vivarium 0.1.2 → 0.3.0

data/lib/vivarium.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require "pathname"
 require "rbbcc"
 require "socket"
 require_relative "vivarium/version"
-require_relative "vivarium/logger"
+require_relative "vivarium/cli"
 
 module Vivarium
   class Error < StandardError; end
@@ -16,18 +16,85 @@ module Vivarium
   CONFIG_ROOT_TARGETS_PIN = File.join(PIN_DIR, "config_root_targets")
   CONFIG_SPAWNED_TARGETS_PIN = File.join(PIN_DIR, "config_spawned_targets")
   CONFIG_TARGETS_PIN = CONFIG_ROOT_TARGETS_PIN
-  EVENT_INVOKED_PIN = File.join(PIN_DIR, "event_invoked")
-  EVENT_WRITE_POS_PIN = File.join(PIN_DIR, "event_write_pos")
+  EVENTS_PIN = File.join(PIN_DIR, "events")
 
   EVENT_NAME_SIZE = 16
   EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE = 256
   EVENT_TS_SIZE = 8
+  PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE = 64
+  PROC_EXEC_SLOT_COUNT = 4
   EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE = 288
   EVENT_TS_OFFSET = 0
   EVENT_PID_OFFSET = 8
-  EVENT_NAME_OFFSET = 12
-  EVENT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET = 28
-  EVENT_CAPACITY = 1024
+  EVENT_TID_OFFSET = 12
+  EVENT_NAME_OFFSET = 16
+  EVENT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET = 32
+  EVENTS_RINGBUF_PAGES = 256
+  SPAN_ALLOWCLASSES = [
+    Socket,
+    BasicSocket,
+    IPSocket,
+    TCPSocket,
+    UDPSocket,
+    UNIXSocket,
+    File,
+    Dir,
+    Signal,
+    Process,
+    Process::UID,
+    Process::GID,
+  ]
+  SPAN_ALLOWLIST = [
+    "Kernel#system",
+    "Kernel#require",
+    "Kernel#require_relative",
+    "Kernel#load",
+    "Kernel#eval",
+    "Object#instance_eval",
+    "Object#instance_exec",
+  ].freeze
+  EVENT_SEVERITY_HIGH = %w[
+    capable_check bprm_creds setid_change task_kill
+    ptrace_check sb_mount kernel_read_file
+  ].freeze
+
+  CAPABILITY_NAMES = {
+    0 => "CAP_CHOWN",
+    1 => "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",
+    2 => "CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH",
+    3 => "CAP_FOWNER",
+    4 => "CAP_FSETID",
+    5 => "CAP_KILL",
+    6 => "CAP_SETGID",
+    7 => "CAP_SETUID",
+    8 => "CAP_SETPCAP",
+    9 => "CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
+    10 => "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE",
+    12 => "CAP_NET_ADMIN",
+    13 => "CAP_NET_RAW",
+    16 => "CAP_SYS_MODULE",
+    17 => "CAP_SYS_RAWIO",
+    18 => "CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
+    19 => "CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
+    21 => "CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
+    22 => "CAP_SYS_BOOT",
+    23 => "CAP_SYS_NICE",
+    24 => "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE",
+    25 => "CAP_SYS_TIME",
+    27 => "CAP_MKNOD",
+    29 => "CAP_AUDIT_WRITE",
+    37 => "CAP_AUDIT_READ",
+    38 => "CAP_PERFMON",
+    39 => "CAP_BPF",
+    40 => "CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE"
+  }.freeze
+
+  SETID_FLAG_NAMES = {
+    0x01 => "LSM_SETID_ID",
+    0x02 => "LSM_SETID_RE",
+    0x04 => "LSM_SETID_RES",
+    0x08 => "LSM_SETID_FS"
+  }.freeze
 
   @bpf_pin_dir = PIN_DIR
 
@@ -39,35 +106,16 @@ module Vivarium
     end
   end
 
-  Event = Struct.new(:ktime_ns, :pid, :event_name, :payload, keyword_init: true) do
-    def empty?
-      ktime_ns.to_i.zero? && pid.to_i.zero? && event_name.to_s.empty? && payload.to_s.empty?
-    end
-
-    def self.from_binary(raw)
-      bytes = raw.to_s.b
-      bytes = bytes.ljust(EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE, "\x00")
-
-      ktime_ns = bytes[EVENT_TS_OFFSET, EVENT_TS_SIZE].unpack1("Q<")
-      pid = bytes[EVENT_PID_OFFSET, 4].unpack1("L<")
-      event_name = c_string(bytes[EVENT_NAME_OFFSET, EVENT_NAME_SIZE])
-      raw_payload = bytes[EVENT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET, EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE]
-      payload = if %w[dns_req sock_connect odd_socket].include?(event_name)
-                  raw_payload
-                else
-                  c_string(raw_payload)
-                end
-
-      new(ktime_ns: ktime_ns, pid: pid, event_name: event_name, payload: payload)
-    end
+  def self.c_string(bytes)
+    str = bytes.to_s.b
+    nul = str.index("\x00")
+    return str if nul.nil?
 
