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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
+
+
+Title: Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: August 22, 2009 [EBook #29765]
+
+Language: English
+
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Graham Lawrence
+
+
+
+
+A
+A (named a in the English, and most commonly ä in other languages).
+
+Defn: The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets.
+The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also
+the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter,
+etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from
+the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first
+letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a
+consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an
+element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent
+their vowel Alpha with the ä sound, the Phoenician alphabet having no
+vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different
+vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long
+a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken
+the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was
+a sound of the quality of ä (as in far).
+
+2. (Mus.)
+
+Defn: The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in
+C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the
+scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A
+in the treble staff.
+ -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
+and B.
+ -- A flat (A) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.
+
+A per se Etym: (L. per se by itself), one preëminent; a nonesuch.
+[Obs.]
+O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer.
+
+A
+A (# emph. #).
+
+1. Etym: [Shortened form of an. AS. an one. See One.]
+
+Defn: An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and
+signifying one or any, but less emphatically.
+
+Defn: "At a birth"; "In a word"; "At a blow". Shak.
+
+Note: It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an
+individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective
+nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the
+phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a
+man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few
+persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of
+euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception
+of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a
+year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally
+an was used both before vowels and consonants.
+
+2. Etym: [Originally the preposition a (an, on).]
+
+Defn: In each; to or for each; as, "twenty leagues a day", "a hundred
+pounds a year", "a dollar a yard", etc.
+
+A
+A, prep. Etym: [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.]
+
+1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] "A God's name." "Torn a pieces." "Stand a
+tiptoe." "A Sundays" Shak. "Wit that men have now a days." Chaucer.
+"Set them a work." Robynson (More's Utopia)
+
+2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal
+substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a
+shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel
+sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. "Jacob, when he was a
+dying" Heb. xi. 21. "We'll a birding together." " It was a doing."
+Shak. "He burst out a laughing." Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to
+connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or
+the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now
+for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal
+substantive treated as a participle.
+
+A
+A. Etym: [From AS. of off, from. See Of.]
+
+Defn: Of. [Obs.] "The name of John a Gaunt." "What time a day is it "
+Shak. "It's six a clock." B. Jonson.
+
+A
+A.
+
+Defn: A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and
+of they. "So would I a done" "A brushes his hat." Shak.
+
+A
+A.
+
+Defn: An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter
+A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. Shak.
+
+A-
+A-
+
+Defn: A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various
+sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of
+AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep,
+aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble,
+etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofdüne off the dun or
+hill). (3) AS. a- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an
+intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in
+arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS.
+inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-),
+which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in
+aware. (5) French à (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab,
+abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix a without, or
+privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-.
+
+Note: Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a
+takes its origin.
+
+A 1
+A 1. A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships
+in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A
+3.
+
+Note: A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply
+superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.
+
+AAM
+Aam, n. Etym: [D. aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a water bucket, Gr.
+
+Defn: A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different
+cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36½, at
+Hamburg 38¼. [Written also Aum and Awm.]
+
+AARD-VARK
+Aard"-vark`, n. Etym: [D., earth-pig.] (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: An edentate mammal, of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat
+resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows
+in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its
+long, slimy tongue.
+
+AARD-WOLF
+Aard"-wolf`, n. Etym: [D, earth-wolf] (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: A carnivorous quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa,
+resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.
+
+AARONIC; AARONICAL
+Aa*ron"ic, Aa*ron"ic*al, a.
+
+Defn: Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.
+
+AARON'S ROD
+Aar"on's rod`. Etym: [See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]
+
+1. (Arch.)
+
+Defn: A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from
+the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.
+
+2. (Bot.)
+
+Defn: A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or
+hag-taper, and the golden-rod.
+
+AB-
+Ab-. Etym: [Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. of, off. See
+Of.]
+
+Defn: A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies from, away
+, separating, or departure, as in abduct, abstract, abscond. See A-
+(6).
+
+AB
+Ab, n. Etym: [Of Syriac origin.]
+
+Defn: The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the
+ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation,
+coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.
+
+ABACA
+Ab"a*ca, n. Etym: [The native name.]
+
+Defn: The Manila-hemp plant (Musa textilis); also, its fiber. See
+Manila hemp under Manila.
+
+ABACINATE
+A*bac"i*nate, v.t. Etym: [LL. abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare; ab off +
+bacinus a basin.]
+
+Defn: To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes. [R.]
+
+ABACINATION
+A*bac`i*na"tion, n.
+
+Defn: The act of abacinating. [R.]
+
+ABACISCUS
+Ab`a*cis"cus, n. Etym: [Gr.Abacus.] (Arch.)
+
+Defn: One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an
+abaculus.
+
+ABACIST
+Ab"a*cist, n. Etym: [LL abacista, fr. abacus.]
+
+Defn: One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.
+
+ABACK
+A*back", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + back; AS. on bæc at, on, or toward
+the back. See Back.]
+
+1. Toward the back or rear; backward. "Therewith aback she started."
+Chaucer.
+
+2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles.
+
+3. (Naut.)
+
+Defn: Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by
+the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward
+against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the
+sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or
+discomfited. Dickens.
+
+ABACK
+Ab"ack, n.
+
+Defn: An abacus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
+
+ABACTINAL
+Ab*ac"ti*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a
+radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal. "The aboral or abactinal
+area." L. Agassiz.
