whispercpp 1.3.4 → 1.3.6

data/ext/sources/ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -22,24 +22,24 @@
 
 #include "ggml-cann.h"
 
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
 #include <acl/acl.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_trans_matmul_weight.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <queue>
-#include <chrono>
 #include <unordered_set>
-#include <optional>
-
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
 
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
 
@@ -56,52 +56,52 @@
  * @param line The line number where the error occurred.
  * @param msg The error message.
  */
-[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char* stmt, const char* func,
-                                  const char* file, int line, const char* msg) {
+[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char * stmt, const char * func, const char * file, int line, const char * msg) {
     int32_t id = -1;
     aclrtGetDevice(&id);
 
     GGML_LOG_ERROR("CANN error: %s\n", msg);
-    GGML_LOG_ERROR("  current device: %d, in function %s at %s:%d\n", id, func,
-            file, line);
+    GGML_LOG_ERROR("  current device: %d, in function %s at %s:%d\n", id, func, file, line);
     GGML_LOG_ERROR("  %s\n", stmt);
     // abort with GGML_ASSERT to get a stack trace
     GGML_ABORT("CANN error");
 }
 
+// Thread-local variable to record the current device of this thread.
+thread_local int g_current_cann_device = -1;
+
 /**
- * @brief Sets the device to be used by CANN.
+ * @brief Set the CANN device to be used.
  *
- * @param device The device ID to set.
+ * @param device The target device ID to set.
  */
 void ggml_cann_set_device(const int32_t device) {
-    int current_device = -1;
-    aclrtGetDevice(&current_device);
+    // int current_device = -1;
+    // Note: In some CANN versions, if no device has been set yet,
+    //       aclrtGetDevice(&current_device) may return 0 by default.
+    // aclrtGetDevice(&current_device);
 
-    if (device == current_device) {
-      return;
+    // If the current device is already the target one, no need to switch.
+    if (device == g_current_cann_device) {
+        return;
     }
+
+    // Switch to the new device.
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSetDevice(device));
-}
 
-/**
- * @brief Retrieves the current device ID.
- *
- * @return The current device ID.
- */
-int32_t ggml_cann_get_device() {
-    int32_t id;
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtGetDevice(&id));
-    return id;
+    // Update the global device record.
+    g_current_cann_device = device;
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief Get the value of the specified environment variable (name).
+ * @brief Get the value of the specified environment variable (name) as lowercase.
  *        if not empty, return a std::string object
  */
-std::optional<std::string> get_env(const std::string& name) {
-    const char* val = std::getenv(name.c_str());
-    if (!val) return std::nullopt;
+std::optional<std::string> get_env_as_lowercase(const std::string & name) {
+    const char * val = std::getenv(name.c_str());
+    if (!val) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
     std::string res = std::string(val);
     std::transform(res.begin(), res.end(), res.begin(), ::tolower);
     return res;
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ std::optional<std::string> get_env(const std::string& name) {
 /**
  * @brief Verify whether the environment variable is a valid value.
  */
-bool parse_bool(const std::string& value) {
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> valid_values = {"on", "1", "yes", "y", "enable", "true"};
+bool parse_bool(const std::string & value) {
+    static const std::unordered_set<std::string> valid_values = { "on", "1", "yes", "y", "enable", "true" };
     return valid_values.find(value) != valid_values.end();
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ bool parse_bool(const std::string& value) {
  * @param value The string to parse.
  * @return The parsed integer, or 0 if conversion fails.
  */
-int parse_integer(const std::string& value) {
+int parse_integer(const std::string & value) {
     try {
         return std::stoi(value);
     } catch (...) {
@@ -144,11 +144,10 @@ int parse_integer(const std::string& value) {
 static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
     ggml_cann_device_info info = {};
 
-    aclError err = aclrtGetDeviceCount((uint32_t*)&info.device_count);
+    aclError err = aclrtGetDeviceCount((uint32_t *) &info.device_count);
 
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize CANN: %s\n",
-                __func__, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize CANN: %s\n", __func__, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return info;
     }
 
@@ -156,16 +155,15 @@ static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
 
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
         aclrtPhysicalMemProp prop = {};
-        prop.handleType = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
-        prop.allocationType = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
-        prop.memAttr = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
-        prop.location.type = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
-        prop.location.id = id;
-        prop.reserve = 0;
-        err = aclrtMemGetAllocationGranularity(
-            &prop, ACL_RT_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED,
-            &info.devices[id].vmm_granularity);
-        info.devices[id].vmm = err == ACL_SUCCESS;
+        prop.handleType           = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
+        prop.allocationType       = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
+        prop.memAttr              = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
+        prop.location.type        = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
+        prop.location.id          = id;
+        prop.reserve              = 0;
+        err                       = aclrtMemGetAllocationGranularity(&prop, ACL_RT_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED,
+                                                                     &info.devices[id].vmm_granularity);
+        info.devices[id].vmm      = err == ACL_SUCCESS;
 
         size_t free, total;
         ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(id, &free, &total);
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
  *
  * @return A reference to the structure containing the device information.
  */
-const ggml_cann_device_info& ggml_cann_info() {
+const ggml_cann_device_info & ggml_cann_info() {
     static ggml_cann_device_info info = ggml_cann_init();
     return info;
 }
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief The minimum free margin for a buffer.
      */
-    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;   // 1MB
+    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;  // 1MB
 
     /**
      * @brief The alignment for buffer allocation.
@@ -226,22 +224,18 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @brief Structure representing a CANN buffer.
      */
     struct ggml_cann_buffer {
-        void* ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer.
-        size_t size = 0;      ///< Size of the buffer.
-        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;  ///< Last used time.
+        void *                                ptr  = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer.
+        size_t                                size = 0;        ///< Size of the buffer.
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;       ///< Last used time.
 
-        bool operator>(const ggml_cann_buffer& other) const {
-            return size > other.size;
-        }
+        bool operator>(const ggml_cann_buffer & other) const { return size > other.size; }
     };
 
     /**
      * @brief Array of CANN buffers in the pool.
      */
-    std::unordered_map<void*, size_t> buffer_pool;
-    std::priority_queue<ggml_cann_buffer,
-                        std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer>,
-                        std::greater<>> free_buffers ;
+    std::unordered_map<void *, size_t>                                                   buffer_pool;
+    std::priority_queue<ggml_cann_buffer, std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer>, std::greater<>> free_buffers;
 
     /**
      * @brief Total size of all buffers in the pool.
@@ -254,7 +248,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
     explicit ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio(int device) : device(device) {
-        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
+        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -262,7 +256,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      */
     ~ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-        for (auto& [b_ptr, b_size] : buffer_pool) {
+        for (auto & [b_ptr, b_size] : buffer_pool) {
             aclrtFree(b_ptr);
             pool_size -= b_size;
         }
@@ -278,14 +272,14 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
 
