web-page-parser 1.1.0 → 1.2.2
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- checksums.yaml +5 -5
- checksums.yaml.gz.sig +0 -0
- data.tar.gz.sig +0 -0
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/bbc_news_page_parser.rb +56 -3
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/guardian_page_parser.rb +33 -3
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/independent_page_parser.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/new_york_times_page_parser.rb +8 -3
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/rt_page_parser.rb +49 -0
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/the_intercept_page_parser.rb +6 -1
- data/lib/web-page-parser/parsers/washingtonpost_page_parser.rb +38 -2
- data/spec/fixtures/bbc_news/31014941.html +1123 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/bbc_news/32271505.html +1168 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/bbc_news/32275608.html +1142 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/guardian/duplicate-headline.html +2735 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/guardian/julian-assange-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-interview.html +1752 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/guardian/university-extremist-speakers.html +1590 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/independent/boris-johnson.html +1086 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/independent/lord-burns.html +726 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/new_york_times/show-banned-french-comedian-has-new-one-2018.html +305 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/new_york_times/trump-kim-policy.html +305 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/rt/338045.html +682 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/rt/338237.html +682 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/theintercept/pentagon-missionary.html +211 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/washingtonpost/israeli-ambassador.html +747 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/washingtonpost/sgt-bowe-bergdahls-capture-remains-amystery-2018.html +381 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/washingtonpost/trump-kim-summit.html +379 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/washingtonpost/will-a-bust-follow-the-boom-in-britain-2018.html +386 -0
- data/spec/parsers/bbc_news_page_spec.rb +132 -11
- data/spec/parsers/guardian_page_spec.rb +100 -0
- data/spec/parsers/independent_page_parser_spec.rb +52 -0
- data/spec/parsers/new_york_times_page_parser_spec.rb +75 -10
- data/spec/parsers/rt_page_parser_spec.rb +87 -0
- data/spec/parsers/the_intercept_page_parser_spec.rb +30 -0
- data/spec/parsers/washingtonpost_page_parser_spec.rb +93 -1
- data/spec/web-page-parser +1 -0
- metadata +98 -56
- metadata.gz.sig +0 -0
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html id="js-context" class="js-off is-not-modern id--signed-out" lang="en-GB" data-page-path="/uk-news/2015/mar/20/theresa-may-drops-rules-ordering-universities-ban-extremist-speakers">
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<title>Theresa May drops rules on ordering universities to ban extremist speakers | UK news | The Guardian</title>
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<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"/>
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://assets.guim.co.uk/"/>
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<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/20/theresa-may-drops-rules-ordering-universities-ban-extremist-speakers"/>
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<meta name="application-name" content="The Guardian"/>
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<meta name="author" content="Alan Travis"/>
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<meta name="description" content="Home secretary also now likely to shelve publication of official counter-extremism strategy until after the general election"/>
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<meta name="news_keywords" content="UK security and counter-terrorism,UK news,Politics,Theresa May,House of Lords,Liberal Democrats,Higher education,Education,General election 2015"/>
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<meta property="og:url" content="http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/20/theresa-may-drops-rules-ordering-universities-ban-extremist-speakers"/>
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<meta property="article:author" content="http://www.theguardian.com/profile/alantravis"/>
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<meta property="og:description" content="Home secretary also now likely to shelve publication of official counter-extremism strategy until after the general election"/>
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<meta property="og:image" content="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/20/1426872648851/f205cb42-8838-4d35-8e2b-dec27ed4576d-2060x1236.jpeg"/>
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<meta property="article:section" content="UK news"/>
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<meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-03-20T17:38:30.000Z"/>
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<meta property="og:title" content="Theresa May drops rules on ordering universities to ban extremist speakers"/>
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<meta property="article:tag" content="UK security and counter-terrorism,UK news,Politics,Theresa May,House of Lords,Liberal Democrats,Higher education,Education,General election 2015"/>
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="the Guardian"/>
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<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2015-03-20T17:38:42.251Z"/>
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@guardian"/>
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<meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Guardian"/>
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<meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.guardian"/>
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<meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="guardian://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/20/theresa-may-drops-rules-ordering-universities-ban-extremist-speakers"/>
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="LR-FN6c2gIEUoo3k049w1nxyHykmac5ZE3SaUOiKc30"/>
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<style class="js-loggable">
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body:after{content:'mobile';border:0 !important;clip:rect(0 0 0 0) !important;height:0.0625rem !important;margin:-0.0625rem !important;overflow:hidden !important;padding:0 !important;position:absolute !important;width:0.0625rem !important}@media all and (min-width: 30em){body:after{content:'mobileLandscape'}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){body:after{content:'tablet'}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){body:after{content:'desktop'}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){body:after{content:'leftCol'}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){body:after{content:'wide'}}
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@media all and (max-width: 81.24em){.hide-until-wide{display:none !important}}
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140
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+
.is-hidden,[hidden]{display:none !important}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.mobile-only{display:none !important}}
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141
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+
@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.desktop-only{display:none !important}}
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142
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+
.hide-on-mobile{display:none !important}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.hide-on-mobile{display:block !important}}
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143
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+
.hide-on-mobile-inline{display:none !important}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.hide-on-mobile-inline{display:inline !important}}
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144
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+
@media all and (max-width: 19.99em){.tablet-only{display:none !important}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.tablet-only{display:none !important}}
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145
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+
@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 61.24em){.hide-on-tablet{display:none !important}}
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146
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+
@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.hide-on-desktop{display:none !important}}
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147
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+
.u-cf:after,.u-cf:before{content:'';display:table}.u-cf:after{clear:both}.skip:focus,.skip:active{font-size:80%;display:block;color:#00456e;text-decoration:none;position:static !important;width:100% !important;height:1.125rem !important;text-align:center}.u-responsive-ratio{width:100%;padding-bottom:60%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.u-responsive-ratio img,.u-responsive-ratio object,.u-responsive-ratio embed,.u-responsive-ratio iframe,.u-responsive-ratio svg,.u-responsive-ratio video{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.u-responsive-ratio--hd{padding-bottom:56.25%}.u-responsive-ratio--letterbox{padding-bottom:40%}.u-text-hyphenate{word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}.u-button-reset{display:block;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;width:100%;background:transparent}.u-button-reset:focus{outline:0}.u-underline,.tonal--tone-media .tonal__main--tone-media .from-content-api a,.tonal--tone-podcast .tonal__main--tone-podcast .from-content-api a{text-decoration:none !important;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #dcdcdc;-webkit-transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out;-moz-transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out;transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out}.u-underline:hover,.u-underline:focus,.tonal--tone-media .tonal__main--tone-media .from-content-api a:hover,.tonal--tone-podcast .tonal__main--tone-podcast .from-content-api a:hover,.tonal--tone-media .tonal__main--tone-media .from-content-api a:focus,.tonal--tone-podcast .tonal__main--tone-podcast .from-content-api a:focus{border-color:#6e99b2}.u-underline:active,.tonal--tone-media .tonal__main--tone-media .from-content-api a:active,.tonal--tone-podcast .tonal__main--tone-podcast .from-content-api a:active{border-color:#4bc6df}.u-nobr{white-space:nowrap}.flushp{padding:0 !important}.flushp--top{padding-top:0 !important}.meta-button{background:transparent;border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.u-faux-block-link{position:relative}.u-faux-block-link a,.u-faux-block-link abbr[title],.u-faux-block-link__promote{position:relative;z-index:1}.u-faux-block-link__overlay{top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;overflow:hidden;text-indent:200%;white-space:nowrap;background:transparent}a.u-faux-block-link__overlay{position:absolute;z-index:0;opacity:0}.u-faux-block-link--hover .u-faux-block-link__cta{text-decoration:underline}dt{font-weight:bold}menu,ol,ul{padding:0;margin-left:1.5625rem}nav ul,nav ol{list-style:none;list-style-image:none}.inline-list__item{display:inline-block}.inline-icon{fill:#ffffff}.inline-icon svg{overflow:visible}.inline-icon__fallback{display:none}.inline-tone-fill{fill:#005689}.tonal--tone-comment .inline-tone-fill{fill:#e6711b}.tonal--tone-feature .inline-tone-fill{fill:#951c55}.tonal--tone-review .inline-tone-fill{fill:#7d7569}.tonal--tone-editorial .inline-tone-fill{fill:#005689}.tonal--tone-analysis .inline-tone-fill{fill:#4bc6df}.tonal--tone-live .inline-tone-fill,.tonal--tone-dead .inline-tone-fill{fill:#b51800}.tonal--tone-media .inline-tone-fill{fill:#fb0}.tonal--tone-special-report .inline-tone-fill{fill:#63717a}.no-svg .inline-icon{display:none !important}.no-svg .inline-icon__fallback{display:initial}.gs-container{position:relative;margin:0 auto}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.gs-container{max-width:46.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.gs-container{max-width:61.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.gs-container{max-width:71.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.gs-container{max-width:81.25rem}}
