visionary-sdk 0.4.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

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+# Changelog
+
+## 0.1.0
+
+First release of the Ruby SDK (`visionary-sdk`, `require "visionary"`).
+
+- Rack middleware for any Rack app, and a Railtie for Rails: one `api_logs`
+  row per request with route patterns (Rails, Sinatra, Grape), redacted
+  headers and bodies, error codes, users (`Visionary.set_user`) and per-request
+  database and HTTP call totals.
+- Spans from `sql.active_record` and `Net::HTTP`, plus `Visionary.span`;
+  errors from exceptions escaping the app or rendered as 5xx, plus
+  `Visionary.capture_exception`; a `releases` row per process start.
+- System metrics every 15 s, with the node-level columns from `/proc` on Linux.
+- Storage: PostgreSQL (`pg`), MySQL (`mysql2`), SQLite (`sqlite3`), Cloudflare
+  D1 over HTTPS, or the app's ActiveRecord pool. Older tables gain new columns
+  at startup.
+- Background threads restart in forked workers (Puma, Unicorn) through
+  `Process._fork`.

data/LICENSE

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data/README.md

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+# visionary-sdk (Ruby)
+
+The Ruby collector for [Visionary](../../Readme.md). It runs inside your Rack
+or Rails service and writes:
+
+- one row per HTTP request into `api_logs` (method, route pattern, status,
+  timing, user, redacted headers and bodies, error codes, and how many
+  database and outbound HTTP calls the request made),
+- `spans` for database statements and outbound HTTP calls of slow or failed
+  requests, `errors` for exceptions, and a `releases` row per deploy,
+- a periodic host / process / runtime sample into `system_metrics`.
+
+The Visionary server reads these tables for its dashboards. All slow work
+happens on background threads, so requests are never blocked or slowed. If
+the database is down, the SDK only writes log lines.
+
+Every Visionary SDK behaves the same way. The contract is
+[`sdks/SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md).
+
+## Install
+
+```ruby
+# Gemfile
+gem "visionary-sdk", require: "visionary"
+```
+
+Requires Ruby 3.1+. The gem has no runtime dependencies. To write through a
+database URL, the app needs that database's driver: `pg`, `mysql2` or
+`sqlite3`. Cloudflare D1 needs nothing (it is called over HTTPS with
+`Net::HTTP`), and an ActiveRecord app can hand over its own pool instead.
+
+## Quickstart
+
+First configure a database (see [Choosing the database](#choosing-the-database)), for example:
+
+```sh
+export VISIONARY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/app
+```
+
+### Rails
+
+Adding the gem is enough: the Railtie inserts `Visionary::Middleware` first in
+the middleware stack, records ActiveRecord queries as spans, and sees the
+exceptions Rails turns into error pages. Collection starts with the first
+request.
+
+```ruby
+# config/initializers/visionary.rb (optional)
+Visionary.configure do |c|
+  c.connection = ActiveRecord::Base            # write through the app's pool instead of a URL
+  c.lookup_user = ->(id) { u = User.find_by(id: id); u && [u.email, u.role] }
+end
+
+# app/controllers/application_controller.rb
+before_action { Visionary.set_user(current_user.id, handle: current_user.email, role: current_user.role) if current_user }
+```
+
+- **Route:** the Rails route pattern, `request.route_uri_pattern` on Rails
+  7.1+ (older versions recognize the request again), without `(.:format)`,
+  e.g. `/users/:id`.
+- **Request id:** Visionary's id is handed to Rails, so `request.request_id`
+  and the `X-Request-ID` response header match the `api_logs` row.
+- **Errors:** exceptions that become a 5xx response are recorded with
+  `handled = 0`; ones Rails maps to a 4xx (`RecordNotFound`, routing errors)
+  are not errors.
