unicorn-fork 6.1.1

data/t/.gitignore

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+/random_blob
+/.dep+*
+/*.crt
+/*.key

data/t/GNUmakefile

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+# there used to be more, here, but we stopped relying on recursive make
+all::
+	$(MAKE) -C .. test-integration
+
+.PHONY: all

data/t/README

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+= Unicorn integration test suite
+
+These are all integration tests that start the server on random, unused
+TCP ports or Unix domain sockets.  They're all designed to run
+concurrently with other tests to minimize test time, but tests may be
+run independently as well.
+
+New tests are written in Perl 5 because we need a stable language
+to test real-world behavior and Ruby introduces incompatibilities
+at a far faster rate than Perl 5.  Perl is Ruby's older cousin, so
+it should be easy-to-learn for Rubyists.
+
+Old tests are in Bourne shell and slowly being ported to Perl 5.
+
+== Requirements
+
+* {Ruby 2.5.0+}[https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/]
+* {Perl 5.14+}[https://www.perl.org/] # your distro should have it
+* {GNU make}[https://www.gnu.org/software/make/]
+* {curl}[https://curl.haxx.se/]
+
+We do not use bashisms or any non-portable, non-POSIX constructs
+in our shell code.  We use the "pipefail" option if available and
+mainly test with {ksh}[http://kornshell.com/], but occasionally
+with {dash}[http://gondor.apana.org.au/~herbert/dash/] and
+{bash}[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/], too.
+
+== Running Tests
+
+To run the entire test suite with 8 tests running at once:
+
+  make -j8 && prove -vw
+
+To run one individual test (Perl5):
+
+  prove -vw t/integration.t
+
+To run one individual test (shell):
+
+  make t0000-simple-http.sh
+
+You may also increase verbosity by setting the "V" variable for
+GNU make.  To disable trapping of stdout/stderr:
+
+  make V=1
+
+To enable the "set -x" option in shell scripts to trace execution
+
+  make V=2

