vulcan 0.0.1 → 0.0.2

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+source 'http://rubygems.org'
+
+gem 'json',      '~> 1.4', :require => nil
+gem 'json_pure', '~> 1.4', :require => nil
+gem 'yajl-ruby', '~> 0.7', :require => nil
+
+gemspec

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 Michael Bleigh, Josh Kalderimis, Erik Michaels-Ober, and Intridea, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+MultiJSON
+=========
+
+Lots of Ruby libraries utilize JSON parsing in some form, and everyone has
+their favorite JSON library. In order to best support multiple JSON parsers and
+libraries, <tt>multi_json</tt> is a general-purpose swappable JSON backend
+library. You use it like so:
+
+    require 'multi_json'
+
+    MultiJson.engine = :yajl
+    MultiJson.decode('{"abc":"def"}') # decoded using Yajl
+
+    MultiJson.engine = :json_gem
+    MultiJson.engine = MultiJson::Engines::JsonGem # equivalent to previous line
+    MultiJson.encode({:abc => 'def'}) # encoded using the JSON gem
+
+The <tt>engine</tt> setter takes either a symbol or a class (to allow for
+custom JSON parsers) that responds to both <tt>.decode</tt> and
+<tt>.encode</tt> at the class level.
+
+MultiJSON tries to have intelligent defaulting. That is, if you have any of the
+supported engines already loaded, it will utilize them before attempting to
+load any. When loading, libraries are ordered by speed. First Yajl-Ruby, then
+the JSON gem, then JSON pure. If no JSON library is available, MultiJSON falls
+back to a bundled version of [OkJson](https://github.com/kr/okjson).
+
+Continuous Integration
+----------------------
+[![Build Status](http://travis-ci.org/intridea/multi_json.png)](http://travis-ci.org/intridea/multi_json)
+
+Contributing
+------------
+In the spirit of [free software](http://www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/free-sw.html), **everyone** is encouraged to help improve this project.
+
+Here are some ways *you* can contribute:
+
+* by using alpha, beta, and prerelease versions
+* by reporting bugs
+* by suggesting new features
+* by writing or editing documentation
+* by writing specifications
+* by writing code (**no patch is too small**: fix typos, add comments, clean up inconsistent whitespace)
+* by refactoring code
+* by closing [issues](https://github.com/intridea/multi_json/issues)
+* by reviewing patches
+
+Submitting an Issue
+-------------------
+We use the [GitHub issue tracker](https://github.com/intridea/multi_json/issues) to track bugs and
+features. Before submitting a bug report or feature request, check to make sure it hasn't already
+been submitted. You can indicate support for an existing issuse by voting it up. When submitting a
+bug report, please include a [Gist](https://gist.github.com/) that includes a stack trace and any
+details that may be necessary to reproduce the bug, including your gem version, Ruby version, and
+operating system. Ideally, a bug report should include a pull request with failing specs.
+
+Submitting a Pull Request
+-------------------------
+1. Fork the project.
+2. Create a topic branch.
+3. Implement your feature or bug fix.
+4. Add specs for your feature or bug fix.
+5. Run <tt>bundle exec rake spec</tt>. If your changes are not 100% covered, go back to step 4.
+6. Commit and push your changes.
+7. Submit a pull request. Please do not include changes to the gemspec, version, or history file. (If you want to create your own version for some reason, please do so in a separate commit.)
+
+Copyright
+---------
+Copyright (c) 2010 Michael Bleigh, Josh Kalderimis, Erik Michaels-Ober, and Intridea, Inc.
+See [LICENSE](https://github.com/intridea/multi_json/blob/master/LICENSE.md) for details.

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env rake
+begin
+  require 'bundler'
+  Bundler::GemHelper.install_tasks
+rescue LoadError => e
+  warn "[WARNING]: It is recommended that you use bundler during development: gem install bundler"
+end
+
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+desc "Run all examples"
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec
+task :test => :spec
+
+require 'rdoc/task'
+Rake::RDocTask.new do |rdoc|
+  rdoc.rdoc_dir = 'rdoc'
+  rdoc.title = "multi_json #{MultiJson::VERSION}"
+  rdoc.rdoc_files.include('README.md')
+  rdoc.rdoc_files.include('LICENSE.md')
+  rdoc.rdoc_files.include('lib/**/*.rb')
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+module MultiJson
+  class DecodeError < StandardError; end
+  module_function
+
+  @engine = nil
+
+  # Get the current engine class.
+  def engine
+    return @engine if @engine
+    self.engine = self.default_engine
+    @engine
+  end
+
+  REQUIREMENT_MAP = [
+    ["yajl", :yajl],
+    ["json", :json_gem],
+    ["json/pure", :json_pure]
+  ]
+
+  # The default engine based on what you currently
+  # have loaded and installed. First checks to see
+  # if any engines are already loaded, then checks
+  # to see which are installed if none are loaded.
