usher 0.6.8 → 0.7.0

data/spec/rails2_2/vendor/rails/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/request.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+require 'tempfile'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'strscan'
+
+require 'active_support/memoizable'
+
+module ActionController
+  # CgiRequest and TestRequest provide concrete implementations.
+  class AbstractRequest
+    extend ActiveSupport::Memoizable
+
+    def self.relative_url_root=(relative_url_root)
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+        "ActionController::AbstractRequest.relative_url_root= has been renamed." +
+        "You can now set it with config.action_controller.relative_url_root=", caller)
+      ActionController::Base.relative_url_root=relative_url_root
+    end
+
+    HTTP_METHODS = %w(get head put post delete options)
+    HTTP_METHOD_LOOKUP = HTTP_METHODS.inject({}) { |h, m| h[m] = h[m.upcase] = m.to_sym; h }
+
+    # The hash of environment variables for this request,
+    # such as { 'RAILS_ENV' => 'production' }.
+    attr_reader :env
+
+    # The true HTTP request \method as a lowercase symbol, such as <tt>:get</tt>.
+    # UnknownHttpMethod is raised for invalid methods not listed in ACCEPTED_HTTP_METHODS.
+    def request_method
+      method = @env['REQUEST_METHOD']
+      method = parameters[:_method] if method == 'POST' && !parameters[:_method].blank?
+
+      HTTP_METHOD_LOOKUP[method] || raise(UnknownHttpMethod, "#{method}, accepted HTTP methods are #{HTTP_METHODS.to_sentence}")
+    end
+    memoize :request_method
+
+    # The HTTP request \method as a lowercase symbol, such as <tt>:get</tt>.
+    # Note, HEAD is returned as <tt>:get</tt> since the two are functionally
+    # equivalent from the application's perspective.
+    def method
+      request_method == :head ? :get : request_method
+    end
+
+    # Is this a GET (or HEAD) request?  Equivalent to <tt>request.method == :get</tt>.
+    def get?
+      method == :get
+    end
+
+    # Is this a POST request?  Equivalent to <tt>request.method == :post</tt>.
+    def post?
+      request_method == :post
+    end
+
+    # Is this a PUT request?  Equivalent to <tt>request.method == :put</tt>.
+    def put?
+      request_method == :put
+    end
+
+    # Is this a DELETE request?  Equivalent to <tt>request.method == :delete</tt>.
+    def delete?
+      request_method == :delete
+    end
+
+    # Is this a HEAD request? Since <tt>request.method</tt> sees HEAD as <tt>:get</tt>,
+    # this \method checks the actual HTTP \method directly.
+    def head?
+      request_method == :head
+    end
+
+    # Provides access to the request's HTTP headers, for example:
+    #
+    #   request.headers["Content-Type"] # => "text/plain"
+    def headers
+      ActionController::Http::Headers.new(@env)
+    end
+    memoize :headers
+
+    # Returns the content length of the request as an integer.
+    def content_length
+      @env['CONTENT_LENGTH'].to_i
+    end
+    memoize :content_length
+
+    # The MIME type of the HTTP request, such as Mime::XML.
+    #
+    # For backward compatibility, the post \format is extracted from the
+    # X-Post-Data-Format HTTP header if present.
+    def content_type
+      Mime::Type.lookup(content_type_without_parameters)
+    end
+    memoize :content_type
+
+    # Returns the accepted MIME type for the request.
+    def accepts
+      header = @env['HTTP_ACCEPT'].to_s.strip
+
+      if header.empty?
+        [content_type, Mime::ALL].compact
+      else
+        Mime::Type.parse(header)
+      end
+    end
+    memoize :accepts
+
+    def if_modified_since
+      if since = env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
+        Time.rfc2822(since) rescue nil
+      end
+    end
+    memoize :if_modified_since
+
+    def if_none_match
+      env['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']
+    end
+
+    def not_modified?(modified_at)
+      if_modified_since && modified_at && if_modified_since >= modified_at
+    end
+
+    def etag_matches?(etag)
+      if_none_match && if_none_match == etag
+    end
+
+    # Check response freshness (Last-Modified and ETag) against request
+    # If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match conditions. If both headers are
+    # supplied, both must match, or the request is not considered fresh.