+
+ABACTION
+Ab*ac"tion, n.
+
+Defn: Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]
+
+ABACTOR
+Ab*ac"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab+agere to
+drive.] (Law)
+
+Defn: One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or
+droves. [Obs.]
+
+ABACULUS
+A*bac"u*lus, n.; pl. Abaculi. Etym: [L., dim. of abacus.] (Arch.)
+
+Defn: A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various
+colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.
+Fairholt.
+
+ABACUS
+Ab"a*cus, n. E. pl. Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci. Etym: [L. abacus, abax,
+Gr.
+
+1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing,
+calculating, etc. [Obs.]
+
+2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing
+arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in
+grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens,
+etc. It is still employed in China.
+
+3. (Arch.)
+(a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column,
+immediately under the architrave. See Column.
+(b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.
+
+4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for
+holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or
+sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the
+structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb.
+
+ABADA
+Ab"a*da, n. Etym: [Pg., the female rhinoceros.]
+
+Defn: The rhinoceros. [Obs.] Purchas.
+
+ABADDON
+A*bad"don, n. Etym: [Heb. abaddon destruction, abyss, fr. abad to be
+lost, to perish.]
+
+1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as
+Apollyon and Asmodeus.
+
+2. Hell; the bottomless pit. [Poetic]
+In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt. Milton.
+
+ABAFT
+A*baft", prep. Etym: [Pref. a-on + OE. baft, baften, biaften, AS.
+beæftan; be by + æftan behind. See After, Aft, By.] (Naut.)
+
+Defn: Behind; toward the stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse. Abaft
+the beam. See under Beam.
+
+ABAFT
+A*baft", adv. (Naut.)
+
+Defn: Toward the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.
+
+ABAISANCE
+A*bai"sance, n. Etym: [For obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E.
+abase]
+
+Defn: Obeisance. [Obs.] Jonson.
+
+ABAISER
+A*bai"ser, n.
+
+Defn: Ivory black or animal charcoal. Weale.
+
+ABAIST
+A*baist", p.p.
+
+Defn: Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+ABALIENATE
+Ab*al"ien*ate, v.t. Etym: [L. abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab +
+alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]
+
+1. (Civil Law)
+
+Defn: To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.
+
+2. To estrange; to withdraw. [Obs.]
+
+3. To cause alienation of (mind). Sandys.
+
+ABALIENATION
+Ab*al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]
+
+Defn: The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement. [Obs.]
+
+ABALONE
+Ab`a*lo"ne, n. (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is lined
+with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear.
+Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging
+closely to the rocks.
+
+ABAND
+A*band", v.t. Etym: [Contracted from abandon.]
+
+1. To abandon. [Obs.]
+Enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser.
+
+2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.
+
+ABANDON
+A*ban"don, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abandoned; p.pr. & vb.n. Abandoning.]
+Etym: [OF. abandoner, F.abandonner; a (L. ad)+bandon permission,
+authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation, interdiction,
+bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan
+to show by signs, to designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant
+to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to
+compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to
+give up. See Ban.]
+
+1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Obs.]
+That he might . . . abandon them from him. Udall.
+Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak.
+
+2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly;
+to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a
+person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to
+surrender.
+Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor.
+
+3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-
+control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad
+sense.
+He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice. Macaulay.
+
+4. (Mar. Law)
+
+Defn: To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person
+gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a
+policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured
+against.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate;
+quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw
+from.
+ -- To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a
+person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode
+of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a
+thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places,
+opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked
+vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The
+Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to
+the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when
+used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad
+sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of
+something which the person should rightfully stand by and support;
+as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's
+principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not
+necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village,
+deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit,
+association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been
+familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the
+paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used
+either in a good or in a bad sense.
+
+ABANDON
+A*ban"don, n. Etym: [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.]
+
+Defn: Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]
+
+ABANDON
+A`ban`don", n. Etym: [F. See Abandon.]
+
+Defn: A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from
+artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.
+
+ABANDONED
+A*ban"doned, a.
+
+1. Forsaken, deserted. "Your abandoned streams." Thomson.
+
+2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning
+without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate;
+wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.
+ -- Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in
+expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has
+reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life
+or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry.
+Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience
+and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up
+to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes
+the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is
+morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.
+God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28.
+
+ABANDONEDLY
+A*ban"doned*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: Unrestrainedly.
+
+ABANDONEE
+A*ban`don*ee", n. (Law)
+
+Defn: One to whom anything is legally abandoned.
+
+ABANDONER
+A*ban"don*er, n.
+
+Defn: One who abandons. Beau. & Fl.
+
+ABANDONMENT
+A*ban"don*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abandonnement.]
+
+1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total
+desertion; relinquishment.
+The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke.
+
+2. (Mar. Law)
+
+Defn: The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what
+may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril
+insured against.
+
+3. (Com. Law)
+
+Defn: (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to
+mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is
+bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.
+
+4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle.
+
+ABANDUM
+A*ban"*dum, n. Etym: [LL. See Abandon.] (Law)
+
+Defn: Anything forfeited or confiscated.
+
+ABANET
+Ab"a*net, n.
+
+Defn: See Abnet.
+
+ABANGA
+A*ban"ga, n. Etym: [Name given by the negroes in the island of St.
