unicorn 5.1.0 → 5.2.0

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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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  #### HTTP PROTOCOL GRAMMAR
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  # line endings
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- CRLF = "\r\n";
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+   CRLF = ("\r\n" | "\n");
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  # character types
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  CTL = (cntrl | 127);
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
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  # Implements a simple DSL for configuring a unicorn server.
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  #
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- # See http://unicorn.bogomips.org/examples/unicorn.conf.rb and
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- # http://unicorn.bogomips.org/examples/unicorn.conf.minimal.rb
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+ # See https://bogomips.org/unicorn/examples/unicorn.conf.rb and
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+ # https://bogomips.org/unicorn/examples/unicorn.conf.minimal.rb
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  # example configuration files. An example config file for use with
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  # nginx is also available at
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- # http://unicorn.bogomips.org/examples/nginx.conf
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+ # https://bogomips.org/unicorn/examples/nginx.conf
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  #
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  # See the link:/TUNING.html document for more information on tuning unicorn.
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  class Unicorn::Configurator
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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  # forked worker children.
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  #
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  # Users do not need to know the internals of this class, but reading the
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- # {source}[http://bogomips.org/unicorn.git/tree/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb]
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+ # {source}[https://bogomips.org/unicorn.git/tree/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb]
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  # is education for programmers wishing to learn how unicorn works.
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  # See Unicorn::Configurator for information on how to configure unicorn.
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  class Unicorn::HttpServer
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@
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  # use Unicorn::OobGC, 2, %r{\A/(?:expensive/foo|more_expensive/foo)}
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  #
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  # Feedback from users of early implementations of this module:
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- # * http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.ruby.unicorn.general/486
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- # * http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.ruby.unicorn.general/596
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+ # * https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/0BFC98E9-072B-47EE-9A70-05478C20141B@lukemelia.com/
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+ # * https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/AANLkTilUbgdyDv9W1bi-s_W6kq9sOhWfmuYkKLoKGOLj@mail.gmail.com/
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+
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  module Unicorn::OobGC
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  # this pretends to be Rack middleware because it used to be
@@ -1 +1 @@
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- Unicorn::Const::UNICORN_VERSION = '5.1.0'
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+ Unicorn::Const::UNICORN_VERSION = '5.2.0'
data/man/man1/unicorn.1 CHANGED
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
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- .TH UNICORN 1 "September 15, 2009" "Unicorn User Manual"
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+ .TH "UNICORN" "1" "September 15, 2009" "Unicorn User Manual" ""
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  .SH NAME
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  .PP
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- unicorn - a rackup-like command to launch the Unicorn HTTP server
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+ unicorn \- a rackup\-like command to launch the Unicorn HTTP server
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  .SH SYNOPSIS
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  .PP
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- unicorn [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-E RACK_ENV] [-D] [RACKUP_FILE]
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+ unicorn [\-c CONFIG_FILE] [\-E RACK_ENV] [\-D] [RACKUP_FILE]
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  .SH DESCRIPTION
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  .PP
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- A rackup(1)-like command to launch Rack applications using Unicorn.
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+ A rackup(1)\-like command to launch Rack applications using Unicorn.
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  It is expected to be started in your application root (APP_ROOT), but
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  the "working_directory" directive may be used in the CONFIG_FILE.
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  .PP
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- While unicorn takes a myriad of command-line options for compatibility
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+ While unicorn takes a myriad of command\-line options for compatibility
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  with ruby(1) and rackup(1), it is recommended to stick to the few
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- command-line options specified in the SYNOPSIS and use the CONFIG_FILE
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+ command\-line options specified in the SYNOPSIS and use the CONFIG_FILE
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  as much as possible.
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  .SH RACKUP FILE
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  .PP
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ This defaults to "config.ru" in APP_ROOT.
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  It should be the same file used by rackup(1) and other Rack launchers,
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  it uses the \f[I]Rack::Builder\f[] DSL.