+    def fresh?(response)
+      case
+      when if_modified_since && if_none_match 
+        not_modified?(response.last_modified) && etag_matches?(response.etag) 
+      when if_modified_since 
+        not_modified?(response.last_modified) 
+      when if_none_match 
+        etag_matches?(response.etag) 
+      else 
+        false 
+      end 
+    end
+
+    # Returns the Mime type for the \format used in the request.
+    #
+    #   GET /posts/5.xml   | request.format => Mime::XML
+    #   GET /posts/5.xhtml | request.format => Mime::HTML
+    #   GET /posts/5       | request.format => Mime::HTML or MIME::JS, or request.accepts.first depending on the value of <tt>ActionController::Base.use_accept_header</tt>
+    def format
+      @format ||=
+        if parameters[:format]
+          Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension(parameters[:format])
+        elsif ActionController::Base.use_accept_header
+          accepts.first
+        elsif xhr?
+          Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension("js")
+        else
+          Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension("html")
+        end
+    end
+
+
+    # Sets the \format by string extension, which can be used to force custom formats
+    # that are not controlled by the extension.
+    #
+    #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+    #     before_filter :adjust_format_for_iphone
+    #
+    #     private
+    #       def adjust_format_for_iphone
+    #         request.format = :iphone if request.env["HTTP_USER_AGENT"][/iPhone/]
+    #       end
+    #   end
+    def format=(extension)
+      parameters[:format] = extension.to_s
+      @format = Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension(parameters[:format])
+    end
+
+    # Returns a symbolized version of the <tt>:format</tt> parameter of the request.
+    # If no \format is given it returns <tt>:js</tt>for Ajax requests and <tt>:html</tt>
+    # otherwise.
+    def template_format
+      parameter_format = parameters[:format]
+
+      if parameter_format
+        parameter_format
+      elsif xhr?
+        :js
+      else
+        :html
+      end
+    end
+
+    def cache_format
+      parameters[:format]
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the request's "X-Requested-With" header contains
+    # "XMLHttpRequest". (The Prototype Javascript library sends this header with
+    # every Ajax request.)
+    def xml_http_request?
+      !(@env['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] !~ /XMLHttpRequest/i)
+    end
+    alias xhr? :xml_http_request?
+
+    # Which IP addresses are "trusted proxies" that can be stripped from
+    # the right-hand-side of X-Forwarded-For
+    TRUSTED_PROXIES = /^127\.0\.0\.1$|^(10|172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|30|31)|192\.168)\./i
+
+    # Determines originating IP address.  REMOTE_ADDR is the standard
+    # but will fail if the user is behind a proxy.  HTTP_CLIENT_IP and/or
+    # HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR are set by proxies so check for these if
+    # REMOTE_ADDR is a proxy.  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR may be a comma-
+    # delimited list in the case of multiple chained proxies; the last
+    # address which is not trusted is the originating IP.
+    def remote_ip
+      remote_addr_list = @env['REMOTE_ADDR'] && @env['REMOTE_ADDR'].split(',').collect(&:strip)
+
+      unless remote_addr_list.blank?
+        not_trusted_addrs = remote_addr_list.reject {|addr| addr =~ TRUSTED_PROXIES}
+        return not_trusted_addrs.first unless not_trusted_addrs.empty?
+      end
+      remote_ips = @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] && @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].split(',')
+
+      if @env.include? 'HTTP_CLIENT_IP'
+        if remote_ips && !remote_ips.include?(@env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])
+          # We don't know which came from the proxy, and which from the user
+          raise ActionControllerError.new(<<EOM)
+IP spoofing attack?!
