE, &pTypeLib);
+        SysFreeString(pBuf);
+        if (FAILED(hr))
+          ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to LoadTypeLibEx");
+        if(!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_NIL)) {
+            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, klass, self);
+        }
+        else {
+            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, cWIN32OLE, self);
+        }
+        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be WIN32OLE instance");
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static ULONG
+reference_count(struct oledata * pole)
+{
+    ULONG n = 0;
+    if(pole->pDispatch) {
+        OLE_ADDREF(pole->pDispatch);
+        n = OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.ole_reference_count(aWIN32OLE) --> number
+ *
+ *  Returns reference counter of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
+ *  You should not use this method because this method
+ *  exists only for debugging WIN32OLE.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_reference_count(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct oledata * pole = NULL;
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(obj);
+    return RB_INT2NUM(reference_count(pole));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.ole_free(aWIN32OLE) --> number
+ *
+ *  Invokes Release method of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
+ *  You should not use this method because this method
+ *  exists only for debugging WIN32OLE.
+ *  The return value is reference counter of OLE object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_free(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
+{
+    ULONG n = 0;
+    struct oledata * pole = NULL;
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(obj);
+    if(pole->pDispatch) {
+        if (reference_count(pole) > 0) {
+            n = OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
+        }
+    }
+    return RB_INT2NUM(n);
+}
+
+static HWND
+ole_show_help(VALUE helpfile, VALUE helpcontext)
+{
+    FNHTMLHELP *pfnHtmlHelp;
+    HWND hwnd = 0;
+
+    if(!ghhctrl)
+        ghhctrl = LoadLibrary("HHCTRL.OCX");
+    if (!ghhctrl)
+        return hwnd;
+    pfnHtmlHelp = (FNHTMLHELP*)GetProcAddress(ghhctrl, "HtmlHelpA");
+    if (!pfnHtmlHelp)
+        return hwnd;
+    hwnd = pfnHtmlHelp(GetDesktopWindow(), StringValuePtr(helpfile),
+                    0x0f, RB_NUM2INT(helpcontext));
+    if (hwnd == 0)
+        hwnd = pfnHtmlHelp(GetDesktopWindow(), StringValuePtr(helpfile),
+                 0,  RB_NUM2INT(helpcontext));
+    return hwnd;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.ole_show_help(obj [,helpcontext])
+ *
+ *  Displays helpfile. The 1st argument specifies WIN32OLE_TYPE
+ *  object or WIN32OLE_METHOD object or helpfile.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     typeobj = excel.ole_type
+ *     WIN32OLE.ole_show_help(typeobj)
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_show_help(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE target;
+    VALUE helpcontext;
+    VALUE helpfile;
+    VALUE name;
+    HWND  hwnd;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &target, &helpcontext);
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(target, cWIN32OLE_TYPE) ||
+        rb_obj_is_kind_of(target, cWIN32OLE_METHOD)) {
+        helpfile = rb_funcall(target, rb_intern("helpfile"), 0);
+        if(strlen(StringValuePtr(helpfile)) == 0) {
+            name = rb_ivar_get(target, rb_intern("name"));
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "no helpfile of `%s'",
+                     StringValuePtr(name));
+        }
+        helpcontext = rb_funcall(target, rb_intern("helpcontext"), 0);
+    } else {
+        helpfile = target;
+    }
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(helpfile, T_STRING)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be (String|WIN32OLE_TYPE|WIN32OLE_METHOD)");
+    }
+    hwnd = ole_show_help(helpfile, helpcontext);
+    if(hwnd == 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to open help file `%s'",
+                 StringValuePtr(helpfile));
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.codepage
+ *
+ *  Returns current codepage.
+ *     WIN32OLE.codepage # => WIN32OLE::CP_ACP
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_get_code_page(VALUE self)
+{
+    return RB_INT2FIX(cWIN32OLE_cp);
+}
+
+static BOOL CALLBACK
+installed_code_page_proc(LPTSTR str) {
+    if (strtoul(str, NULL, 10) == g_cp_to_check) {
+        g_cp_installed = TRUE;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static BOOL
+code_page_installed(UINT cp)
+{
+    g_cp_installed = FALSE;
+    g_cp_to_check = cp;
+    EnumSystemCodePages(installed_code_page_proc, CP_INSTALLED);
+    return g_cp_installed;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.codepage = CP
+ *
+ *  Sets current codepage.
+ *  The WIN32OLE.codepage is initialized according to
+ *  Encoding.default_internal.
+ *  If Encoding.default_internal is nil then WIN32OLE.codepage
+ *  is initialized according to Encoding.default_external.
+ *
+ *     WIN32OLE.codepage = WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8
+ *     WIN32OLE.codepage = 65001
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_set_code_page(VALUE self, VALUE vcp)
+{
+    UINT cp = RB_FIX2INT(vcp);
+    set_ole_codepage(cp);
+    /*
+     * Should this method return old codepage?
+     */
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.locale -> locale id.
+ *
+ *  Returns current locale id (lcid). The default locale is
+ *  WIN32OLE::LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT.
+ *
+ *     lcid = WIN32OLE.locale
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_get_locale(VALUE self)
+{
+    return RB_INT2FIX(cWIN32OLE_lcid);
+}
+
+static BOOL
+CALLBACK installed_lcid_proc(LPTSTR str)
+{
+    if (strcmp(str, g_lcid_to_check) == 0) {
+        g_lcid_installed = TRUE;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static BOOL
+lcid_installed(LCID lcid)
+{
+    g_lcid_installed = FALSE;
+    snprintf(g_lcid_to_check, sizeof(g_lcid_to_check), "%08lx", (unsigned long)lcid);
+    EnumSystemLocales(installed_lcid_proc, LCID_INSTALLED);
+    return g_lcid_installed;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.locale = lcid
+ *
+ *  Sets current locale id (lcid).
+ *
+ *     WIN32OLE.locale = 1033 # set locale English(U.S)
+ *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new("$100,000", WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_CY)
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_set_locale(VALUE self, VALUE vlcid)
+{
+    LCID lcid = RB_FIX2INT(vlcid);
+    if (lcid_installed(lcid)) {
+        cWIN32OLE_lcid = lcid;
+    } else {
+        switch (lcid) {
+        case LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:
+        case LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT:
+            cWIN32OLE_lcid = lcid;
+            break;
+        default:
+            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not installed locale: %u", (unsigned int)lcid);
+        }
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.create_guid
+ *
+ *  Creates GUID.