+
+### Sinatra (and any Rack app: Hanami, Roda, Grape)
+
+```ruby
+# config.ru
+require "visionary"
+use Visionary::Middleware   # first, so it sees the final response
+run MyApp
+```
+
+Sinatra and Grape route patterns are read automatically
+(`env["sinatra.route"]`, Grape's route info). For other routers, call
+`Visionary.set_route("/users/:id")` in the handler, or configure a resolver:
+
+```ruby
+Visionary.configure { |c| c.route = ->(env) { env["my.router.pattern"] } }
+```
+
+## API
+
+```ruby
+Visionary.set_user(id, handle: nil, role: nil)   # the signed-in user of the current request
+Visionary.set_route("/users/:id")                # route pattern, for routers Visionary can't see
+Visionary.span("charge card", kind: "http", target: "api.stripe.com") { ... }   # a manual span
+Visionary.capture_exception(e)                   # a handled error (handled = 1)
+Visionary.start                                  # start now instead of on the first request
+Visionary.close(10)                              # flush; also runs at exit
+```
+
+`set_user`, `set_route` and spans attach to the request being handled. The
+request is kept in fiber storage (Ruby 3.2+, inherited by child fibers and
+threads) or a fiber-local variable on 3.1, so this works under Puma, Falcon
+and in Async tasks. `lookup_user` runs on the writer thread, once per distinct
+user per batch, for users missing a handle or role.
+
+## Spans and errors
+
+- **Database:** every `sql.active_record` notification except `SCHEMA` and
+  cached queries becomes a `db` span named after the statement (`SELECT
+  users`, `INSERT bookings`, `BEGIN`), with the statement sanitized (literals
+  replaced by `?`, `IN (...)` collapsed). Parameter values are never stored.
+- **Outbound HTTP:** `Net::HTTP` (and clients built on it, such as Faraday's
+  default adapter and HTTParty) becomes `http` spans named `METHOD host`; a
+  5xx answer or a transport error marks the span as an error.
+- **Manual:** `Visionary.span` for anything else (`cache`, `queue`, `custom`).
+
+Every logged request gets `db_count`, `db_ms`, `http_count`, `http_ms`
+(`db_*` are NULL when ActiveRecord isn't loaded and no `db` span was
+recorded). Span rows are stored only for requests that took at least
+`VISIONARY_SPAN_THRESHOLD_MS` or answered 5xx, at most `VISIONARY_SPAN_MAX`
+per request; spans outside requests are stored when they take at least the
+threshold themselves. Visionary's own writes never become spans.
+
+Exceptions that escape the app are recorded and re-raised unchanged; the
+middleware logs the request as 500. Errors are grouped by a fingerprint over
+the exception class and the top five frames of your own code (not gems, the
+standard library or this SDK), as `method@path` relative to the working
+directory, so it is stable across deploys and line changes.
+
+## Forking servers (Puma, Unicorn)
+
+Threads don't survive `fork`. Visionary hooks `Process._fork` (Ruby 3.1+), so
+when Puma or Unicorn forks workers after the agent started (for example with
+`preload_app!` and an initializer that calls `Visionary.start`), each worker
+restarts its writer, sampler and retention threads with fresh queues and
+connections. If you prefer to be explicit, Puma's hook does the same and is
+safe to combine with it:
+
+```ruby
+# config/puma.rb
+on_worker_boot { Visionary.after_fork }
+on_worker_shutdown { Visionary.close }
+```
+
+Without an explicit start, each worker starts collection on its first
+request, and nothing runs in the master.
+
+## Choosing the database
+
+In this order:
+
+1. `Visionary.config.connection = ActiveRecord::Base` (or any abstract
+   connection class, e.g. one with its own `connects_to` database). Each write
+   checks a connection out of that pool on the background thread and returns
+   it right after; Visionary uses at most one pool connection at a time.
+2. `VISIONARY_DATABASE_URL`: `postgres://` / `postgresql://` (gem `pg`),
+   `mysql://` (gem `mysql2`), `sqlite:///absolute/path.db` or
+   `sqlite://relative.db` (gem `sqlite3`). Visionary opens one connection of
+   its own and reopens it after errors.
+3. Cloudflare D1: `D1_ACCOUNT_ID`, `D1_DATABASE_ID`, `D1_API_TOKEN` (and
+   `D1_API_BASE` for a proxy), or `VISIONARY_DATABASE_URL=d1://` with those.
+
+The tables (`api_logs`, `system_metrics`, `spans`, `errors`, `releases`) are
+created on first use, and tables from older versions gain the newer columns.
+With no database configured, Visionary logs one warning and does nothing.