+  def default_engine
+    return :yajl if defined?(::Yajl)
+    return :json_gem if defined?(::JSON)
+
+    REQUIREMENT_MAP.each do |(library, engine)|
+      begin
+        require library
+        return engine
+      rescue LoadError
+        next
+      end
+    end
+
+    :ok_json
+  end
+
+  # Set the JSON parser utilizing a symbol, string, or class.
+  # Supported by default are:
+  #
+  # * <tt>:json_gem</tt>
+  # * <tt>:json_pure</tt>
+  # * <tt>:ok_json</tt>
+  # * <tt>:yajl</tt>
+  def engine=(new_engine)
+    case new_engine
+    when String, Symbol
+      require "multi_json/engines/#{new_engine}"
+      @engine = MultiJson::Engines.const_get("#{new_engine.to_s.split('_').map{|s| s.capitalize}.join('')}")
+    when Class
+      @engine = new_engine
+    else
+      raise "Did not recognize your engine specification. Please specify either a symbol or a class."
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Decode a JSON string into Ruby.
+  #
+  # <b>Options</b>
+  #
+  # <tt>:symbolize_keys</tt> :: If true, will use symbols instead of strings for the keys.
+  def decode(string, options = {})
+    engine.decode(string, options)
+  rescue engine::ParseError => exception
+    raise DecodeError, exception.message, exception.backtrace
+  end
+
+  # Encodes a Ruby object as JSON.
+  def encode(object)
+    engine.encode(object)
+  end
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json/engines/json_gem.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require 'json' unless defined?(::JSON)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Engines
+    # Use the JSON gem to encode/decode.
+    class JsonGem
+      ParseError = ::JSON::ParserError
+
+      def self.decode(string, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        opts = {}
+        opts[:symbolize_names] = options[:symbolize_keys]
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        ::JSON.parse(string, opts)
+      end
+
+      def self.encode(object) #:nodoc:
+        object.to_json
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json/engines/json_pure.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require 'json/pure' unless defined?(::JSON)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Engines
+    # Use JSON pure to encode/decode.
+    class JsonPure
+      ParseError = ::JSON::ParserError
+
+      def self.decode(string, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        opts = {}
+        opts[:symbolize_names] = options[:symbolize_keys]
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        ::JSON.parse(string, opts)
+      end
+
+      def self.encode(object) #:nodoc:
+        object.to_json
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json/engines/ok_json.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+require "multi_json/vendor/ok_json" unless defined?(::OkJson)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Engines
+    class OkJson
+      ParseError = ::OkJson::Error
+
+      def self.decode(string, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        result = ::OkJson.decode(string)
+        options[:symbolize_keys] ? symbolize_keys(result) : result
+      end
+
+      def self.encode(object) #:nodoc:
+        ::OkJson.valenc(stringify_keys(object))
+      end
+
+      def self.symbolize_keys(object) #:nodoc:
+        modify_keys(object) do |key|
+          key.is_a?(String) ? key.to_sym : key
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.stringify_keys(object) #:nodoc:
+        modify_keys(object) do |key|
+          key.is_a?(Symbol) ? key.to_s : key
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.modify_keys(object, &modifier) #:nodoc:
+        case object
+        when Array
+          object.map do |value|
+            modify_keys(value, &modifier)
+          end
+        when Hash
+          object.inject({}) do |result, (key, value)|
+            new_key   = modifier.call(key)
+            new_value = modify_keys(value, &modifier)
+            result.merge! new_key => new_value
+          end
+        else
+          object
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json/engines/yajl.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'yajl' unless defined?(Yajl)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Engines
+    # Use the Yajl-Ruby library to encode/decode.
+    class Yajl
+      ParseError = ::Yajl::ParseError
+
+      def self.decode(string, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        ::Yajl::Parser.new(:symbolize_keys => options[:symbolize_keys]).parse(string)
+      end
+
+      def self.encode(object) #:nodoc:
+        ::Yajl::Encoder.new.encode(object)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/server/vendor/gems/gems/multi_json-1.0.3/lib/multi_json/vendor/ok_json.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Keith Rarick
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.
+
+require 'stringio'
+
+# Some parts adapted from
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
+module OkJson
+  extend self
+
+
+  # Decodes a json document in string s and
+  # returns the corresponding ruby value.
+  # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
+  # a string in some other encoding, convert
+  # it first.
+  #
+  # String values in the resulting structure
+  # will be UTF-8.
+  def decode(s)
+    ts = lex(s)
+    v, ts = textparse(ts)
+    if ts.length > 0
+      raise Error, 'trailing garbage'
+    end
+    v
+  end
+
+
+  # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
+  # except that it does not accept atomic values.