+ *     WIN32OLE.create_guid # => {1CB530F1-F6B1-404D-BCE6-1959BF91F4A8}
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_create_guid(VALUE self)
+{
+    GUID guid;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    OLECHAR bstr[80];
+    int len = 0;
+    hr = CoCreateGuid(&guid);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to create GUID");
+    }
+    len = StringFromGUID2(&guid, bstr, sizeof(bstr)/sizeof(OLECHAR));
+    if (len == 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to create GUID(buffer over)");
+    }
+    return ole_wc2vstr(bstr, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * WIN32OLE.ole_initialize and WIN32OLE.ole_uninitialize
+ * are used in win32ole.rb to fix the issue bug #2618 (ruby-core:27634).
+ * You must not use these method.
+ */
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_ole_initialize(VALUE self)
+{
+    ole_initialize();
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+fole_s_ole_uninitialize(VALUE self)
+{
+    ole_uninitialize();
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: WIN32OLE
+ *
+ *   <code>WIN32OLE</code> objects represent OLE Automation object in Ruby.
+ *
+ *   By using WIN32OLE, you can access OLE server like VBScript.
+ *
+ *   Here is sample script.
+ *
+ *     require 'win32ole'
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     excel.visible = true
+ *     workbook = excel.Workbooks.Add();
+ *     worksheet = workbook.Worksheets(1);
+ *     worksheet.Range("A1:D1").value = ["North","South","East","West"];
+ *     worksheet.Range("A2:B2").value = [5.2, 10];
+ *     worksheet.Range("C2").value = 8;
+ *     worksheet.Range("D2").value = 20;
+ *
+ *     range = worksheet.Range("A1:D2");
+ *     range.select
+ *     chart = workbook.Charts.Add;
+ *
+ *     workbook.saved = true;
+ *
+ *     excel.ActiveWorkbook.Close(0);
+ *     excel.Quit();
+ *
+ *   Unfortunately, Win32OLE doesn't support the argument passed by
+ *   reference directly.
+ *   Instead, Win32OLE provides WIN32OLE::ARGV or WIN32OLE_VARIANT object.
+ *   If you want to get the result value of argument passed by reference,
+ *   you can use WIN32OLE::ARGV or WIN32OLE_VARIANT.
+ *
+ *     oleobj.method(arg1, arg2, refargv3)
+ *     puts WIN32OLE::ARGV[2]   # the value of refargv3 after called oleobj.method
+ *
+ *   or
+ *
+ *     refargv3 = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new(XXX,
+ *                 WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BYREF|WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_XXX)
+ *     oleobj.method(arg1, arg2, refargv3)
+ *     p refargv3.value # the value of refargv3 after called oleobj.method.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.new(server, [host]) -> WIN32OLE object
+ *     WIN32OLE.new(server, license: 'key') -> WIN32OLE object
+ *
+ *  Returns a new WIN32OLE object(OLE Automation object).
+ *  The first argument server specifies OLE Automation server.
+ *  The first argument should be CLSID or PROGID.
+ *  If second argument host specified, then returns OLE Automation
+ *  object on host.
+ *  If :license keyword argument is provided,
+ *  IClassFactory2::CreateInstanceLic is used to create instance of
+ *  licensed server.
+ *
+ *      WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application') # => Excel OLE Automation WIN32OLE object.
+ *      WIN32OLE.new('{00024500-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}') # => Excel OLE Automation WIN32OLE object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE svr_name;
+    VALUE host;
+    VALUE others;
+    VALUE opts;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    CLSID   clsid;
+    OLECHAR *pBuf;
+    OLECHAR *key_buf;
+    IDispatch *pDispatch;
+    IClassFactory2 * pIClassFactory2;
+    void *p;
+    static ID keyword_ids[1];
+    VALUE kwargs[1];
+
+    rb_call_super(0, 0);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11*:", &svr_name, &host, &others, &opts);
+
+    StringValue(svr_name);
+    if (!NIL_P(host)) {
+        StringValue(host);
+        return ole_create_dcom(self, svr_name, host, others);
+    }
+
+    /* get CLSID from OLE server name */
+    pBuf  = ole_vstr2wc(svr_name);
+    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pBuf, &clsid);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &clsid);
+    }
+    SysFreeString(pBuf);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "unknown OLE server: `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
+    }
+
+    if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
+        keyword_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("license");
+    }
+    rb_get_kwargs(opts, keyword_ids, 0, 1, kwargs);
+
+    if (kwargs[0] == Qundef) {
+        /* get IDispatch interface */
+        hr = CoCreateInstance(
+            &clsid,
+            NULL,
+            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER | CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
+            &IID_IDispatch,
+            &p
+        );
+    } else {
+        hr = CoGetClassObject(
+            &clsid,
+            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER | CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
+            NULL,
+            &IID_IClassFactory2,
+            (LPVOID)&pIClassFactory2
+        );
+        if (hr == S_OK) {
+            key_buf = ole_vstr2wc(kwargs[0]);
+            hr = pIClassFactory2->lpVtbl->CreateInstanceLic(pIClassFactory2, NULL, NULL, &IID_IDispatch, key_buf, &p);
+            SysFreeString(key_buf);
+            OLE_RELEASE(pIClassFactory2);
+        }
+    }
+    pDispatch = p;
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "failed to create WIN32OLE object from `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
+    }
+
+    ole_set_member(self, pDispatch);
+    return self;
+}
+
+static int
+hash2named_arg(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE pop)
+{
+    struct oleparam* pOp = (struct oleparam *)pop;
+    unsigned int index, i;
+    index = pOp->dp.cNamedArgs;
+    /*---------------------------------------------
+      the data-type of key must be String or Symbol
+    -----------------------------------------------*/
+    if(!RB_TYPE_P(key, T_STRING) && !RB_TYPE_P(key, T_SYMBOL)) {
+        /* clear name of dispatch parameters */
+        for(i = 1; i < index + 1; i++) {
+            SysFreeString(pOp->pNamedArgs[i]);
+        }
+        /* clear dispatch parameters */
+        for(i = 0; i < index; i++ ) {
+            VariantClear(&(pOp->dp.rgvarg[i]));
+        }
+        /* raise an exception */
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(key, T_SYMBOL)) {
+	key = rb_sym2str(key);
+    }
+
+    /* pNamedArgs[0] is <method name>, so "index + 1" */
+    pOp->pNamedArgs[index + 1] = ole_vstr2wc(key);
+
+    VariantInit(&(pOp->dp.rgvarg[index]));
+    ole_val2variant(val, &(pOp->dp.rgvarg[index]));
+
+    pOp->dp.cNamedArgs += 1;
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+set_argv(VARIANTARG* realargs, unsigned int beg, unsigned int end)
+{
+    VALUE argv = rb_const_get(cWIN32OLE, rb_intern("ARGV"));
+
+    Check_Type(argv, T_ARRAY);
+    rb_ary_clear(argv);
+    while (end-- > beg) {
+        rb_ary_push(argv, ole_variant2val(&realargs[end]));
+        if (V_VT(&realargs[end]) != VT_RECORD) {
+            VariantClear(&realargs[end]);
+        }
+    }
+    return argv;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, USHORT wFlags, BOOL is_bracket)
+{
+    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    VALUE cmd;
+    VALUE paramS;
+    VALUE param;
+    VALUE obj;
+    VALUE v;
+
+    BSTR wcmdname;
+
+    DISPID DispID;
+    DISPID* pDispID;
+    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
+    VARIANT result;
+    VARIANTARG* realargs = NULL;
+    unsigned int argErr = 0;
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int cNamedArgs;
+    int n;
+    struct oleparam op;
+    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
+
+    VariantInit(&result);
+
+    op.dp.rgvarg = NULL;
+    op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;
+    op.dp.cNamedArgs = 0;
+    op.dp.cArgs = 0;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &cmd, &paramS);
+    if(!RB_TYPE_P(cmd, T_STRING) && !RB_TYPE_P(cmd, T_SYMBOL) && !is_bracket) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "method is wrong type (expected String or Symbol)");
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(cmd, T_SYMBOL)) {
+	cmd = rb_sym2str(cmd);
+    }
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    if(!pole->pDispatch) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get dispatch interface");
+    }
+    if (is_bracket) {
+        DispID = DISPID_VALUE;
+        argc += 1;
+	rb_ary_unshift(paramS, cmd);
+    } else {
+        wcmdname = ole_vstr2wc(cmd);
+        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames( pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
+                &wcmdname, 1, lcid, &DispID);
+        SysFreeString(wcmdname);
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            return rb_eNoMethodError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* pick up last argument of method */