-    def self.c_string(bytes)
-      str = bytes.to_s.b
-      nul = str.index("\x00")
-      return str if nul.nil?
+    str[0, nul]
+  end
 
-      str[0, nul]
-    end
+  def self.event_severity(event_name)
+    EVENT_SEVERITY_HIGH.include?(event_name.to_s) ? "high" : "medium"
   end
 
   def self.decode_dns_qname(raw_payload)
@@ -143,6 +191,182 @@ module Vivarium
     decode_odd_socket_payload(raw_payload)
   end
 
+  def self.decode_file_symlink_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    target = c_string(bytes[0, 128])
+    link_name = c_string(bytes[128, 128])
+    "target=#{target.inspect} link_name=#{link_name.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_file_hardlink_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    old_path = c_string(bytes[0, 128])
+    new_name = c_string(bytes[128, 128])
+    "old_path=#{old_path.inspect} new_name=#{new_name.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_file_rename_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    old_name = c_string(bytes[0, 128])
+    new_name = c_string(bytes[128, 128])
+    "old_name=#{old_name.inspect} new_name=#{new_name.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_file_chmod_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 2
+
+    mode = bytes[0, 2].unpack1("S<")
+    path = c_string(bytes[2, 254])
+    "mode=#{format('0o%o', mode)} path=#{path.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_file_getdents_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    fd = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    count = bytes[4, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    "fd=#{fd} count=#{count}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_proc_exec_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    slots = PROC_EXEC_SLOT_COUNT.times.map do |index|
+      offset = index * PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE
+      c_string(bytes[offset, PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE])
+    end
+    slots.reject!(&:empty?)
+    return "" if slots.empty?
+
+    filename = slots.shift
+    argv = slots
+    "filename=#{filename.inspect} argv=[#{argv.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}]"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_ptrace_check_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 4
+
+    mode = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    "mode=0x#{mode.to_s(16)}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_sb_mount_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 248
+
+    flags = bytes[0, 8].unpack1("Q<")
+    dev_name = c_string(bytes[8, 120])
+    fs_type = c_string(bytes[128, 120])
+    "flags=0x#{flags.to_s(16)} dev_name=#{dev_name.inspect} fs_type=#{fs_type.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_kernel_read_file_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    id = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    contents = bytes[4, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    "id=#{id} contents=#{contents}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_task_kill_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 4
+
+    sig = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("l<")
+    signame = begin
+      Signal.signame(sig)
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    signame ? "sig=#{sig} signame=#{signame}" : "sig=#{sig}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_setid_change_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 4
+
+    flags = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    names = SETID_FLAG_NAMES.each_with_object([]) do |(bit, name), acc|
+      acc << name if (flags & bit) != 0
+    end
+    names << "UNKNOWN" if names.empty?
+    "flags=0x#{flags.to_s(16)} kinds=[#{names.join(', ')}]"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_capable_check_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    cap = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    opts = bytes[4, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    cap_name = CAPABILITY_NAMES.fetch(cap, "UNKNOWN")
+    "cap=#{cap}(#{cap_name}) opts=0x#{opts.to_s(16)}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_bprm_creds_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 2
+
+    has_file = bytes.getbyte(0).to_i
+    path = c_string(bytes[1, EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 1])
+    "has_file=#{has_file} file=#{path.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_proc_fork_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    child_pid = bytes[0, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    child_tid = bytes[4, 4].unpack1("L<")
+    "child_pid=#{child_pid} child_tid=#{child_tid}"
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_span_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    method_id = bytes[0, 8].unpack1("q<")
+    result = format("method_id=0x%016X", method_id & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF)
+
+    if bytes.bytesize >= 24
+      file_id = bytes[8, 8].unpack1("q<")
+      lineno = bytes[16, 8].unpack1("q<")
+      result += format(" file_id=0x%016X", file_id & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF) if file_id != -1
+      result += " lineno=#{lineno}" if lineno > 0
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_span_raise_payload(raw_payload)
+    bytes = raw_payload.to_s.b
+    return "" if bytes.bytesize < 8
+
+    error_id = bytes[0, 8].unpack1("q<")
+    result = format("error_id=0x%016X", error_id & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF)
+
+    if bytes.bytesize >= 16
+      message_id = bytes[8, 8].unpack1("q<")
+      result += format(" message_id=0x%016X", message_id & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF)
+    end
+
+    if bytes.bytesize >= 24
+      file_id = bytes[16, 8].unpack1("q<")
+      result += format(" file_id=0x%016X", file_id & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF) if file_id != -1
+    end
+
+    if bytes.bytesize >= 32
+      lineno = bytes[24, 8].unpack1("q<")
+      result += " lineno=#{lineno}" if lineno > 0
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
   def self.render_event_payload(event)
     case event.event_name
     when "dns_req"
@@ -154,11 +378,66 @@ module Vivarium
     when "odd_socket"
       decoded = decode_odd_socket_payload(event.payload)
       decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "proc_exec"
+      decoded = decode_proc_exec_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "ptrace_check"
+      decoded = decode_ptrace_check_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "sb_mount"
+      decoded = decode_sb_mount_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "kernel_read_file"
+      decoded = decode_kernel_read_file_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "task_kill"
+      decoded = decode_task_kill_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "setid_change"
+      decoded = decode_setid_change_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "capable_check"
+      decoded = decode_capable_check_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "bprm_creds"
+      decoded = decode_bprm_creds_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "proc_fork"
+      decoded = decode_proc_fork_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "span_start", "span_stop"
+      decoded = decode_span_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "span_raise"
+      decoded = decode_span_raise_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "file_symlink"
+      decoded = decode_file_symlink_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "file_hardlink"
+      decoded = decode_file_hardlink_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "file_rename"
+      decoded = decode_file_rename_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "file_chmod"
+      decoded = decode_file_chmod_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
+    when "file_getdents"
+      decoded = decode_file_getdents_payload(event.payload)
+      decoded.empty? ? event.payload.inspect : decoded
     else
-      event.payload.inspect
+      strip_to_first_null(event.payload).inspect
     end
   end
 