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148
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.l-header{position:relative;background:#005689}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-page-skin .l-header .gs-container{width:61.25rem}}
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149
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+
.l-header--is-slim{background:#00507f}.l-header--is-slim .l-header__inner:after,.l-header--is-slim .l-header__inner:before{content:'';display:table}.l-header--is-slim .l-header__inner:after{clear:both}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-header--is-slim .l-header__inner{background:#005689}}
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150
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+
.logo-wrapper{position:relative;float:right;margin:0.1875rem 0.625rem 0.75rem 0}.logo-wrapper svg{width:10rem;height:1.875rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.logo-wrapper{margin-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.logo-wrapper{margin-top:0.375rem;margin-bottom:0.375rem}.logo-wrapper svg{width:20rem;height:3.75rem}}.l-header--is-slim .logo-wrapper{margin-top:0.5625rem;margin-bottom:0;float:left}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.l-header--is-slim .logo-wrapper{margin-right:0.625rem}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.l-header--is-slim .logo-wrapper{margin-top:0.6225rem}.l-header--is-slim .logo-wrapper svg{width:8.375rem;height:1.5703125rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-header--is-slim .logo-wrapper svg{width:10rem;height:1.875rem}}.logo-wrapper .inline-logo{display:block}.logo-wrapper .logo__tagline{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;position:absolute;top:2.9375rem;left:7.625rem;color:#aad8f1;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap}.no-svg .logo-wrapper .inline-logo{width:10rem;height:1.875rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.no-svg .logo-wrapper .inline-logo{width:20rem;height:3.75rem}}
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151
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+
.l-header-pre,.l-header--is-slim .l-header-pre{float:left}.l-header-pre{min-width:8.75rem;z-index:100;position:relative}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-header-pre{float:none}}
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152
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+
.l-header-main{position:relative;z-index:2}.l-header--is-slim .l-header-main{float:right}.monocolumn-wrapper{padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.monocolumn-wrapper{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.monocolumn-wrapper{max-width:38.75rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.monocolumn-wrapper .page-header{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.monocolumn-wrapper--no-limit-desktop{max-width:none}}.component{margin-bottom:1.25rem}.component--rhc{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.component--rhc{display:block;margin-top:2.25rem}}.component--rhc:first-child{margin-top:0}.component--rhc:last-child{margin-bottom:2.25rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.gs-container{max-width:46.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.gs-container{max-width:61.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.gs-container{max-width:71.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.gs-container{max-width:81.25rem}}
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153
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+
.img--inline{float:left;clear:left;width:7.125rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.img--inline{width:8.75rem}}.img--inline figcaption{padding-top:0.25rem;word-wrap:break-word}.loading,.preload-msg{padding:3.125rem 3.125rem 15.625rem;text-align:center}.loading .loading__link,.loading .accessible-link,.preload-msg .loading__link,.preload-msg .accessible-link{display:inline-block;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif}.loading .loading__animation,.preload-msg .is-updating{display:block;margin:0.625rem auto}.l-side-margins{position:relative;height:100%}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-side-margins:after,.l-side-margins:before{content:'';position:absolute;z-index:1;background:rgba(51,51,51,0.05);top:0;height:100%;width:0}.l-side-margins:before{left:0}.l-side-margins:after{right:0}.l-side-margins:before,.l-side-margins:after{width:-webkit-calc((100% - 46.25rem) / 2);width:calc((100% - 46.25rem) / 2)}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.l-side-margins:before,.l-side-margins:after{width:-webkit-calc((100% - 61.25rem) / 2);width:calc((100% - 61.25rem) / 2)}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.l-side-margins:before,.l-side-margins:after{width:-webkit-calc((100% - 71.25rem) / 2);width:calc((100% - 71.25rem) / 2)}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.l-side-margins:before,.l-side-margins:after{width:-webkit-calc((100% - 81.25rem) / 2);width:calc((100% - 81.25rem) / 2)}.has-page-skin .l-side-margins{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:61.25rem}.has-page-skin .l-side-margins:before,.has-page-skin .l-side-margins:after{display:none}}
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154
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+
@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.l-side-margins--media:after,.l-side-margins--media:before{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.container__banding+.container__banding .l-side-margins--media:after,.container__banding+.container__banding .l-side-margins--media:before{background:rgba(51,51,51,0.15)}}
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155
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+
@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.has-flex .l-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-moz-box-direction:normal;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-align-content:stretch;-ms-flex-line-pack:stretch;align-content:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-moz-box-align:stretch;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.has-flex .l-row--reverse{-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.has-flex .l-row__item{-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-moz-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-flex-basis:0;-moz-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;width:0}.has-flex .l-row__item--boost-1{-webkit-box-flex:1.5;-webkit-flex-grow:1.5;-moz-flex-grow:1.5;-ms-flex-positive:1.5;flex-grow:1.5}.has-flex .l-row__item--boost-2{-webkit-box-flex:2;-webkit-flex-grow:2;-moz-flex-grow:2;-ms-flex-positive:2;flex-grow:2}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.has-flex .l-row--layout-m{display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.has-flex .l-row--layout-m .l-row__item{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;flex-basis:50%}.has-flex .l-row--layout-m .l-row__item--break-m{-webkit-flex:1 100%;flex:1 100%}}
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156
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+
.has-no-flex .l-row{width:58.75rem;zoom:1}.has-no-flex .l-row:after,.has-no-flex .l-row:before{content:"";display:table}.has-no-flex .l-row:after{clear:both}.has-no-flex .l-row__item{float:left}.has-no-flex .l-row--items-2 .l-row__item{width:29.375rem}.has-no-flex .l-row--items-3 .l-row__item{width:19.583333125rem}.has-no-flex .l-row--items-4 .l-row__item{width:14.6875rem}.l-columns{margin-left:-0.625rem;margin-right:-0.625rem;zoom:1}.l-columns:after,.l-columns:before{content:'';display:table}.l-columns:after{clear:both}.l-columns__item{position:relative;display:block;margin-left:0.625rem;margin-right:0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-columns__item{float:left}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.l-columns__item{width:21.25rem}.l-columns__item:nth-child(n){clear:none}.l-columns__item:nth-child(2n+1){clear:both}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.l-columns__item{width:18.75rem}.l-columns__item:nth-child(n){clear:none}.l-columns__item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both}}
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157
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+
.popup{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;left:0;background:#f6f6f6;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0.0625rem 0.0625rem 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);-moz-box-shadow:0 0.0625rem 0.0625rem 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:0 0.0625rem 0.0625rem 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);min-width:8.75rem;top:2.6875rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.popup{right:auto;bottom:auto;top:2.8125rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--has-control .popup{left:2.875rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right .popup{left:auto;right:0}}
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158
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+
.popup__group{z-index:3;margin:0;padding:0 0.625rem}.popup__group-header{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;color:#767676;padding:0.375rem 0.625rem;border-top:0.0625rem solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.popup__group-header:first-of-type{border-top:0}.has-popup{cursor:default;position:relative}.popup-container{position:relative;z-index:11}.popup__toggle:after{content:'';display:inline-block;pointer-events:none;width:0;height:0;border-bottom:0;margin-top:0.125rem;margin-bottom:0.125rem;margin-left:0.25rem;border-left:0.25rem solid transparent;border-right:0.25rem solid transparent;border-top:0.25rem solid #f6f6f6}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.popup__toggle.is-active:after,.is-active>.popup__toggle:after{border-top:0;border-bottom:0.25rem solid #f6f6f6}}.popup__toggle.is-active:before,.is-active>.popup__toggle:before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;border-top:0;position:absolute;left:50%;border-left:0.375rem solid transparent;border-right:0.375rem solid transparent;border-bottom:0.375rem solid #f6f6f6;top:2.4375rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--has-control .popup__toggle.is-active:before,.brand-bar__item--has-control .is-active>.popup__toggle:before{margin-left:1.0625rem}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.brand-bar__item--search .popup__toggle.is-active:before,.brand-bar__item--search .is-active>.popup__toggle:before{margin-left:-0.375rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right .popup__toggle.is-active:before,.brand-bar__item--right .is-active>.popup__toggle:before{margin-left:-0.75rem}}.popup__toggle.is-active:before,.l-header--is-slim .popup__toggle.is-active:before,.is-active>.popup__toggle:before,.l-header--is-slim .is-active>.popup__toggle:before{margin-left:-0.375rem}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.l-header .popup__toggle:after{display:none}}
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159
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+
.l-header--is-slim.l-header .popup__toggle:after{display:none}.popup__item{display:block;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #dfdfdf;line-height:2.25rem}.popup__item:last-child{border-bottom:0}.popup__item,.popup__action{text-align:left}.popup .brand-bar__item--action,.popup .brand-bar__item--action:hover{display:block;white-space:nowrap;color:#333;line-height:2.25rem}.popup .brand-bar__item--inline-action{display:inline-block !important;margin-right:0.3125rem}.brand-bar__item--profile:not(.is-signed-in) .popup__toggle:before,.brand-bar__item--profile:not(.is-signed-in) .popup__toggle:after{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.brand-bar__item--profile .popup{left:2.875rem}}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.brand-bar__item--profile .brand-bar__item--action:before{margin-left:1.0625rem}}
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160
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+