+    param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, argc-2);
+
+    op.dp.cNamedArgs = 0;
+
+    /* if last arg is hash object */
+    if(RB_TYPE_P(param, T_HASH)) {
+        /*------------------------------------------
+          hash object ==> named dispatch parameters
+        --------------------------------------------*/
+        cNamedArgs = rb_long2int(RHASH_SIZE(param));
+        op.dp.cArgs = cNamedArgs + argc - 2;
+        op.pNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N(OLECHAR*, cNamedArgs + 1);
+        op.dp.rgvarg = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs);
+
+        rb_hash_foreach(param, hash2named_arg, (VALUE)&op);
+
+        pDispID = ALLOCA_N(DISPID, cNamedArgs + 1);
+        op.pNamedArgs[0] = ole_vstr2wc(cmd);
+        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pole->pDispatch,
+                                                    &IID_NULL,
+                                                    op.pNamedArgs,
+                                                    op.dp.cNamedArgs + 1,
+                                                    lcid, pDispID);
+        for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cNamedArgs + 1; i++) {
+            SysFreeString(op.pNamedArgs[i]);
+            op.pNamedArgs[i] = NULL;
+        }
+        if(FAILED(hr)) {
+            /* clear dispatch parameters */
+            for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++ ) {
+                VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[i]);
+            }
+            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                      "failed to get named argument info: `%s'",
+                      StringValuePtr(cmd));
+        }
+        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = &(pDispID[1]);
+    }
+    else {
+        cNamedArgs = 0;
+        op.dp.cArgs = argc - 1;
+        op.pNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N(OLECHAR*, cNamedArgs + 1);
+        if (op.dp.cArgs > 0) {
+            op.dp.rgvarg  = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs);
+        }
+    }
+    /*--------------------------------------
+      non hash args ==> dispatch parameters
+     ----------------------------------------*/
+    if(op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
+        realargs = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs-cNamedArgs+1);
+        for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+            n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+            VariantInit(&realargs[n]);
+            VariantInit(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+            param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
+            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
+                ole_variant2variant(param, &op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+            } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_RECORD)) {
+                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[n]);
+                op.dp.rgvarg[n] = realargs[n];
+                V_VT(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) = VT_RECORD | VT_BYREF;
+            } else {
+                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[n]);
+                V_VT(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) = VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF;
+                V_VARIANTREF(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) = &realargs[n];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /* apparent you need to call propput, you need this */
+    if (wFlags & DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT) {
+        if (op.dp.cArgs == 0)
+            ole_raise(ResultFromScode(E_INVALIDARG), eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "argument error");
+
+        op.dp.cNamedArgs = 1;
+        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N( DISPID, 1 );
+        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs[0] = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
+    }
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
+                                         &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags, &op.dp,
+                                         &result, &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        /* retry to call args by value */
+        if(op.dp.cArgs >= cNamedArgs) {
+            for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+                n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+                param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
+                ole_val2variant(param, &op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+            }
+            if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
+                ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
+            }
+            memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
+            VariantInit(&result);
+            hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
+                                                 &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
+                                                 &op.dp, &result,
+                                                 &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+            /* mega kludge. if a method in WORD is called and we ask
+             * for a result when one is not returned then
+             * hResult == DISP_E_EXCEPTION. this only happens on
+             * functions whose DISPID > 0x8000 */
+            if ((hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION || hr == DISP_E_MEMBERNOTFOUND) && DispID > 0x8000) {
+                if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
+                    ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
+                }
+                memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
+                hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
+                        &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
+                        &op.dp, NULL,
+                        &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+            }
+            for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+                n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+                if (V_VT(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) != VT_RECORD) {
+                    VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            /* retry after converting nil to VT_EMPTY */
+            if (op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
+                for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+                    n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+                    param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
+                    ole_val2variant2(param, &op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+                }
+                if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
+                    ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
+                }
+                memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
+                VariantInit(&result);
+                hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
+                        &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
+                        &op.dp, &result,
+                        &excepinfo, &argErr);
+                for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+                    n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+                    if (V_VT(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) != VT_RECORD) {
+                        VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    /* clear dispatch parameter */
+    if(op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
+        for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+            n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
+            param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
+            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
+                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[n]);
+            } else if ( rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_RECORD) &&
+                        V_VT(&realargs[n]) == VT_RECORD ) {
+                olerecord_set_ivar(param, V_RECORDINFO(&realargs[n]), V_RECORD(&realargs[n]));
+            }
+        }
+        set_argv(realargs, cNamedArgs, op.dp.cArgs);
+    }
+    else {
+        for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
+            VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in OLE method `%s': )%s",
+                  StringValuePtr(cmd),
+                  StringValuePtr(v));
+    }
+    obj = ole_variant2val(&result);
+    VariantClear(&result);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#invoke(method, [arg1,...])  => return value of method.