data/t/active-unix-socket.t

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+#!perl -w
+# Copyright (C) unicorn hackers <unicorn-public@yhbt.net>
+# License: GPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>
+
+use v5.14; BEGIN { require './t/lib.perl' };
+use IO::Socket::UNIX;
+use autodie;
+no autodie 'kill';
+my %to_kill;
+END { kill('TERM', values(%to_kill)) if keys %to_kill }
+my $u1 = "$tmpdir/u1.sock";
+my $u2 = "$tmpdir/u2.sock";
+{
+	write_file '>', "$tmpdir/u1.conf.rb", <<EOM;
+pid "$tmpdir/u.pid"
+listen "$u1"
+stderr_path "$err_log"
+EOM
+	write_file '>', "$tmpdir/u2.conf.rb", <<EOM;
+pid "$tmpdir/u.pid"
+listen "$u2"
+stderr_path "$tmpdir/err2.log"
+EOM
+
+	write_file '>', "$tmpdir/u3.conf.rb", <<EOM;
+pid "$tmpdir/u3.pid"
+listen "$u1"
+stderr_path "$tmpdir/err3.log"
+EOM
+}
+
+my @uarg = qw(-D -E none t/integration.ru);
+
+# this pipe will be used to notify us when all daemons die:
+pipe(my $p0, my $p1);
+fcntl($p1, POSIX::F_SETFD, 0);
+
+# start the first instance
+unicorn('-c', "$tmpdir/u1.conf.rb", @uarg)->join;
+is($?, 0, 'daemonized 1st process');
+chomp($to_kill{u1} = slurp("$tmpdir/u.pid"));
+like($to_kill{u1}, qr/\A\d+\z/s, 'read pid file');
+
+chomp(my $worker_pid = readline(unix_start($u1, 'GET /pid')));
+like($worker_pid, qr/\A\d+\z/s, 'captured worker pid');
+ok(kill(0, $worker_pid), 'worker is kill-able');
+
+
+# 2nd process conflicts on PID
+unicorn('-c', "$tmpdir/u2.conf.rb", @uarg)->join;
+isnt($?, 0, 'conflicting PID file fails to start');
+
+chomp(my $pidf = slurp("$tmpdir/u.pid"));
+is($pidf, $to_kill{u1}, 'pid file contents unchanged after start failure');
+
+chomp(my $pid2 = readline(unix_start($u1, 'GET /pid')));
+is($worker_pid, $pid2, 'worker PID unchanged');
+
+
+# 3rd process conflicts on socket
+unicorn('-c', "$tmpdir/u3.conf.rb", @uarg)->join;
+isnt($?, 0, 'conflicting UNIX socket fails to start');
+
+chomp($pid2 = readline(unix_start($u1, 'GET /pid')));
+is($worker_pid, $pid2, 'worker PID still unchanged');
+
+chomp($pidf = slurp("$tmpdir/u.pid"));
+is($pidf, $to_kill{u1}, 'pid file contents unchanged after 2nd start failure');
+
+{ # teardown initial process via SIGKILL
+	ok(kill('KILL', delete $to_kill{u1}), 'SIGKILL initial daemon');
+	close $p1;
+	vec(my $rvec = '', fileno($p0), 1) = 1;
+	is(select($rvec, undef, undef, 5), 1, 'timeout for pipe HUP');
+	is(my $undef = <$p0>, undef, 'process closed pipe writer at exit');
+	ok(-f "$tmpdir/u.pid", 'pid file stayed after SIGKILL');
+	ok(-S $u1, 'socket stayed after SIGKILL');
+	is(IO::Socket::UNIX->new(Peer => $u1, Type => SOCK_STREAM), undef,
+		'fail to connect to u1');
+	for (1..50) { # wait for init process to reap worker
+		kill(0, $worker_pid) or last;
+		sleep 0.011;
+	}
+	ok(!kill(0, $worker_pid), 'worker gone after parent dies');
+}
+
+# restart the first instance
+{
+	pipe($p0, $p1);
+	fcntl($p1, POSIX::F_SETFD, 0);
+	unicorn('-c', "$tmpdir/u1.conf.rb", @uarg)->join;
+	is($?, 0, 'daemonized 1st process');
+	chomp($to_kill{u1} = slurp("$tmpdir/u.pid"));
+	like($to_kill{u1}, qr/\A\d+\z/s, 'read pid file');
+
+	chomp($pid2 = readline(unix_start($u1, 'GET /pid')));
+	like($pid2, qr/\A\d+\z/, 'worker running');
+
+	ok(kill('TERM', delete $to_kill{u1}), 'SIGTERM restarted daemon');
+	close $p1;
+	vec(my $rvec = '', fileno($p0), 1) = 1;
+	is(select($rvec, undef, undef, 5), 1, 'timeout for pipe HUP');
+	is(my $undef = <$p0>, undef, 'process closed pipe writer at exit');
+	ok(!-f "$tmpdir/u.pid", 'pid file gone after SIGTERM');
+	ok(-S $u1, 'socket stays after SIGTERM');
+}
+
+check_stderr;
+undef $tmpdir;
+done_testing;

data/t/back-out-of-upgrade.t

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+#!perl -w
+# Copyright (C) unicorn hackers <unicorn-public@yhbt.net>
+# License: GPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>
+# test backing out of USR2 upgrade
+use v5.14; BEGIN { require './t/lib.perl' };
+use autodie;
+my $srv = tcp_server();
+mkfifo_die $fifo;
+write_file '>', $u_conf, <<EOM;
+preload_app true
+stderr_path "$err_log"
+pid "$pid_file"
+after_fork { |s,w| File.open('$fifo', 'w') { |fp| fp.write "pid=#\$\$" } }
+EOM
+my $ar = unicorn(qw(-E none t/pid.ru -c), $u_conf, { 3 => $srv });
+
+like(my $wpid_orig_1 = slurp($fifo), qr/\Apid=\d+\z/a, 'got worker pid');
+
+ok $ar->do_kill('USR2'), 'USR2 to start upgrade';
+ok $ar->do_kill('WINCH'), 'drop old worker';
+
+like(my $wpid_new = slurp($fifo), qr/\Apid=\d+\z/a, 'got pid from new master');
+chomp(my $new_pid = slurp($pid_file));
+isnt $new_pid, $ar->{pid}, 'PID file changed';
+chomp(my $pid_oldbin = slurp("$pid_file.oldbin"));
+is $pid_oldbin, $ar->{pid}, '.oldbin PID valid';
+
+ok $ar->do_kill('HUP'), 'HUP old master';
+like(my $wpid_orig_2 = slurp($fifo), qr/\Apid=\d+\z/a, 'got worker new pid');
+ok kill('QUIT', $new_pid), 'abort old master';
+kill_until_dead $new_pid;
+
+my ($st, $hdr, $req_pid) = do_req $srv, 'GET /';
+chomp $req_pid;
+is $wpid_orig_2, "pid=$req_pid", 'new worker on old worker serves';
+
+ok !-f "$pid_file.oldbin", '.oldbin PID file gone';
+chomp(my $old_pid = slurp($pid_file));
+is $old_pid, $ar->{pid}, 'PID file restored';
+
+my @log = grep !/ERROR -- : reaped .*? exec\(\)-ed/, slurp($err_log);
+check_stderr @log;
+undef $tmpdir;
+done_testing;