-        void* ptr = nullptr;
-        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        void * ptr = nullptr;
+        auto   now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
         std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer> free_buffers_rest;
         free_buffers_rest.reserve(free_buffers.size());
@@ -298,24 +292,22 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 const size_t margin = b.size - size;
                 if (margin <= max_reuse_margin) {
                     *actual_size = b.size;
-                    ptr = b.ptr;
+                    ptr          = b.ptr;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
                     GGML_LOG_INFO(
                         "cann pool[%d]: reused   %p, "
                         "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                         "size = %5u MB, "
                         "margin = %5u MB\n",
-                        device, b.ptr,
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                        device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            bool should_clean = !disable_clean &&
-                                b.size > min_free_margin &&
+            bool should_clean = !disable_clean && b.size > min_free_margin &&
                                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - b.last_used).count() > 100;
             if (should_clean) {
                 // free the buffer if the size is needed to be freed
@@ -327,20 +319,20 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
                     "cann pool[%d]: clean    %p, "
                     "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                     "size = %5u MB\n",
-                    device, b.ptr,
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                    device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                    (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                 continue;
             }
             free_buffers_rest.push_back(b);
         }
-        for (ggml_cann_buffer &b : free_buffers_rest) {
+        for (ggml_cann_buffer & b : free_buffers_rest) {
             free_buffers.push(std::move(b));
         }
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d] free pool_size = %5u MB\n\n", device, (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d] free pool_size = %5u MB\n\n", device,
+                      (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
         if (ptr != nullptr) {
             return ptr;
@@ -356,8 +348,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
             "cann pool[%d]: allocate %p, "
             "pool_size = %5u MB, "
             "size = %5u MB\n",
-            device, ptr, (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-            (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+            device, ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+            (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
         buffer_pool.emplace(ptr, size);
         return ptr;
@@ -369,7 +361,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
         GGML_UNUSED(size);
         auto it = buffer_pool.find(ptr);
         if (it == buffer_pool.end()) {
@@ -377,13 +369,12 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
         }
 
         auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-        free_buffers.emplace(ggml_cann_buffer{ptr, it->second, now});
+        free_buffers.emplace(ggml_cann_buffer{ ptr, it->second, now });
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
         GGML_LOG_INFO(
             "cann pool[%d]: return   %p, "
             "pool_size = %5u MB\n",
-            device, ptr,
-            (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+            device, ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
     }
 };
@@ -402,7 +393,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief The minimum free margin for a buffer.
      */
-    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;   // 1MB
+    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;  // 1MB
 
     /**
      * @brief The alignment for buffer allocation.
@@ -428,10 +419,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @brief Structure representing a CANN buffer.
      */
     struct ggml_cann_buffer {
-        void* ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer memory.
-        size_t size = 0;      ///< Size of the buffer.
-        bool used = false;    ///< Whether the buffer is currently in use.
-        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;  ///< Last used time.
+        void *                                ptr  = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer memory.
+        size_t                                size = 0;        ///< Size of the buffer.
+        bool                                  used = false;    ///< Whether the buffer is currently in use.
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;       ///< Last used time.
     };
 
     /**
@@ -450,7 +441,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
     explicit ggml_cann_pool_buf(int device) : device(device) {
-        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
+        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -459,7 +450,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
     ~ggml_cann_pool_buf() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr != nullptr) {
                 aclrtFree(b.ptr);
                 pool_size -= b.size;
@@ -476,18 +467,18 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
 
-        void* ptr = nullptr;
-        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        void * ptr = nullptr;
+        auto   now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
         int i = 0;
         for (; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr == nullptr) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -499,25 +490,23 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 const size_t margin = b.size - size;
                 if (margin <= max_reuse_margin) {
                     *actual_size = b.size;
-                    b.used = true;
-                    ptr = b.ptr;
+                    b.used       = true;
+                    ptr          = b.ptr;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
                     GGML_LOG_INFO(
                         "cann pool[%d]: reused   %p, "
                         "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                         "size = %5u MB, "
                         "margin = %5u MB\n",
-                        device, b.ptr,
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                        device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            bool should_clean = !disable_clean &&
-                                b.size > min_free_margin &&
+            bool should_clean = !disable_clean && b.size > min_free_margin &&
                                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - b.last_used).count() > 100;
             if (should_clean) {
                 // free the buffer if the size is needed to be freed
@@ -528,9 +517,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                     "cann pool[%d]: clean    %p, "
                     "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                     "size = %5u MB\n",
-                    device, b.ptr,
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                    device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                    (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                 b.ptr = nullptr;
             }
@@ -541,13 +529,13 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
 
         if (i < MAX_BUFFERS) {
             // allocate a new buffer if no buffer can be reused
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             ggml_cann_set_device(device);
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&b.ptr, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
             pool_size += size;
             *actual_size = size;
-            b.size = size;
-            b.used = true;
+            b.size       = size;
+            b.used       = true;
             if (i >= MAX_BUFFERS - 8) {
                 GGML_LOG_WARN("cann pool[%d]: slots almost full\n", device);
             }
@@ -556,9 +544,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 "cann pool[%d]: allocate %p, "
                 "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                 "size = %5u MB\n",
-                device, b.ptr,
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
             return b.ptr;
         }
@@ -572,21 +559,20 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
         GGML_UNUSED(size);
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr != ptr) {
                 continue;
             }
-            b.used = false;
+            b.used      = false;
             b.last_used = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
             GGML_LOG_INFO(
                 "cann pool[%d]: return   %p, "
                 "pool_size = %5u MB\n",
-                device, b.ptr,
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
             return;
         }
@@ -614,7 +600,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief Pointer to the start of the virtual memory pool.
      */
-    void* pool_addr = 0;
+    void * pool_addr = 0;
 
     /**
      * @brief Amount of virtual memory used in the pool.
@@ -639,7 +625,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief Offsets for the mapped memory regions.
      */
-    std::vector<void*> map_offsets;
+    std::vector<void *> map_offsets;
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor to initialize the buffer pool with virtual memory for
@@ -647,11 +633,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      *
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
-    explicit ggml_cann_pool_vmm(int device)
-    : device(device) {
-        auto dev = ggml_cann_info().devices[device];
+    explicit ggml_cann_pool_vmm(int device) : device(device) {
+        auto dev    = ggml_cann_info().devices[device];
         granularity = dev.vmm_granularity;
-        max_size = dev.total_vram;
+        max_size    = dev.total_vram;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -659,10 +644,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      */
     ~ggml_cann_pool_vmm() {
         if (pool_addr != 0) {
-            for (auto& offset : map_offsets) {
+            for (auto & offset : map_offsets) {
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtUnmapMem(offset));
             }
-            for (auto& handle : handles) {
+            for (auto & handle : handles) {
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtFreePhysical(handle));
             }
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtReleaseMemAddress(pool_addr));
@@ -677,11 +662,11 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         // round up the allocation size to the alignment to ensure that all
         // allocations are aligned for all data types
         const size_t alignment = 128;
-        size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+        size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
@@ -691,53 +676,51 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
         if (size > avail) {
             // round up to the next multiple of the granularity
             size_t reserve_size = size - avail;
-            reserve_size = GGML_PAD(reserve_size, granularity);
+            reserve_size        = GGML_PAD(reserve_size, granularity);
 
             GGML_ASSERT(pool_size + reserve_size <= max_size);
 
             // allocate more physical memory
             aclrtPhysicalMemProp prop = {};
-            prop.handleType = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
-            prop.allocationType = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
-            prop.memAttr = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
-            prop.location.type = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
-            prop.location.id = device;
-            prop.reserve = 0;
+            prop.handleType           = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
+            prop.allocationType       = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
+            prop.memAttr              = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
+            prop.location.type        = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
+            prop.location.id          = device;
+            prop.reserve              = 0;
             aclrtDrvMemHandle handle;
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtMallocPhysical(&handle, reserve_size, &prop, 0));
 
             // reserve virtual address space (if not already reserved)
             if (pool_addr == 0) {
-                ACL_CHECK(aclrtReserveMemAddress(
-                    &pool_addr, max_size, 0, NULL, 1));
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtReserveMemAddress(&pool_addr, max_size, 0, NULL, 1));
             }
 
             // map at the end of the pool
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMapMem((char*)pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, 0,
-                                  handle, 0));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMapMem((char *) pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, 0, handle, 0));
 
             handles.push_back(handle);
-            map_offsets.push_back((char*)pool_addr + pool_size);
+            map_offsets.push_back((char *) pool_addr + pool_size);
 