+  def textparse(ts)
+    if ts.length < 0
+      raise Error, 'empty'
+    end
+
+    typ, _, val = ts[0]
+    case typ
+    when '{' then objparse(ts)
+    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+    else
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def valparse(ts)
+    if ts.length < 0
+      raise Error, 'empty'
+    end
+
+    typ, _, val = ts[0]
+    case typ
+    when '{' then objparse(ts)
+    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+    when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
+    else
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def objparse(ts)
+    ts = eat('{', ts)
+    obj = {}
+
+    if ts[0][0] == '}'
+      return obj, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+
+    k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+    obj[k] = v
+
+    if ts[0][0] == '}'
+      return obj, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+
+    loop do
+      ts = eat(',', ts)
+
+      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+      obj[k] = v
+
+      if ts[0][0] == '}'
+        return obj, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
+  def pairparse(ts)
+    (typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
+    if typ != :str
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
+    end
+    ts = eat(':', ts)
+    v, ts = valparse(ts)
+    [k, v, ts]
+  end
+
+
+  # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def arrparse(ts)
+    ts = eat('[', ts)
+    arr = []
+
+    if ts[0][0] == ']'
+      return arr, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+
+    v, ts = valparse(ts)
+    arr << v
+
+    if ts[0][0] == ']'
+      return arr, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+
+    loop do
+      ts = eat(',', ts)
+
+      v, ts = valparse(ts)
+      arr << v
+
+      if ts[0][0] == ']'
+        return arr, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def eat(typ, ts)
+    if ts[0][0] != typ
+      raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
+    end
+    ts[1..-1]
+  end
+
+
+  # Sans s and returns a list of json tokens,
+  # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
+  def lex(s)
+    ts = []
+    while s.length > 0
+      typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
+      if typ == nil
+        raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
+      end
+      if typ != :space
+        ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
+      end
+      s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
+    end
+    ts
+  end
+
+
+  # Scans the first token in s and
+  # returns a 3-element list, or nil
+  # if no such token exists.
+  #
+  # The first list element is one of
+  # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
+  # :val, :str, and :space.
+  #
+  # The second element is the lexeme.
+  #
+  # The third element is the value of the
+  # token for :val and :str, otherwise
+  # it is the lexeme.
+  def tok(s)
+    case s[0]
+    when ?{  then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?}  then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?:  then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?,  then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?[  then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?]  then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?n  then nulltok(s)
+    when ?t  then truetok(s)
+    when ?f  then falsetok(s)
+    when ?"  then strtok(s)
+    when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    else          numtok(s)
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def nulltok(s);  s[0,4] == 'null'  && [:val, 'null',  nil]   end
+  def truetok(s);  s[0,4] == 'true'  && [:val, 'true',  true]  end
+  def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' && [:val, 'false', false] end
+
+
+  def numtok(s)
+    m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
+    if m && m.begin(0) == 0
+      if m[3] && !m[2]
+        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])*(10**Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
+      elsif m[2]
+        [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
+      else
+        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def strtok(s)
+    m = /"([^"\\]|\\["\/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
+    if ! m
+      raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
+    end
+    [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
+  end
+
+
+  def abbrev(s)
+    t = s[0,10]
+    p = t['`']
+    t = t[0,p] if p
+    t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
+    '`' + t + '`'
+  end
+
+
+  # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
+  # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
+  # Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
+  def unquote(q)
+    q = q[1...-1]
+    a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
+    r, w = 0, 0
+    while r < q.length
+      c = q[r]
+      case true
+      when c == ?\\
+        r += 1
+        if r >= q.length
+          raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
+        end
+
+        case q[r]
+        when ?",?\\,?/,?'
+          a[w] = q[r]
+          r += 1
+          w += 1
+        when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
+          a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
+          r += 1
+          w += 1
+        when ?u
+          r += 1
+          uchar = begin
+            hexdec4(q[r,4])
+          rescue RuntimeError => e
+            raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
+          end
+          r += 4
+          if surrogate? uchar
+            if q.length >= r+6
+              uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
+              uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
+              if uchar != Ucharerr
+                # A valid pair; consume.
+                r += 6
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
+        else
+          raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
+        end
+      when c == ?", c < Spc
+        raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
+      else
+        # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
+        # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
+        # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
+        a[w] = c
+        r += 1
+        w += 1
+      end
+    end
+    a[0,w]
+  end
+
+
+  # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
+  # bytes in string a at position i.
+  # Returns the number of bytes written.