data/t/bin/unused_listen

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# -*- encoding: binary -*-
+# this is to remain compatible with the unused_port function in the
+# Unicorn test/test_helper.rb file
+require 'socket'
+require 'tmpdir'
+
+default_port = 8080
+addr = ENV['UNICORN_TEST_ADDR'] || '127.0.0.1'
+retries = 100
+base = 5000
+port = sock = lock_path = nil
+
+begin
+  begin
+    port = base + rand(32768 - base)
+    while port == default_port
+      port = base + rand(32768 - base)
+    end
+
+    sock = Socket.new(Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+    sock.bind(Socket.pack_sockaddr_in(port, addr))
+    sock.listen(5)
+  rescue Errno::EADDRINUSE, Errno::EACCES
+    sock.close rescue nil
+    retry if (retries -= 1) >= 0
+  end
+
+  # since we'll end up closing the random port we just got, there's a race
+  # condition could allow the random port we just chose to reselect itself
+  # when running tests in parallel with gmake.  Create a lock file while
+  # we have the port here to ensure that does not happen.
+  lock_path = "#{Dir::tmpdir}/unicorn_test.#{addr}:#{port}.lock"
+  lock = File.open(lock_path, File::WRONLY|File::CREAT|File::EXCL, 0600)
+rescue Errno::EEXIST
+  sock.close rescue nil
+  retry
+end
+sock.close rescue nil
+puts %Q(listen=#{addr}:#{port} T_RM_LIST="$T_RM_LIST #{lock_path}")

data/t/client_body_buffer_size.ru

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+#\ -E none
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+app = lambda do |env|
+  input = env['rack.input']
+  case env["PATH_INFO"]
+  when "/tmp_class"
+    body = input.instance_variable_get(:@tmp).class.name
+  when "/input_class"
+    body = input.class.name
+  else
+    return [ 500, {}, [] ]
+  end
+  [ 200, {}, [ body ] ]
+end
+run app