             // add to the pool
             pool_size += reserve_size;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-             GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: size increased to %llu MB (reserved %llu MB)\n",
-                   device, (unsigned long long) (pool_size/1024/1024),
-                   (unsigned long long) (reserve_size/1024/1024));
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: size increased to %llu MB (reserved %llu MB)\n", device,
+                          (unsigned long long) (pool_size / 1024 / 1024),
+                          (unsigned long long) (reserve_size / 1024 / 1024));
 #endif
         }
 
         GGML_ASSERT(pool_addr != 0);
 
-        void* ptr = (void*)((char*)pool_addr + pool_used);
+        void * ptr   = (void *) ((char *) pool_addr + pool_used);
         *actual_size = size;
         pool_used += size;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: allocated %llu bytes at %llx\n", device,
-               (unsigned long long)size, (unsigned long long)ptr);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: allocated %llu bytes at %llx\n", device, (unsigned long long) size,
+                      (unsigned long long) ptr);
 #endif
         return ptr;
     }
@@ -748,16 +731,16 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: freed %llu bytes at %llx\n", device,
-               (unsigned long long)size, (unsigned long long)ptr);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: freed %llu bytes at %llx\n", device, (unsigned long long) size,
+                      (unsigned long long) ptr);
 #endif
 
         pool_used -= size;
 
         // all deallocations must be in reverse order of the allocations
-        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void*)((char*)pool_addr + pool_used));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void *) ((char *) pool_addr + pool_used));
     }
 };
 
@@ -769,9 +752,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
  * @param device The device ID for which to create the pool.
  * @return A unique pointer to the created CANN pool.
  */
-std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(
-    int device) {
-    std::string mem_pool_type = get_env("GGML_CANN_MEM_POOL").value_or("");
+std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(int device) {
+    std::string mem_pool_type = get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_MEM_POOL").value_or("");
 
     if (mem_pool_type == "prio") {
         GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d use buffer pool with priority queue\n", __func__, device);
@@ -795,9 +777,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(
  * ID, device pointer, and a name derived from GGML_CANN_NAME and the device ID.
  */
 struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
-    int32_t device;  ///< The device ID associated with this buffer context.
-    void* dev_ptr =
-        nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
+    int32_t device;             ///< The device ID associated with this buffer context.
+    void *  dev_ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor to initialize the CANN buffer context.
@@ -805,9 +786,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
      * @param device The device ID associated with this buffer context.
      * @param dev_ptr Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
      */
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(int32_t device, void* dev_ptr)
-        : device(device),
-          dev_ptr(dev_ptr) {}
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(int32_t device, void * dev_ptr) : device(device), dev_ptr(dev_ptr) {}
 
     /**
      * @brief Destructor to free the device memory allocated for the buffer.
@@ -815,19 +794,44 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
     ~ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context() { ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(dev_ptr)); }
 };
 
+// cann buffer type
+/**
+ * @brief Structure representing context information for a specific backend
+ * buffer type.
+ */
+struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context {
+    int32_t     device; /**< Device identifier associated with the buffer context. */
+    std::string name;   /**< Name associated with the buffer context. */
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Retrieves the name associated with a CANN buffer type.
+ *
+ * This function returns the descriptive name associated with the specified
+ * CANN buffer type context.
+ *
+ * @param buft Pointer to the buffer type context.
+ * @return Const pointer to the C-style string containing the name.
+ */
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
+
+    return buft_ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
 /**
- * @brief Check if a buffer is a CANN buffer.
+ * @brief Checks if the backend buffer type is associated with the CANN backend.
  *
- * This function checks if a given buffer is a CANN buffer by comparing its
- * `get_name` function pointer to `ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_name`.
+ * This function checks whether the provided backend buffer type is associated
+ * with the CANN backend based on the comparison of its name retrieval function
+ * pointer.
  *
- * @param buffer The buffer to check.
- * @return true if the buffer is a CANN buffer, false otherwise.
+ * @param buft Pointer to the backend buffer type to check.
+ * @return bool Returns true if the buffer type is associated with the CANN
+ * backend, otherwise false.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
-static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    return ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(buffer->buft);
+static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -838,10 +842,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(
  *
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer to free.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     delete ctx;
 }
 
@@ -854,10 +856,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer whose base pointer is to be retrieved.
  * @return A pointer to the base of the device memory allocated for the buffer.
  */
-static void* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void * ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     return ctx->dev_ptr;
 }
 
@@ -874,21 +874,17 @@ static void* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                             const void* src,
-                                             void* dst) {
-
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK4_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK4_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
 
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)dst + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) dst + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        const block_q4_0* group =
-            (const block_q4_0*)((const char*)src + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
-        *scale_offset = group->d;
+        const block_q4_0 * group = (const block_q4_0 *) ((const char *) src + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+        *scale_offset            = group->d;
         scale_offset++;
 
         // 0-15
@@ -907,8 +903,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
     }
 
     // put (uint4b_t -8) into int4b_t
-    for (quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-         quant_offset < (uint8_t*)dst + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
+    for (quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst; quant_offset < (uint8_t *) dst + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
         (*quant_offset) ^= 0x88;
     }
 }
@@ -926,29 +921,27 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where the Q4.0 formatted data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* src, void* dst) {
-
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK4_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK4_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
 
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)src;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)src + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) src;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) src + quant_bytes);
 
-    for (; quant_offset < (uint8_t*)src + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
+    for (; quant_offset < (uint8_t *) src + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
         (*quant_offset) ^= 0x88;
     }
-    quant_offset = (uint8_t*)src;
+    quant_offset = (uint8_t *) src;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        block_q4_0* group = (block_q4_0*)((char*)dst + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
-        group->d = *scale_offset;
+        block_q4_0 * group = (block_q4_0 *) ((char *) dst + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+        group->d           = *scale_offset;
         scale_offset++;
 
         // 0-15
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 2; j += 2) {
-            group->qs[j] = ((*quant_offset) & 0x0F);
+            group->qs[j]     = ((*quant_offset) & 0x0F);
             group->qs[j + 1] = ((*quant_offset) >> 4);
             quant_offset++;
         }
@@ -975,20 +968,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                             const void* src,
-                                             void* dst) {
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK8_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK8_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
 
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)dst + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) dst + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        const block_q8_0* group =
-            (const block_q8_0*)((const char*)src + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
-        *scale_offset = group->d;
+        const block_q8_0 * group = (const block_q8_0 *) ((const char *) src + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+        *scale_offset            = group->d;
         scale_offset++;
         size_t group_quant_size = QK8_0 * sizeof(uint8_t);
         memcpy(quant_offset, group->qs, group_quant_size);
@@ -1009,19 +999,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where the Q8.0 formatted data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, const void* src, void* dst) {
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK8_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK8_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
 