+
+## System metrics
+
+Every `VISIONARY_SYSTEM_INTERVAL` a sample is written (four per batch). On
+Linux the host and node columns come from `/proc` (CPU split, load, memory,
+swap, disk I/O, network, TCP, processes, context switches) and `df` (disk
+usage). Process CPU comes from `Process.clock_gettime`, GC count and time
+from `GC.stat`, heap from `GC.stat` slot and page counts, threads from
+`/proc/self/status` (else `Thread.list`). Pool columns come from the
+ActiveRecord pool when it exists, or from `c.db_stats = -> { { total:, idle:,
+in_use:, max: } }`. On macOS and Windows most host columns are NULL.
+
+## Configuration
+
+Everything comes from the environment (see the table in
+[`sdks/SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md#environment)); `Visionary.configure` sets the same
+options in code (`c.path_prefix = "/api"`, `c.capture_bodies = false`, ...)
+plus the hooks above. Set it before the first request.
+
+| Variable | Default |
+|---|---|
+| `VISIONARY_DATABASE_URL` | — |
+| `VISIONARY_INSTANCE` | hostname |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_REQUESTS`, `VISIONARY_LOG_BODIES` | `true` |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_PATH_PREFIX` | everything |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_MAX_BODY_BYTES` | `8192` |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS`, `VISIONARY_SYSTEM_RETENTION_DAYS` | `30` (0 keeps forever) |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_REDACT_HEADERS`, `_REDACT_FIELDS`, `_REDACT_REQUEST_FIELDS` | added to the defaults |
+| `VISIONARY_LOG_ERROR_CODE_FIELD`, `_ERROR_KEY_FIELD` | `error.code`, `error.key` |
+| `VISIONARY_SYSTEM_METRICS` | `true` |
+| `VISIONARY_SYSTEM_INTERVAL` | `15s` |
+| `VISIONARY_SERVICE` | NULL |
+| `VISIONARY_RELEASE` | the platform's commit variable, shortened to 12 characters |
+| `VISIONARY_SPANS`, `VISIONARY_ERRORS` | `true` |
+| `VISIONARY_SPAN_THRESHOLD_MS`, `VISIONARY_SPAN_MAX` | `100`, `100` |
+
+Request bodies are captured as the app reads them, so a body the app never
+reads is not stored (its size still is, from `Content-Length`).

data/lib/visionary/agent.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "socket"
+
+module Visionary
+  # Logs to stderr when the app gives no logger (the logger gem leaves the
+  # default gems in Ruby 3.5, so it is not required here).
+  class StderrLogger
+    LEVELS = { debug: 0, info: 1, warn: 2, error: 3 }.freeze
+
+    def initialize(level = :info, io = $stderr)
+      @level = LEVELS.fetch(level)
+      @io = io
+    end
+
+    LEVELS.each do |name, n|
+      define_method(name) do |msg = nil, &block|
+        return if n < @level
+        @io.puts("#{Visionary.timestamp(Time.now)} #{name.upcase} #{msg || block&.call}")
+      rescue IOError
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Runs request logging, telemetry and system metrics for one process. With
+  # no database configured it logs one warning and every call is a no-op; it
+  # never raises into the app once built.
+  class Agent
+    attr_reader :config, :http, :telemetry, :logger, :instance
+
+    def initialize(cfg)
+      @config = cfg
+      @logger = cfg.logger || StderrLogger.new
+      @http = System::HttpCounters.new
+      @closed = false
+      @started = false
+      @lock = Mutex.new
+      @store = open_store(cfg)
+      return unless @store
+
+      @instance = cfg.instance.to_s.empty? ? Socket.gethostname : cfg.instance
+      @schemas = Schemas.new(@store, @logger)
+      if cfg.log_requests || cfg.spans || cfg.errors || cfg.version
+        @writer = Writer.new(cfg, @store, @schemas, @logger)
+      end
+      @telemetry = Telemetry::Recorder.new(cfg, @instance, @writer) if cfg.spans || cfg.errors
+      if cfg.system_metrics && cfg.system_interval.to_f.positive?