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  .PP
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- Embedded command-line options are mostly parsed for compatibility with
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+ Embedded command\-line options are mostly parsed for compatibility with
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  rackup(1) but strongly discouraged.
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  .SH UNICORN OPTIONS
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  .TP
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- .B -c, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
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- Path to the Unicorn-specific config file.
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+ .B \-c, \-\-config\-file CONFIG_FILE
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+ Path to the Unicorn\-specific config file.
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  The config file is implemented as a Ruby DSL, so Ruby code may executed.
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  See the RDoc/ri for the \f[I]Unicorn::Configurator\f[] class for the
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  full list of directives available from the DSL.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ output.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -D, --daemonize
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+ .B \-D, \-\-daemonize
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  Run daemonized in the background.
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  The process is detached from the controlling terminal and stdin is
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  redirected to "/dev/null".
@@ -47,134 +47,135 @@ redirected to "/dev/null".
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -E, --env RACK_ENV
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+ .B \-E, \-\-env RACK_ENV
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  Run under the given RACK_ENV.
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  See the RACK ENVIRONMENT section for more details.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -l, --listen ADDRESS
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+ .B \-l, \-\-listen ADDRESS
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  Listens on a given ADDRESS.
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  ADDRESS may be in the form of HOST:PORT or PATH, HOST:PORT is taken to
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  mean a TCP socket and PATH is meant to be a path to a UNIX domain
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  socket.
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  Defaults to "0.0.0.0:8080" (all addresses on TCP port 8080) For
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  production deployments, specifying the "listen" directive in CONFIG_FILE
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- is recommended as it allows fine-tuning of socket options.
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+ is recommended as it allows fine\-tuning of socket options.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -N, --no-default-middleware
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+ .B \-N, \-\-no\-default\-middleware
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  Disables loading middleware implied by RACK_ENV.
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  This bypasses the configuration documented in the RACK ENVIRONMENT
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  section, but still allows RACK_ENV to be used for
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- application/framework-specific purposes.
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+ application/framework\-specific purposes.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .SH RACKUP COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS
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  .TP
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- .B -o, --host HOST
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+ .B \-o, \-\-host HOST
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  Listen on a TCP socket belonging to HOST, default is "0.0.0.0" (all
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  addresses).
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- If specified multiple times on the command-line, only the last-specified
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- value takes effect.
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+ If specified multiple times on the command\-line, only the
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+ last\-specified value takes effect.
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  This option only exists for compatibility with the rackup(1) command,
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- use of "-l"/"--listen" switch is recommended instead.
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+ use of "\-l"/"\-\-listen" switch is recommended instead.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -p, --port PORT
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+ .B \-p, \-\-port PORT
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  Listen on the specified TCP PORT, default is 8080.
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- If specified multiple times on the command-line, only the last-specified
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- value takes effect.
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+ If specified multiple times on the command\-line, only the
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+ last\-specified value takes effect.
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  This option only exists for compatibility with the rackup(1) command,
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- use of "-l"/"--listen" switch is recommended instead.
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+ use of "\-l"/"\-\-listen" switch is recommended instead.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -s, --server SERVER
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- No-op, this exists only for compatibility with rackup(1).
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+ .B \-s, \-\-server SERVER
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+ No\-op, this exists only for compatibility with rackup(1).
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .SH RUBY OPTIONS
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  .TP
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- .B -e, --eval LINE
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+ .B \-e, \-\-eval LINE
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  Evaluate a LINE of Ruby code.
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- This evaluation happens immediately as the command-line is being parsed.
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+ This evaluation happens immediately as the command\-line is being
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+ parsed.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -d, --debug
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+ .B \-d, \-\-debug
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  Turn on debug mode, the $DEBUG variable is set to true.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -w, --warn
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+ .B \-w, \-\-warn
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  Turn on verbose warnings, the $VERBOSE variable is set to true.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -I, --include PATH
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- specify $LOAD_PATH.
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- PATH will be prepended to $LOAD_PATH.