-    const uint8_t* quant_offset = (const uint8_t*)src;
-    const uint16_t* scale_offset =
-        (const uint16_t*)((const char*)src + quant_bytes);
+    const uint8_t *  quant_offset = (const uint8_t *) src;
+    const uint16_t * scale_offset = (const uint16_t *) ((const char *) src + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        block_q8_0* group = (block_q8_0*)((char*)dst + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
-        group->d = *scale_offset;
+        block_q8_0 * group = (block_q8_0 *) ((char *) dst + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+        group->d           = *scale_offset;
         scale_offset++;
         size_t group_quant_size = QK8_0 * sizeof(uint8_t);
         memcpy(group->qs, quant_offset, group_quant_size);
@@ -1041,8 +1029,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                        const void* src, void* dst) {
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
     switch (tensor->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
             ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(tensor, src, dst);
@@ -1067,8 +1054,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed tensor data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* src, void* dst) {
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * src, void * dst) {
     switch (tensor->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
             ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(tensor, src, dst);
@@ -1109,8 +1095,7 @@ static bool need_transform(ggml_type type) {
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer from which to initialize the tensor.
  * @param tensor Pointer to the tensor to be initialized.
  */
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor* tensor) {
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     if (tensor->view_src != NULL && tensor->view_offs == 0) {
         GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
         return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -1121,13 +1106,11 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
     if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
         // Initialize padding to 0 to avoid possible NaN values
         size_t original_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-        size_t padded_size =
-            ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buffer->buft, tensor);
+        size_t padded_size   = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buffer->buft, tensor);
 
         if (padded_size > original_size && tensor->view_src == nullptr) {
             size_t memset_size = padded_size - original_size;
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset((char*)tensor->data + original_size,
-                                  memset_size, 0, memset_size));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset((char *) tensor->data + original_size, memset_size, 0, memset_size));
         }
     }
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -1141,8 +1124,8 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
  * designed to be used with a global array, one per device.
  */
 struct ggml_cann_nz_workspace {
-    void*  ptr;       // Pointer to allocated device buffer
-    size_t allocated; // Size of currently allocated buffer in bytes
+    void * ptr;        // Pointer to allocated device buffer
+    size_t allocated;  // Size of currently allocated buffer in bytes
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor. Initializes the workspace with no allocated memory.
@@ -1158,7 +1141,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_nz_workspace {
     void clear() {
         if (ptr) {
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ptr));
-            ptr = nullptr;
+            ptr       = nullptr;
             allocated = 0;
         }
     }
@@ -1185,7 +1168,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_nz_workspace {
      *
      * @return Pointer to the allocated buffer, or nullptr if not allocated.
      */
-    void* get() const { return ptr; }
+    void * get() const { return ptr; }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1207,22 +1190,19 @@ static ggml_cann_nz_workspace g_nz_workspaces[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
  * @note The workspace buffer used in this function is managed globally and reused
  *       across calls. This reduces overhead from repeated memory allocation and deallocation.
  */
-static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, size_t offset, int device) {
-    aclTensor* weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne,
-                                    tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
-    uint64_t workspaceSize = 0;
-    aclOpExecutor *executor;
+static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, int device) {
+    acl_tensor_ptr weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne, tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
+    uint64_t       workspaceSize    = 0;
+    aclOpExecutor * executor;
 
     // TransMatmulWeight
-    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed,
-                                                    &workspaceSize, &executor));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed.get(), &workspaceSize, &executor));
     // Avoid frequent malloc/free of the workspace.
     g_nz_workspaces[device].realloc(workspaceSize);
 
-    void* g_nz_workspace = g_nz_workspaces[device].get();
+    void * g_nz_workspace = g_nz_workspaces[device].get();
 
     ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeight(g_nz_workspace, workspaceSize, executor, nullptr));
-    ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyTensor(weightTransposed));
 }
 
 // TODO: need handle tensor which has paddings.
@@ -1238,11 +1218,12 @@ static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, size_t offset, int device)
  * @param offset Offset in the source data from where to start copying.
  * @param size Size of the data to be copied, in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor *tensor, const void *data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                const void *          data,
+                                                size_t                offset,
+                                                size_t                size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     // TODO: refer to cann(#6017), it use thread's default stream.
@@ -1250,22 +1231,19 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
     // Why aclrtSynchronizeDevice?
 
     // Only check env once.
-    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
     if (!need_transform(tensor->type)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, size, data, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
-        if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)tensor)) {
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
+        if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) tensor)) {
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
             weight_format_to_nz(tensor, offset, ctx->device);
         }
     } else {
-        void *transform_buffer = malloc(size);
+        void * transform_buffer = malloc(size);
         ggml_backend_cann_transform(tensor, data, transform_buffer);
 
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              transform_buffer, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, transform_buffer, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
         free(transform_buffer);
     }
 }
@@ -1283,22 +1261,20 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
  * @param offset Offset in the destination buffer where to start copying.
  * @param size Size of the data to be copied, in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                void *                data,
+                                                size_t                offset,
+                                                size_t                size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
 
     if (!need_transform(tensor->type)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(data, size, (char*)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(data, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
     } else {
-        void* transform_buffer = malloc(size);
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(transform_buffer, size,
-                              (char*)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
+        void * transform_buffer = malloc(size);
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(transform_buffer, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
         ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(tensor, transform_buffer, data);
         free(transform_buffer);
     }
@@ -1317,19 +1293,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination tensor where the data will be copied.
  * @return true if the copy operation succeeded, false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor* src, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(src->buffer)) {
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* src_ctx =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)src->buffer->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* dst_ctx =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                const ggml_tensor *   src,
+                                                ggml_tensor *         dst) {
+    if (ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(src->buffer->buft)) {
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * src_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) src->buffer->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * dst_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
         size_t memcpy_size = ggml_nbytes(src);
         // Same device.
         if (src_ctx->device == dst_ctx->device) {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char*)dst->data, memcpy_size,
-                                  (const char*)src->data, memcpy_size,
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) dst->data, memcpy_size, (const char *) src->data, memcpy_size,
                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE));
             return true;
         } else {
@@ -1339,13 +1313,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
 #endif
             // Different device but can access by peer.
             int32_t canAccessPeer = 0;
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, src_ctx->device,
-                                               dst_ctx->device));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, src_ctx->device, dst_ctx->device));
             if (canAccessPeer) {
                 ggml_cann_set_device(src_ctx->device);
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(dst_ctx->device, 0));
-                ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char*)dst->data, memcpy_size,
-                                      (const char*)src->data, memcpy_size,
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) dst->data, memcpy_size, (const char *) src->data, memcpy_size,
                                       ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE));
                 return true;
             }
@@ -1363,10 +1335,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer to be cleared.
  * @param value The value to which each byte in the buffer will be set.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_clear(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset(ctx->dev_ptr, buffer->size, value, buffer->size));
@@ -1390,34 +1360,6 @@ static const ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface = {
     /* .reset           = */ NULL,
 };
 
-// cann buffer type
-/**
- * @brief Structure representing context information for a specific backend
- * buffer type.
- */
-struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context {
-    int32_t
-        device; /**< Device identifier associated with the buffer context. */
-    std::string name; /**< Name associated with the buffer context. */
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Retrieves the name associated with a CANN buffer type.
- *
- * This function returns the descriptive name associated with the specified
- * CANN buffer type context.
- *
- * @param buft Pointer to the buffer type context.
- * @return Const pointer to the C-style string containing the name.
- */
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context* buft_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context*)buft->context;
-
-    return buft_ctx->name.c_str();
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief Allocates a new CANN buffer of the specified type and size.
  *
@@ -1428,34 +1370,27 @@ static const char* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(
  * @param size Size in bytes of the buffer to allocate.
  * @return Pointer to the allocated buffer, or nullptr if allocation fails.
  */
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t
-ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
-                                           size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context* buft_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context*)buft->context;
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(buft_ctx->device);
 
     const size_t alignment = 128;
-    size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+    size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
     if (size == 0) {
         size = alignment;
     }
-    void* dev_ptr;
+    void *   dev_ptr;
     aclError err = aclrtMalloc(&dev_ptr, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST);
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR(
-            "%s: allocating %.2f MiB on device %d: aclrtMalloc failed: %s\n",
-            __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, buft_ctx->device,
-            aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: allocating %.2f MiB on device %d: aclrtMalloc failed: %s\n", __func__,
+                       size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, buft_ctx->device, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(buft_ctx->device, dev_ptr);
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(buft_ctx->device, dev_ptr);
 