.popup--search{z-index:10;padding:0;right:0;padding-top:0.3125rem;min-height:3.1875rem;top:2.25rem 0.25rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.popup--search{top:2.8125rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.popup--search{right:auto;min-height:auto;width:40rem;min-height:68px;left:0.625rem;padding:1.25rem;padding-top:1.5625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.popup--search{left:50%;margin-left:-35rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.popup--search{margin-left:-40rem}}.popup--search .search-box{margin-bottom:-0.0625rem}.nav{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0.5rem 0 0.25rem}.nav .nav__item--full{width:100%;margin:0}.nav>li,.nav>li>a{display:inline-block;zoom:1}.nav--columns{padding:0 0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.nav--columns{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}.nav--columns>.nav__item{float:left;width:50%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0.625rem}.nav--columns>.nav__item:nth-child(odd){clear:left}.nav--columns>.nav__item:nth-child(even){padding-right:0;padding-left:0.625rem}.nav--columns .nav__link{display:block;padding:0.1875rem 0 1rem;border-top:0.0625rem solid #f0f0f0;height:auto;background-color:transparent;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900;-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;text-decoration:none}.nav--columns .nav__link:link,.nav--columns .nav__link:visited{color:#333}.nav--columns .nav__link:hover,.nav--columns .nav__link:focus{color:#94b1ca}.nav--columns-football{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem}.nav .nav__item .nav__link--faded:link,.nav .nav__item .nav__link--faded:visited{color:#767676}.nav .nav__item .nav__link--faded:hover,.nav .nav__item .nav__link--faded:focus{color:#94b1ca}.nav--columns-football,.nav--no-horizontal-spacing{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.nav--guardian-services .nav__link{position:relative;top:-0.0625rem}}.brand-bar{background-color:#005689;line-height:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:0.3125rem;padding-right:0.3125rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.brand-bar{padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:0.625rem}}
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161
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+
.brand-bar__item{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:bold;float:left;color:#fff;height:2.25rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem}.brand-bar__item,.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item{margin-right:0.1875rem;margin-left:0.1875rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.brand-bar__item{padding-top:0.375rem;padding-bottom:0.375rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item{margin-right:0.625rem;margin-left:0.625rem}}
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162
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+
.brand-bar__item--action:active .control__icon-wrapper,.brand-bar__item--action:focus .control__icon-wrapper,.brand-bar__item--action.is-active .control__icon-wrapper{border-color:#ffffff}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--action:hover .control__icon-wrapper{border-color:#ffffff}}
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163
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+
.brand-bar__item--action,.brand-bar__item--action:focus{margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;line-height:2.25rem}.brand-bar__item--action:focus,.brand-bar__item--action:focus .control__info,.brand-bar__item--action:active,.brand-bar__item--action:active .control__info{text-decoration:underline}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--action:hover,.brand-bar__item--action:hover .control__info{text-decoration:underline}}
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164
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+
.brand-bar__item--right{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;float:left}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right{float:right}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right{float:left}}
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165
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+
.brand-bar__item--search{padding-left:0}.brand-bar__item--search .popup__toggle:after{display:none}@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.brand-bar__item--subscribe{display:none}}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--subscribe{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--edition{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__item--jobs,.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--us-edition .brand-bar__item--jobs{display:none}@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.brand-bar__item--soulmates{display:none}}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__item--soulmates{display:none}.brand-bar__item--edition{cursor:pointer}.brand-bar__item--subscribe .control__icon-wrapper{border:0}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.brand-bar__item--jobs,.brand-bar__item--edition{display:none}}
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166
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+
@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right--us-edition .brand-bar__item--more,.brand-bar__item--right--au-edition .brand-bar__item--more{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--us-edition .brand-bar__item--more,.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--au-edition .brand-bar__item--more{display:block}}
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167
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+
@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.brand-bar__item--right--au-edition .brand-bar__item--masterclasses{display:none}}
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168
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--jobs,.brand-bar__item--right--us-edition .brand-bar__popup--jobs{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--jobs,.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--us-edition .brand-bar__popup--jobs{display:block}}
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--edition{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--edition{display:block}}
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@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--soulmates{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--soulmates{display:block}}
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@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--membership{display:none}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right--uk-edition .brand-bar__popup--membership{display:block}}
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.control__info{display:none;height:1.875rem;line-height:2.25rem;margin-left:0.625rem;max-width:8.75rem;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;float:left;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-align:left}@media all and (min-width: 33.75em){.control__info{max-width:12.5rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right .control__info{margin:0}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.control__info{display:block}}.l-header--is-slim .control__info{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.brand-bar__item--profile .control__info{display:block}}
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.control__icon-wrapper{border:0.0625rem solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);float:left;height:2.125rem;width:2.125rem;text-align:center;line-height:3}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.brand-bar__item--right .control__icon-wrapper{display:none}}.l-header--is-slim .brand-bar__item--right .control__icon-wrapper{display:block}.ad-slot{z-index:1000;overflow:hidden}.js-off .ad-slot{display:none}.js-off .ad-slot.ad-slot--force-display{display:block}.ad-slot--dark{background-color:#393939}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--mobile{display:none}}
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@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.ad-slot--not-mobile{display:none}}
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.ad-slot__label{height:1.5rem;background-color:#f6f6f6;margin:0 auto;padding:0 0.5rem;border-top:0.0625rem solid #dfdfdf;color:#6e6e6e;text-align:right;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.25rem}.ad-slot--dark .ad-slot__label{color:#bdbdbd;border-top-color:#767676;background-color:transparent}.top-banner-ad-container--mobile{background-color:#f0f0f0}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop{background-color:#f6f6f6;border-bottom:0.125rem solid #dcdcdc;display:none}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop.top-banner-ad-container--below-nav{border-bottom-width:0.0625rem}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop.top-banner-ad-container--below-nav .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{width:60.625rem;padding-left:0}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop.top-banner-ad-container--below-nav .ad-slot__label{width:60.625rem}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot__label{width:45.5rem;text-align:left;border-top:0;padding:0;height:1.125rem}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot__label{margin:0}}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop iframe{-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0);-webkit-transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985);-moz-transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985);transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985)}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.js-on .top-banner-ad-container--above-nav{display:block}}
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@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.js-on .top-banner-ad-container--below-nav{display:block}}
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.ad-slot--top-banner-ad{text-align:center}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.ad-slot--top-banner-ad{width:63.75rem;padding-left:15rem}}.top-banner-ad-container--mobile .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{height:3.125rem;padding:0.75rem 0}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.top-banner-ad-container--mobile .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{display:none}}.top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{margin:0 auto;display:none;min-height:6.75rem;padding-bottom:1.125rem}.ad-below-nav .top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{min-height:0;padding-bottom:0}.ad-below-nav .top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot--top-banner-ad>div:last-of-type{margin-bottom:1.125rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.js-on .top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{display:block}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.top-banner-ad-container--desktop .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{text-align:left}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-page-skin .ad-slot--top-banner-ad{width:auto !important;padding-left:0 !important;text-align:center}.has-page-skin .ad-slot--top-banner-ad .ad-slot__label{margin:0 auto}}
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.ad-slot--top>div>div{margin:0 auto}.ad-slot--inline,.ad-slot--container-inline,.ad-slot--gallery-inline,.ad-slot--liveblog-inline{width:18.75rem;margin:0.75rem auto;min-height:4.625rem;text-align:center}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.ad-slot--inline,.ad-slot--container-inline,.ad-slot--gallery-inline,.ad-slot--liveblog-inline{width:20rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--inline,.ad-slot--container-inline,.ad-slot--gallery-inline,.ad-slot--liveblog-inline{height:17.125rem;width:auto}}.ad-slot--inline .ad-slot__label,.ad-slot--container-inline .ad-slot__label,.ad-slot--gallery-inline .ad-slot__label,.ad-slot--liveblog-inline .ad-slot__label{background-color:transparent}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.ad-slot--gallery-inline{width:18.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--gallery-inline{width:auto}}
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.ad-slot--inline,.ad-slot--container-inline{background-color:#f6f6f6}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--inline,.ad-slot--container-inline{width:18.75rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--inline{float:right;margin-top:0.25rem;margin-left:1.25rem}}
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.ad-slot--container-inline .ad-slot__content{margin:auto}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--container-inline{position:relative;height:auto;margin:0 0.625rem;width:21.25rem}.linkslist-container .ad-slot--container-inline{position:absolute;top:0;right:0}.ad-slot--container-inline .ad-slot__label{padding:0 1.25rem}.ad-slot--container-inline .ad-slot__content{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;top:1.5rem;height:15.625rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--gallery-inline,.ad-slot--liveblog-inline{padding-bottom:1.5rem}.ad-slot--gallery-inline>div:not(.ad-slot__label),.ad-slot--liveblog-inline>div:not(.ad-slot__label){width:18.75rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}