+  def ucharenc(a, i, u)
+    case true
+    when u <= Uchar1max
+      a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
+      1
+    when u <= Uchar2max
+      a[i+0] = (Utag2 | ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      2
+    when u <= Uchar3max
+      a[i+0] = (Utag3 | ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+2] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      3
+    else
+      a[i+0] = (Utag4 | ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+2] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+3] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      4
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def hexdec4(s)
+    if s.length != 4
+      raise Error, 'short'
+    end
+    (nibble(s[0])<<12) | (nibble(s[1])<<8) | (nibble(s[2])<<4) | nibble(s[3])
+  end
+
+
+  def subst(u1, u2)
+    if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
+      return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) | (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
+    end
+    return Ucharerr
+  end
+
+
+  def unsubst(u)
+    if u < Usurrself || u > Umax || surrogate?(u)
+      return Ucharerr, Ucharerr
+    end
+    u -= Usurrself
+    [Usurr1 + ((u>>10)&0x3ff), Usurr2 + (u&0x3ff)]
+  end
+
+
+  def surrogate?(u)
+    Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
+  end
+
+
+  def nibble(c)
+    case true
+    when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
+    when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
+    when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
+    else
+      raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
+  # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
+  # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
+  # X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
+  # No other value can be encoded, and an error will
+  # be raised if x contains any other value, such as
+  # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
+  # is not a String.
+  # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
+  def encode(x)
+    case x
+    when Hash    then objenc(x)
+    when Array   then arrenc(x)
+    else
+      raise Error, 'root value must be an Array or a Hash'
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def valenc(x)
+    case x
+    when Hash    then objenc(x)
+    when Array   then arrenc(x)
+    when String  then strenc(x)
+    when Numeric then numenc(x)
+    when true    then "true"
+    when false   then "false"
+    when nil     then "null"
+    else
+      raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def objenc(x)
+    '{' + x.map{|k,v| keyenc(k) + ':' + valenc(v)}.join(',') + '}'
+  end
+
+
+  def arrenc(a)
+    '[' + a.map{|x| valenc(x)}.join(',') + ']'
+  end
+
+
+  def keyenc(k)
+    case k
+    when String then strenc(k)
+    else
+      raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def strenc(s)
+    t = StringIO.new
+    t.putc(?")
+    r = 0
+    while r < s.length
+      case s[r]
+      when ?"  then t.print('\\"')
+      when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
+      when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
+      when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
+      when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
+      when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
+      when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
+      else
+        c = s[r]
+        case true
+        when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
+          t.putc(c)
+        when true
+          u, size = uchardec(s, r)
+          r += size - 1 # we add one more at the bottom of the loop
+          if u < 0x10000
+            t.print('\\u')
+            hexenc4(t, u)
+          else
+            u1, u2 = unsubst(u)
+            t.print('\\u')
+            hexenc4(t, u1)
+            t.print('\\u')
+            hexenc4(t, u2)
+          end
+        else
+          # invalid byte; skip it
+        end
+      end
+      r += 1
+    end
+    t.putc(?")
+    t.string
+  end
+
+
+  def hexenc4(t, u)
+    t.putc(Hex[(u>>12)&0xf])
+    t.putc(Hex[(u>>8)&0xf])
+    t.putc(Hex[(u>>4)&0xf])
+    t.putc(Hex[u&0xf])
+  end
+
+
+  def numenc(x)
+    if x.nan? || x.infinite?
+      return 'null'
+    end rescue nil
+    "#{x}"
+  end
+
+
+  # Decodes unicode character u from UTF-8
+  # bytes in string s at position i.
+  # Returns u and the number of bytes read.
+  def uchardec(s, i)
+    n = s.length - i
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 1
+
+    c0 = s[i].ord
+
+    # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utagx
+      return [c0, 1]
+    end
+
+    # unexpected continuation byte?
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c0 < Utag2
+
+    # need continuation byte
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 2
+    c1 = s[i+1].ord
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c1 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c1
+
+    # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag3
+      u = (c0&Umask2)<<6 | (c1&Umaskx)
+      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar1max
+      return [u, 2]
+    end
+
+    # need second continuation byte
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 3
+    c2 = s[i+2].ord
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c2 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c2
+
+    # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag4
+      u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 | (c1&Umaskx)<<6 | (c2&Umaskx)
+      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar2max
+      return [u, 3]
+    end
+
+    # need third continuation byte
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 4
+    c3 = s[i+3].ord
+    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c3 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c3
+
+    # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag5
+      u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 | (c1&Umaskx)<<12 | (c2&Umaskx)<<6 | (c3&Umaskx)
+      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar3max
+      return [u, 4]
+    end
+
+    return [Ucharerr, 1]
+  end
+
+
+  class Error < ::StandardError
+  end
+
+
+  Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
+  Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
+  Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
+  Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
+  Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
+  Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
+  Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
+  Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
+  Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
+  Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
+  Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
+  Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
+  Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
+  Usurrself = 0x10000
+  Usurr1 = 0xd800
+  Usurr2 = 0xdc00
+  Usurr3 = 0xe000
+  Umax = 0x10ffff
+
+  Spc = ' '[0]
+  Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
+  Hex = '0123456789abcdef'
+end