+  def self.strip_to_first_null(bytes)
+    nul = bytes.index("\x00")
+    return bytes if nul.nil?
+
+    bytes[0, nul]
+  end
+
   class MapStore
     def initialize(pin_dir: Vivarium.bpf_pin_dir)
       @pin_dir = pin_dir
@@ -176,20 +455,6 @@ module Vivarium
         keysize: 4,
         leafsize: 1
       )
-      @event_invoked = RbBCC::ArrayTable.from_pin(
-        File.join(@pin_dir, "event_invoked"),
-        "unsigned int",
-        "char[#{EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE}]",
-        keysize: 4,
-        leafsize: EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE
-      )
-      @event_write_pos = RbBCC::ArrayTable.from_pin(
-        File.join(@pin_dir, "event_write_pos"),
-        "unsigned int",
-        "unsigned int",
-        keysize: 4,
-        leafsize: 4
-      )
     rescue StandardError => e
       raise Error, "failed to open pinned maps under #{@pin_dir}: #{e.class}: #{e.message}"
     end
@@ -204,31 +469,6 @@ module Vivarium
     rescue KeyError
       nil
     end
-
-    def drain_events
-      events = []
-      EVENT_CAPACITY.times do |idx|
-        ptr = @event_invoked[idx]
-        next unless ptr
-
-        event = Event.from_binary(ptr[0, EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE])
-        next if event.empty?
-
-        events << event
-        @event_invoked[idx] = zeroed_event_ptr
-      end
-
-      @event_write_pos[0] = 0
-      events
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def zeroed_event_ptr
-      ptr = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE)
-      ptr[0, EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE] = "\x00" * EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE
-      ptr
-    end
   end
 
   class Daemon
@@ -249,6 +489,11 @@ module Vivarium
       struct net;
       struct sock;
       struct sk_buff;
+      struct task_struct;
+      struct kernel_siginfo;
+      struct cred;
+      struct user_namespace;
+      struct linux_binprm;
 
       struct path {
         void *mnt;
@@ -259,6 +504,24 @@ module Vivarium
         struct path f_path;
       };
 