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.ad-slot--liveblog-inline{background-color:#eaeaea}.ad-slot--liveblog-inline .ad-slot__label{color:#767676;border-top-color:#bdbdbd}.ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad{display:none;width:18.75rem;min-height:17.125rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad{display:block}}
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.ad-slot--sponsored{min-height:15.625rem;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#f6f6f6;overflow:hidden;border-top:0.0625rem solid #dfdfdf;padding-top:0.375rem}.ad-slot--sponsored__article{text-align:left;display:block;position:relative;min-height:5.25rem;padding:0 0.625rem 0.375rem 10rem;margin-bottom:0.375rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #dfdfdf}.ad-slot--sponsored__image{position:absolute;top:0;left:0.625rem}.ad-slot--sponsored__article,.ad-slot--sponsored__label,.ad-slot--sponsored__help{color:#767676}.ad-slot--sponsored__article{font-family:"Guardian Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}.ad-slot--sponsored__label,.ad-slot--sponsored__help{float:left;clear:left;padding-left:0.625rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif}.ad-slot--sponsored__label{margin-bottom:0.25rem}.ad-slot--sponsored__link{float:right}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-page-skin .ad-slot--commercial-component,.has-page-skin .ad-slot--commercial-component-high{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:61.25rem}}
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.ad-slot--paid-for-badge{padding:0.125rem 0 0.75rem}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge iframe{display:none}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__inner{overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container--no-byline .ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__inner{padding-top:0.25rem}}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__header,.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__help{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;color:#767676}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__help{font-size:0.6875rem;line-height:0.875rem}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__header{margin:0;padding-top:0.375rem;font-weight:bold;clear:left}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__header:first-child{padding-top:0}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link,.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__logo{display:block}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link,.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__help{float:left;clear:left}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{margin-top:0.5625rem}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__help{margin-top:0.25rem}.ad-slot--adbadge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__header,.ad-slot--adbadge .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__help{color:#6e6e6e}.ad-slot--im{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:50%;float:left}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.ad-slot--im{max-width:15rem}}
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.ad-slot--fobadge.ad-slot--im{min-width:10rem}.ad-slot--fobadge.ad-slot--im .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__inner{padding:0.375rem 0 0.75rem;border-top:0.0625rem solid #bdbdbd;border-bottom:0.0625rem dotted #bdbdbd}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article{padding-bottom:1.5rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article{min-height:0;border-bottom-width:0;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}}@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article{padding-bottom:0.375rem}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{margin-top:0.375rem}}@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__logo{max-height:3.75rem}}.content--media--video .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--article{min-height:0}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--interactive{width:8.75rem;min-height:8.4375rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--interactive{float:right;border-top-width:0}}
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.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{min-height:5.625rem;z-index:auto}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front:after,.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front:before{content:'';display:table}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front:after{clear:both}.index-page .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{min-height:0}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{padding-left:0.625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.fc-container--has-toggle .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{margin-right:3.75rem}}.commercial--dfp-single .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{margin:0}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{position:relative}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link:after{display:block;height:0;width:10rem;content:'';border-bottom:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;margin-top:0.3125rem}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link:after{width:8.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link:after{width:13.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{margin-top:0}}@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__logo{max-height:3.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{clear:left;width:8.75rem;padding:0;margin:0;float:left;min-height:0;margin-top:0.25rem;padding-top:0.125rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}.commercial-dfp-multi .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{position:absolute;bottom:1.25rem}.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{float:none;margin-top:0.5625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{float:right;clear:right;width:10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{width:13.75rem}.has-page-skin .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{margin-left:50%;width:auto;float:none;margin-top:-2.25rem}.has-page-skin .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__link{float:right}.has-page-skin .fc-container--has-toggle .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{margin-right:3.75rem}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{clear:both;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}.fc-container--tag .ad-slot--paid-for-badge--front{width:8.75rem}}
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.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body{margin-top:6.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body{margin-top:4.875rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container:first-child .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--sponsored .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--advertisement-feature .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body,.fc-container--foundation-supported .fc-container__header+.fc-container__body{margin-top:0}}
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.ad-slot--page-skin{height:0}@media all and (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 81.24em){.has-page-skin{background-image:none !important}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.ad--responsive{height:6.75rem;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0);-webkit-transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985);-moz-transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985);transition:height 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 0.985)}.ad--responsive.ad--responsive--open{height:15.625rem}}
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.media,.media__body{overflow:hidden}.media__img{float:left;margin-right:0.9375rem}.media__img img{display:block}.media__container--hidden{display:none !important}.media__placeholder--active{display:block;position:relative}.media__container--active{display:block}.media__placeholder--hidden{display:none !important}.page-header{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:normal;padding:0 0 1rem;margin:0 0.625rem 0.25rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem dotted #dcdcdc}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.page-header{margin-left:1.25rem;margin-right:1.25rem}}
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.page-sub-header{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900;padding:0.125rem 0 0.25rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem}.no-indent-article__zone .page-sub-header,.monocolumn-wrapper .page-sub-header,.fc-container__inner .page-sub-header{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.page-sub-header>a{display:block}.message{padding:0.6875rem;background-color:#ffffee}.is-modern .has-localnav h2.article__zone:only-child,.is-modern .has-localnav .hide-on-mobile-if-localnav{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.is-modern .has-localnav h2.article__zone:only-child,.is-modern .has-localnav .hide-on-mobile-if-localnav{display:block}}
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.navigation{position:relative;overflow:hidden;clear:both;background:#e5e5e5;height:2.25rem}.navigation:before,.navigation:after{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:2.25rem}.navigation:before{background:#00507f;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #ebebeb;-moz-background-clip:padding-box;-webkit-background-clip:padding-box;background-clip:padding-box}.l-header--is-slim .navigation:before{display:none}.navigation:after{top:auto;bottom:0;z-index:-1}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation:after{display:none}.top-navigation,.local-navigation,.global-navigation,.signposting{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:2.25rem;font-weight:500;-webkit-font-feature-settings:"kern" 1}.top-navigation a,.top-navigation a:active,.top-navigation a:focus,.local-navigation a,.local-navigation a:active,.local-navigation a:focus,.global-navigation a,.global-navigation a:active,.global-navigation a:focus,.signposting a,.signposting a:active,.signposting a:focus{text-decoration:none}.top-navigation a:hover,.local-navigation a:hover,.global-navigation a:hover,.signposting a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.top-navigation{position:relative;background:#00456e}.navigation__container--first{background:#00456e;min-height:2.25rem}.navigation__expandable{background:#333;overflow:hidden}.signposting,.local-navigation,.top-navigation,.global-navigation,.global-navigation__children{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.signposting{position:relative;background:#dfdfdf;border-right:0.0625rem solid #ebebeb;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:1.25rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.signposting{padding-left:0.625rem}}@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.navigation-container--expanded .navigation--has-local-navigation .signposting{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #ebebeb}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.signposting{border-right-width:0}.navigation--has-local-navigation .signposting{border-right-width:0.0625rem}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.navigation-container--expanded .signposting{border-right:0}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.navigation-container--expanded .signposting{min-width:10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.navigation-container--expanded .signposting{min-width:15rem}}
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.signposting__item{white-space:nowrap;display:table-cell;position:relative;padding-left:0.625rem}.signposting__action{color:#005689;text-decoration:none;display:table-cell}.signposting__separator{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;line-height:1}.signposting__separator__inner{font-weight:200;color:#005689;font-size:1.6875rem;line-height:2.25rem;padding-right:0.625rem}.local-navigation{background:#dfdfdf}.signposting__action,.local-navigation__action,.top-navigation__action,.global-navigation__action{position:relative}.signposting__action:after,.local-navigation__action:after,.top-navigation__action:after,.global-navigation__action:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;right:-0.3125rem;left:-0.3125rem}.local-navigation__action,.top-navigation__action{color:#333}.top-navigation__action{color:#fff;display:block}.global-navigation__action{color:#333;display:block}.local-navigation__item,.top-navigation__item,.global-navigation__item{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap}.top-navigation__item--current{margin-right:0.625rem}.local-navigation__item,.top-navigation__item{display:table-cell;position:relative;padding-right:0.625rem;padding-left:0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em) and (max-width: 71.24em){.local-navigation__item,.top-navigation__item{padding-right:0.4375rem;padding-left:0.4375rem}.local-navigation__item:first-child,.top-navigation__item:first-child{padding-left:0.625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-page-skin .local-navigation__item,.has-page-skin .top-navigation__item{padding-right:0.4375rem;padding-left:0.4375rem}.has-page-skin .local-navigation__item:first-child,.has-page-skin .top-navigation__item:first-child{padding-left:0.625rem}}