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface,
-                                    ctx, size);
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1470,8 +1405,7 @@ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
  * @return The alignment requirement in bytes (fixed at 128 bytes for CANN
  * buffers).
  */
-static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return 128;
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
@@ -1491,13 +1425,13 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(
  * @return The total allocation size in bytes required for the tensor in the
  * CANN buffer.
  */
-static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor* tensor) {
-    size_t size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-    int64_t ne0 = tensor->ne[0];
+static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                           const ggml_tensor *        tensor) {
+    size_t  size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    int64_t ne0  = tensor->ne[0];
 
     // Only check env once.
-    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
 
     // last line must bigger than 32, because every single op deal at
     // least 32 bytes.
@@ -1507,19 +1441,17 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(
     // size += (line_size_align_32 - line_size);
     if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
         if (ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING != 0) {
-            size += ggml_row_size(
-                tensor->type, MATRIX_ROW_PADDING - ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING);
+            size += ggml_row_size(tensor->type, MATRIX_ROW_PADDING - ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING);
         }
-    } else if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)tensor)) {
+    } else if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) tensor)) {
         // NZ format weight are not support quantized yet.
         // If ND tensor transform to NZ, size may changed.
-        int64_t shape[] = {tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[0]};
+        int64_t shape[] = { tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[0] };
         GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
         GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
-        const aclIntArray *acl_shape = aclCreateIntArray(shape, 2);
-        size_t new_size;
-        ACL_CHECK(aclnnCalculateMatmulWeightSizeV2(acl_shape,
-                    ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), &new_size));
+        const aclIntArray * acl_shape = aclCreateIntArray(shape, 2);
+        size_t              new_size;
+        ACL_CHECK(aclnnCalculateMatmulWeightSizeV2(acl_shape, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), &new_size));
         ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyIntArray(acl_shape));
         size = std::max(size, new_size);
     }
@@ -1560,17 +1492,15 @@ static const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_interface
  * @return A pointer to the buffer type interface for the specified device, or
  * nullptr if the device index is out of range.
  */
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
-ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
-    static std::mutex mutex;
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
+    static std::mutex           mutex;
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
 
     if (device >= ggml_backend_cann_get_device_count()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    static ggml_backend_buffer_type
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_types[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_cann_buffer_types[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
 
     static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_initialized = false;
 
@@ -1580,8 +1510,7 @@ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
                 /* .iface    = */ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_interface,
                 /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), i),
                 /* .context  = */
-                 new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context{
-                    i, "CANN" + std::to_string(i)},
+                new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context{ i, "CANN" + std::to_string(i) },
             };
         }
         ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_initialized = true;
@@ -1645,16 +1574,16 @@ static void * ggml_cann_host_malloc(size_t size) {
     }
 
     const size_t alignment = 128;
-    size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+    size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
     if (size == 0) {
         size = alignment;
     }
 
-    void * hostPtr = nullptr;
-    aclError err = aclrtMallocHost((void **) &hostPtr, size);
+    void *   hostPtr = nullptr;
+    aclError err     = aclrtMallocHost((void **) &hostPtr, size);
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__,
-                           size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
+                      aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return nullptr;
     }
     return hostPtr;
@@ -1667,7 +1596,8 @@ static void * ggml_cann_host_malloc(size_t size) {
  * @param size Size in bytes of the host buffer to allocate.
  * @return Pointer to the allocated host buffer, or CPU buffer pointer if allocation fails.
  */
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                             size_t                     size) {
     void * hostPtr = ggml_cann_host_malloc(size);
 
     if (hostPtr == nullptr) {
@@ -1676,8 +1606,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggm
     }
 
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_from_ptr(hostPtr, size);
-    buffer->buft = buft;
-    buffer->iface.free_buffer = ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_free;
+    buffer->buft                 = buft;
+    buffer->iface.free_buffer    = ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_free;
 
     return buffer;
 }
@@ -1691,14 +1621,15 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggm
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type() {
     static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_host = {
         /* .iface    = */ {
-            /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_name,
-            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alignment,
-            /* .get_max_size     = */ NULL, // defaults to SIZE_MAX
+                           /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_name,
+                           /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+                           /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alignment,
+                           /* .get_max_size     = */ NULL,  // defaults to SIZE_MAX
             /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alloc_size,
-            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.is_host,
-        },
-        /* .device   = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
+                           /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.is_host,
+                           },
+        /* .device   = */
+        ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
         /* .context  = */ nullptr,
     };
 
@@ -1718,8 +1649,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type() {
  * stored.
  * @return true if the computation was successful; false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                      struct ggml_tensor* dst) {
+static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
     switch (dst->op) {
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
             ggml_cann_repeat(ctx, dst);
@@ -1765,14 +1695,14 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
                     GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Silu);
                     break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK: {
-                    auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                        aclTensor* acl_src,
-                        aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-                        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
-                    };
-                    ggml_cann_op_unary(lambda, ctx, dst);
-                } break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                    {
+                        auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+                            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
+                        };
+                        ggml_cann_op_unary(lambda, ctx, dst);
+                    }
+                    break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                     GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Tanh);
                     break;
@@ -1817,14 +1747,14 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
                 case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
                     GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED(Silu);
                     break;
-                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK: {
-                    auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                        aclTensor* acl_src,
-                        aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-                        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
-                    };
-                    ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(lambda, ctx, dst);
-                } break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    {
+                        auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+                            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
+                        };
+                        ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(lambda, ctx, dst);
+                    }
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -1835,6 +1765,12 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
             ggml_cann_group_norm(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            ggml_cann_l2_norm(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
+            ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             ggml_cann_concat(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -1939,6 +1875,15 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_OUT_PROD:
+            ggml_cann_out_prod(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
+            ggml_cann_gated_linear_attn(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            ggml_cann_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -1956,9 +1901,8 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure.
  * @return A pointer to a constant string representing the backend name.
  */
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
 
     return cann_ctx->name.c_str();
 }
@@ -1972,8 +1916,7 @@ static const char* ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure to be freed.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeDevice());
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtResetDevice(cann_ctx->device));
 
@@ -1981,7 +1924,6 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     delete backend;
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Sets tensor data asynchronously in the CANN backend.
  *
@@ -1994,21 +1936,18 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
  * @param size Size of the data to copy in bytes.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend,
-                                               ggml_tensor *tensor,
-                                               const void *data,
-                                               size_t offset,
-                                               size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context *cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context *)backend->context;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf =
-        tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) &&
-        "unsupported buffer type");
+                                               ggml_tensor *  tensor,
+                                               const void *   data,
+                                               size_t         offset,
+                                               size_t         size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t       buf      = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, (char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size,
-        ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE);
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2022,21 +1961,19 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend,
  * @param offset Offset in bytes within the host data.
  * @param size Size of the data to copy in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(
-    ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor *tensor, void *data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context *cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context *)backend->context;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf =
-        tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend,
+                                               const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                               void *              data,
+                                               size_t              offset,
+                                               size_t              size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t       buf      = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) &&
-                "unsupported buffer type");
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, data, (char *)tensor->data + offset, size,
-        ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
-
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(data, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2052,28 +1989,23 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination tensor to copy data to.
  * @return true if the copy operation succeeds, false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
-    ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t backend_dst,
-    const ggml_tensor* src, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_src) ||
-                ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_dst));
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend_src,
+                                               ggml_backend_t      backend_dst,
+                                               const ggml_tensor * src,
+                                               ggml_tensor *       dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_src) || ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_dst));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(!is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(!is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) src));
 