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+ .B \-I, \-\-include PATH
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+ specify
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+ \f[I]L\f[]\f[I]O\f[]\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]D\f[]~\f[I]P\f[]~\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]T\f[]\f[I]H\f[].\f[I]P\f[]\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]T\f[]\f[I]H\f[]\f[I]w\f[]\f[I]i\f[]\f[I]l\f[]\f[I]l\f[]\f[I]b\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]p\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]p\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]n\f[]\f[I]d\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]d\f[]\f[I]t\f[]\f[I]o\f[]LOAD_PATH.
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  The \[aq]:\[aq] character may be used to delimit multiple directories.
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  This directive may be used more than once.
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  Modifications to $LOAD_PATH take place immediately and in the order they
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- were specified on the command-line.
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+ were specified on the command\-line.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -r, --require LIBRARY
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+ .B \-r, \-\-require LIBRARY
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  require a specified LIBRARY before executing the application.
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  The "require" statement will be executed immediately and in the order
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- they were specified on the command-line.
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+ they were specified on the command\-line.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .SH SIGNALS
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  .PP
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  The following UNIX signals may be sent to the master process:
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- HUP - reload config file, app, and gracefully restart all workers
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+ HUP \- reload config file, app, and gracefully restart all workers
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- INT/TERM - quick shutdown, kills all workers immediately
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+ INT/TERM \- quick shutdown, kills all workers immediately
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- QUIT - graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current
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+ QUIT \- graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current
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  request before finishing.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- USR1 - reopen all logs owned by the master and all workers See
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+ USR1 \- reopen all logs owned by the master and all workers See
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  Unicorn::Util.reopen_logs for what is considered a log.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- USR2 - reexecute the running binary.
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+ USR2 \- reexecute the running binary.
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  A separate QUIT should be sent to the original process once the child is
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  verified to be up and running.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- WINCH - gracefully stops workers but keep the master running.
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+ WINCH \- gracefully stops workers but keep the master running.
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  This will only work for daemonized processes.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- TTIN - increment the number of worker processes by one
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+ TTIN \- increment the number of worker processes by one
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- TTOU - decrement the number of worker processes by one
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+ TTOU \- decrement the number of worker processes by one
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  .PP
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- See the SIGNALS (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/SIGNALS.html) document for
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+ See the SIGNALS (https://bogomips.org/unicorn/SIGNALS.html) document for
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  full description of all signals used by Unicorn.
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  .SH RACK ENVIRONMENT
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  .PP
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  Accepted values of RACK_ENV and the middleware they automatically load
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  (outside of RACKUP_FILE) are exactly as those in rackup(1):
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- development - loads Rack::CommonLogger, Rack::ShowExceptions, and
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+ development \- loads Rack::CommonLogger, Rack::ShowExceptions, and
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  Rack::Lint middleware
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- deployment - loads Rack::CommonLogger middleware
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+ deployment \- loads Rack::CommonLogger middleware
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- none - loads no middleware at all, relying entirely on RACKUP_FILE
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+ none \- loads no middleware at all, relying entirely on RACKUP_FILE
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  .PP
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  All unrecognized values for RACK_ENV are assumed to be "none".
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  Production deployments are strongly encouraged to use "deployment" or
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  "none" for maximum performance.
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  .PP
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- As of Unicorn 0.94.0, RACK_ENV is exported as a process-wide environment
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- variable as well.
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+ As of Unicorn 0.94.0, RACK_ENV is exported as a process\-wide
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+ environment variable as well.
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  While not current a part of the Rack specification as of Rack 1.0.1,
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  this has become a de facto standard in the Rack world.
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  .PP
@@ -185,8 +186,8 @@ If needed, they must be individually specified in the RACKUP_FILE, some
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  frameworks do not require them.
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  .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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  .PP
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- The RACK_ENV variable is set by the aforementioned -E switch.
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- All application or library-specific environment variables (e.g.