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.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation--has-signposting .local-navigation,.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation--has-signposting .top-navigation{padding-left:0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.navigation-container--collapsed .local-navigation,.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation{padding-left:0.625rem}}.top-navigation__item--home{min-width:0.9375rem}.navigation--has-signposting .top-navigation__item--home{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.top-navigation__item--home{display:table-cell}}
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.top-navigation__icon-wrapper{position:relative;display:inline-block;top:0.1875rem}.top-navigation__icon{display:inline-block;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}.top-navigation__icon--home{width:0.9375rem;height:1.125rem;background-image:url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAASCAQAAAAul0yEAAAAO0lEQVQoz9XPsQ0AIAwDwYzuzZ8iQjIQUiLh9r5xhA0BinqInDqsggX34EAPSpzBFTOg3Su2o3+wGtYAGI94niPCbrMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=")}@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.3), (min-resolution: 124.8dpi), (min-resolution: 1.3dppx){.top-navigation__icon--home{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNSAxOCI+PHBhdGggZD0ibTggMC0xIDAtNyA3IDAgMTAgMSAxIDQgMCAwLTcgNSAwIDAgNyA0IDAgMS0xIDAtMTB6IiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmIiAvPjwvc3ZnPg==")}}
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.global-navigation{background:#dfdfdf;clear:both}.global-navigation:after,.global-navigation:before{content:'';display:table}.global-navigation:after{clear:both}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation{line-height:1.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}
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.global-navigation__section{display:block;clear:both;margin-right:0;overflow:hidden;position:relative;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0.0625rem #ebebeb;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0.0625rem #ebebeb;box-shadow:inset 0 0.0625rem #ebebeb;background:#dfdfdf;min-height:2.25rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__section{margin-right:-1.25rem;margin-left:-1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.global-navigation__section{padding-left:10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.global-navigation__section{padding-left:15rem}}
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.global-navigation__title{color:#fff;background:#00456e;float:left;border-top:0.0625rem solid #005689}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__title{line-height:1.5rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:0.625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__title{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.global-navigation__title{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;background:#00456e;width:10rem;padding-left:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.global-navigation__title{width:15rem}}.global-navigation__title.global-navigation__title--history{color:#333;background:#bdbdbd;border:0;padding-bottom:0}.global-navigation__children{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:2.25rem;padding-top:0.1875rem;overflow:hidden}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__children{margin-left:-0.625rem;margin-right:-0.625rem;padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:0.625rem;padding-bottom:0.5625rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2}}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__children{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.global-navigation__children{padding-bottom:0.1875rem;padding-left:0.625rem}}.global-navigation__children.global-navigation__children--history{background:#bdbdbd}.global-navigation__children.global-navigation__children--history .button--tag{margin-top:0.375rem;margin-left:0.3125rem;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0}.global-navigation__children.global-navigation__children--history .button--tag:hover{text-decoration:none}@media all and (max-width: 29.99em){.global-navigation__children.global-navigation__children--history{margin-left:0;padding-top:0;padding-left:0.416666875rem}}
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@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.global-navigation__title,.global-navigation__children{float:none;display:block}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.global-navigation__action{float:left;line-height:1.875rem;margin-left:0.625rem;margin-right:0.625rem;white-space:nowrap}}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation-container--collapsed__hide{display:none !important}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation__container{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation__scroll{overflow-x:scroll;white-space:nowrap}}.l-header--is-slim .navigation-container--collapsed .navigation__scroll{display:none}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation__scroll::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation__expandable{display:none}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation,.navigation-container--collapsed .signposting,.navigation-container--collapsed .local-navigation{height:2.25rem}.l-header--is-slim .navigation-container--collapsed .navigation,.l-header--is-slim .navigation-container--collapsed .signposting,.l-header--is-slim .navigation-container--collapsed .local-navigation{height:auto}.navigation-container--collapsed .signposting,.navigation-container--collapsed .local-navigation{display:table-cell}.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation{overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}}.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation__item:last-child{padding-right:4rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation__item:last-child{padding-right:12.875rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.navigation-container--collapsed .top-navigation__item:last-child{padding-right:0}}
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.navigation-container--expanded .navigation{z-index:2;height:auto}.navigation-container--expanded .top-navigation{display:none}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation{overflow:hidden;background:#dfdfdf}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation{padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:0.625rem}}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75rem}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item:last-child{padding-bottom:0.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item{float:left}}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__action{display:block;float:left}@media all and (max-width: 46.24em){.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item,.global-navigation__child{float:left;width:50%;padding-right:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:0.625rem;padding-right:10px}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item:nth-child(2n+1),.global-navigation__child:nth-child(2n+1){clear:both}}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item,.global-navigation__child{width:33.3333333333%}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item:nth-child(n),.global-navigation__child:nth-child(n){clear:none}.navigation-container--expanded .local-navigation__item:nth-child(3n+1),.global-navigation__child:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both}}
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@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.navigation--has-signposting .navigation__inner:before{content:'';position:absolute;display:block;left:0;right:0;top:2.25rem;height:0.0625rem;background:#ebebeb;z-index:1}.navigation-container--collapsed .navigation--has-signposting{height:4.5rem}.navigation-container--expanded .navigation--has-signposting .top-navigation__item{visibility:hidden}.navigation--has-signposting .top-navigation{margin-left:0 !important}.navigation--has-signposting .top-navigation__item{display:table-cell}.navigation--has-signposting .signposting,.navigation--has-signposting .local-navigation{vertical-align:top;display:table-cell;height:2.25rem}.navigation--has-signposting .local-navigation{width:100%}.navigation--has-signposting .local-navigation__action{display:block;line-height:2.25rem}.navigation--has-signposting .navigation__container{display:table !important;width:100%}.navigation--has-signposting .navigation__container--first{background:#dfdfdf;border-top:2.25rem solid #00456e}.l-header--is-slim .navigation--has-signposting .navigation__container--first{border-top:0}.navigation--has-signposting .navigation__container--second{position:absolute;top:0}}.navigation .global-navigation__section--home,.navigation .top-navigation__item--current,.navigation .global-navigation--top .global-navigation__section--current{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.navigation .top-navigation__item--current{display:table-cell}}
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.navigation-toggle{z-index:2;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900;line-height:2.25rem;padding:0 0.625rem;background:#333;-moz-background-clip:padding-box;-webkit-background-clip:padding-box;background-clip:padding-box;text-align:left;border-left:0.125rem solid rgba(0,0,0,0.33333);outline:none;min-width:2.75rem}.l-header--is-slim .navigation-toggle{min-width:0}.l-header--is-slim .navigation-toggle{float:left;line-height:3rem;position:static;border-left:0}.navigation-toggle,.navigation-toggle:hover,.navigation-toggle:focus,.navigation-toggle:active{color:#fff}.navigation-toggle:focus{background:#434343}.navigation-container--expanded .navigation-toggle{border-left-color:transparent}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.navigation-toggle{border-left:0}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.navigation-toggle{min-width:8.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.navigation-toggle{min-width:11.625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.has-page-skin .navigation-toggle{min-width:2.75rem}}
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.navigation-toggle-label__extra{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.navigation-toggle-label__extra{display:inline}}@media all and (max-width: 81.24em){.navigation-toggle-label__extra.navigation-toggle-label__extra--browse{display:none}}.l-header--is-slim .navigation-toggle-label__extra{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-page-skin .navigation-toggle-label__extra{display:none}}
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.navigation-toggle-label--close,.navigation-container--expanded .navigation-toggle-label--open{display:none}.navigation-container--expanded .navigation-toggle-label--close{display:inline}@media all and (max-width: 29.99em){.l-header--is-slim .navigation-toggle-label{display:none}}