-    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(src->buffer) ||
-        !ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(dst->buffer)) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(src->buffer->buft) || !ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(dst->buffer->buft)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_src =
-        src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_dst =
-        dst->view_src ? dst->view_src->buffer : dst->buffer;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_src = src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_dst = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src->buffer : dst->buffer;
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx_src =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend_src->context;
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx_dst =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend_dst->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx_src = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend_src->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx_dst = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend_dst->context;
 
     size_t copy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
     if (copy_size == 0) {
@@ -2084,17 +2016,14 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         // TODO: Support 310p P2P copy
         return false;
 #endif
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_src =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buf_src->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_dst =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buf_dst->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * buf_ctx_src = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buf_src->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * buf_ctx_dst = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buf_dst->context;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(cann_ctx_src->device == buf_ctx_src->device);
         GGML_ASSERT(cann_ctx_dst->device == buf_ctx_dst->device);
 
         int32_t canAccessPeer = 0;
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, cann_ctx_src->device,
-                                           cann_ctx_dst->device));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, cann_ctx_src->device, cann_ctx_dst->device));
         if (!canAccessPeer) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -2105,9 +2034,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_dst->device, 0));
 
         // wait for task_queue empty to keep task order.
-        cann_ctx_src->task_queue.wait();
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
-                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_src->stream()));
         // record event on src stream after the copy
         // TODO: this event is not effective with acl graph mode, change to use aclrtSynchronizeStream
@@ -2122,8 +2049,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx_src->stream()));
     } else {
         // src and dst are on the same backend
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
-                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_dst->stream()));
     }
 
@@ -2139,147 +2065,44 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure to synchronize.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
-    cann_ctx->task_queue.wait();
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
-/**
- * @brief Add a new CANN graph to the LRU cache by populating node properties from the ggml graph.
- *
- * This function creates a new ggml_cann_graph object and fills its node properties
- * (operation type, dimensions, strides, input sources, and operation parameters)
- * based on the current ggml computation graph.
- *
- * Each node in the ggml graph is mapped to a property entry in the new CANN graph:
- * - node address
- * - operation type
- * - shape (ne) and strides (nb)
- * - source tensor addresses
- * - operation parameters
- *
- * After initialization, the new graph is pushed into the LRU cache owned by the
- * CANN backend context. The cache takes ownership of the graph and manages its
- * lifetime (including deletion upon eviction).
- *
- * @param cann_ctx  The CANN backend context containing the graph cache.
- * @param cgraph    The current ggml computation graph.
- */
-static void add_lru_matched_graph_node_properties(
-        ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx,
-        ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    // Create a new ggml_cann_graph object on the heap (its lifetime is managed by the cache).
-    ggml_cann_graph * new_graph = new ggml_cann_graph();
-    new_graph->ggml_graph_properties.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
-
-    for (int node_idx = 0; node_idx < cgraph->n_nodes; ++node_idx) {
-        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
-        auto & prop = new_graph->ggml_graph_properties[node_idx];
-
-        prop.node_address = node->data;
-        prop.node_op      = node->op;
-
-        std::copy_n(node->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.ne);
-        std::copy_n(node->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.nb);
-
-        for (int src = 0; src < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++src) {
-            prop.src_address[src] = node->src[src] ? node->src[src]->data : nullptr;
-        }
-
-        memcpy(prop.op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS);
-    }
-
-    // Insert into the LRU cache (cache takes ownership and will delete it when evicted).
-    cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.push(new_graph);
-}
-
 /**
- * @brief Check if a ggml tensor node matches a previously captured CANN graph node.
+ * @brief Check if CANN backend can fuse the specified operation sequence
  *
- * This function compares all relevant fields (address, op type, shape, source inputs, op params)
- * to determine whether the current node matches a previously recorded version.
+ * This function determines whether an operation sequence starting from the specified node
+ * can be fused into an optimized operation in the CANN backend. Operation fusion can reduce
+ * memory access overhead and improve computational efficiency.
  *
- * @param node                  The current ggml tensor node.
- * @param graph_node_properties The stored properties of a CANN graph node.
- * @return true if all fields match (excluding GGML_OP_VIEW); false otherwise.
+ * @param cgraph Pointer to the computation graph
+ * @param node_idx Index of the starting node in the computation graph
+ * @param ops Sequence of operation types to check for fusion
+ * @return true if the operations can be fused
+ * @return false if the operations cannot be fused
  */
-static bool ggml_graph_node_has_matching_properties(ggml_tensor * node, ggml_graph_node_properties * graph_node_properties) {
-    if (node->data != graph_node_properties->node_address &&
-           node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+static bool ggml_cann_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph *          cgraph,
+                               int                                 node_idx,
+                               std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops) {
+    if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (node->op != graph_node_properties->node_op) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        if (node->ne[i] != graph_node_properties->ne[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (node->nb[i] != graph_node_properties->nb[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
-        if (node->src[i] &&
-            node->src[i]->data != graph_node_properties->src_address[i] &&
-            node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW
-        ) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    if (node->op == GGML_OP_SCALE &&
-        memcmp(graph_node_properties->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS) != 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
 
-/**
- * @brief Check whether there is a cached CANN graph that matches the current ggml graph.
- *
- * This function iterates through the cached CANN graphs stored in the LRU cache and
- * compares them against the given ggml computation graph. A match requires that the
- * number of nodes is the same and that each node’s properties (operation type,
- * dimensions, strides, inputs, and operation parameters) are identical.
- *
- * If a matching graph is found, it is promoted to the front of the LRU cache and the
- * function returns true. Otherwise, the function returns false, indicating that a new
- * CANN graph needs to be captured.
- *
- * @param cann_ctx  The CANN backend context containing the graph cache.
- * @param cgraph    The current ggml computation graph.
- * @return true if a matching cached graph exists; false otherwise.
- */
-static bool is_matched_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache &lru_cache = cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache;
-    for (auto &graph_ptr : lru_cache.cache_list) {
-        // Skip graphs with a different number of nodes.
-        if (graph_ptr->ggml_graph_properties.size() != static_cast<size_t>(cgraph->n_nodes)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Check if all nodes match.
-        bool all_match = true;
-        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
-            if (!ggml_graph_node_has_matching_properties(cgraph->nodes[i], &graph_ptr->ggml_graph_properties[i])) {
-                all_match = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (all_match) {
-            // update cache_list && renturn graph_ptr
-            lru_cache.move_to_front(graph_ptr);
-            return true;
+    // CANN backend supports fusing ADD + RMS_NORM operations
+    if ((ops.size() == 2) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_ADD && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+        ggml_tensor * add_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        // TODO: support broadcast for ADD + RMS_NORM
+        if (add_node->src[0]->ne[0] != add_node->src[1]->ne[0] || add_node->src[0]->ne[1] != add_node->src[1]->ne[1] ||
+            add_node->src[0]->ne[2] != add_node->src[1]->ne[2] || add_node->src[0]->ne[3] != add_node->src[1]->ne[3]) {
+            return false;
         }
+        return true;
     }
 
     return false;
 }
-#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
 
 /**
  * @brief Evaluate the computation graph and optionally capture or execute it using CANN graph API.
@@ -2289,26 +2112,41 @@ static bool is_matched_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx, ggml_cgraph *
  *
  * Otherwise, it falls back to op-by-op execution using the CANN compute kernel dispatcher.
  *
- * @param cann_ctx                 The CANN backend context.
- * @param cgraph                   The ggml computation graph.
- * @param use_cann_graph           Whether to use CANN graph execution.
- * @param cann_graph_update_required Whether graph capture is needed due to graph changes.
+ * @param cann_ctx                     The CANN backend context.
+ * @param cgraph                       The ggml computation graph.
+ * @param use_cann_graph               Whether to use CANN graph execution.
+ * @param cann_graph_capture_required  Whether graph capture is needed due to graph changes.
  */
-static void evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
-    bool & use_cann_graph,  bool & cann_graph_update_required) {
+static void evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx,
+                                            ggml_cgraph *               cgraph,
+                                            bool                        use_cann_graph,
+                                            bool                        cann_graph_capture_required) {
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
-    ggml_cann_graph* matched_graph = cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.cache_list.front();
-    if (use_cann_graph && cann_graph_update_required) {
+    if (use_cann_graph && cann_graph_capture_required) {  // Begin CANN graph capture
         ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRICaptureBegin(cann_ctx->stream(), ACL_MODEL_RI_CAPTURE_MODE_GLOBAL));
     }
-#endif // USE_ACL_GRAPH
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
     // Only perform the graph execution if CANN graphs are not enabled, or we are capturing the graph.
     // With the use of CANN graphs, the execution will be performed by the graph launch.
-    if (!use_cann_graph || cann_graph_update_required) {
+    static bool opt_fusion = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_OPERATOR_FUSION").value_or(""));
+
+    if (!use_cann_graph || cann_graph_capture_required) {
         for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
             ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+            if (opt_fusion) {
+                if (ggml_cann_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_ADD, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM })) {
+                    ggml_cann_op_add_rms_norm_fused(*cann_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i + 1]);
+                    i++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
 