+      struct qstr {
+        union {
+          struct {
+            u64 hash_len;
+          };
+          struct {
+            u32 hash;
+            u32 len;
+          };
+        };
+        const unsigned char *name;
+      };
+
+      struct dentry_base {
+        char __pad[__VIVARIUM_DENTRY_D_NAME_OFFSET__];
+        struct qstr d_name;
+      };
+
       struct sockaddr_t {
         u16 sa_family;
         unsigned char sa_data[14];
@@ -316,6 +579,7 @@ module Vivarium
       struct event_t {
         u64 ktime_ns;
         u32 pid;
+        u32 tid;
         char event_name[16];
         char payload[#{EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE}];
       };
@@ -323,8 +587,7 @@ module Vivarium
       BPF_HASH(config_root_targets, u32, u8, 1024);
       BPF_HASH(config_spawned_targets, u32, u8, 8192);
       BPF_HASH(dns_connected_tids, u32, u8, 8192);
-      BPF_ARRAY(event_invoked, struct event_t, #{EVENT_CAPACITY});
-      BPF_ARRAY(event_write_pos, u32, 1);
+      BPF_RINGBUF_OUTPUT(events, #{EVENTS_RINGBUF_PAGES});
 
       static __always_inline int target_enabled(u32 pid, u32 tid)
       {
@@ -341,19 +604,41 @@ module Vivarium
         return 0;
       }
 
-      static __always_inline void submit_event(struct event_t *ev)
+      static __always_inline int monitored_capability(int cap)
+      {
+        switch (cap) {
+          case 1:  /* CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE */
+          case 2:  /* CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH */
+          case 6:  /* CAP_SETGID */
+          case 7:  /* CAP_SETUID */
+          case 12: /* CAP_NET_ADMIN */
+          case 16: /* CAP_SYS_MODULE */
+          case 17: /* CAP_SYS_RAWIO */
+          case 19: /* CAP_SYS_PTRACE */
+          case 21: /* CAP_SYS_ADMIN */
+          case 22: /* CAP_SYS_BOOT */
+          case 25: /* CAP_SYS_TIME */
+          case 38: /* CAP_PERFMON */
+          case 39: /* CAP_BPF */
+          case 40: /* CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */
+            return 1;
+          default:
+            return 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      static __always_inline void submit_event(struct event_t *src)
       {
-        u32 zero = 0;
-        u32 *write_pos = event_write_pos.lookup(&zero);
-        if (!write_pos) {
+        struct event_t *ev = events.ringbuf_reserve(sizeof(struct event_t));
+        if (!ev) {
           return;
         }
 
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev, src, sizeof(*ev));
         ev->ktime_ns = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+        ev->tid = (u32)bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
 
-        u32 idx = *write_pos % #{EVENT_CAPACITY};
-        __sync_fetch_and_add(write_pos, 1);
-        event_invoked.update(&idx, ev);
+        events.ringbuf_submit(ev, 0);
       }
 
       static __always_inline int is_dns_destination(void *addr)
@@ -396,21 +681,56 @@ module Vivarium
         submit_event(&ev);
       }
 
+      static __always_inline int read_dentry_name(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t max)
+      {
+        struct dentry_base d = {};
+        struct qstr qname = {};
+
+        if (!dentry || !buffer) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+
+        bpf_probe_read_kernel(&d, sizeof(d), (void *)dentry);
+        if (!d.d_name.name) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned int len = d.d_name.len;
+        if (len > max) {
+          len = max;
+        }
+
+        bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(buffer, len + 1, (void *)d.d_name.name);
+        return len;
+      }
+
       TRACEPOINT_PROBE(sched, sched_process_fork)
       {
         u32 parent = args->parent_pid;
         u32 child = args->child_pid;
         u8 one = 1;
+        int is_target = 0;
 
         u8 *enabled_root = config_root_targets.lookup(&parent);
         if (enabled_root && *enabled_root == 1) {
+          is_target = 1;
           config_spawned_targets.update(&child, &one);
-          return 0;
+        } else {
+          u8 *enabled_spawned = config_spawned_targets.lookup(&parent);
+          if (enabled_spawned && *enabled_spawned == 1) {
+            is_target = 1;
+            config_spawned_targets.update(&child, &one);
+          }
         }
 
-        u8 *enabled_spawned = config_spawned_targets.lookup(&parent);
-        if (enabled_spawned && *enabled_spawned == 1) {
-          config_spawned_targets.update(&child, &one);
+        if (is_target) {
+          u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+          struct event_t ev = {};
+          ev.pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+          __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "proc_fork", 10);
+          __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &child, sizeof(child));
+          __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[4], &child, sizeof(child));
+          submit_event(&ev);
         }
 
         return 0;
@@ -429,7 +749,6 @@ module Vivarium
         u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
         u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
         u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
-        bpf_trace_printk("vivarium: invoked pid=%d\\n", pid);
         if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
           return 0;
         }
@@ -443,11 +762,9 @@ module Vivarium
         if (path_ret < 0) {
           if (ev.payload[0] == 0) {
             __builtin_memcpy(ev.payload, "<path_error>", 13);
-            bpf_trace_printk("vivarium: failed to obtain full path. pid=%d path=%s\\n", pid, ev.payload);
           }
         }
 