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+ The RACK_ENV variable is set by the aforementioned \-E switch.
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+ All application or library\-specific environment variables (e.g.
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  TMPDIR) may always be set in the Unicorn CONFIG_FILE in addition to the
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  spawning shell.
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  When transparently upgrading Unicorn, all environment variables set in
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ the old master process are inherited by the new master process.
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  Unicorn only uses (and will overwrite) the UNICORN_FD environment
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  variable internally when doing transparent upgrades.
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  .PP
197
- UNICORN_FD is a comma-delimited list of one or more file descriptors
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+ UNICORN_FD is a comma\-delimited list of one or more file descriptors
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  used to implement USR2 upgrades.
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  Init systems may bind listen sockets itself and spawn unicorn with
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  UNICORN_FD set to the file descriptor numbers of the listen socket(s).
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ the unicorn config file.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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  \f[I]Unicorn::Configurator\f[] ri/RDoc
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- Unicorn RDoc (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/)
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+ Unicorn RDoc (https://bogomips.org/unicorn/)
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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  Rack RDoc (http://www.rubydoc.info/github/rack/rack/)
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  .IP \[bu] 2
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
1
- .TH UNICORN_RAILS 1 "September 17, 2009" "Unicorn User Manual"
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+ .TH "UNICORN_RAILS" "1" "September 17, 2009" "Unicorn User Manual" ""
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  .SH NAME
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3
  .PP
4
- unicorn_rails - unicorn launcher for Rails 1.x and 2.x users
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+ unicorn_rails \- unicorn launcher for Rails 1.x and 2.x users
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  .SH SYNOPSIS
6
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  .PP
7
- unicorn_rails [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-E RAILS_ENV] [-D] [RACKUP_FILE]
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+ unicorn_rails [\-c CONFIG_FILE] [\-E RAILS_ENV] [\-D] [RACKUP_FILE]
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  .SH DESCRIPTION
9
9
  .PP
10
- A rackup(1)-like command to launch Rails applications using Unicorn.
10
+ A rackup(1)\-like command to launch Rails applications using Unicorn.
11
11
  It is expected to be started in your Rails application root
12
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  (RAILS_ROOT), but the "working_directory" directive may be used in the
13
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  CONFIG_FILE.
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ The outward interface resembles rackup(1), the internals and default
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  middleware loading is designed like the \f[C]script/server\f[] command
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  distributed with Rails.
25
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  .PP
26
- While Unicorn takes a myriad of command-line options for compatibility
26
+ While Unicorn takes a myriad of command\-line options for compatibility
27
27
  with ruby(1) and rackup(1), it is recommended to stick to the few
28
- command-line options specified in the SYNOPSIS and use the CONFIG_FILE
28
+ command\-line options specified in the SYNOPSIS and use the CONFIG_FILE
29
29
  as much as possible.
30
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  .SH UNICORN OPTIONS
31
31
  .TP
32
- .B -c, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
33
- Path to the Unicorn-specific config file.
32
+ .B \-c, \-\-config\-file CONFIG_FILE
33
+ Path to the Unicorn\-specific config file.
34
34
  The config file is implemented as a Ruby DSL, so Ruby code may executed.
35
35
  See the RDoc/ri for the \f[I]Unicorn::Configurator\f[] class for the
36
36
  full list of directives available from the DSL.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ output.
40
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  .RS
41
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  .RE
42
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  .TP
43
- .B -D, --daemonize
43
+ .B \-D, \-\-daemonize
44
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  Run daemonized in the background.
45
45
  The process is detached from the controlling terminal and stdin is
46
46
  redirected to "/dev/null".
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Unicorn config file.
57
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  .RS
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58
  .RE
59
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  .TP
60
- .B -E, --env RAILS_ENV
60
+ .B \-E, \-\-env RAILS_ENV
61
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  Run under the given RAILS_ENV.
62
62
  This sets the RAILS_ENV environment variable.