+Thomas.]
+
+Defn: A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of
+which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.
+
+ABANNATION; ABANNITION
+Ab`an*na"tion, Ab`an*nition, n. Etym: [LL. abannatio; ad + LL.
+bannire to banish.] (Old Law)
+
+Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Bailey.
+
+ABARTICULATION
+Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F.
+abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)
+
+Defn: Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of
+free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe.
+
+ABASE
+A*base", v.t. [imp.&p.p. Abased; p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] Etym: [F.
+abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See
+Base, a.]
+
+1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye.
+[Archaic] Bacon.
+Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton.
+
+2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition
+in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to
+degrade.
+Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv. ll.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of
+bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to
+a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase one's self
+before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in
+purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad
+sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by
+vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar
+expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some
+higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from
+the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a
+bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by
+intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. "Art is degraded when it
+is regarded only as a trade."
+
+ABASED
+A*based", a.
+
+1. Lowered; humbled.
+
+2. (Her.) Etym: [F. abaissé.]
+
+Defn: Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the
+wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.
+
+ABASEDLY
+A*bas"ed*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: Abjectly; downcastly.
+
+ABASEMENT
+A*base"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abaissement.]
+
+Defn: The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of
+being abased or humbled; humiliation.
+
+ABASER
+A*bas"er, n.
+
+Defn: He who, or that which, abases.
+
+ABASH
+A*bash", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abashed; p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.] Etym:
+[OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF.esbahir, F. ébahir, to
+astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment.
+In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. Finish.]
+
+Defn: To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as
+by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or
+inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.
+Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. Milton.
+He was a man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.
+ -- To Abash, Confuse, Confound. Abash is a stronger word than
+confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck
+either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as,
+Peter was abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his
+superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling
+occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a
+witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid
+person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We
+are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by
+something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have
+nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the
+discovery of his guilt.
+Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. Milton.
+
+ABASHEDLY
+A*bash"ed*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: In an abashed manner.
+
+ABASHMENT
+A*bash"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ébahissement.]
+
+Defn: The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.
+
+ABASIA
+A*ba"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr. - not +  a step.] (Med.)
+
+Defn: Inability to coördinate muscular actions properly in walking. -
+- A*ba"sic (#), a.
+
+ABASSI; ABASSIS
+A*bas"si, A*bas"sis, n. Etym: [Ar.& Per. abasi, belonging to Abas (a
+king of Persia).]
+
+Defn: A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.
+
+ABATABLE
+A*bat"a*ble, a.
+
+Defn: Capable of being abated; as, an abatable writ or nuisance.
+
+ABATE
+A*bate", v.t. [imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. & vb.n. Abating.] Etym: [OF.
+abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL. abatere; ab or ad + batere,
+battere (popular form for L. batuere to beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]
+
+1. To beat down; to overthrow. [Obs.]
+The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls. Edw. Hall.
+
+2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or
+degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut
+short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope.
+His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deut. xxxiv. 7.
+
+3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price.
+Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. Fuller.
+
+4. To blunt. [Obs.]
+To abate the edge of envy. Bacon.
+
+5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.]
+She hath abated me of half my train. Shak.
+
+6. (Law)
+
+Defn: (a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with;
+as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng. Law) To diminish;
+to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in
+proportion, upon a deficiency of assets. To abate a tax, to remit it
+either wholly or in part.
+
+ABATE
+A*bate", v.i. Etym: [See Abate, v.t.]
+
+1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain
+abates, a storm abates.
+The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated. Macaulay.
+
+2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a
+writ abates. To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to
+enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and
+before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.
+ -- To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming
+down from some previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses
+this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of
+intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the
+wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle
+down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion;
+as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm.
+When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be
+observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of
+intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a
+man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage
+abates". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from
+preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside;
+as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into
+a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous
+in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided,
+his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases,
+we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might
+use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in
+other instances.
+
+ABATE
+A*bate, n.
+
+Defn: Abatement. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
+
+ABATEMENT
+A*bate"ment, n. Etym: [OF. abatement, F. abattement.]
+
+1. The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening,
+diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the
+abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof.
+
+2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction;
+deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.
+
+3. (Her.)
+
+Defn: A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.
+
+4. (Law)
+
+Defn: The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after
+the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.
+Blackstone. Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), plea to
+the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of
+jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.
+
+ABATER
+A*bat"er, n.
+
+Defn: One who, or that which, abates.
+
+ABATIS; ABATTIS
+Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, n. Etym: [F. abatis, abattis, mass of things
+beaten or cut down, fr. abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)
+
+Defn: A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose
+branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.
+
+ABATISED
+Ab"a*tised, a.
+
+Defn: Provided with an abatis.
+
+ABATOR
+A*ba"tor, n. (Law)
+
+Defn: (a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right,
+enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the
+heir or devisee. Blackstone.
+
+ABATTOIR
+A`bat`toir", n.; pl. Abattoirs. Etym: [F., fr. abattre to beat down.
+See Abate.]
+
+Defn: A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.
+
+ABATURE
+Ab"a*ture, n. Etym: [F. abatture, fr. abattre. See Abate.]
+
+Defn: Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing
+through them. Crabb.
+
+ABATVOIX
+A`bat`voix", n. Etym: [F. abattre to beat down + voix voice.]