-        bpf_trace_printk("vivarium: pid=%d path=%s\\n", pid, ev.payload);
         submit_event(&ev);
 
         return 0;
@@ -630,6 +947,427 @@ module Vivarium
 
         return 0;
       }
+
+      TRACEPOINT_PROBE(syscalls, sys_enter_execve)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+        const char *argv0 = 0;
+        const char *argv1 = 0;
+        const char *argv2 = 0;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!args->filename) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "proc_exec", 10);
+        bpf_probe_read_user_str(&ev.payload[0], #{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE}, args->filename);
+
+        if (args->argv) {
+          bpf_probe_read_user(&argv0, sizeof(argv0), &args->argv[0]);
+          bpf_probe_read_user(&argv1, sizeof(argv1), &args->argv[1]);
+          bpf_probe_read_user(&argv2, sizeof(argv2), &args->argv[2]);
+
+          if (argv0) {
+            bpf_probe_read_user_str(&ev.payload[#{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE}], #{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE}, argv0);
+          }
+          if (argv1) {
+            bpf_probe_read_user_str(&ev.payload[#{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE * 2}], #{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE}, argv1);
+          }
+          if (argv2) {
+            bpf_probe_read_user_str(&ev.payload[#{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE * 3}], #{PROC_EXEC_SLOT_SIZE}, argv2);
+          }
+        }
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(ptrace_access_check, struct task_struct *child, unsigned int mode)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u32 mode32 = mode;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "ptrace_check", 13);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &mode32, sizeof(mode32));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(sb_mount, const char *dev_name, const struct path *path, const char *type, unsigned long flags, void *data)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u64 flags64 = flags;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "sb_mount", 9);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &flags64, sizeof(flags64));
+
+        if (dev_name) {
+          bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(&ev.payload[8], 120, dev_name);
+        }
+        if (type) {
+          bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(&ev.payload[128], 120, type);
+        }
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(kernel_read_file, struct file *file, int id, int contents)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u32 id32 = id;
+        u32 contents32 = contents;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "kernel_read_file", 16);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &id32, sizeof(id32));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[4], &contents32, sizeof(contents32));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(task_kill, struct task_struct *p, struct kernel_siginfo *info, int sig, const struct cred *cred)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "task_kill", 10);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &sig, sizeof(sig));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(task_fix_setuid, struct cred *new, const struct cred *old, int flags)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u32 flags32 = flags;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "setid_change", 13);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &flags32, sizeof(flags32));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(capable, const struct cred *cred, struct user_namespace *targ_ns, int cap, unsigned int opts)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!monitored_capability(cap)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u32 cap32 = cap;
+        u32 opts32 = opts;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "capable_check", 14);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &cap32, sizeof(cap32));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[4], &opts32, sizeof(opts32));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(bprm_creds_from_file, struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct file *file)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u8 has_file = 0;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "bprm_creds", 11);
+
+        if (file) {
+          has_file = 1;
+          bpf_d_path(&file->f_path, &ev.payload[1], sizeof(ev.payload) - 1);
+        }
+
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &has_file, sizeof(has_file));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(inode_symlink, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *oldname)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "file_symlink", 13);
+
+        if (oldname) {
+          bpf_probe_read_user_str(&ev.payload[0], 128, oldname);
+        }
+
+        if (dentry) {
+          read_dentry_name(dentry, &ev.payload[128], 128);
+        }
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(inode_link, struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "file_hardlink", 14);
+
+        if (old_dentry) {
+          read_dentry_name(old_dentry, &ev.payload[0], 128);
+        }
+
+        if (new_dentry) {
+          read_dentry_name(new_dentry, &ev.payload[128], 128);
+        }
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(inode_rename, struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry, 
+                struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry, unsigned int flags)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "file_rename", 12);
+
+        if (old_dentry) {
+          read_dentry_name(old_dentry, &ev.payload[0], 128);
+        }
+
+        if (new_dentry) {
+          read_dentry_name(new_dentry, &ev.payload[128], 128);
+        }
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      LSM_PROBE(path_chmod, struct path *path, umode_t mode)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!path) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u16 mode_short = mode & 0xFFFF;
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "file_chmod", 11);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &mode_short, sizeof(mode_short));
+
+        bpf_d_path(path, &ev.payload[2], sizeof(ev.payload) - 2);
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      TRACEPOINT_PROBE(syscalls, sys_enter_getdents64)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        u32 fd = args->fd;
+        u32 count = args->count;
+
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "file_getdents", 14);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &fd, sizeof(fd));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[4], &count, sizeof(count));
+
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      int on_span_start(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        u64 method_id = 0;
+        u64 file_id = 0;
+        u64 lineno = 0;
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(1, ctx, &method_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(2, ctx, &file_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(3, ctx, &lineno);
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "span_start", 11);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &method_id, sizeof(method_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[8], &file_id, sizeof(file_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[16], &lineno, sizeof(lineno));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      int on_span_stop(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        u64 method_id = 0;
+        u64 file_id = 0;
+        u64 lineno = 0;
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(1, ctx, &method_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(2, ctx, &file_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(3, ctx, &lineno);
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "span_stop", 10);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &method_id, sizeof(method_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[8], &file_id, sizeof(file_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[16], &lineno, sizeof(lineno));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      int on_span_raise(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+      {
+        u64 pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+        u32 pid = pid_tgid >> 32;
+        u32 tid = (u32)pid_tgid;
+
+        if (!target_enabled(pid, tid)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        u64 error_id = 0;
+        u64 message_id = 0;
+        u64 file_id = 0;
+        u64 lineno = 0;
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(1, ctx, &error_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(2, ctx, &message_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(3, ctx, &file_id);
+        bpf_usdt_readarg(4, ctx, &lineno);
+
+        struct event_t ev = {};
+        ev.pid = pid;
+        __builtin_memcpy(ev.event_name, "span_raise", 11);
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[0], &error_id, sizeof(error_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[8], &message_id, sizeof(message_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[16], &file_id, sizeof(file_id));
+        __builtin_memcpy(&ev.payload[24], &lineno, sizeof(lineno));
+        submit_event(&ev);
+        return 0;
+      }
     CLANG
 