63
63
  Acceptable values are exactly those you expect in your Rails
@@ -65,38 +65,38 @@ application, typically "development" or "production".
65
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  .RS
66
66
  .RE
67
67
  .TP
68
- .B -l, --listen ADDRESS
68
+ .B \-l, \-\-listen ADDRESS
69
69
  Listens on a given ADDRESS.
70
70
  ADDRESS may be in the form of HOST:PORT or PATH, HOST:PORT is taken to
71
71
  mean a TCP socket and PATH is meant to be a path to a UNIX domain
72
72
  socket.
73
73
  Defaults to "0.0.0.0:8080" (all addresses on TCP port 8080).
74
74
  For production deployments, specifying the "listen" directive in
75
- CONFIG_FILE is recommended as it allows fine-tuning of socket options.
75
+ CONFIG_FILE is recommended as it allows fine\-tuning of socket options.
76
76
  .RS
77
77
  .RE
78
78
  .SH RACKUP COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS
79
79
  .TP
80
- .B -o, --host HOST
80
+ .B \-o, \-\-host HOST
81
81
  Listen on a TCP socket belonging to HOST, default is "0.0.0.0" (all
82
82
  addresses).
83
- If specified multiple times on the command-line, only the last-specified
84
- value takes effect.
83
+ If specified multiple times on the command\-line, only the
84
+ last\-specified value takes effect.
85
85
  This option only exists for compatibility with the rackup(1) command,
86
- use of "-l"/"--listen" switch is recommended instead.
86
+ use of "\-l"/"\-\-listen" switch is recommended instead.
87
87
  .RS
88
88
  .RE
89
89
  .TP
90
- .B -p, --port PORT
90
+ .B \-p, \-\-port PORT
91
91
  Listen on the specified TCP PORT, default is 8080.
92
- If specified multiple times on the command-line, only the last-specified
93
- value takes effect.
92
+ If specified multiple times on the command\-line, only the
93
+ last\-specified value takes effect.
94
94
  This option only exists for compatibility with the rackup(1) command,
95
- use of "-l"/"--listen" switch is recommended instead.
95
+ use of "\-l"/"\-\-listen" switch is recommended instead.
96
96
  .RS
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97
  .RE
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98
  .TP
99
- .B --path PATH
99
+ .B \-\-path PATH
100
100
  Mounts the Rails application at the given PATH (instead of "/").
101
101
  This is equivalent to setting the RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT environment
102
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  variable.
@@ -105,38 +105,39 @@ This is only supported under Rails 2.3 or later at the moment.
105
105
  .RE
106
106
  .SH RUBY OPTIONS
107
107
  .TP
108
- .B -e, --eval LINE
108
+ .B \-e, \-\-eval LINE
109
109
  Evaluate a LINE of Ruby code.
110
- This evaluation happens immediately as the command-line is being parsed.
110
+ This evaluation happens immediately as the command\-line is being
111
+ parsed.
111
112
  .RS
112
113
  .RE
113
114
  .TP
114
- .B -d, --debug
115
+ .B \-d, \-\-debug
115
116
  Turn on debug mode, the $DEBUG variable is set to true.
116
117
  For Rails >= 2.3.x, this loads the \f[I]Rails::Rack::Debugger\f[]
117
118
  middleware.
118
119
  .RS
119
120
  .RE
120
121
  .TP
121
- .B -w, --warn
122
+ .B \-w, \-\-warn
122
123
  Turn on verbose warnings, the $VERBOSE variable is set to true.
123
124
  .RS
124
125
  .RE
125
126
  .TP
126
- .B -I, --include PATH
127
- specify $LOAD_PATH.
128
- PATH will be prepended to $LOAD_PATH.