+        @system = System::Recorder.new(cfg, @instance, @store, @schemas, @http, @logger)
+      end
+      tables = {}
+      tables["api_logs"] = cfg.log_retention_days if cfg.log_requests
+      if @telemetry
+        tables["spans"] = cfg.log_retention_days
+        tables["errors"] = cfg.log_retention_days
+      end
+      tables["system_metrics"] = cfg.system_retention_days if @system
+      @retention = Retention.new(@store, @logger, tables)
+    end
+
+    def enabled? = !@store.nil? && !@closed && (!@writer.nil? || !@system.nil?)
+
+    def log_path?(path) = @config.log_requests && !@writer.nil? && path.start_with?(@config.path_prefix.to_s)
+
+    # Queues a row for the writer; never blocks.
+    def enqueue(item)
+      @writer&.enqueue(item) unless @closed
+    end
+
+    # The route pattern for a finished request: the app's own resolver,
+    # then what the framework left in the env.
+    def route_for(env)
+      route = @config.route ? System::Sources.quiet { @config.route.call(env) }.to_s : ""
+      route = framework_route(env) if route.empty?
+      route.sub(/\(\.:format\)\z/, "")
+    end
+
+    # Launches the background threads. Tables are created on them, so a slow
+    # or unreachable database never delays startup. Safe to call twice.
+    def start
+      @lock.synchronize do
+        return self if @started || @closed || !enabled?
+        @started = true
+        @pid = Process.pid
+      end
+      @writer&.start
+      if @config.log_requests
+        @logger.info("visionary: logging requests (path_prefix=#{@config.path_prefix.inspect}, " \
+                     "bodies=#{@config.capture_bodies}, retention_days=#{@config.log_retention_days})")
+      end
+      if @system
+        @system.start
+        @logger.info("visionary: recording system metrics every #{@config.system_interval}s as #{@instance}")
+      end
+      @retention.start
+      install_hooks
+      release
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Flushes queued rows and buffered samples, waiting at most timeout
+    # seconds in total.
+    def close(timeout = 10)
+      @lock.synchronize do
+        return if @closed
+        @closed = true
+      end
+      deadline = mono + timeout
+      @retention&.close
+      idle = @writer ? @writer.close(timeout) : true
+      idle = @system.close([deadline - mono, 0].max) && idle if @system
+      @store.close if idle && @store
+    rescue StandardError => e
+      @logger.error("visionary: close failed: #{e.message}")
+    end
+
+    # Threads don't survive fork (Puma and Unicorn workers with preloading):
+    # restart them in the child with fresh queues and connections.
+    def after_fork
+      return unless @started && !@closed && @pid != Process.pid
+      @pid = Process.pid
+      @lock = Mutex.new
+      @http = System::HttpCounters.new
+      @store.after_fork
+      @schemas.after_fork
+      @system&.http = @http
+      @system&.after_fork
+      @writer&.after_fork
+      @retention&.after_fork if @retention&.needed?
+      @logger.info("visionary: restarted in forked process #{@pid}")
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def open_store(cfg)
+      store = Store.open(cfg)
+      unless store
+        @logger.warn("visionary: no database configured (set VISIONARY_DATABASE_URL or D1_*); collection is off")
+      end
+      store
+    rescue StandardError => e
+      @logger.warn("#{e.message}; collection is off")
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def install_hooks
+      return unless @telemetry&.spans_on
+      Telemetry::NetHTTPHook.install
+      Telemetry::ActiveRecordHook.install if defined?(::ActiveRecord::Base) && defined?(::ActiveSupport::Notifications)
+    rescue StandardError => e
+      @logger.warn("visionary: span hooks not installed: #{e.message}")
+    end
+
+    # One deploy marker per process start when the release is known.
+    def release
+      return unless @writer && @config.version
+      @writer.enqueue([:release, [Visionary.timestamp(Time.now), @config.service, @instance, @config.version,
+                                  "ruby", VERSION, Telemetry.runtime]])
+    end
+
+    def framework_route(env)
+      if (p = env["action_dispatch.route_uri_pattern"]) then p.to_s
+      elsif (r = env["sinatra.route"]) then r.to_s.split(" ", 2).last.to_s
+      elsif (info = env["grape.routing_args"]) && info.is_a?(Hash) && info[:route_info].respond_to?(:path)
+        info[:route_info].path.to_s
+      else ""
+      end
+    rescue StandardError
+      ""
+    end
+
+    def mono = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+  end
+end