     def initialize(pin_dir: Vivarium.bpf_pin_dir)
@@ -641,40 +1379,39 @@ module Vivarium
       FileUtils.mkdir_p(@pin_dir)
 
       f_path_offset = detect_f_path_offset
-      program = BPF_PROGRAM_TEMPLATE.gsub("__VIVARIUM_F_PATH_OFFSET__", f_path_offset.to_s)
+      d_name_offset = detect_dentry_d_name_offset
+      program = BPF_PROGRAM_TEMPLATE
+        .gsub("__VIVARIUM_F_PATH_OFFSET__", f_path_offset.to_s)
+        .gsub("__VIVARIUM_DENTRY_D_NAME_OFFSET__", d_name_offset.to_s)
 
-      bpf = RbBCC::BCC.new(text: program)
-      kprint_thread = start_kprint_logger(bpf)
+      usdt_so_path = ENV.fetch("VIVARIUM_USDT_SO_PATH") { Vivarium.locate_vivarium_usdt_so }
+      usdt = RbBCC::USDT.new(path: usdt_so_path)
+      usdt.enable_probe(probe: "start_probe", fn_name: "on_span_start")
+      usdt.enable_probe(probe: "stop_probe", fn_name: "on_span_stop")
+      usdt.enable_probe(probe: "raise_probe", fn_name: "on_span_raise")
+
+      bpf = RbBCC::BCC.new(text: program, usdt_contexts: [usdt])
 
       config_root_targets = bpf["config_root_targets"]
       config_spawned_targets = bpf["config_spawned_targets"]
-      event_invoked = bpf["event_invoked"]
-      event_write_pos = bpf["event_write_pos"]
+      events_ringbuf = bpf["events"]
 
-      clear_event_slots(event_invoked)
-      event_write_pos[0] = 0
       config_spawned_targets.clear
 
       pin_map(config_root_targets, File.join(@pin_dir, "config_root_targets"))
       pin_map(config_spawned_targets, File.join(@pin_dir, "config_spawned_targets"))
-      pin_map(event_invoked, File.join(@pin_dir, "event_invoked"))
-      pin_map(event_write_pos, File.join(@pin_dir, "event_write_pos"))
+      pin_map(events_ringbuf, File.join(@pin_dir, "events"))
 
       puts "[vivariumd] started"
       puts "[vivariumd] pinned maps in #{@pin_dir}"
       puts "[vivariumd] watching LSM file_open (f_path offset=#{f_path_offset})"
-      puts "[vivariumd] kprint logger enabled"
+      puts "[vivariumd] USDT attached via #{usdt_so_path}"
 
       loop do
         sleep 1
       end
     rescue Interrupt
       puts "\n[vivariumd] stopping"
-    ensure
-      if kprint_thread
-        kprint_thread.kill
-        kprint_thread.join(0.2)
-      end
     end
 
     private
@@ -690,34 +1427,6 @@ module Vivarium
       RbBCC::BCC.pin!(table.map_fd, path)
     end
 