+ *
+ *  Runs OLE method.
+ *  The first argument specifies the method name of OLE Automation object.
+ *  The others specify argument of the <i>method</i>.
+ *  If you can not execute <i>method</i> directly, then use this method instead.
+ *
+ *    excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *    excel.invoke('Quit')  # => same as excel.Quit
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE v = ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_METHOD|DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, FALSE);
+    if (v == rb_eNoMethodError) {
+        return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types, USHORT dispkind)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    unsigned int argErr = 0;
+    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
+    VARIANT result;
+    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
+    VARIANTARG* realargs = NULL;
+    int i, j; VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    VALUE tp, param;
+    VALUE v;
+    VARTYPE vt;
+
+    Check_Type(args, T_ARRAY);
+    Check_Type(types, T_ARRAY);
+
+    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
+    memset(&dispParams, 0, sizeof(DISPPARAMS));
+    VariantInit(&result);
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+
+    dispParams.cArgs = RARRAY_LEN(args);
+    dispParams.rgvarg = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, dispParams.cArgs);
+    realargs = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, dispParams.cArgs);
+    for (i = 0, j = dispParams.cArgs - 1; i < (int)dispParams.cArgs; i++, j--)
+    {
+        VariantInit(&realargs[i]);
+        VariantInit(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]);
+        tp = rb_ary_entry(types, j);
+        vt = (VARTYPE)RB_FIX2INT(tp);
+        V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = vt;
+        param = rb_ary_entry(args, j);
+        if (param == Qnil)
+        {
+
+            V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_VT(&realargs[i]) = VT_ERROR;
+            V_ERROR(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_ERROR(&realargs[i]) = DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (vt & VT_ARRAY)
+            {
+                int ent;
+                LPBYTE pb;
+                short* ps;
+                LPLONG pl;
+                VARIANT* pv;
+                CY *py;
+                VARTYPE v;
+                SAFEARRAYBOUND rgsabound[1];
+                Check_Type(param, T_ARRAY);
+                rgsabound[0].lLbound = 0;
+                rgsabound[0].cElements = RARRAY_LEN(param);
+                v = vt & ~(VT_ARRAY | VT_BYREF);
+                V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]) = SafeArrayCreate(v, 1, rgsabound);
+                V_VT(&realargs[i]) = VT_ARRAY | v;
+                SafeArrayLock(V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]));
+                pb = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
+                ps = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
+                pl = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
+                py = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
+                pv = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
+                for (ent = 0; ent < (int)rgsabound[0].cElements; ent++)
+                {
+                    VARIANT velem;
+                    VALUE elem = rb_ary_entry(param, ent);
+                    ole_val2variant(elem, &velem);
+                    if (v != VT_VARIANT)
+                    {
+                        VariantChangeTypeEx(&velem, &velem,
+                            cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, v);
+                    }
+                    switch (v)
+                    {
+                    /* 128 bits */
+                    case VT_VARIANT:
+                        *pv++ = velem;
+                        break;
+                    /* 64 bits */
+                    case VT_R8:
+                    case VT_CY:
+                    case VT_DATE:
+                        *py++ = V_CY(&velem);
+                        break;
+                    /* 16 bits */
+                    case VT_BOOL:
+                    case VT_I2:
+                    case VT_UI2:
+                        *ps++ = V_I2(&velem);
+                        break;
+                    /* 8 bites */
+                    case VT_UI1:
+                    case VT_I1:
+                        *pb++ = V_UI1(&velem);
+                        break;
+                    /* 32 bits */
+                    default:
+                        *pl++ = V_I4(&velem);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                SafeArrayUnlock(V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[i]);
+                if ((vt & (~VT_BYREF)) != VT_VARIANT)
+                {
+                    hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&realargs[i], &realargs[i],
+                                             cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0,
+                                             (VARTYPE)(vt & (~VT_BYREF)));
+                    if (hr != S_OK)
+                    {
+                        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ((vt & VT_BYREF) || vt == VT_VARIANT)
+            {
+                if (vt == VT_VARIANT)
+                    V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF;
+                switch (vt & (~VT_BYREF))
+                {
+                /* 128 bits */
+                case VT_VARIANT:
+                    V_VARIANTREF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &realargs[i];
+                    break;
+                /* 64 bits */
+                case VT_R8:
+                case VT_CY:
+                case VT_DATE:
+                    V_CYREF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_CY(&realargs[i]);
+                    break;
+                /* 16 bits */
+                case VT_BOOL:
+                case VT_I2:
+                case VT_UI2:
+                    V_I2REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_I2(&realargs[i]);
+                    break;
+                /* 8 bites */
+                case VT_UI1:
+                case VT_I1:
+                    V_UI1REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_UI1(&realargs[i]);
+                    break;
+                /* 32 bits */
+                default:
+                    V_I4REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_I4(&realargs[i]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* copy 64 bits of data */
+                V_CY(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_CY(&realargs[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dispkind & DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT) {
+        dispParams.cNamedArgs = 1;
+        dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N( DISPID, 1 );
+        dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs[0] = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
+    }
+
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, RB_NUM2INT(dispid),
+                                         &IID_NULL, cWIN32OLE_lcid,
+                                         dispkind,
+                                         &dispParams, &result,
+                                         &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in OLE method `<dispatch id:%d>': )%s",
+                  RB_NUM2INT(dispid),
+                  StringValuePtr(v));
+    }
+
+    /* clear dispatch parameter */
+    if(dispParams.cArgs > 0) {
+        set_argv(realargs, 0, dispParams.cArgs);
+    }
+
+    obj = ole_variant2val(&result);
+    VariantClear(&result);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ *   call-seq:
+ *      WIN32OLE#_invoke(dispid, args, types)
+ *
+ *   Runs the early binding method.