+
+Defn: The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.
+
+ABAWED
+Ab*awed", p.p. Etym: [Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to
+frighten, disconcert, fr. L. ad + balbus stammering.]
+
+Defn: Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+ABAXIAL; ABAXILE
+Ab*ax"i*al, Ab*ax"ile, a. Etym: [L. ab + axis axle.] (Bot.)
+
+Defn: Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. Balfour.
+
+ABAY
+A*bay", n. Etym: [OF. abay barking.]
+
+Defn: Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]
+
+ABB
+Abb, n. Etym: [AS. aweb, ab; pref. a- + web. See Web.]
+
+Defn: Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for
+the abb.
+
+ABBA
+Ab"ba, n. Etym: [Syriac abba father. See Abbot.]
+
+Defn: Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and
+Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops
+to the patriarch.
+
+ABBACY
+Ab"ba*cy, n.; pl. Abbacies. Etym: [L. abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis,
+abbot. See Abbey.]
+
+Defn: The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.
+
+ABBATIAL
+Ab*ba"tial, a. Etym: [LL. abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]
+
+Defn: Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights.
+
+ABBATICAL
+Ab*bat"ic*al, a.
+
+Defn: Abbatial. [Obs.]
+
+ABBE
+Ab"bé`, n.Etym: [F. abbé. See Abbot.]
+
+Defn: The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an
+abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one
+vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.
+
+Note: * After the 16th century, the name was given, in social
+parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the
+crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and
+fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied
+to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littré.
+
+ABBESS
+Ab"bess, n. Etym: [OF.abaesse, abeesse, F. abbesse, L. abbatissa,
+fem. of abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbot.]
+
+Defn: A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of
+nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have
+over the monks. See Abbey.
+
+ABBEY
+Ab"bey, n.; pl. Abbeys. Etym: [OF. abaïe, F. abbaye, L. abbatia, fr.
+abbas abbot. See Abbot.]
+
+1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the
+world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic
+building or buildings.
+
+Note: The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women
+are called nuns, and governed by an abbess.
+
+2. The church of a monastery.
+
+Note: In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland,
+the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for
+a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the
+residence of Lord Byron.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.
+
+ABBOT
+Ab"bot, n. Etym: [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. abba
+father. Cf. Abba, AbbÉ.]
+
+1. The superior or head of an abbey.
+
+2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc.
+Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief
+magistrates in Genoa.
+ -- Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in mediæval times, the
+master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of
+Unreason. Encyc. Brit.
+
+ABBOTSHIP
+Ab"bot*ship, n. Etym: [Abbot + -ship.]
+
+Defn: The state or office of an abbot.
+
+ABBREVIATE
+Ab*bre"vi*ate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abbreviated; p.pr. & vb.n.
+Abbreviating.] Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
+breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See Abridge.]
+
+1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction
+or omission, especially of words written or spoken.
+It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off.
+Bacon.
+
+2. (Math.)
+
+Defn: To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.
+
+ABBREVIATE
+Ab*bre"vi*ate, a. Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p.]
+
+1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] "The abbreviate form."
+Earle.
+
+2. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the
+ordinary type.
+
+ABBREVIATE
+Ab*bre"vi*ate, n.
+
+Defn: An abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot.
+
+ABBREVIATED
+Ab*bre"vi*a`ted, a.
+
+Defn: Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.
+
+ABBREVIATION
+Ab*bre`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. abbreviatio: cf. F. abbréviation.]
+
+1. The act of shortening, or reducing.
+
+2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor.
+
+3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and
+omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which
+they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of
+America.
+
+4. (Mus.)
+
+Defn: One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it
+respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.
+
+ABBREVIATOR
+Ab*bre"vi*a`tor, n. Etym: [LL.: cf. F. abbréviateur.]
+
+1. One who abbreviates or shortens.
+
+2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose
+duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply
+of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into
+official form.
+
+ABBREVIATORY
+Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry, a.
+
+Defn: Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.
+
+ABBREVIATURE
+Ab*bre"vi*a*ture, n.
+
+1. An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.]
+
+2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
+This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian.
+Jer. Taylor.
+
+ABB WOOL
+Abb" wool.
+
+Defn: See Abb.
+
+A B C
+A B C".
+
+1. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole
+alphabet.
+
+2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading.
+[Obs.]
+
+3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B C of finance. A
+B C book, a primer. Shak.
+
+ABDAL
+Ab"dal, n. Etym: [Ar. badil, pl. abdal, a substitute, a good,
+religious man, saint, fr. badala to change, substitute.]
+
+Defn: A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.
+
+ABDERIAN
+Ab*de"ri*an, a. Etym: [From Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place
+Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]
+
+Defn: Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.
+
+ABDERITE
+Ab*de"rite, n. Etym: [L. Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '
+
+Defn: An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace. The Abderite, Democritus,
+the Laughing Philosopher.
+
+ABDEST
+Ab"dest, n. Etym: [Per. abdast; ab water + dast hand.]
+
+Defn: Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a
+Mohammedan rite. Heyse.
+
+ABDICABLE
+Ab"di*ca*ble, a.
+
+Defn: Capable of being abdicated.
+
+ABDICANT
+Ab"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]
+
+Defn: Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
+Monks abdicant of their orders. Whitlock.
+
+ABDICANT
+Ab"di*cant, n.