-    def clear_event_slots(table)
-      ptr = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE)
-      ptr[0, EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE] = "\x00" * EVENT_STRUCT_SIZE
-      EVENT_CAPACITY.times do |idx|
-        table[idx] = ptr
-      end
-    end
-
-    def start_kprint_logger(bpf)
-      Thread.new do
-        begin
-          bpf.trace_fields do |_task, pid, _cpu, _flags, ts, msg|
-            line = msg.to_s.strip
-            next unless line.start_with?("vivarium:")
-
-            puts "[vivariumd:kprint #{ts} pid=#{pid}] #{line}"
-          end
-        rescue IOError, Errno::EINTR
-          nil
-        rescue StandardError => e
-          warn "[vivariumd] kprint stream stopped: #{e.class}: #{e.message}"
-        end
-      end
-    rescue StandardError => e
-      warn "[vivariumd] failed to start kprint logger: #{e.class}: #{e.message}"
-      nil
-    end
-
     def detect_f_path_offset
       env_offset = ENV["VIVARIUM_FILE_F_PATH_OFFSET"]
       return Integer(env_offset, 10) if env_offset
@@ -777,78 +1486,194 @@ module Vivarium
     rescue Errno::ENOENT
       raise Error, "bpftool is required to resolve struct file::f_path offset"
     end
+
+    def detect_dentry_d_name_offset
+      env_offset = ENV["VIVARIUM_DENTRY_D_NAME_OFFSET"]
+      return Integer(env_offset, 10) if env_offset
+
+      raw = IO.popen(
+        %w[bpftool btf dump file /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux format raw],
+        err: IO::NULL,
+        &:read
+      )
+
+      in_dentry_struct = false
+      d_name_bits_offset = nil
+
+      raw.each_line do |line|
+        if line =~ /^\[\d+\] STRUCT 'dentry' /
+          in_dentry_struct = true
+          next
+        end
+
+        if in_dentry_struct && line.start_with?("[")
+          break
+        end
+
+        next unless in_dentry_struct
+
+        if (match = line.match(/'d_name'.*bits_offset=(\d+)/))
+          d_name_bits_offset = Integer(match[1], 10)
+          break
+        end
+      end
+
+      if d_name_bits_offset
+        if (d_name_bits_offset % 8).positive?
+          raise Error, "unsupported d_name bits offset=#{d_name_bits_offset}"
+        end
+
+        if d_name_bits_offset >= 1024
+          warn "[vivariumd] suspicious d_name offset=#{d_name_bits_offset / 8}, fallback to offset=32"
+          return 32
+        end
+
+        return d_name_bits_offset / 8
+      end
+
+      warn "[vivariumd] could not find struct dentry::d_name in BTF, fallback to offset=32"
+      32
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      raise Error, "bpftool is required to resolve struct dentry::d_name offset"
+    end
   end
 
   class ObservationSession
-    def initialize(store:, pid:, tracer:)
+    def initialize(store:, pid:, tracer:, correlator:)
       @store = store
       @pid = pid
       @tracer = tracer
+      @correlator = correlator
       @stopped = false
     end
 
     def stop
       return if @stopped
 
+      @stopped = true
       @tracer.disable
       @store.unregister_pid(@pid)
-      @stopped = true
+      @correlator.stop
     end
   end
 
-  def self.observe(pin_dir: bpf_pin_dir, logger: nil, dest: $stdout, format: :human)
-    return scoped_observe(pin_dir: pin_dir, logger: logger, dest: dest, format: format) { yield } if block_given?
+  def self.observe(pin_dir: bpf_pin_dir, dest: $stdout, &block)
+    return scoped_observe(pin_dir: pin_dir, dest: dest, &block) if block_given?
 
-    top_observe(pin_dir: pin_dir, logger: logger, dest: dest, format: format)
+    top_observe(pin_dir: pin_dir, dest: dest)
   end
 
-  def self.top_observe(pin_dir: bpf_pin_dir, logger: nil, dest: $stdout, format: :human)
-    logger ||= Logger.new(dest: dest, format: format)
+  def self.top_observe(pin_dir: bpf_pin_dir, dest: $stdout)
+    require "vivarium_usdt"
+
     store = MapStore.new(pin_dir: pin_dir)
     pid = Process.pid
     store.register_pid(pid)
-    logger.info("top-level observing with pid=#{pid}")
 
-    tracer = build_observe_tracepoint(store, logger)
+    method_id_queue = Thread::Queue.new
+    main_tid = gettid
+
+    correlator = Correlator.new(
+      pin_dir: pin_dir,
+      observer_pid: pid,
+      main_tid: main_tid,
+      method_id_queue: method_id_queue,
+      dest: dest
+    )
+    correlator.start
+
+    tracer = build_observe_tracepoint(method_id_queue)
     tracer.enable
 