+HTTP_CLIENT_IP=#{@env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'].inspect}
+HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR=#{@env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].inspect}
+EOM
+        end
+
+        return @env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']
+      end
+
+      if remote_ips
+        while remote_ips.size > 1 && TRUSTED_PROXIES =~ remote_ips.last.strip
+          remote_ips.pop
+        end
+
+        return remote_ips.last.strip
+      end
+
+      @env['REMOTE_ADDR']
+    end
+    memoize :remote_ip
+
+    # Returns the lowercase name of the HTTP server software.
+    def server_software
+      (@env['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] && /^([a-zA-Z]+)/ =~ @env['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) ? $1.downcase : nil
+    end
+    memoize :server_software
+
+
+    # Returns the complete URL used for this request.
+    def url
+      protocol + host_with_port + request_uri
+    end
+    memoize :url
+
+    # Returns 'https://' if this is an SSL request and 'http://' otherwise.
+    def protocol
+      ssl? ? 'https://' : 'http://'
+    end
+    memoize :protocol
+
+    # Is this an SSL request?
+    def ssl?
+      @env['HTTPS'] == 'on' || @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] == 'https'
+    end
+
+    # Returns the \host for this request, such as "example.com".
+    def raw_host_with_port
+      if forwarded = env["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST"]
+        forwarded.split(/,\s?/).last
+      else
+        env['HTTP_HOST'] || env['SERVER_NAME'] || "#{env['SERVER_ADDR']}:#{env['SERVER_PORT']}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the host for this request, such as example.com.
+    def host
+      raw_host_with_port.sub(/:\d+$/, '')
+    end
+    memoize :host
+
+    # Returns a \host:\port string for this request, such as "example.com" or
+    # "example.com:8080".
+    def host_with_port
+      "#{host}#{port_string}"
+    end
+    memoize :host_with_port
+
+    # Returns the port number of this request as an integer.
+    def port
+      if raw_host_with_port =~ /:(\d+)$/
+        $1.to_i
+      else
+        standard_port
+      end
+    end
+    memoize :port
+
+    # Returns the standard \port number for this request's protocol.
+    def standard_port
+      case protocol
+        when 'https://' then 443
+        else 80
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a \port suffix like ":8080" if the \port number of this request
+    # is not the default HTTP \port 80 or HTTPS \port 443.
+    def port_string
+      port == standard_port ? '' : ":#{port}"
+    end
+
+    # Returns the \domain part of a \host, such as "rubyonrails.org" in "www.rubyonrails.org". You can specify
+    # a different <tt>tld_length</tt>, such as 2 to catch rubyonrails.co.uk in "www.rubyonrails.co.uk".
+    def domain(tld_length = 1)
+      return nil unless named_host?(host)
+
+      host.split('.').last(1 + tld_length).join('.')
+    end
+
+    # Returns all the \subdomains as an array, so <tt>["dev", "www"]</tt> would be
+    # returned for "dev.www.rubyonrails.org". You can specify a different <tt>tld_length</tt>,
+    # such as 2 to catch <tt>["www"]</tt> instead of <tt>["www", "rubyonrails"]</tt>
+    # in "www.rubyonrails.co.uk".
+    def subdomains(tld_length = 1)
+      return [] unless named_host?(host)
+      parts = host.split('.')
+      parts[0..-(tld_length+2)]
+    end
+
+    # Returns the query string, accounting for server idiosyncrasies.
+    def query_string
+      if uri = @env['REQUEST_URI']
+        uri.split('?', 2)[1] || ''
+      else
+        @env['QUERY_STRING'] || ''
+      end
+    end
+    memoize :query_string
+
+    # Returns the request URI, accounting for server idiosyncrasies.
+    # WEBrick includes the full URL. IIS leaves REQUEST_URI blank.