+
+Defn: One who abdicates. Smart.
+
+ABDICATE
+Ab"di*cate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abdicated; p.pr. & vb.n. Abdicating.]
+Etym: [L. abdicatus, p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim, akin
+to dicere to say. See Diction.]
+
+1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw
+definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station,
+dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy.
+
+Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II.,
+to abandon without a formal surrender.
+The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon.
+
+2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty,
+right, etc.
+He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke.
+The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude.
+
+3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
+
+4. (Civil Law)
+
+Defn: To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child;
+to disown; to disinherit.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign;
+renounce; desert.
+ -- To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a
+monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority;
+as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any
+person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands
+of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer
+resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, "The king resigned his
+crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he
+held it from his people.
+ -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into
+view.
+
+ABDICATE
+Ab"di*cate, v.i.
+
+Defn: To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
+dignity.
+Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for
+the monarchy. Burke.
+
+ABDICATION
+Ab`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]
+
+Defn: The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,
+dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation
+of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power,
+authority.
+
+ABDICATIVE
+Ab"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. abdicativus.]
+
+Defn: Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] Bailey.
+
+ABDICATOR
+Ab"di*ca`tor, n.
+
+Defn: One who abdicates.
+
+ABDITIVE
+Ab"di*tive, a. Etym: [L. abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]
+
+Defn: Having the quality of hiding. [R.] Bailey.
+
+ABDITORY
+Ab"di*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. abditorium.]
+
+Defn: A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Cowell.
+
+ABDOMEN
+Ab*do"men, n. Etym: [L. abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.
+abdomen.]
+
+1. (Anat.)
+
+Defn: The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the
+pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the
+peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In
+man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the
+commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic
+cavity.
+
+2. (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in
+insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.
+
+ABDOMINAL
+Ab*dom"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abdominal.]
+
+1. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal
+regions, muscles, cavity.
+
+2. (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as,
+abdominal fishes. Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied ringlike opening
+on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; --
+called also inguinal ring.
+
+ABDOMINAL
+Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.
+
+Defn: A fish of the group Abdominales.
+
+ABDOMINALES
+Ab*dom`i*na"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl.] (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and
+many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind
+the pectorals.
+
+ABDOMINALIA
+Ab*dom`i*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl.] (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.
+
+ABDOMINOSCOPY
+Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [L. abdomen + Gr. (Med.)
+
+Defn: Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.
+
+ABDOMINOTHORACIC
+Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic, a.
+
+Defn: Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.
+
+ABDOMINOUS
+Ab*dom"i*nous, a.
+
+Defn: Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
+Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese
+fan. Cowper.
+
+ABDUCE
+Ab*duce", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abduced; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] Etym:
+[L. abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf.
+Abduct.]
+
+Defn: To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different
+part. [Obs.]
+If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not
+duplicate. Sir T. Browne.
+
+ABDUCT
+Ab*duct", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abducted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducting.] Etym:
+[L. abductus, p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]
+
+1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human
+being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.
+
+2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.
+
+ABDUCTION
+Ab*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.]
+
+1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying
+away. Roget.
+
+2. (Physiol.)
+
+Defn: The movement which separates a limb or other part from the
+axis, or middle line, of the body.
+
+3. (Law)
+
+Defn: The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human
+being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress.
+
+4. (Logic)
+
+Defn: A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident,
+but the minor is only probable.
+
+ABDUCTOR
+Ab*duc"tor, n. Etym: [NL.]
+
+1. One who abducts.
+
+2. (Anat.)
+
+Defn: A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median
+line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye
+outward.
+
+ABEAM
+A*beam", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + beam.] (Naut.)
+
+Defn: On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with
+the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.
+
+ABEAR
+A*bear", v.t. Etym: [AS. aberan; pref. a- + beran to bear.]
+
+1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.]
+So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser.
+
+2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens.
+
+ABEARANCE
+A*bear"ance, n.
+
+Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone.
+
+ABEARING
+A*bear"ing, n.
+
+Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T. More.
+
+ABECEDARIAN
+A`be*ce*da"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. abecedarius. A word from the first
+four letters of the alphabet.]
+
+1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.
+
+2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood.
+
+ABECEDARIAN; ABECEDARY
+A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry, a.
+
+Defn: Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet;
+alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc.,
+compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct
+portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet.
+Hook.
+
+ABECEDARY
+A`be*ce"da*ry, n.
+
+Defn: A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.]
+Fuller.
+
+ABED
+A*bed", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- in, on + bed.]
+
+1. In bed, or on the bed.
+Not to be abed after midnight. Shak.
+
+2. To childbed (in the phrase "brought abed," that is, delivered of a
+child). Shak.
+
+ABEGGE
+A*beg"ge.
+
+Defn: Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+ABELE
+A*bele", n. Etym: [D. abeel (abeel-boom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim.
+of L. albus white.]
+
+Defn: The white polar (Populus alba).
+Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning.
+
+ABELIAN; ABELITE; ABELONIAN
+A*bel"i*an, A"bel*ite, A`bel*o"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
+
+Defn: One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St.
+Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence,
+after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.
+
+ABELMOSK
+A"bel*mosk`, n. Etym: [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abu-l-misk father of
+musk, i.e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.)
+
+Defn: An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-
+moschatus), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose
+musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes
+called musk mallow.