-    session = ObservationSession.new(store: store, pid: pid, tracer: tracer)
+    session = ObservationSession.new(
+      store: store, pid: pid, tracer: tracer, correlator: correlator
+    )
     at_exit { session.stop }
     session
   end
 
-  def self.scoped_observe(pin_dir:, logger:, dest:, format:)
-    logger ||= Logger.new(dest: dest, format: format)
+  def self.scoped_observe(pin_dir:, dest:)
+    require "vivarium_usdt"
+
     store = MapStore.new(pin_dir: pin_dir)
     pid = Process.pid
     store.register_pid(pid)
-    logger.info("scoped observing with pid=#{pid}")
 
-    tracer = build_observe_tracepoint(store, logger)
+    method_id_queue = Thread::Queue.new
+    main_tid = gettid
+
+    correlator = Correlator.new(
+      pin_dir: pin_dir,
+      observer_pid: pid,
+      main_tid: main_tid,
+      method_id_queue: method_id_queue,
+      dest: dest
+    )
+    correlator.start
+
+    tracer = build_observe_tracepoint(method_id_queue)
     tracer.enable
 
     yield
   ensure
     tracer&.disable
     store&.unregister_pid(pid)
+    correlator&.stop
   end
 
-  def self.build_observe_tracepoint(store, logger)
-    TracePoint.new(:return, :c_return) do |tp|
-      events = store.drain_events
-      next if events.empty?
+  def self.build_observe_tracepoint(method_id_queue)
+    allow_classes = SPAN_ALLOWCLASSES
+    allowlist = SPAN_ALLOWLIST
+    TracePoint.new(:call, :c_call, :return, :c_return, :raise) do |tp|
+      if tp.event == :raise
+        Vivarium::Usdt.raise(
+          tp.raised_exception.class.to_s,
+          tp.raised_exception.message.to_s,
+          file: tp.path,
+          lineno: tp.lineno
+        )
+        next
+      end
 
-      stack = caller_locations(2, 16)
-      stack = stack.reject { |loc| loc.path.to_s.include?("vivarium") } if filter_internal_frames?
-      logger.log(events, tp, stack)
+      signature = "#{tp.defined_class}##{tp.method_id}"
+      is_target = allowlist.include?(signature) || \
+        allow_classes.any? { |klass| tp.defined_class == klass } || \
+        allow_classes.any? { |klass| tp.defined_class == klass.singleton_class }
+      next unless is_target
+
+      case tp.event
+      when :call, :c_call
+        method_id = Vivarium::Usdt.start(tp.defined_class.to_s, tp.method_id.to_s, file: tp.path, lineno: tp.lineno)
+        method_id_queue << [method_id, signature]
+      when :return, :c_return
+        Vivarium::Usdt.stop(tp.defined_class.to_s, tp.method_id.to_s, file: tp.path, lineno: tp.lineno)
+      end
     end
   end
 
-  def self.filter_internal_frames?
-    value = ENV["VIVARIUM_FILTER_INTERNAL_FRAMES"]
-    return true if value.nil?
+  def self.gettid
+    @gettid_func ||= begin
+      libc = Fiddle.dlopen("libc.so.6")
+      Fiddle::Function.new(libc["gettid"], [], Fiddle::TYPE_INT)
+    rescue Fiddle::DLError
+      libc = Fiddle.dlopen(nil)
+      Fiddle::Function.new(libc["gettid"], [], Fiddle::TYPE_INT)
+    end
+    @gettid_func.call
+  end
 
-    !%w[0 false off no].include?(value.strip.downcase)
+  def self.monotonic_ktime_ns
+    Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, :nanosecond)
+  end
+
+  def self.locate_vivarium_usdt_so
+    require "vivarium_usdt/vivarium_usdt"
+    so = $LOADED_FEATURES.find { |p| p =~ %r{vivarium_usdt/vivarium_usdt\.(so|bundle|dylib)\z} }
+    raise Error, "vivarium_usdt native extension not found in $LOADED_FEATURES" unless so
+
+    File.realpath(so)
+  rescue LoadError => e
+    raise Error, "failed to load vivarium_usdt: #{e.message}"
   end
 
   def self.run_daemon!(argv = ARGV)
@@ -861,3 +1686,6 @@ module Vivarium
     Daemon.new(pin_dir: options[:pin_dir]).run
   end
 end
+
+require_relative "vivarium/correlator"
+require_relative "vivarium/tree_renderer"