-            if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE ||
+                node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -2321,18 +2159,20 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx
     }
 
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
-    if (use_cann_graph && cann_graph_update_required) { // End CANN graph capture
-        ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRICaptureEnd(cann_ctx->stream(), &matched_graph->graph));
-    }
-
     if (use_cann_graph) {
-        // Execute graph
+        GGML_ASSERT(!cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.cache_list.empty());
+        ggml_cann_graph * matched_graph = cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.cache_list.front();
+
+        if (cann_graph_capture_required) {  // End CANN graph capture
+            ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRICaptureEnd(cann_ctx->stream(), &matched_graph->graph));
+        }
+
+        // Execute CANN graph
         ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRIExecuteAsync(matched_graph->graph, cann_ctx->stream()));
     }
-#endif // USE_ACL_GRAPH
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Computes a computational graph using a CANN backend.
  *
@@ -2345,21 +2185,19 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx
  * @return enum ggml_status Returns GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS if computation
  *         completes successfully, otherwise an appropriate error status.
  */
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
-    ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph* cgraph) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
     g_nz_workspaces[cann_ctx->device].clear();
 
     // calculate rope cache for fist layer in current device.
     cann_ctx->rope_cache.cached = false;
 
+    bool graph_capture_required = false;
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
     bool use_cann_graph = true;
-    bool cann_graph_update_required = false;
 
-    static bool prefill_use_graph = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_PREFILL_USE_GRAPH").value_or(""));
+    static bool prefill_use_graph = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_PREFILL_USE_GRAPH").value_or(""));
     if (!prefill_use_graph) {
         // Do not use acl_graph for prefill.
         for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
@@ -2380,22 +2218,17 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
 
     if (use_cann_graph) {
         // If no matching graph is found, the graph needs to be recaptured.
-        cann_graph_update_required = !is_matched_graph(cann_ctx, cgraph);
-        if (cann_graph_update_required) {
+        graph_capture_required = !cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.find_and_move_to_front(cgraph);
+        if (graph_capture_required) {
             // If no matching graph is found, add a new ACL graph.
-            add_lru_matched_graph_node_properties(cann_ctx, cgraph);
+            ggml_cann_graph * new_graph = ggml_cann_graph::create_from_cgraph(cgraph);
+            cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.push(new_graph);
         }
     }
 #else
     bool use_cann_graph = false;
-    bool cann_graph_update_required = false;
 #endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
-    evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(
-        cann_ctx,
-        cgraph,
-        use_cann_graph,
-        cann_graph_update_required
-    );
+    evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(cann_ctx, cgraph, use_cann_graph, graph_capture_required);
 
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -2412,8 +2245,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
  * @return bool Returns true if the operation is supported by the backend,
  *              otherwise false.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
-                                                    const ggml_tensor* op) {
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
     switch (op->op) {
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
@@ -2448,24 +2280,24 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                     return false;
             }
             break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                    return true;
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        return true;
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
-                    return false;
+                        // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
+                        return false;
 #endif
-                    // only support contiguous for quantized types.
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
-                            ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
-                default:
-                    return false;
+                        // only support contiguous for quantized types.
+                        return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-        }
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
             switch (op->src[0]->type) {
                 case GGML_TYPE_F16:
@@ -2478,101 +2310,109 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
-                            ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
         // embedding
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS: {
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                    return true;
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS: {
-            switch (op->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    return true;
-                default:
-                    return false;
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            {
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-        } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CPY: {
-            ggml_tensor *src = op->src[0];
-            if ((op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
-                  (src->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-                    src->type != GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
-                // only support F32 and F16.
-                return false;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                switch (op->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-            return true;
-        } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CONT: {
-            // TODO: support GGML_TYPE_BF16
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    return true;
-                default:
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * src = op->src[0];
+                if ((op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+                    (src->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src->type != GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+                    // only support F32 and F16.
                     return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
-            // TODO: with ops-test v == 1
-            // TODO: n_dims <= ne0
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->op_params[1]) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
-            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
-                return false;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            {
+                // TODO: support GGML_TYPE_BF16
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            {
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] > 896) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            if(!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])){
-                return false;
-            }
+                // TODO: Support rope_dim < ne00(dim)
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->op_params[1]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #endif
-            return true;
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE: {
-            // aclnnUpsampleNearest2dGetWorkspaceSize not support
-            // selfDimN[2]/outDimN[2] or selfDimC[3]/outDimC[3] not equal
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[2] * op->ne[3] != op->src[0]->ne[3] * op->ne[2]) {
-                return false;
+                return true;
             }
-            if (op->op_params[0] != GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
-                return false;
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
+            {
+                // aclnnUpsampleNearest2dGetWorkspaceSize not support
+                // selfDimN[2]/outDimN[2] or selfDimC[3]/outDimC[3] not equal
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[2] * op->ne[3] != op->src[0]->ne[3] * op->ne[2]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->op_params[0] != GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->op_params[0] & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
-            return true;
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D: {
-            const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) op->op_params;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            {
+                const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) op->op_params;
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            enum ggml_op_pool opt = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
-            if(opt == GGML_OP_POOL_MAX){
-                return false;
-            }
+                enum ggml_op_pool opt = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
+                if (opt == GGML_OP_POOL_MAX) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #endif
-            const int       k0   = opts[1];
-            const int       k1   = opts[2];
-            const int       p0   = opts[5];
-            const int       p1   = opts[6];
-            // value of paddingH should be at most half of kernelH
-            // value of paddingW should be at most half of kernelW
-            return (p0 <= (k0 / 2)) && (p1 <= (k1 / 2));
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
+                const int k0 = opts[1];
+                const int k1 = opts[2];
+                const int p0 = opts[5];
+                const int p1 = opts[6];
+                // value of paddingH should be at most half of kernelH
+                // value of paddingW should be at most half of kernelW
+                return (p0 <= (k0 / 2)) && (p1 <= (k1 / 2));
+            }
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
+        case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
@@ -2596,7 +2436,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            // TODO: add circular padding support for cann, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16985
+            return ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 8) == 0;
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
@@ -2607,54 +2450,72 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_OUT_PROD:
+            {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+                // Ger is not supported on 310p device
+                return false;
+#endif
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-            // TODO: ((weightL - 1) * dilationW - padLeft)=1336 should not be larger than 255.
-            return (op->src[0]->ne[0] - 1) <= 255;
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
             float bias;
-            memcpy(&bias, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
-            return bias == 0.0f; // TODO: support bias != 0.0f
+            memcpy(&bias, (const float *) (op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
+            return bias == 0.0f;  // TODO: support bias != 0.0f
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
             if (op->src[2]) {
                 return false;
             }
             return true;
-        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:{
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            // FA not support on 310p device
-            return false;
-#endif
-            // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
-            if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            if(op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
-            if (op->src[4]) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
-                // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 16 != 0) {
-                // TODO: padding to support
-                return false;
-            }
-            float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
-            if(logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
+                // FA not support on 310p device
                 return false;
+#endif
+                // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
+                if (op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                    op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
+                if (op->src[4]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
+                    // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 16 != 0) {
+                    // TODO: padding to support
+                    return false;
+                }
+                float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
+                memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (const float *) (op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
+                if (logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
             return true;
-        }
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -2662,43 +2523,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Checks if the backend buffer type is associated with the CANN backend.
- *
- * This function checks whether the provided backend buffer type is associated
- * with the CANN backend based on the comparison of its name retrieval function
- * pointer.
- *
- * @param buft Pointer to the backend buffer type to check.
- * @return bool Returns true if the buffer type is associated with the CANN
- * backend, otherwise false.
- */
-static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Determines if a tensor operation should be offloaded to the CANN
- * backend.
- *
- * This function checks if a given tensor operation should be offloaded to the
- * CANN backend based on the operation type and the size of the tensor. It
- * returns true if the second dimension (ne[1]) of the tensor is greater than or
- * equal to the minimum batch size and the operation is not GGML_OP_GET_ROWS.
- *
- * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
- * @param op Pointer to the tensor operation to check.
- * @return bool Returns true if the operation should be offloaded, otherwise
- * false.
- */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
-                                                   const ggml_tensor* op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-
-    return op->ne[1] >= min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS;
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief Records an event on the CANN backend stream.
  *
@@ -2708,9 +2532,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be recorded.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context, cann_ctx->stream()));
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context, cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2723,13 +2546,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure that the backend needs to wait
  * for.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend,
-                                         ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     if (ggml_backend_is_cann(backend)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx->stream(),
-                                       (aclrtEvent)event->context));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx->stream(), (aclrtEvent) event->context));
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
@@ -2768,30 +2588,31 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cann_interface = {
  * @return A pointer to the static GUID.
  */
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cann_guid() {
-    static ggml_guid guid = {0xa1, 0x94, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x47, 0x34,
-                             0xbe, 0x1a, 0x9e, 0x71, 0x1f, 0x9e, 0xed, 0x64};
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0xa1, 0x94, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x47, 0x34,
+                              0xbe, 0x1a, 0x9e, 0x71, 0x1f, 0x9e, 0xed, 0x64 };
     return &guid;
 }
 