+
+ABER-DE-VINE
+Ab`er-de-vine", n. (Zoöl.)
+
+Defn: The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and
+yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.
+
+ABERR
+Ab*err", v.i. Etym: [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.]
+
+Defn: To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
+
+ABERRANCE; ABERRANCY
+Ab*er"rance, Ab*er"ran*cy, n.
+
+Defn: State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way;
+deviation from truth, rectitude, etc. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.),
+the deviation of a curve from a circular form.
+
+ABERRANT
+Ab*er"rant, a. Etym: [L. aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of aberrare.]
+
+Defn: See Aberr.]
+
+1. Wandering; straying from the right way.
+
+2. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional;
+abnormal.
+The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number
+of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
+Darwin.
+
+ABERRATE
+Ab"er*rate, v.i. Etym: [L. aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab + errare
+to wander. See Err.]
+
+Defn: To go astray; to diverge. [R.]
+Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey.
+
+ABERRATION
+Ab`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
+Aberrate.]
+
+1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral
+rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. "The aberration of
+youth." Hall. "Aberrations from theory." Burke.
+
+2. A partial alienation of reason. "Occasional aberrations of
+intellect." Lingard.
+Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass
+with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor.
+
+3. (Astron.)
+
+Defn: A small periodical change of position in the stars and other
+heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light
+and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the
+observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or
+diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when
+greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''.
+Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the
+motion of the planet relative to the earth.
+
+4. (Opt.)
+
+Defn: The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays
+of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of
+such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due
+to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving
+different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic
+aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored
+rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.
+
+5. (Physiol.)
+
+Defn: The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate
+for it.
+
+6. (Law)
+
+Defn: The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an
+instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania;
+dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity.
+
+ABERRATIONAL
+Ab`er*ra"tion*al, a.
+
+Defn: Characterized by aberration.
+
+ABERUNCATE
+Ab`e*run"cate, v.t. Etym: [L. aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
+Averruncate.]
+
+Defn: To weed out. [Obs.] Bailey.
+
+ABERUNCATOR
+Ab`e*run"ca*tor, n.
+
+Defn: A weeding machine.
+
+ABET
+A*bet", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abetted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.] Etym:
+[OF. abeter; a (L. ad) + beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita
+to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. bita
+to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See Bait, Bet.]
+
+1. To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad
+sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to abet one in
+his wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection. "The whole
+tribe abets the villany." South.
+Would not the fool abet the stealth, Who rashly thus exposed his
+wealth Gay.
+
+2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense.
+[Obs.].
+Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted. Jer. Taylor.
+
+3. (Law)
+
+Defn: To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission
+of an offense.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate;
+countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support;
+sustain; back; connive at.
+
+ABET
+A*bet", n. Etym: [OF. abet, fr. abeter.]
+
+Defn: Act of abetting; aid. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+ABETMENT
+A*bet"ment, n.
+
+Defn: The act of abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime, etc.
+
+ABETTAL
+A*bet"tal, n.
+
+Defn: Abetment. [R.]
+
+ABETTER; ABETTOR
+A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor, n.
+
+Defn: One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.
+
+Note: The form abettor is the legal term and also in general use.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. These words denote different
+degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An abettor is one who
+incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance.
+An accessory supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the
+chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but
+accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous
+or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or
+concealing, etc., is an accessory. An accomplice is one who
+participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or
+accessory. Thus in treason, there are no abettors or accessories, but
+all are held to be principals or accomplices.
+
+ABEVACUATION
+Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ab- + evacuation.] (Med.)
+
+Defn: A partial evacuation. Mayne.
+
+ABEYANCE
+A*bey"ance, n. Etym: [OF. abeance expectation, longing; a (L. ad) +
+baer, beer, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer,
+LL. badare to gape.]
+
+1. (Law)
+
+Defn: Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.
+
+Note: When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or
+a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in abeyance, that is, in
+expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing,
+and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Blackstone.
+
+2. Suspension; temporary suppression.
+Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or
+state of abeyance. De Quincey.
+
+ABEYANCY
+A*bey"an*cy, n.
+
+Defn: Abeyance. [R.] Hawthorne.
+
+ABEYANT
+A*bey"ant, a.
+
+Defn: Being in a state of abeyance.
+
+ABGEORDNETENHAUS
+Ab"ge*ord`ne*ten*haus`, n.  [G.]
+
+Defn: See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.
+
+ABHAL
+Ab"hal, n.
+
+Defn: The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.
+
+ABHOMINABLE
+Ab*hom"i*na*ble, a.
+
+Defn: Abominable.
+
+Note: [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various
+words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.]
+This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable.
+Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.
+
+ABHOMINAL
+Ab*hom`i*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab away from + homo, hominis, man.]
+
+Defn: Inhuman. [Obs.] Fuller.
+
+ABHOR
+Ab*hor", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abhorred; p. pr. & vb. n. Abhorring.]
+Etym: [L. abhorrere; ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
+abhorrer. See Horrid.]
+
+1. To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or
+detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to
+extremity; to loathe.
+Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Rom. xii. 9.
+
+2. To fill with horror or disgust. [Obs.]
+It doth abhor me now I speak the word. Shak.
+
+3. (Canon Law)
+
+Defn: To protest against; to reject solemnly. [Obs.]
+I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge. Shak.