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.burger-icon,.burger-icon:before,.burger-icon:after{width:100%;height:0.125rem;background-color:#eaeaea}.burger-icon{width:1rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin:0.8125rem 0.375rem 0 0;position:relative}@media all and (max-width: 29.99em){.l-header--is-slim .burger-icon{margin-right:0}}.burger-icon:before,.burger-icon:after{content:'';position:absolute}.burger-icon:before{top:0.25rem}.burger-icon:after{top:0.5rem}.navigation-container--expanded .burger-icon{height:0}.navigation-container--expanded .burger-icon:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);-o-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);top:0.25rem}.navigation-container--expanded .burger-icon:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0.1875rem, -0.1875rem);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0.1875rem, -0.1875rem);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0.1875rem, -0.1875rem);-o-transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0.1875rem, -0.1875rem);transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(0.1875rem, -0.1875rem);top:0.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.burger-icon,.burger-icon:before,.burger-icon:after{transition:opacity .1s, transform .1s ease-in}}.l-header--is-slim .burger-icon{margin-top:1.125rem}.popup.popup--signed-out{left:0 !important;width:13.75rem;padding:0.416666875rem 1.25rem 0.416666875rem 0.416666875rem;color:#333;line-height:1.4}.popup.popup--signed-out:before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;border-top:0;position:absolute;left:30%;margin-left:-0.625rem;border-left:0.625rem solid transparent;border-right:0.625rem solid transparent;border-bottom:0.625rem solid #f6f6f6;top:-0.625rem}.popup--signed-out__link{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}.popup--signed-out__highlight{color:#005689;text-decoration:underline}.popup__toggle-icon{position:absolute;top:0.416666875rem;right:0.416666875rem;z-index:10;fill:#767676}.popup__toggle-icon svg{width:0.75rem;height:0.75rem}.rounded-icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;-webkit-border-radius:62.5rem;border-radius:62.5rem}.linkslist-container{position:relative;margin:0 !important}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.linkslist-container{margin-top:0.5625rem}}.linkslist-container.tone-feature:before{background:#fdadba}.linkslist-container.tone-comment:before{background:#ff9b0b}.linkslist-container.tone-media:before{background:#fb0}.linkslist-container.show-more--hidden,.linkslist-container.show-more--hidden:before{display:none}.linkslist{margin-top:0;width:100%}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em){.linkslist .fc-slice__item{width:50%}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+1){clear:both}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+1):before{border:0}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+1):nth-last-child(-n+4),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+2):nth-last-child(-n+3){padding-bottom:0}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+1):nth-last-child(-n+2),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(2n+2):last-child{padding-top:0.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.linkslist .fc-slice__item{width:33.33333%}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+1):before{border:0}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+1):nth-last-child(-n+6),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+2):nth-last-child(-n+5),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+3):nth-last-child(-n+4){padding-bottom:0}.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+1):nth-last-child(-n+3),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+2):nth-last-child(-n+2),.linkslist .fc-slice__item:nth-child(3n+3):last-child{padding-top:0.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.has-flex-wrap .linkslist .fc-slice__item{-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-moz-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-moz-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.has-flex-wrap .linkslist .fc-slice__item{-webkit-flex-basis:33.33333%;-moz-flex-basis:33.33333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:33.33333%;flex-basis:33.33333%}}.linkslist .item--has-cutout{padding-bottom:1.875rem}.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin-left:0.625rem;margin-right:0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{margin-left:1.25rem;margin-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 41.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:38.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{width:43.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{width:58.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{width:68.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.fc-container__inner,.facia-container__inner,.fc-container__pagination,.index-page-header{width:78.75rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.fc-container__inner--full-span,.facia-container__inner--full-span{width:46.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.fc-container__inner--full-span,.facia-container__inner--full-span{width:61.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.fc-container__inner--full-span,.facia-container__inner--full-span{width:71.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.fc-container__inner--full-span,.facia-container__inner--full-span{width:81.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.fc-container__inner--full-span,.facia-container__inner--full-span{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}
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.js-on .js-hidden,.js-off .js-visible,.is-modern .modern-hidden,.is-not-modern .modern-visible{display:none}.is-off{display:none}.current{font-weight:bold}.is-on{display:block}.has-cursor{cursor:pointer}.maxed{width:100%}.shut>.panel{overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-height:0;padding-top:0}.update{float:right}.is-updating{display:none;width:2.5rem;height:1.25rem;background-size:100%;margin-top:1.125rem}.is-updating.is-active{display:inline-block}.is-updating--dark{width:2.25rem;height:0.75rem}.is-live-icon{padding:0.0625rem 0.25rem 0.125rem;margin:0.0625rem 0.1875rem 0 0;font-size:0.625rem;font-style:normal;line-height:1;color:#ffffff;background-color:#ec1c1c;display:inline-block}.id--signed-out .sign-in-required{display:none}.i-play-icon-gold{background-position:-0 -0;width:0.625rem;height:0.5625rem}.i-play-icon-grey{background-position:-0.6875rem -0;width:0.625rem;height:0.5625rem}.i-arrow-grey-large{background-position:-1.375rem -0;width:1.5rem;height:0.625rem}.i-clock-grey{background-position:-2.9375rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-clock-light-blue{background-position:-3.6875rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-clock-light-grey{background-position:-4.4375rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-clock-light-pink{background-position:-5.1875rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-clock-white{background-position:-5.9375rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-clock-yellow{background-position:-6.6875rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-profile-small{background-position:-7.4375rem -0;width:0.6875rem;height:0.6875rem}.i-image{background-position:-8.1875rem -0;width:1rem;height:0.75rem}.i-share-android--white{background-position:-9.25rem -0;width:0.75rem;height:0.75rem}.i-share-android{background-position:-10.0625rem -0;width:0.75rem;height:0.75rem}.i-card-red{background-position:-10.875rem -0;width:0.5625rem;height:0.75rem}.i-card-yellow{background-position:-11.5rem -0;width:0.5625rem;height:0.75rem}.i-arrow-left-grey{background-position:-12.125rem -0;width:0.375rem;height:0.75rem}.i-arrow-right-grey{background-position:-12.5625rem -0;width:0.375rem;height:0.75rem}.i-camera-black-large{background-position:-13rem -0;width:1.125rem;height:0.8125rem}.i-camera-white-large{background-position:-14.1875rem -0;width:1.125rem;height:0.8125rem}.i-camera-yellow-large{background-position:-15.375rem -0;width:1.125rem;height:0.8125rem}.i-arrow-up-grey{background-position:-16.5625rem -0;width:0.9375rem;height:0.875rem}.i-arrow-up-white{background-position:-17.5625rem -0;width:0.9375rem;height:0.875rem}.i-download-black{background-position:-18.5625rem -0;width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem}.i-download-white{background-position:-19.5rem -0;width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem}.i-rss-black{background-position:-20.4375rem -0;width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem}.i-rss-white{background-position:-21.375rem 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.content__dateline-wpd--modified{color:#005689;cursor:pointer}.content__dateline-wpd--modified:hover,.content__dateline-wpd--modified:active,.content__dateline-wpd--modified:focus{text-decoration:underline}.content__dateline-lm{padding-top:0.1875rem}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__dateline-lm{padding-top:0.125rem}}
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.content__meta-container .byline-img{position:relative;width:3.75rem;height:3.75rem;margin:0.375rem 0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-border-radius:62.5rem;border-radius:62.5rem;background-color:#f1f1f1;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);-webkit-mask-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAA5JREFUeNpiYGBgAAgwAAAEAAGbA+oJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container .byline-img{width:8.75rem;height:8.75rem;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0.75rem}}
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.content__meta-container .byline-img__img{position:absolute;width:auto;height:110%;bottom:-0.375rem;left:-624.9375rem;right:-624.9375rem;margin:auto}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container .byline-img__img{bottom:-0.875rem}}
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.content__meta-container{min-height:2.25rem;position:relative;margin-bottom:0.75rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;border-bottom:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container{position:absolute;top:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;margin-left:-10rem;margin-bottom:1rem;width:8.75rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.content__meta-container{margin-left:-15rem;width:13.75rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container--float{float:left;position:static}}
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@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container.content__meta-container--showcase{float:left;position:static}}
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.content__mobile-full-width{margin-left:-0.625rem;margin-right:-0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 46.24em){.content__mobile-full-width{margin-left:-1.25rem;margin-right:-1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.content__mobile-full-width{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}
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.meta__comment-count--top{display:none;float:right;margin-top:0.375rem;margin-left:0.3125rem}.byline{margin-bottom:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:bold;padding-top:0.25rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#767676}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.byline{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.byline{clear:both;padding-top:0.125rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-bottom:0.75rem;min-height:3rem}}.content__meta-container--twitter .byline,.content__meta-container--bio .byline{min-height:0;padding-bottom:0}.drop-cap{float:left;display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:normal;font-weight:200;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;height:3rem;padding-top:0.0625rem;margin-right:0.25rem}.drop-cap .drop-cap__inner{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;font-size:3.25rem;line-height:2.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.drop-cap--wide{float:left;display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:normal;font-weight:200;margin-right:0.3125rem;height:4.5rem}.drop-cap--wide .drop-cap__inner{font-size:5.25rem;line-height:4.25rem}}
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.commentcount{display:none;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif}.commentcount i{vertical-align:bottom;margin-right:0.1875rem;vertical-align:-4px}.content__head__comment-count .commentcount{display:block;margin-bottom:0.75rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.commentcount{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0.5rem}.content__head .commentcount{display:none}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.commentcount{height:2.25rem;position:static;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.content__head__comment-count .commentcount{display:none}.content__meta-container .commentcount{display:block;padding-top:0.25rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}}
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.content--advertisement-feature.content--article,.content--advertisement-feature.content--interactive{background-color:#f6f6f6}.content--advertisement-feature .content__standfirst,.content--advertisement-feature .content__dateline,.content--advertisement-feature .caption--main,.content--advertisement-feature .ad-slot--paid-for-badge__header{color:#6e6e6e}.content--advertisement-feature .content__headline,.content--advertisement-feature .content__standfirst{font-family:"Guardian Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif}.content--advertisement-feature .from-content-api{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.meta__body{clear:left}}