 // backend device
 struct ggml_backend_cann_device_context {
-    int device;
+    int         device;
     std::string name;
     std::string description;
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_cann_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ctx->name.c_str();
 }
 
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ctx->description.c_str();
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(ctx->device, free, total);
 }
 
@@ -2818,7 +2639,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
 
 static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
     GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ggml_backend_cann_init(ctx->device);
 }
 
@@ -2835,19 +2656,17 @@ static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, cons
  * @return bool Returns true if the CANN backend supports the buffer type,
  *              otherwise false.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft(
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     if (ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(buft)) {
-        ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx =
-                        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_device_context *      dev_ctx  = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
         return buft_ctx->device == dev_ctx->device;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(ctx->device);
 }
 
@@ -2856,6 +2675,26 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type(
     return ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type();
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Determines if a tensor operation should be offloaded to the CANN
+ * backend.
+ *
+ * This function checks if a given tensor operation should be offloaded to the
+ * CANN backend based on the operation type and the size of the tensor. It
+ * returns true if the second dimension (ne[1]) of the tensor is greater than or
+ * equal to the minimum batch size and the operation is not GGML_OP_GET_ROWS.
+ *
+ * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
+ * @param op Pointer to the tensor operation to check.
+ * @return bool Returns true if the operation should be offloaded, otherwise
+ * false.
+ */
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+
+    return op->ne[1] >= dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS;
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Creates a new event for the CANN backend device.
  *
@@ -2866,9 +2705,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type(
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
  * @return ggml_backend_event_t Returns a pointer to the new event structure.
  */
-static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(dev_ctx->device);
 
@@ -2890,7 +2728,7 @@ static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be freed.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context));
 
     delete event;
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
@@ -2904,7 +2742,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_bac
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be synchronized.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context));
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
@@ -2915,10 +2753,10 @@ static const ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_cann_device_interface = {
     /* .get_memory              = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_memory,
     /* .get_type                = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_type,
     /* .get_props               = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend            = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_init,    // called for every card
+    /* .init_backend            = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_init,  // called for every card
     /* .get_buffer_type         = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_buffer_type,
     /* .get_host_buffer_type    = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr    = */ NULL, // not supported for CANN
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr    = */ NULL,  // not supported for CANN
     /* .supports_op             = */ ggml_backend_cann_supports_op,
     /* .supports_buft           = */ ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft,
     /* .offload_op              = */ ggml_backend_cann_offload_op,
@@ -2927,7 +2765,6 @@ static const ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_cann_device_interface = {
     /* .event_synchronize       = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_event_synchronize,
 };
 
-
 // backend reg
 struct ggml_backend_cann_reg_context {
     std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
@@ -2939,12 +2776,12 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *) reg->context;
     return ctx->devices.size();
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *) reg->context;
     GGML_ASSERT(index < ctx->devices.size());
     return ctx->devices[index];
 }
@@ -2966,34 +2803,32 @@ static const ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface = {
 // backend registry, called only once for cann backend
 ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cann_reg() {
     static ggml_backend_reg reg;
-    static bool initialized = false;
+    static bool             initialized = false;
 
     {
-        static std::mutex mutex;
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
         if (!initialized) {
             aclInit(nullptr);
             ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_reg_context;
+            const int min_batch_size = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < ggml_cann_info().device_count; i++) {
-                ggml_backend_cann_device_context* dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_device_context();
-                dev_ctx->description = aclrtGetSocName();
-                dev_ctx->device = i;
-                dev_ctx->name = GGML_CANN_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+                ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_device_context();
+                dev_ctx->description                       = aclrtGetSocName();
+                dev_ctx->device                            = i;
+                dev_ctx->name                              = GGML_CANN_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+                dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size         = min_batch_size;
                 ggml_cann_set_device(i);
-                ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
-                    /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_interface,
-                    /* .reg     = */ &reg,
-                    /* .context = */ dev_ctx
-                };
+                ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device{ /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_interface,
+                                                                  /* .reg     = */ &reg,
+                                                                  /* .context = */ dev_ctx };
                 ctx->devices.push_back(dev);
             }
 
-            reg = ggml_backend_reg {
-                /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
-                /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface,
-                /* .context     = */ ctx
-            };
+            reg = ggml_backend_reg{ /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+                                    /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface,
+                                    /* .context     = */ ctx };
         }
 
         initialized = true;
@@ -3009,39 +2844,36 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_init(int32_t device) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_context(device);
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_context(device);
     if (ctx == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     ggml_backend_t cann_backend =
-        new ggml_backend{/* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cann_guid(),
-                         /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cann_interface,
-                         /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), device),
-                         /* .context   = */ ctx};
+        new ggml_backend{ /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cann_guid(),
+                          /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cann_interface,
+                          /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), device),
+                          /* .context   = */ ctx };
 
     return cann_backend;
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_is_cann(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend != NULL &&
-           ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_cann_guid());
+    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_cann_guid());
 }
 
 int32_t ggml_backend_cann_get_device_count() {
     return ggml_cann_info().device_count;
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_description(
-    int32_t device, char* description, size_t description_size) {
+void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_description(int32_t device, char * description, size_t description_size) {
     ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-    const char* soc_name = aclrtGetSocName();
+    const char * soc_name = aclrtGetSocName();
     snprintf(description, description_size, "%s", soc_name);
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(int32_t device, size_t* free,
-                                         size_t* total) {
+void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(int32_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     ggml_cann_set_device(device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtGetMemInfo(ACL_HBM_MEM, free, total));
 }