+    def request_uri
+      if uri = @env['REQUEST_URI']
+        # Remove domain, which webrick puts into the request_uri.
+        (%r{^\w+\://[^/]+(/.*|$)$} =~ uri) ? $1 : uri
+      else
+        # Construct IIS missing REQUEST_URI from SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO.
+        uri = @env['PATH_INFO'].to_s
+
+        if script_filename = @env['SCRIPT_NAME'].to_s.match(%r{[^/]+$})
+          uri = uri.sub(/#{script_filename}\//, '')
+        end
+
+        env_qs = @env['QUERY_STRING'].to_s
+        uri += "?#{env_qs}" unless env_qs.empty?
+
+        if uri.blank?
+          @env.delete('REQUEST_URI')
+        else
+          @env['REQUEST_URI'] = uri
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    memoize :request_uri
+
+    # Returns the interpreted \path to requested resource after all the installation
+    # directory of this application was taken into account.
+    def path
+      path = (uri = request_uri) ? uri.split('?').first.to_s : ''
+
+      # Cut off the path to the installation directory if given
+      path.sub!(%r/^#{ActionController::Base.relative_url_root}/, '')
+      path || ''
+    end
+    memoize :path
+
+    # Read the request \body. This is useful for web services that need to
+    # work with raw requests directly.
+    def raw_post
+      unless env.include? 'RAW_POST_DATA'
+        env['RAW_POST_DATA'] = body.read(content_length)
+        body.rewind if body.respond_to?(:rewind)
+      end
+      env['RAW_POST_DATA']
+    end
+
+    # Returns both GET and POST \parameters in a single hash.
+    def parameters
+      @parameters ||= request_parameters.merge(query_parameters).update(path_parameters).with_indifferent_access
+    end
+
+    def path_parameters=(parameters) #:nodoc:
+      @path_parameters = parameters
+      @symbolized_path_parameters = @parameters = nil
+    end
+
+    # The same as <tt>path_parameters</tt> with explicitly symbolized keys.
+    def symbolized_path_parameters
+      @symbolized_path_parameters ||= path_parameters.symbolize_keys
+    end
+
+    # Returns a hash with the \parameters used to form the \path of the request.
+    # Returned hash keys are strings:
+    #
+    #   {'action' => 'my_action', 'controller' => 'my_controller'}
+    #
+    # See <tt>symbolized_path_parameters</tt> for symbolized keys.
+    def path_parameters
+      @path_parameters ||= {}
+    end
+
+    # The request body is an IO input stream. If the RAW_POST_DATA environment
+    # variable is already set, wrap it in a StringIO.
+    def body
+      if raw_post = env['RAW_POST_DATA']
+        raw_post.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if raw_post.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+        StringIO.new(raw_post)
+      else
+        body_stream
+      end
+    end
+
+    def remote_addr
+      @env['REMOTE_ADDR']
+    end
+
+    def referrer
+      @env['HTTP_REFERER']
+    end
+    alias referer referrer
+
+
+    def query_parameters
+      @query_parameters ||= self.class.parse_query_parameters(query_string)
+    end
+
+    def request_parameters
+      @request_parameters ||= parse_formatted_request_parameters
+    end
+
+
+    #--
+    # Must be implemented in the concrete request
+    #++
+
+    def body_stream #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    def cookies #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    def session #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    def session=(session) #:nodoc:
+      @session = session
+    end
+
+    def reset_session #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    protected
+      # The raw content type string. Use when you need parameters such as
+      # charset or boundary which aren't included in the content_type MIME type.
+      # Overridden by the X-POST_DATA_FORMAT header for backward compatibility.
+      def content_type_with_parameters
+        content_type_from_legacy_post_data_format_header ||
+          env['CONTENT_TYPE'].to_s
+      end
+
+      # The raw content type string with its parameters stripped off.