+ *   The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
+ *   the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
+ *   the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
+ *
+ *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *      excel._invoke(302, [], []) #  same effect as excel.Quit
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
+{
+    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_METHOD);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#_getproperty(dispid, args, types)
+ *
+ *  Runs the early binding method to get property.
+ *  The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
+ *  the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
+ *  the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     puts excel._getproperty(558, [], []) # same effect as puts excel.visible
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_getproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
+{
+    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET);
+}
+
+/*
+ *   call-seq:
+ *      WIN32OLE#_setproperty(dispid, args, types)
+ *
+ *   Runs the early binding method to set property.
+ *   The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
+ *   the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
+ *   the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
+ *
+ *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *      excel._setproperty(558, [true], [WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BOOL]) # same effect as excel.visible = true
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_setproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
+{
+    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE[a1, a2, ...]=val
+ *
+ *  Sets the value to WIN32OLE object specified by a1, a2, ...
+ *
+ *     dict = WIN32OLE.new('Scripting.Dictionary')
+ *     dict.add('ruby', 'RUBY')
+ *     dict['ruby'] = 'Ruby'
+ *     puts dict['ruby'] # => 'Ruby'
+ *
+ *  Remark: You can not use this method to set the property value.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     # excel['Visible'] = true # This is error !!!
+ *     excel.Visible = true # You should to use this style to set the property.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_setproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE v = ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, TRUE);
+    if (v == rb_eNoMethodError) {
+        return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE.setproperty('property', [arg1, arg2,...] val)
+ *
+ *  Sets property of OLE object.
+ *  When you want to set property with argument, you can use this method.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     excel.Visible = true
+ *     book = excel.workbooks.add
+ *     sheet = book.worksheets(1)
+ *     sheet.setproperty('Cells', 1, 2, 10) # => The B1 cell value is 10.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_setproperty(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE v = ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, FALSE);
+    if (v == rb_eNoMethodError) {
+        return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE[a1,a2,...]
+ *
+ *  Returns the value of Collection specified by a1, a2,....
+ *
+ *     dict = WIN32OLE.new('Scripting.Dictionary')
+ *     dict.add('ruby', 'Ruby')
+ *     puts dict['ruby'] # => 'Ruby' (same as `puts dict.item('ruby')')
+ *
+ *  Remark: You can not use this method to get the property.
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     # puts excel['Visible']  This is error !!!
+ *     puts excel.Visible # You should to use this style to get the property.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_getproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE v = ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, TRUE);
+    if (v == rb_eNoMethodError) {
+        return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_propertyput(VALUE self, VALUE property, VALUE value)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    unsigned argErr;
+    unsigned int index;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
+    DISPID dispID = DISPID_VALUE;
+    DISPID dispIDParam = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
+    USHORT wFlags = DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT|DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUTREF;
+    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
+    VARIANTARG propertyValue[2];
+    OLECHAR* pBuf[1];
+    VALUE v;
+    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = &dispIDParam;
+    dispParams.rgvarg = propertyValue;
+    dispParams.cNamedArgs = 1;
+    dispParams.cArgs = 1;
+
+    VariantInit(&propertyValue[0]);
+    VariantInit(&propertyValue[1]);
+    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(excepinfo));
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+
+    /* get ID from property name */
+    pBuf[0]  = ole_vstr2wc(property);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
+                                                pBuf, 1, lcid, &dispID);
+    SysFreeString(pBuf[0]);
+    pBuf[0] = NULL;
+
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "unknown property or method: `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(property));
+    }
+    /* set property value */
+    ole_val2variant(value, &propertyValue[0]);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, dispID, &IID_NULL,
+                                         lcid, wFlags, &dispParams,
+                                         NULL, &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+    for(index = 0; index < dispParams.cArgs; ++index) {
+        VariantClear(&propertyValue[index]);
+    }
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in setting property `%s': )%s",
+                  StringValuePtr(property),
+                  StringValuePtr(v));
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_free
+ *
+ *  invokes Release method of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
+ *  Usually, you do not need to call this method because Release method
+ *  called automatically when WIN32OLE object garbaged.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_free(VALUE self)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    OLE_FREE(pole->pDispatch);
+    pole->pDispatch = NULL;
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_each_sub(VALUE pEnumV)
+{
+    VARIANT variant;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = (IEnumVARIANT *)pEnumV;
+    VariantInit(&variant);
+    while(pEnum->lpVtbl->Next(pEnum, 1, &variant, NULL) == S_OK) {
+        obj = ole_variant2val(&variant);
+        VariantClear(&variant);
+        VariantInit(&variant);
+        rb_yield(obj);
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_ienum_free(VALUE pEnumV)
+{
+    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = (IEnumVARIANT *)pEnumV;
+    OLE_RELEASE(pEnum);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#each {|i|...}
+ *
+ *  Iterates over each item of OLE collection which has IEnumVARIANT interface.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     book = excel.workbooks.add
+ *     sheets = book.worksheets(1)
+ *     cells = sheets.cells("A1:A5")
+ *     cells.each do |cell|
+ *       cell.value = 10
+ *     end
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_each(VALUE self)
+{
+    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+
+    unsigned int argErr;
+    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
+    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
+    VARIANT result;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = NULL;
+    void *p;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0);
+
+    VariantInit(&result);
+    dispParams.rgvarg = NULL;
+    dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;
+    dispParams.cNamedArgs = 0;
+    dispParams.cArgs = 0;
+    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(excepinfo));
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DISPID_NEWENUM,
+                                         &IID_NULL, lcid,
+                                         DISPATCH_METHOD | DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET,
+                                         &dispParams, &result,
+                                         &excepinfo, &argErr);
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        VariantClear(&result);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to get IEnum Interface");
+    }
+
+    if (V_VT(&result) == VT_UNKNOWN) {
+        hr = V_UNKNOWN(&result)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(V_UNKNOWN(&result),
+                                                        &IID_IEnumVARIANT,
+                                                        &p);
+        pEnum = p;
+    } else if (V_VT(&result) == VT_DISPATCH) {
+        hr = V_DISPATCH(&result)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(V_DISPATCH(&result),
+                                                         &IID_IEnumVARIANT,
+                                                         &p);
+        pEnum = p;
+    }
+    if (FAILED(hr) || !pEnum) {
+        VariantClear(&result);
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to get IEnum Interface");
+    }
+
+    VariantClear(&result);
+    rb_ensure(ole_each_sub, (VALUE)pEnum, ole_ienum_free, (VALUE)pEnum);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#method_missing(id [,arg1, arg2, ...])