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.content__meta-heading{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:1rem;margin-bottom:0;border-top:0.0625rem solid #dcdcdc}.meta__extras{position:relative;clear:both}.meta__social{border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;padding:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.meta__twitter,.meta__email{margin:-0.5rem 0.3125rem -0.125rem 0;display:inline}@media all and (max-width: 71.24em){.content__meta-container--tonal-header .meta__twitter,.content__meta-container--tonal-header .meta__email{margin-top:-0.25rem}}.meta__twitter svg,.meta__email svg{margin-top:-0.125rem;overflow:visible}.meta__twitter .button,.meta__email .button{padding-top:0.0625rem;margin-right:0}.tonal--tone-media .meta__twitter .button,.tonal--tone-media .meta__email .button{border:0;background-color:#484848}.tonal--tone-media .meta__twitter .button:hover,.tonal--tone-media .meta__email .button:hover{background-color:#767676}@media all and (max-width: 71.24em){.meta__twitter .button,.meta__email .button{padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;margin-right:0;background-color:transparent !important}.meta__twitter .button .inline-mail svg,.meta__email .button .inline-mail svg{margin-top:0.1875rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (max-width: 81.24em){.meta__twitter .button,.meta__email .button{max-width:8.75rem}}.meta__twitter .contact,.meta__email .contact{height:1.3125rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.meta__twitter .contact,.meta__email .contact{margin-top:-0.0625rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.meta__twitter,.meta__email{margin-top:0.625rem;margin-bottom:1.125rem;display:block}}
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@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.content__meta-container--email.content__meta-container--twitter .meta__email{margin-top:0.375rem}.content__meta-container--email.content__meta-container--twitter .meta__twitter{margin-bottom:0}}.meta__bio{margin-bottom:0.75rem;padding-top:0.375rem;color:#767676;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:normal}@media all and (max-width: 71.24em){.meta__bio{display:none}}.tonal--tone-media .meta__bio{color:#f1f1f1}.meta__author--comment .meta__bio{padding-top:0.125rem;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf}.content__meta-container--twitter .meta__bio,.content__meta-container--email .meta__bio{margin-bottom:0}.content__meta-container--tonal-header .meta__bio{border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;padding-top:0.125rem}.meta__contact-header{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;line-height:0.9375rem;color:#767676;margin-bottom:0;border-top:0.0625rem dotted #dfdfdf;padding-top:0.125rem}.content__meta-container--bio .meta__contact-header{margin-top:0.75rem}.related .button--show-more{display:none}.content--article .social--top,.content--liveblog .social--top,.content--gallery .social--top,.content--media .social--top,.content--image .social--top,.content--interactive .social--top{padding-top:0.375rem;padding-bottom:0.375rem}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column--media{width:43.75rem}}
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.content__main-column--audio{min-height:11.5625rem}.content__main-column--audio .from-content-api{max-width:38.75rem}.content--media .byline{word-break:break-word}.media-body{position:relative}.breadcrumb{text-transform:lowercase}.social{overflow-y:hidden;height:2rem}.social__item{float:left;min-width:2.25rem;padding:0 0.1875rem 0.375rem 0}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.social__item{min-width:2rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.social__item--whatsapp{display:none}}
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.social__action{display:inline-block}.social-icon{border:0;min-width:2rem;max-width:100%;width:auto;height:2rem;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.social-icon,.social-icon:hover,.social-icon:active,.social-icon:focus{color:#ffffff;text-decoration:none}.svg .social-icon i{width:100%;height:100%;vertical-align:middle;background-size:88%;background-position:center}.social-icon .social-icon__label{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;margin:0 .8em 0 -.5em}.social-icon--small{min-width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.social-icon--small i{width:1.5rem;background-size:100% !important}.social-icon--small .social-icon__label{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;margin:0 .7em 0 -.3em}.social-icon__label{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.social-icon--facebook{background-color:#3067a3}.social-icon--facebook:hover{background-color:#244e7c}.social-icon--gplus{background-color:#e15440}.social-icon--gplus:hover{background-color:#ce3620}.content--media .social-icon--gplus{display:block}.social-icon--whatsapp{background-color:#59cb3f}.social-icon--whatsapp:hover{background-color:#45a92e}.social-icon--twitter{background-color:#03b3ee}.social-icon--twitter:hover{background-color:#028dbc}.social-icon--linkedin{background-color:#0071a1}.social-icon--linkedin:hover{background-color:#004d6e}.social-icon--pinterest{background-color:#b9252c}.social-icon--pinterest .i{background-size:49% !important;background-position:45% center !important}.social-icon--pinterest:hover{background-color:#8f1d22}.social-icon--email{background-color:#767676}.social-icon--email:hover{background-color:#5d5d5d}.selection-sharing{position:absolute;top:0;padding-top:0.25rem;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.15s ease;-moz-transition:opacity 0.15s ease;transition:opacity 0.15s ease}.selection-sharing .social__item{padding:0 0.125rem;width:2rem}.selection-sharing.selection-sharing--active{visibility:visible;opacity:1}.social-fixed{height:2.5rem;position:fixed;left:0;bottom:-2.5rem;width:100%;opacity:0;z-index:10;-webkit-transition:bottom 0.4s ease;-moz-transition:bottom 0.4s ease;transition:bottom 0.4s ease}.social-fixed__item{color:#ffffff;float:left;border-radius:1.25rem}.social-fixed__item .i{height:2.5rem;width:2.5rem;float:left;margin:0 -0.625rem 0 -0.75rem !important}.social-fixed__item--facebook{background-color:#3067a3;margin:0 0.3125rem 0 0.625rem !important}.social-fixed__item--twitter{background-color:#03b3ee}.social-fixed--show{bottom:0.375rem;opacity:1}.share-text{float:left;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-weight:700;padding:0.5rem 0.125rem 0 0.625rem}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){figure.element.element--supporting{position:relative;float:left;width:18.75rem;margin-top:0.375rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-right:1.25rem}figure.element.element--supporting.img--landscape{margin-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--supporting{margin-left:-10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.element.element--supporting{margin-left:-15rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.element.element--supporting{width:23.75rem}}
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figure.element.element--thumbnail{float:left;clear:left;margin-bottom:0;width:7.5rem;margin-right:1.25rem;margin-top:0.375rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){figure.element.element--thumbnail{width:8.75rem}figure.element.element--thumbnail.img--landscape{margin-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--thumbnail{position:relative}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--thumbnail{margin-left:-10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.element.element--thumbnail{margin-left:-15rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.element.element--thumbnail{margin-left:-10rem}}
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@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--showcase{position:relative;margin-bottom:1rem;clear:both}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--showcase{margin-left:-10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em) and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.element.element--showcase{margin-left:-15rem}}
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figure.element.element--supporting figcaption,figure.element-video figcaption{padding-top:0.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--supporting figcaption,figure.element-video figcaption{padding-left:0;top:100%}}
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@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.element.element--showcase figcaption{padding-left:0;top:100%}}
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figure.element.element--supporting.element-tweet{margin-top:-0.375rem}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){figure.img--supporting{float:left;width:23.75rem;margin-top:0.375rem;margin-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){figure.img--supporting{width:28.75rem}}
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.media-primary--full-width{width:100%;margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.media-primary.media-primary--showcase{margin-left:-10rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.media-primary.media-primary--showcase{margin-left:-15rem}}
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.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;z-index:2;position:relative}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase{margin:0 auto;max-width:71.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 81.25em){.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase{max-width:81.25rem}}.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase .responsive-img{height:auto}@media all and (min-width: 61.25em){.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase .responsive-img{top:-25%}}.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase .caption--main{padding-left:0}.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase .u-responsive-ratio--letterbox{-webkit-transition:padding-bottom 1s;-moz-transition:padding-bottom 1s;transition:padding-bottom 1s}@media all and (max-width: 61.24em){.has-feature-showcase-picture .media-primary.media-primary--showcase .u-responsive-ratio--letterbox{padding-bottom:60%}}
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.gu-image{width:100%}.from-content-api{word-wrap:break-word;position:relative}.from-content-api>p,.from-content-api ul,.from-content-api ol,.from-content-api address,.from-content-api .block-elements>p,.from-content-api .block-elements ul,.from-content-api .block-elements ol,.from-content-api .block-elements address{margin:0 0 0.75rem;padding:0}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api>p,.from-content-api ul,.from-content-api ol,.from-content-api address,.from-content-api .block-elements>p,.from-content-api .block-elements ul,.from-content-api .block-elements ol,.from-content-api .block-elements address{margin-bottom:1rem}}.from-content-api>ol,.from-content-api>blockquote>ul,.from-content-api>ul,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol,.from-content-api .block-elements>blockquote>ul,.from-content-api .block-elements>ul{margin-top:.8em}.from-content-api>li,.from-content-api>ol,.from-content-api>blockquote>ul,.from-content-api>ul,.from-content-api .block-elements>li,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol,.from-content-api .block-elements>blockquote>ul,.from-content-api .block-elements>ul{list-style:none}.from-content-api>ol,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol{counter-reset:li}.from-content-api>ol>li:before,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol>li:before{content:counter(li) ".";counter-increment:li;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900;margin-right:0.25rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api>ol>li:before,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol>li:before{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.from-content-api>ol>li,.from-content-api>ul>li,.from-content-api .block-elements>ol>li,.from-content-api .block-elements>ul>li{position:relative;margin-bottom:.8em}.from-content-api h2,.from-content-api .block-elements h2{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web","Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:900}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api h2,.from-content-api .block-elements h2{margin-bottom:0.0625rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.from-content-api h3,.from-content-api .block-elements h3{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-weight:bold}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api h3,.from-content-api .block-elements h3{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.from-content-api>p+h2,.from-content-api>figure+h2,.from-content-api>video+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>p+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>figure+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>video+h2{margin-top:1.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api>p+h2,.from-content-api>figure+h2,.from-content-api>video+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>p+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>figure+h2,.from-content-api .block-elements>video+h2{margin-top:1.6875rem}}.from-content-api>p+h3,.from-content-api>figure+h3,.from-content-api>video+h3,.from-content-api .block-elements>p+h3,.from-content-api .block-elements>figure+h3,.from-content-api .block-elements>video+h3{margin-top:0.75rem}.from-content-api blockquote{font-style:italic;margin:1rem 0 1.75rem 1.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 46.25em){.from-content-api blockquote{margin-left:1.75rem}}.from-content-api blockquote.quoted{color:#767676;margin-left:initial;margin-left:unset}.from-content-api pre{word-wrap:normal}.bullet{font-size:0.00625rem;line-height:0.00625rem;color:transparent}.bullet:before{display:inline-block;content:'';-webkit-border-radius:0.375rem;border-radius:0.375rem;height:0.75rem;width:0.75rem;margin-right:0.125rem;background-color:#bdbdbd}.from-content-api ul>li:before,.content__standfirst ul>li:before{display:inline-block;content:'';-webkit-border-radius:0.375rem;border-radius:0.375rem;height:0.75rem;width:0.75rem;margin-right:0.25rem;background-color:#bdbdbd}.from-content-api ul>li>p:first-child,.content__standfirst ul>li>p:first-child{display:inline}.caption{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;color:#767676}@media all and (min-width: 71.25em){.caption--img{padding-bottom:1.5rem}}