+      def content_type_without_parameters
+        self.class.extract_content_type_without_parameters(content_type_with_parameters)
+      end
+      memoize :content_type_without_parameters
+
+    private
+      def content_type_from_legacy_post_data_format_header
+        if x_post_format = @env['HTTP_X_POST_DATA_FORMAT']
+          case x_post_format.to_s.downcase
+            when 'yaml';  'application/x-yaml'
+            when 'xml';   'application/xml'
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def parse_formatted_request_parameters
+        return {} if content_length.zero?
+
+        content_type, boundary = self.class.extract_multipart_boundary(content_type_with_parameters)
+
+        # Don't parse params for unknown requests.
+        return {} if content_type.blank?
+
+        mime_type = Mime::Type.lookup(content_type)
+        strategy = ActionController::Base.param_parsers[mime_type]
+
+        # Only multipart form parsing expects a stream.
+        body = (strategy && strategy != :multipart_form) ? raw_post : self.body
+
+        case strategy
+          when Proc
+            strategy.call(body)
+          when :url_encoded_form
+            self.class.clean_up_ajax_request_body! body
+            self.class.parse_query_parameters(body)
+          when :multipart_form
+            self.class.parse_multipart_form_parameters(body, boundary, content_length, env)
+          when :xml_simple, :xml_node
+            body.blank? ? {} : Hash.from_xml(body).with_indifferent_access
+          when :yaml
+            YAML.load(body)
+          when :json
+            if body.blank?
+              {}
+            else
+              data = ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(body)
+              data = {:_json => data} unless data.is_a?(Hash)
+              data.with_indifferent_access
+            end
+          else
+            {}
+        end
+      rescue Exception => e # YAML, XML or Ruby code block errors
+        raise
+        { "body" => body,
+          "content_type" => content_type_with_parameters,
+          "content_length" => content_length,
+          "exception" => "#{e.message} (#{e.class})",
+          "backtrace" => e.backtrace }
+      end
+
+      def named_host?(host)
+        !(host.nil? || /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/.match(host))
+      end
+
+    class << self
+      def parse_query_parameters(query_string)
+        return {} if query_string.blank?
+
+        pairs = query_string.split('&').collect do |chunk|
+          next if chunk.empty?
+          key, value = chunk.split('=', 2)
+          next if key.empty?
+          value = value.nil? ? nil : CGI.unescape(value)
+          [ CGI.unescape(key), value ]
+        end.compact
+
+        UrlEncodedPairParser.new(pairs).result
+      end
+
+      def parse_request_parameters(params)
+        parser = UrlEncodedPairParser.new
+
+        params = params.dup
+        until params.empty?
+          for key, value in params
+            if key.blank?
+              params.delete key
+            elsif !key.include?('[')
+              # much faster to test for the most common case first (GET)
+              # and avoid the call to build_deep_hash
+              parser.result[key] = get_typed_value(value[0])
+              params.delete key
+            elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+              parser.parse(key, get_typed_value(value.shift))
+              params.delete key if value.empty?
+            else
+              raise TypeError, "Expected array, found #{value.inspect}"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        parser.result
+      end
+
+      def parse_multipart_form_parameters(body, boundary, body_size, env)
+        parse_request_parameters(read_multipart(body, boundary, body_size, env))
+      end
+
+      def extract_multipart_boundary(content_type_with_parameters)
+        if content_type_with_parameters =~ MULTIPART_BOUNDARY
+          ['multipart/form-data', $1.dup]
+        else
+          extract_content_type_without_parameters(content_type_with_parameters)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def extract_content_type_without_parameters(content_type_with_parameters)
+        $1.strip.downcase if content_type_with_parameters =~ /^([^,\;]*)/
+      end
+
+      def clean_up_ajax_request_body!(body)
+        body.chop! if body[-1] == 0
+        body.gsub!(/&_=$/, '')
+      end
+
+
+      private
+        def get_typed_value(value)
+          case value
+            when String
+              value
+            when NilClass
+              ''
+            when Array
+              value.map { |v| get_typed_value(v) }
+            else
+              if value.respond_to? :original_filename
+                # Uploaded file
+                if value.original_filename
+                  value
+                # Multipart param
+                else
+                  result = value.read
+                  value.rewind
+                  result
+                end
+              # Unknown value, neither string nor multipart.