+ *
+ *  Calls WIN32OLE#invoke method.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_missing(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE mid, org_mid, sym, v;
+    const char* mname;
+    long n;
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
+    mid = org_mid = argv[0];
+    sym = rb_check_symbol(&mid);
+    if (!NIL_P(sym)) mid = rb_sym2str(sym);
+    mname = StringValueCStr(mid);
+    if(!mname) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: unknown method or property");
+    }
+    n = RSTRING_LEN(mid);
+    if(mname[n-1] == '=') {
+        rb_check_arity(argc, 2, 2);
+        argv[0] = rb_enc_associate(rb_str_subseq(mid, 0, n-1), cWIN32OLE_enc);
+
+        return ole_propertyput(self, argv[0], argv[1]);
+    }
+    else {
+        argv[0] = rb_enc_associate(rb_str_dup(mid), cWIN32OLE_enc);
+        v = ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_METHOD|DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, FALSE);
+        if (v == rb_eNoMethodError) {
+            argv[0] = org_mid;
+            return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+}
+
+static HRESULT
+typeinfo_from_ole(struct oledata *pole, ITypeInfo **ppti)
+{
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
+    BSTR bstr;
+    VALUE type;
+    UINT i;
+    UINT count;
+    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    HRESULT hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
+                                                      0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
+    }
+    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeInfo,
+                                             -1,
+                                             &bstr,
+                                             NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    type = WC2VSTR(bstr);
+    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &i);
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetContainingTypeLib");
+    }
+    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
+                                                &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && rb_str_cmp(WC2VSTR(bstr), type) == 0) {
+            hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, i, &pTypeInfo);
+            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+                *ppti = pTypeInfo;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
+    return hr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_methods(VALUE self, int mask)
+{
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    VALUE methods;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    methods = rb_ary_new();
+
+    hr = typeinfo_from_ole(pole, &pTypeInfo);
+    if(FAILED(hr))
+        return methods;
+    rb_ary_concat(methods, ole_methods_from_typeinfo(pTypeInfo, mask));
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    return methods;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_methods
+ *
+ *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object.
+ *  The element is OLE method of WIN32OLE object.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     methods = excel.ole_methods
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_methods(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_FUNC | INVOKE_PROPERTYGET | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_get_methods
+ *
+ *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
+ *  The element of the array is property (gettable) of WIN32OLE object.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     properties = excel.ole_get_methods
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_get_methods(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_PROPERTYGET);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_put_methods
+ *
+ *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
+ *  The element of the array is property (settable) of WIN32OLE object.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     properties = excel.ole_put_methods
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_put_methods(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT|INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_func_methods
+ *
+ *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
+ *  The element of the array is property (settable) of WIN32OLE object.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     properties = excel.ole_func_methods
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_func_methods(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_FUNC);
+}
+
+/*
+ *   call-seq:
+ *      WIN32OLE#ole_type
+ *
+ *   Returns WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
+ *
+ *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *      tobj = excel.ole_type
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    LCID  lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    VALUE type = Qnil;
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo( pole->pDispatch, 0, lcid, &pTypeInfo );
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
+    }
+    type = ole_type_from_itypeinfo(pTypeInfo);
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    if (type == Qnil) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to create WIN32OLE_TYPE obj from ITypeInfo");
+    }
+    return type;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_typelib -> The WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object
+ *
+ *  Returns the WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object. The object represents the
+ *  type library which contains the WIN32OLE object.
+ *
+ *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *     tlib = excel.ole_typelib
+ *     puts tlib.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_typelib(VALUE self)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    LCID  lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    VALUE vtlib = Qnil;
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
+                                              0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
+    }
+    vtlib = ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo(pTypeInfo);
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    if (vtlib == Qnil) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get type library info.");
+    }
+    return vtlib;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_query_interface(iid) -> WIN32OLE object
+ *
+ *  Returns WIN32OLE object for a specific dispatch or dual
+ *  interface specified by iid.
+ *
+ *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
+ *      ie_web_app = ie.ole_query_interface('{0002DF05-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}') # => WIN32OLE object for dispinterface IWebBrowserApp
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_query_interface(VALUE self, VALUE str_iid)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    OLECHAR *pBuf;
+    IID iid;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    IDispatch *pDispatch;
+    void *p;
+
+    pBuf  = ole_vstr2wc(str_iid);
+    hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &iid);
+    SysFreeString(pBuf);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
+                  "invalid iid: `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(str_iid));
+    }
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    if(!pole->pDispatch) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get dispatch interface");
+    }
+
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pole->pDispatch, &iid,
+                                                 &p);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError,
+                  "failed to get interface `%s'",
+                  StringValuePtr(str_iid));
+    }
+
+    pDispatch = p;
+    return create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_respond_to?(method) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns true when OLE object has OLE method, otherwise returns false.