+
+Syn.
+ -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See Hate.
+
+ABHOR
+Ab*hor", v. i.
+
+Defn: To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary
+or averse; -- with from. [Obs.] "To abhor from those vices." Udall.
+Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton.
+
+ABHORRENCE
+Ab*hor"rence, n.
+
+Defn: Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.
+
+ABHORRENCY
+Ab*hor"ren*cy, n.
+
+Defn: Abhorrence. [Obs.] Locke.
+
+ABHORRENT
+Ab*hor"rent, a. Etym: [L. abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of abhorrere.]
+
+1. Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing;
+hence, strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent thoughts.
+The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason. Burke.
+The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn abhorrent. Clover.
+
+2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by
+to. "Injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter
+principles." Gibbon.
+
+3. Detestable. "Pride, abhorrent as it is." I. Taylor.
+
+ABHORRENTLY
+Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: With abhorrence.
+
+ABHORRER
+Ab*hor"rer, n.
+
+Defn: One who abhors. Hume.
+
+ABHORRIBLE
+Ab*hor"ri*ble, a.
+
+Defn: Detestable. [R.]
+
+ABHORRING
+Ab*hor"ring, n.
+
+1. Detestation. Milton.
+
+2. Object of abhorrence. Isa. lxvi. 24.
+
+ABIB
+A"bib, n. Etym: [Heb. abib, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so
+called from barley being at that time in ear.]
+
+Defn: The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year,
+corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity
+this month was called Nisan. Kitto.
+
+ABIDANCE
+A*bid"ance, n.
+
+Defn: The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
+The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy hill of Palestine.
+Fuller.
+A judicious abidance by rules. Helps.
+
+ABIDE
+A*bide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abode, formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
+Abiding.] Etym: [AS. abidan; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig.
+meaning out) + bidan to bide. See Bide.]
+
+1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to
+sojourn; -- with with before a person, and commonly with at or in
+before a place.
+Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55.
+
+3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue;
+to remain.
+Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20.
+Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
+The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at
+first. Fielding.
+(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an
+award.
+
+ABIDE
+A*bide", v. t.
+
+1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
+abide my time. "I will abide the coming of my lord." Tennyson.
+
+Note: [[Obs.], with a personal object.
+Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23.
+
+2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.
+[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson.
+
+3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.
+She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak.
+
+4.
+
+Note: [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.]
+
+Defn: To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.
+Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton.
+
+ABIDER
+A*bid"er, n.
+
+1. One who abides, or continues. [Obs.] "Speedy goers and strong
+abiders." Sidney.
+
+2. One who dwells; a resident. Speed.
+
+ABIDING
+A*bid"ing, a.
+
+Defn: Continuing; lasting.
+
+ABIDINGLY
+A*bid"ing*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: Permanently. Carlyle.
+
+ABIES
+A"bi*es, n. Etym: [L., fir tree.] (Bot.)
+
+Defn: A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam
+fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to
+this genus.
+
+ABIETENE
+Ab"i*e*tene, n. Etym: [L. abies, abietis, a fir tree.]
+
+Defn: A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut
+pine (Pinus sabiniana) of California.
+
+ABIETIC
+Ab`i*et"ic, a.
+
+Defn: Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic
+acid, called also sylvic acid. Watts.
+
+ABIETIN; ABIETINE
+Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine, n. Etym: [See Abietene.] (Chem.)
+
+Defn: A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam.
+It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in
+alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and
+in ether. Watts.
+
+ABIETINIC
+Ab`i*e*tin"ic, a.
+
+Defn: Of or pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic acid.
+
+ABIETITE
+Ab"i*e*tite, n. (Chem.)
+
+Defn: A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the
+common silver fir of Europe (Abies pectinata). Eng. Cyc.
+
+ABIGAIL
+Ab"i*gail, n. Etym: [The proper name used as an appellative.]
+
+Defn: A lady's waiting-maid. Pepys.
+Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls
+for sleeping in. Leslie.
+
+ABILIMENT
+A*bil"i*ment, n.
+
+Defn: Habiliment. [Obs.]
+
+ABILITY
+A*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Abilities(#). Etym: [F. habileté, earlier
+spelling habilité (with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude, ability,
+fr. habilis apt. See Able.]
+
+Defn: The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether
+physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity;
+skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill,
+resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty, talent.
+Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to
+send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29.
+Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by
+study. Bacon.
+The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability.
+Macaulay.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency;
+aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity.
+These words come into comparison when applied to the higher
+intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of
+our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that
+ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training.
+Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an
+argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always
+something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has
+reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it
+supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect,
+with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge.
+Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power.
+Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord
+Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "Capacity," says H. Taylor,
+"is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise."
+The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and
+denotes high mental endowments.
+
+ABIME; ABYME
+A*bime" or A*byme", n. Etym: [F. abîme. See Abysm.]
+
+Defn: A abyss. [Obs.]
+
+ABIOGENESIS
+Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless
+matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living
+parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also abiogeny, and opposed
+to biogenesis.
+I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by
+not living matter, the hypothesis of abiogenesis. Huxley, 1870.
+
+ABIOGENETIC
+Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: Of or pertaining to abiogenesis. Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
+
+ABIOGENIST
+Ab`i*og"e*nist, n. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: One who believes that life can be produced independently of
+antecedent. Huxley.