+              else
+                raise "Unknown form value: #{value.inspect}"
+              end
+          end
+        end
+
+        MULTIPART_BOUNDARY = %r|\Amultipart/form-data.*boundary=\"?([^\";,]+)\"?|n
+
+        EOL = "\015\012"
+
+        def read_multipart(body, boundary, body_size, env)
+          params = Hash.new([])
+          boundary = "--" + boundary
+          quoted_boundary = Regexp.quote(boundary)
+          buf = ""
+          bufsize = 10 * 1024
+          boundary_end=""
+
+          # start multipart/form-data
+          body.binmode if defined? body.binmode
+          case body
+          when File
+            body.set_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if body.respond_to?(:set_encoding)
+          when StringIO
+            body.string.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if body.string.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+          end
+          boundary_size = boundary.size + EOL.size
+          body_size -= boundary_size
+          status = body.read(boundary_size)
+          if nil == status
+            raise EOFError, "no content body"
+          elsif boundary + EOL != status
+            raise EOFError, "bad content body"
+          end
+
+          loop do
+            head = nil
+            content =
+              if 10240 < body_size
+                UploadedTempfile.new("CGI")
+              else
+                UploadedStringIO.new
+              end
+            content.binmode if defined? content.binmode
+
+            until head and /#{quoted_boundary}(?:#{EOL}|--)/n.match(buf)
+
+              if (not head) and /#{EOL}#{EOL}/n.match(buf)
+                buf = buf.sub(/\A((?:.|\n)*?#{EOL})#{EOL}/n) do
+                  head = $1.dup
+                  ""
+                end
+                next
+              end
+
+              if head and ( (EOL + boundary + EOL).size < buf.size )
+                content.print buf[0 ... (buf.size - (EOL + boundary + EOL).size)]
+                buf[0 ... (buf.size - (EOL + boundary + EOL).size)] = ""
+              end
+
+              c = if bufsize < body_size
+                    body.read(bufsize)
+                  else
+                    body.read(body_size)
+                  end
+              if c.nil? || c.empty?
+                raise EOFError, "bad content body"
+              end
+              buf.concat(c)
+              body_size -= c.size
+            end
+
+            buf = buf.sub(/\A((?:.|\n)*?)(?:[\r\n]{1,2})?#{quoted_boundary}([\r\n]{1,2}|--)/n) do
+              content.print $1
+              if "--" == $2
+                body_size = -1
+              end
+              boundary_end = $2.dup
+              ""
+            end
+
+            content.rewind
+
+            head =~ /Content-Disposition:.* filename=(?:"((?:\\.|[^\"])*)"|([^;]*))/ni
+            if filename = $1 || $2
+              if /Mac/ni.match(env['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) and
+                  /Mozilla/ni.match(env['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) and
+                  (not /MSIE/ni.match(env['HTTP_USER_AGENT']))
+                filename = CGI.unescape(filename)
+              end
+              content.original_path = filename.dup
+            end
+
+            head =~ /Content-Type: ([^\r]*)/ni
+            content.content_type = $1.dup if $1
+
+            head =~ /Content-Disposition:.* name="?([^\";]*)"?/ni
+            name = $1.dup if $1
+
+            if params.has_key?(name)
+              params[name].push(content)
+            else
+              params[name] = [content]
+            end
+            break if body_size == -1
+          end
+          raise EOFError, "bad boundary end of body part" unless boundary_end=~/--/
+
+          begin
+            body.rewind if body.respond_to?(:rewind)
+          rescue Errno::ESPIPE
+            # Handles exceptions raised by input streams that cannot be rewound
+            # such as when using plain CGI under Apache
+          end
+
+          params
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UrlEncodedPairParser < StringScanner #:nodoc:
+    attr_reader :top, :parent, :result
+
+    def initialize(pairs = [])
+      super('')
+      @result = {}
+      pairs.each { |key, value| parse(key, value) }
+    end
+
+    KEY_REGEXP = %r{([^\[\]=&]+)}
+    BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP = %r{\[([^\[\]=&]+)\]}
+
+    # Parse the query string
+    def parse(key, value)
+      self.string = key
+      @top, @parent = result, nil
+
+      # First scan the bare key
+      key = scan(KEY_REGEXP) or return
+      key = post_key_check(key)
+
+      # Then scan as many nestings as present
+      until eos?