+ *
+ *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
+ *      ie.ole_respond_to?("gohome") => true
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_respond_to(VALUE self, VALUE method)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    BSTR wcmdname;
+    DISPID DispID;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    if(!RB_TYPE_P(method, T_STRING) && !RB_TYPE_P(method, T_SYMBOL)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(method, T_SYMBOL)) {
+        method = rb_sym2str(method);
+    }
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    wcmdname = ole_vstr2wc(method);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames( pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
+	    &wcmdname, 1, cWIN32OLE_lcid, &DispID);
+    SysFreeString(wcmdname);
+    return SUCCEEDED(hr) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+HRESULT
+ole_docinfo_from_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, BSTR *name, BSTR *helpstr, DWORD *helpcontext, BSTR *helpfile)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
+    UINT i;
+
+    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &i);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
+                                            name, helpstr,
+                                            helpcontext, helpfile);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
+        return hr;
+    }
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
+    return hr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_usertype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    BSTR bstr;
+    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
+    VALUE type = Qnil;
+
+    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo,
+                                           V_UNION1(pTypeDesc, hreftype),
+                                           &pRefTypeInfo);
+    if(FAILED(hr))
+        return Qnil;
+    hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pRefTypeInfo, &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    if(FAILED(hr)) {
+        OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
+    type = WC2VSTR(bstr);
+    if(typedetails != Qnil)
+        rb_ary_push(typedetails, type);
+    return type;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ole_ptrtype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
+{
+    TYPEDESC *p = pTypeDesc;
+    VALUE type = rb_str_new2("");
+
+    if (p->vt == VT_PTR || p->vt == VT_SAFEARRAY) {
+        p = V_UNION1(p, lptdesc);
+        type = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, p, typedetails);
+    }
+    return type;
+}
+
+VALUE
+ole_typedesc2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE typestr = Qnil;
+    switch(pTypeDesc->vt) {
+    case VT_I2:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("I2");
+        break;
+    case VT_I4:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("I4");
+        break;
+    case VT_R4:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("R4");
+        break;
+    case VT_R8:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("R8");
+        break;
+    case VT_CY:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("CY");
+        break;
+    case VT_DATE:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("DATE");
+        break;
+    case VT_BSTR:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("BSTR");
+        break;
+    case VT_BOOL:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("BOOL");
+        break;
+    case VT_VARIANT:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("VARIANT");
+        break;
+    case VT_DECIMAL:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("DECIMAL");
+        break;
+    case VT_I1:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("I1");
+        break;
+    case VT_UI1:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI1");
+        break;
+    case VT_UI2:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI2");
+        break;
+    case VT_UI4:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI4");
+        break;
+#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+    case VT_I8:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("I8");
+        break;
+    case VT_UI8:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI8");
+        break;
+#endif
+    case VT_INT:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("INT");
+        break;
+    case VT_UINT:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UINT");
+        break;
+    case VT_VOID:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("VOID");
+        break;
+    case VT_HRESULT:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("HRESULT");
+        break;
+    case VT_PTR:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("PTR");
+        if(typedetails != Qnil)
+            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
+        return ole_ptrtype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
+    case VT_SAFEARRAY:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("SAFEARRAY");
+        if(typedetails != Qnil)
+            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
+        return ole_ptrtype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
+    case VT_CARRAY:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("CARRAY");
+        break;
+    case VT_USERDEFINED:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("USERDEFINED");
+        if (typedetails != Qnil)
+            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
+        str = ole_usertype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
+        if (str != Qnil) {
+            return str;
+        }
+        return typestr;
+    case VT_UNKNOWN:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
+        break;
+    case VT_DISPATCH:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("DISPATCH");
+        break;
+    case VT_ERROR:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("ERROR");
+        break;
+    case VT_LPWSTR:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("LPWSTR");
+        break;
+    case VT_LPSTR:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("LPSTR");
+        break;
+    case VT_RECORD:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("RECORD");
+        break;
+    default:
+        typestr = rb_str_new2("Unknown Type ");
+        rb_str_concat(typestr, rb_fix2str(RB_INT2FIX(pTypeDesc->vt), 10));
+        break;
+    }
+    if (typedetails != Qnil)
+        rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
+    return typestr;
+}
+
+/*
+ *   call-seq:
+ *      WIN32OLE#ole_method_help(method)
+ *
+ *   Returns WIN32OLE_METHOD object corresponding with method
+ *   specified by 1st argument.
+ *
+ *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+ *      method = excel.ole_method_help('Quit')
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_method_help(VALUE self, VALUE cmdname)
+{
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    SafeStringValue(cmdname);
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+    hr = typeinfo_from_ole(pole, &pTypeInfo);
+    if(FAILED(hr))
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLEQueryInterfaceError, "failed to get ITypeInfo");
+
+    obj = create_win32ole_method(pTypeInfo, cmdname);
+
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    if (obj == Qnil)
+        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not found %s",
+                 StringValuePtr(cmdname));
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     WIN32OLE#ole_activex_initialize() -> Qnil
+ *
+ *  Initialize WIN32OLE object(ActiveX Control) by calling
+ *  IPersistMemory::InitNew.
+ *
+ *  Before calling OLE method, some kind of the ActiveX controls
+ *  created with MFC should be initialized by calling
+ *  IPersistXXX::InitNew.
+ *
+ *  If and only if you received the exception "HRESULT error code:
+ *  0x8000ffff catastrophic failure", try this method before
+ *  invoking any ole_method.
+ *
+ *     obj = WIN32OLE.new("ProgID_or_GUID_of_ActiveX_Control")
+ *     obj.ole_activex_initialize
+ *     obj.method(...)