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.caption--main{padding:0.5rem 0.625rem 1.5rem}@media all and (min-width: 30em){.caption--main{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}}@media all and (min-width: 41.25em){.caption--main{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}
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Theresa May, the home secretary will make a speech on Monday outlining the challenges involved in tackling extremist values in society. Photograph: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images
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<a rel="author" class="tone-colour" itemprop="url name" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="http://www.theguardian.com/profile/alantravis">Alan Travis</a></span> Home affairs editor</p>
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Friday 20 March 2015 <span class="content__dateline-time">17.38 GMT</span>
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<p>The home secretary, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/theresamay" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag" class=" u-underline">Theresa May</a>, has been forced to drop new statutory rules under which ministers could order universities and colleges to ban external extremist speakers.</p>
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<p>It is also now likely that the publication of a long-awaited official counter-extremism strategy will be shelved until after the general election as a result of what is said to have been the last remaining big row within the coalition.</p>
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<p>May has been forced to abandon her plan to issue ministerial directions backed by the threat of contempt of court proceedings against universities who fail to comply with the new policy in the face of strong opposition from the <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/liberaldemocrats" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag" class=" u-underline">Liberal Democrats</a> and the House of Lords.</p>
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<p>The original Home Office guidelines stipulated that universities should introduce stringent checks on all visiting speakers who are invited to address students on campus, and required student unions to give university authorities at least 14 days’ notice to allow for background checks and cancellation of the event, if necessary. These guidelines are now understood to have been completely dropped.</p>
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<p>Senior Tory peers, including Lord Lamont and Lord Deben, also voiced their strong opposition describing it as a major attack on freedom of speech.<br/></p>
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<p>A report reviewing the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in Britain has also been shelved until after the election. The failure to publish a new counter-extremism strategy brings to an end one of the most fraught areas of coalition policy which even led last year to May openly clashing with her Tory cabinet colleague, Michael Gove.</p>
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<p>The home secretary is to make a wide-ranging speech on Monday outlining the challenges involved in tackling extremist values in society in the broadest sense, including issues such as female genital mutilation and women not being allowed to go out to work.</p>
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<p>David Cameron said earlier this week that it was clear that “further, more comprehensive measures will be required in the next parliament to tackle the threat from extremism in the UK, and to support communities to challenge those who oppose British values”.</p>
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<p>May is also expected to renew pledges she made at the party conference in October that the Conservative manifesto will include banning orders for extremist groups and “extremism disruption orders” for extremists who spread hate but do not break any laws. The latter, which sought to deny their access to the airwaves revived memories of Margaret Thatcher’s broadcasting ban on Gerry Adams and Sinn Féin.</p>
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<p>Both proposals were blocked by the Lib Dems last autumn after it became clear May wanted to target the “full spectrum of extremism”, including possibly environmental activists, and not just the “hard end” that had previously been the focus of counter-terrorism policy.</p>
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<p>The prime minister repeatedly promised to ban groups such as Hizb-ut-Tahrir over the last five years but the Home Office has ruled each time that they fail to pass the legal and evidential tests to be a proscribed organisation under current legislation.</p>
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<p>Home Office ministers will ask MPs and peers to use the last remaining days of this parliament next week to vote through secondary legislation implementing a new duty on all parts of the public sector, including prisons, schools and local authorities to “prevent people from being drawn into terrorism”.</p>
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<p>The statutory guidance under the new Counter-Terrorism and Security Act requires frontline staff, including in universities and schools, to undergo counter-terrorism awareness training and to engage with the Prevent programme. They also make clear they will be under a legal duty to tackle not only potentially violent extremism but also non-violent extremist groups who may be perfectly legal.</p>
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<p>“Being drawn into terrorism includes not just violent extremism but also non-violent extremism, which can create an atmosphere conducive to terrorism and can popularise views which terrorists exploit,” says the official guidance.</p>
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<p>The Home Office says the new statutory guidance is needed to ensure that all local authorities and public bodies co-operate with the government’s counter-terrorism Prevent programme. </p>
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<p>The new Prevent guidance, which was published 10 days ago, included a promise that “there will be further guidance issued on the management of external speakers and events, including on the interaction of the Prevent duty with universities’ existing duties to secure freedom of speech and have regard to the importance of academic freedom.”</p>
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<p>A Home Office impact statement earlier this month acknowledged that there was a “risk that parts of the policy may be perceived to restrict the freedom of speech, and that legislating will give greater prominence to criticism that the programme is there to spy on individuals, or that it targets Muslims”.<br/></p>
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<p>But it said this risk was outweighed by the danger that without the new statutory duty there could be “missed opportunities to identify and prevent radicalisation and consequently put the UK at a higher risk of terrorism”.</p>
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<p>May has said: “Tackling the radicalisation of young people is not and cannot ever be the sole responsibility of the government and law enforcement agencies. The new Prevent duty means universities will have a legal obligation to play their part, and I hope they do as fully as possible.”</p>
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<div style="display:inline;">
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1576
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+
<img height="1" width="1" style="border-style:none;" alt="" src="//googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/971225648/?value=0&guid=ON&script=0"/>
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1577
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+
</div>
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1578
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+
</noscript>
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1579
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+
<img src="//beacon.guim.co.uk/count/pv.gif" alt="" style="display : none ;" rel="nofollow"/>
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1580
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+
<script>(function(isVeryModern){function insertUserName(){function getCookieValue(a){var d=[],e=document.cookie.split(";");a=RegExp("^\\s*"+a+"=\\s*(.*?)\\s*$");for(var b=0;b<e.length;b++){var f=e[b].match(a);f&&d.push(f[1]);}
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1581
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+
if(d.length>0){return d[0];}
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1582
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+
return null;}
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1583
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+
function decodeBase64(str){return decodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(atob(str.replace(/-/g,'+').replace(/_/g,'/').replace(/,/g,'='))));}
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1584
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+
function getUserDisplayNameFromCookie(){var cookieData=getCookieValue('GU_U');var userData=cookieData?JSON.parse(decodeBase64(cookieData.split('.')[0])):null;if(userData){return userData[2];}
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1585
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+
return null;}
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1586
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+
var userDisplayName=getUserDisplayNameFromCookie();if(userDisplayName){document.getElementsByClassName('js-profile-info')[0].innerHTML=userDisplayName;document.getElementsByClassName('js-profile-nav')[0].classList.add('is-signed-in');}}
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1587
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+
insertUserName();})(guardian.isModernBrowser&&'atob'in window&&'classList'in document.documentElement);</script>
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1588
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+
<div id="dfp-ad--pageskin-inread" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--dfp ad-slot--pageskin-inread ad-slot--page-skin" data-link-name="ad slot pageskin-inread" data-test-id="ad-slot-pageskin-inread" data-name="pageskin-inread" data-label="false" data-refresh="false" data-out-of-page="true" data-wide="1,1"> </div>
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1589
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+
</body>
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1590
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+
</html>
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