+        r = scan(BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP) or return
+        key = self[1]
+        key = post_key_check(key)
+      end
+
+      bind(key, value)
+    end
+
+    private
+      # After we see a key, we must look ahead to determine our next action. Cases:
+      #
+      #   [] follows the key. Then the value must be an array.
+      #   = follows the key. (A value comes next)
+      #   & or the end of string follows the key. Then the key is a flag.
+      #   otherwise, a hash follows the key.
+      def post_key_check(key)
+        if scan(/\[\]/) # a[b][] indicates that b is an array
+          container(key, Array)
+          nil
+        elsif check(/\[[^\]]/) # a[b] indicates that a is a hash
+          container(key, Hash)
+          nil
+        else # End of key? We do nothing.
+          key
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Add a container to the stack.
+      def container(key, klass)
+        type_conflict! klass, top[key] if top.is_a?(Hash) && top.key?(key) && ! top[key].is_a?(klass)
+        value = bind(key, klass.new)
+        type_conflict! klass, value unless value.is_a?(klass)
+        push(value)
+      end
+
+      # Push a value onto the 'stack', which is actually only the top 2 items.
+      def push(value)
+        @parent, @top = @top, value
+      end
+
+      # Bind a key (which may be nil for items in an array) to the provided value.
+      def bind(key, value)
+        if top.is_a? Array
+          if key
+            if top[-1].is_a?(Hash) && ! top[-1].key?(key)
+              top[-1][key] = value
+            else
+              top << {key => value}.with_indifferent_access
+              push top.last
+              value = top[key]
+            end
+          else
+            top << value
+          end
+        elsif top.is_a? Hash
+          key = CGI.unescape(key)
+          parent << (@top = {}) if top.key?(key) && parent.is_a?(Array)
+          top[key] ||= value
+          return top[key]
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Don't know what to do: top is #{top.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        return value
+      end
+
+      def type_conflict!(klass, value)
+        raise TypeError, "Conflicting types for parameter containers. Expected an instance of #{klass} but found an instance of #{value.class}. This can be caused by colliding Array and Hash parameters like qs[]=value&qs[key]=value. (The parameters received were #{value.inspect}.)"
+      end
+  end
+
+  module UploadedFile
+    def self.included(base)
+      base.class_eval do
+        attr_accessor :original_path, :content_type
+        alias_method :local_path, :path
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Take the basename of the upload's original filename.
+    # This handles the full Windows paths given by Internet Explorer
+    # (and perhaps other broken user agents) without affecting
+    # those which give the lone filename.
+    # The Windows regexp is adapted from Perl's File::Basename.
+    def original_filename
+      unless defined? @original_filename
+        @original_filename =
+          unless original_path.blank?
+            if original_path =~ /^(?:.*[:\\\/])?(.*)/m
+              $1
+            else
+              File.basename original_path
+            end
+          end
+      end
+      @original_filename
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UploadedStringIO < StringIO
+    include UploadedFile
+  end
+
+  class UploadedTempfile < Tempfile
+    include UploadedFile
+  end
+end