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+fole_activex_initialize(VALUE self)
+{
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    IPersistMemory *pPersistMemory;
+    void *p;
+
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(self);
+
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pole->pDispatch, &IID_IPersistMemory, &p);
+    pPersistMemory = p;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+        hr = pPersistMemory->lpVtbl->InitNew(pPersistMemory);
+        OLE_RELEASE(pPersistMemory);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            return Qnil;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to initialize ActiveX control");
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+HRESULT
+typelib_from_val(VALUE obj, ITypeLib **pTypeLib)
+{
+    LCID lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    struct oledata *pole = NULL;
+    unsigned int index;
+    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
+    pole = oledata_get_struct(obj);
+    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
+                                              0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        return hr;
+    }
+    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, pTypeLib, &index);
+    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
+    return hr;
+}
+
+static void
+com_hash_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    st_table *tbl = ptr;
+    st_free_table(tbl);
+}
+
+static void
+com_hash_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    st_table *tbl = ptr;
+    rb_mark_hash(tbl);
+}
+
+static size_t
+com_hash_size(const void *ptr)
+{
+    const st_table *tbl = ptr;
+    return st_memsize(tbl);
+}
+
+static void
+check_nano_server(void)
+{
+    HKEY hsubkey;
+    LONG err;
+    const char * subkey = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Server\\ServerLevels";
+    const char * regval = "NanoServer";
+
+    err = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, subkey, 0, KEY_READ, &hsubkey);
+    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        err = RegQueryValueEx(hsubkey, regval, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            g_running_nano = TRUE;
+        }
+        RegCloseKey(hsubkey);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void
+Init_win32ole(void)
+{
+    cWIN32OLE_lcid = LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
+    g_ole_initialized_init();
+    check_nano_server();
+
+    com_vtbl.QueryInterface = QueryInterface;
+    com_vtbl.AddRef = AddRef;
+    com_vtbl.Release = Release;
+    com_vtbl.GetTypeInfoCount = GetTypeInfoCount;
+    com_vtbl.GetTypeInfo = GetTypeInfo;
+    com_vtbl.GetIDsOfNames = GetIDsOfNames;
+    com_vtbl.Invoke = Invoke;
+
+    message_filter.QueryInterface = mf_QueryInterface;
+    message_filter.AddRef = mf_AddRef;
+    message_filter.Release = mf_Release;
+    message_filter.HandleInComingCall = mf_HandleInComingCall;
+    message_filter.RetryRejectedCall = mf_RetryRejectedCall;
+    message_filter.MessagePending = mf_MessagePending;
+
+    enc2cp_hash = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &win32ole_hash_datatype, 0);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(enc2cp_hash) = st_init_numtable();
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(enc2cp_hash);
+
+    com_hash = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &win32ole_hash_datatype, 0);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(com_hash) = st_init_numtable();
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(com_hash);
+
+    cWIN32OLE = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE", rb_cObject);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE, fole_s_allocate);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "initialize", fole_initialize, -1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "connect", fole_s_connect, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "const_load", fole_s_const_load, -1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_free", fole_s_free, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_reference_count", fole_s_reference_count, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_show_help", fole_s_show_help, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "codepage", fole_s_get_code_page, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "codepage=", fole_s_set_code_page, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "locale", fole_s_get_locale, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "locale=", fole_s_set_locale, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "create_guid", fole_s_create_guid, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_initialize", fole_s_ole_initialize, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_uninitialize", fole_s_ole_uninitialize, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "invoke", fole_invoke, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "[]", fole_getproperty_with_bracket, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_invoke", fole_invoke2, 3);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_getproperty", fole_getproperty2, 3);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_setproperty", fole_setproperty2, 3);
+
+    /* support propput method that takes an argument */
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "[]=", fole_setproperty_with_bracket, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_free", fole_free, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "each", fole_each, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "method_missing", fole_missing, -1);
+
+    /* support setproperty method much like Perl ;-) */
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "setproperty", fole_setproperty, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_methods", fole_methods, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_get_methods", fole_get_methods, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_put_methods", fole_put_methods, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_func_methods", fole_func_methods, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_method", fole_method_help, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE, "ole_method_help", "ole_method");
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_activex_initialize", fole_activex_initialize, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_type", fole_type, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE, "ole_obj_help", "ole_type");
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_typelib", fole_typelib, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_query_interface", fole_query_interface, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_respond_to?", fole_respond_to, 1);
+
+    /* Constants definition */
+
+    /*
+     * Version string of WIN32OLE.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "VERSION", rb_str_new2(WIN32OLE_VERSION));
+
+    /*
+     * After invoking OLE methods with reference arguments, you can access
+     * the value of arguments by using ARGV.
+     *
+     * If the method of OLE(COM) server written by C#.NET is following:
+     *
+     *   void calcsum(int a, int b, out int c) {
+     *       c = a + b;
+     *   }
+     *
+     * then, the Ruby OLE(COM) client script to retrieve the value of
+     * argument c after invoking calcsum method is following:
+     *
+     *   a = 10
+     *   b = 20
+     *   c = 0
+     *   comserver.calcsum(a, b, c)
+     *   p c # => 0
+     *   p WIN32OLE::ARGV # => [10, 20, 30]
+     *
+     * You can use WIN32OLE_VARIANT object to retrieve the value of reference
+     * arguments instead of referring WIN32OLE::ARGV.
+     *
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "ARGV", rb_ary_new());
+
+    /*
+     * 0: ANSI code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_ACP", RB_INT2FIX(CP_ACP));
+
+    /*
+     * 1: OEM code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_OEMCP", RB_INT2FIX(CP_OEMCP));
+
+    /*
+     * 2
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_MACCP", RB_INT2FIX(CP_MACCP));
+
+    /*
+     * 3: current thread ANSI code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and
+     * WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_THREAD_ACP", RB_INT2FIX(CP_THREAD_ACP));
+
+    /*
+     * 42: symbol code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_SYMBOL", RB_INT2FIX(CP_SYMBOL));
+
+    /*
+     * 65000: UTF-7 code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_UTF7", RB_INT2FIX(CP_UTF7));
+
+    /*
+     * 65001: UTF-8 code page. See WIN32OLE.codepage and WIN32OLE.codepage=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_UTF8", RB_INT2FIX(CP_UTF8));
+
+    /*
+     * 0x0800: default locale for the operating system. See WIN32OLE.locale
+     * and WIN32OLE.locale=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT", RB_INT2FIX(LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT));
+
+    /*
+     * 0x0400: default locale for the user or process. See WIN32OLE.locale
+     * and WIN32OLE.locale=.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT", RB_INT2FIX(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT));
+
+    Init_win32ole_variant_m();
+    Init_win32ole_typelib();
+    Init_win32ole_type();
+    Init_win32ole_variable();
+    Init_win32ole_method();
+    Init_win32ole_param();
+    Init_win32ole_event();
+    Init_win32ole_variant();
+    Init_win32ole_record();
+    Init_win32ole_error();
+
+    ole_init_cp();
+}