+
+ABIOGENOUS
+Ab`i*og"e*nous, a. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: Produced by spontaneous generation.
+
+ABIOGENY
+Ab`i*og"e*ny, n. (Biol.)
+
+Defn: Same as Abiogenesis.
+
+ABIOLOGICAL
+Ab`i*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. biological.]
+
+Defn: Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.
+
+ABIRRITANT
+Ab*ir"ri*tant, n. (Med.)
+
+Defn: A medicine that diminishes irritation.
+
+ABIRRITATE
+Ab*ir"ri*tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + irritate.] (Med.)
+
+Defn: To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.
+
+ABIRRITATION
+Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion, n. (Med.)
+
+Defn: A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation;
+debility; want of strength; asthenia.
+
+ABIRRITATIVE
+Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive, a. (Med.)
+
+Defn: Characterized by abirritation or debility.
+
+ABIT
+A*bit",
+
+Defn: 3d sing. pres. of Abide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
+
+ABJECT
+Ab"ject, a. Etym: [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab +
+jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
+
+1. Cast down; low-lying. [Obs.]
+From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot
+wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the
+flood. Milton.
+
+2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded;
+servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune,
+thoughts. "Base and abject flatterers." Addison. "An abject liar."
+Macaulay.
+And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak.
+
+Syn.
+ -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble;
+worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.
+
+ABJECT
+Ab*ject", v. t. Etym: [From Abject, a.]
+
+Defn: To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to
+debase. [Obs.] Donne.
+
+ABJECT
+Ab"ject, n.
+
+Defn: A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a
+castaway. [Obs.]
+Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of
+pleasure I. Taylor.
+
+ABJECTEDNESS
+Ab*ject"ed*ness, n.
+
+Defn: A very abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.] Boyle.
+
+ABJECTION
+Ab*jec"tion, n. Etym: [F. abjection, L. abjectio.]
+
+1. The act of bringing down or humbling. "The abjection of the king
+and his realm." Joe.
+
+2. The state of being rejected or cast out. [R.]
+An adjection from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and
+saints, dwell forever. Jer. Taylor.
+
+3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement;
+degradation.
+That this should be termed baseness, abjection of mind, or servility,
+is it credible Hooker.
+
+ABJECTLY
+Ab"ject*ly, adv.
+
+Defn: Meanly; servilely.
+
+ABJECTNESS
+Ab"ject*ness, n.
+
+Defn: The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
+Grew.
+
+ABJUDGE
+Ab*judge", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + judge, v. Cf. Abjudicate.]
+
+Defn: To take away by judicial decision. [R.]
+
+ABJUDICATE
+Ab*ju"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab +
+judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.]
+
+Defn: To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] Ash.
+
+ABJUDICATION
+Ab*ju`di*ca"tion, n.
+
+Defn: Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] Knowles.
+
+ABJUGATE
+Ab"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]
+
+Defn: To unyoke. [Obs.] Bailey.
+
+ABJUNCTIVE
+Ab*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab +
+jungere to join.]
+
+Defn: Exceptional. [R.]
+It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to
+the universal. I. Taylor.
+
+ABJURATION
+Ab`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]
+
+1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; as,
+abjuration of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave
+the country and never to return.
+
+2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an abjuration of heresy.
+Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the right of the present royal
+family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to
+the descendants of the Pretender. Brande & C.
+
+ABJURATORY
+Ab*ju"ra*to*ry, a.
+
+Defn: Containing abjuration.
+
+ABJURE
+Ab*jure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring.]
+Etym: [L. abjurare to deny upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
+juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See Jury.]
+
+1. To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure
+allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon
+it forever.
+
+2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon
+forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors. "Magic I here
+abjure." Shak.
+
+Syn.
+ -- See Renounce.
+
+ABJURE
+Ab*jure", v. i.
+
+Defn: To renounce on oath. Bp. Burnet.
+
+ABJUREMENT
+Ab*jure"ment, n.
+
+Defn: Renunciation. [R.]
+
+ABJURER
+Ab*jur"er, n.
+
+Defn: One who abjures.
+
+ABLACTATE
+Ab*lac"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab +
+lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.]
+
+Defn: To wean. [R.] Bailey.
+
+ABLACTATION
+Ab`lac*ta"tion. n.
+
+1. The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from
+their dam. Blount.
+
+2. (Hort.)
+
+Defn: The process of grafting now called inarching, or grafting by
+approach.
+
+ABLAQUEATE
+Ab*la"que*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr.
+ab + laqueus a noose.]
+
+Defn: To lay bare, as the roots of a tree. [Obs.] Bailey.
+
+ABLAQUEATION
+Ab*la`que*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablaqueatio.]
+
+Defn: The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose
+them to the air and water. [Obs.] Evelyn.
+
+ZYMOTIC
+Zy*mot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.
+
+1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.
+
+2. (Med.)
+
+Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. See
+Zymotic disease, below. Zymotic disease (Med.), any epidemic,
+endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some
+morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.
+
+ZYTHEM
+Zy"them, n.
+
+Defn: See Zythum.
+
+ZYTHEPSARY
+Zy*thep"sa*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.
+
+Defn: A brewery. [R.]
+
+ZYTHUM
+Zy"thumn. Etym: [L.fr. Gr.
+
+Defn: A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and
+wheat. [Written also zythem.]