127
+ .B \-I, \-\-include PATH
128
+ specify
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+ \f[I]L\f[]\f[I]O\f[]\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]D\f[]~\f[I]P\f[]~\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]T\f[]\f[I]H\f[].\f[I]P\f[]\f[I]A\f[]\f[I]T\f[]\f[I]H\f[]\f[I]w\f[]\f[I]i\f[]\f[I]l\f[]\f[I]l\f[]\f[I]b\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]p\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]p\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]n\f[]\f[I]d\f[]\f[I]e\f[]\f[I]d\f[]\f[I]t\f[]\f[I]o\f[]LOAD_PATH.
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  The \[aq]:\[aq] character may be used to delimit multiple directories.
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  This directive may be used more than once.
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  Modifications to $LOAD_PATH take place immediately and in the order they
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- were specified on the command-line.
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+ were specified on the command\-line.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .TP
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- .B -r, --require LIBRARY
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+ .B \-r, \-\-require LIBRARY
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  require a specified LIBRARY before executing the application.
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  The "require" statement will be executed immediately and in the order
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- they were specified on the command-line.
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+ they were specified on the command\-line.
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  .RS
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  .RE
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  .SH RACKUP FILE
@@ -148,15 +149,16 @@ Unlike many other Rack applications, RACKUP_FILE is completely
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  \f[I]optional\f[] for Rails, but may be used to disable some of the
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  default middleware for performance.
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  .PP
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- Embedded command-line options are mostly parsed for compatibility with
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+ Embedded command\-line options are mostly parsed for compatibility with
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  rackup(1) but strongly discouraged.
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  .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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  .PP
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- The RAILS_ENV variable is set by the aforementioned -E switch.
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- The RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT is set by the aforementioned --path switch.
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+ The RAILS_ENV variable is set by the aforementioned \-E switch.
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+ The RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT is set by the aforementioned \-\-path
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+ switch.
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  Either of these variables may also be set in the shell or the Unicorn
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  CONFIG_FILE.
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- All application or library-specific environment variables (e.g.
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+ All application or library\-specific environment variables (e.g.
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  TMPDIR, RAILS_ASSET_ID) may always be set in the Unicorn CONFIG_FILE in
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  addition to the spawning shell.
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  When transparently upgrading Unicorn, all environment variables set in
@@ -167,28 +169,28 @@ variable internally when doing transparent upgrades.
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  .PP
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  The following UNIX signals may be sent to the master process:
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- HUP - reload config file, app, and gracefully restart all workers
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+ HUP \- reload config file, app, and gracefully restart all workers
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  .IP \[bu] 2
172
- INT/TERM - quick shutdown, kills all workers immediately
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+ INT/TERM \- quick shutdown, kills all workers immediately
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- QUIT - graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current
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+ QUIT \- graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current
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  request before finishing.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- USR1 - reopen all logs owned by the master and all workers See
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+ USR1 \- reopen all logs owned by the master and all workers See
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  Unicorn::Util.reopen_logs for what is considered a log.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- USR2 - reexecute the running binary.
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+ USR2 \- reexecute the running binary.
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  A separate QUIT should be sent to the original process once the child is
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  verified to be up and running.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- WINCH - gracefully stops workers but keep the master running.
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+ WINCH \- gracefully stops workers but keep the master running.
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  This will only work for daemonized processes.
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- TTIN - increment the number of worker processes by one
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+ TTIN \- increment the number of worker processes by one
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  .IP \[bu] 2
189
- TTOU - decrement the number of worker processes by one
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+ TTOU \- decrement the number of worker processes by one
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  .PP
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- See the SIGNALS (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/SIGNALS.html) document for
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+ See the SIGNALS (https://bogomips.org/unicorn/SIGNALS.html) document for
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  full description of all signals used by Unicorn.
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  .SH SEE ALSO
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  .IP \[bu] 2
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ unicorn(1)
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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  \f[I]Unicorn::Configurator\f[] ri/RDoc
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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- Unicorn RDoc (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/)
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+ Unicorn RDoc (https://bogomips.org/unicorn/)
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  .IP \[bu] 2
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  Rack RDoc (http://www.rubydoc.info/github/rack/rack/)
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  .IP \[bu] 2