data/t/client_body_buffer_size.t

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!perl -w
+# Copyright (C) unicorn hackers <unicorn-public@yhbt.net>
+# License: GPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>
+
+use v5.14; BEGIN { require './t/lib.perl' };
+use autodie;
+my $conf_fh = write_file '>', $u_conf, <<EOM;
+client_body_buffer_size 0
+EOM
+$conf_fh->autoflush(1);
+my $srv = tcp_server();
+my $host_port = tcp_host_port($srv);
+my @uarg = (qw(-E none t/client_body_buffer_size.ru -c), $u_conf);
+my $ar = unicorn(@uarg, { 3 => $srv });
+my ($c, $status, $hdr);
+my $mem_class = 'StringIO';
+my $fs_class = 'Unicorn::TmpIO';
+
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /input_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: 0");
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $mem_class, 'zero-byte file is StringIO');
+
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /tmp_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: 1");
+print $c '.';
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $fs_class, '1 byte file is filesystem-backed');
+
+
+my $fifo = "$tmpdir/fifo";
+POSIX::mkfifo($fifo, 0600) or die "mkfifo: $!";
+seek($conf_fh, 0, SEEK_SET);
+truncate($conf_fh, 0);
+print $conf_fh <<EOM;
+after_fork { |_,_| File.open('$fifo', 'w') { |fp| fp.write "pid=#\$\$" } }
+EOM
+$ar->do_kill('HUP');
+open my $fifo_fh, '<', $fifo;
+like(my $wpid = readline($fifo_fh), qr/\Apid=\d+\z/a ,
+	'reloaded w/ default client_body_buffer_size');
+
+
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /tmp_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: 1");
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $mem_class, 'class for a 1 byte file is memory-backed');
+
+
+my $one_meg = 1024 ** 2;
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /tmp_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: $one_meg");
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $fs_class, '1 megabyte file is FS-backed');
+
+# reload with bigger client_body_buffer_size
+say $conf_fh "client_body_buffer_size $one_meg";
+$ar->do_kill('HUP');
+open $fifo_fh, '<', $fifo;
+like($wpid = readline($fifo_fh), qr/\Apid=\d+\z/a ,
+	'reloaded w/ bigger client_body_buffer_size');
+
+
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /tmp_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: $one_meg");
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $mem_class, '1 megabyte file is now memory-backed');
+
+my $too_big = $one_meg + 1;
+$c = tcp_start($srv, "PUT /tmp_class HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: $too_big");
+($status, $hdr) = slurp_hdr($c);
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'status line valid');
+is(readline($c), $fs_class, '1 megabyte + 1 byte file is FS-backed');
+
+
+undef $ar;
+check_stderr;
+undef $tmpdir;
+done_testing;

data/t/detach.ru

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+# frozen_string_literal: false
+use Rack::ContentType, "text/plain"
+fifo_path = ENV["TEST_FIFO"] or abort "TEST_FIFO not set"
+run lambda { |env|
+  pid = fork do
+    File.open(fifo_path, "wb") do |fp|
+      fp.write "HIHI"
+    end
+  end
+  Process.detach(pid)
+  [ 200, {}, [ pid.to_s ] ]
+}

data/t/env.ru

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+# frozen_string_literal: false
+use Rack::ContentLength
+use Rack::ContentType, "text/plain"
+run lambda { |env| [ 200, {}, [ env.inspect << "\n" ] ] }

data/t/fails-rack-lint.ru

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+# frozen_string_literal: false
+# This rack app returns an invalid status code, which will cause
+# Rack::Lint to throw an exception if it is present.  This
+# is used to check whether Rack::Lint is in the stack or not.
+
+run lambda {|env| return [42, {}, ["Rack::Lint wasn't there if you see this"]]}

data/t/heartbeat-timeout.ru

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+# frozen_string_literal: false
+use Rack::ContentLength
+headers = { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }
+run lambda { |env|
+  case env['PATH_INFO']
+  when "/block-forever"
+    Process.kill(:STOP, $$)
+    sleep # in case STOP signal is not received in time
+    [ 500, headers, [ "Should never get here\n" ] ]
+  else
+    [ 200, headers, [ "#$$" ] ]
+  end
+}

data/t/heartbeat-timeout.t

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!perl -w
+# Copyright (C) unicorn hackers <unicorn-public@yhbt.net>
+# License: GPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>
+use v5.14; BEGIN { require './t/lib.perl' };
+use autodie;
+use Time::HiRes qw(clock_gettime CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+mkdir "$tmpdir/alt";
+my $srv = tcp_server();
+write_file '>', $u_conf, <<EOM;
+pid "$tmpdir/pid"
+preload_app true
+stderr_path "$err_log"
+timeout 3 # WORST FEATURE EVER
+EOM
+
+my $ar = unicorn(qw(-E none t/heartbeat-timeout.ru -c), $u_conf, { 3 => $srv });
+
+my ($status, $hdr, $wpid) = do_req($srv, 'GET /pid HTTP/1.0');
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'PID request succeeds');
+like($wpid, qr/\A[0-9]+\z/, 'worker is running');
+
+my $t0 = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+my $c = tcp_start($srv, 'GET /block-forever HTTP/1.0');
+vec(my $rvec = '', fileno($c), 1) = 1;
+is(select($rvec, undef, undef, 6), 1, 'got readiness');
+$c->blocking(0);
+is(sysread($c, my $buf, 128), 0, 'got EOF response');
+my $elapsed = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - $t0;
+ok($elapsed > 3, 'timeout took >3s');
+
+my @timeout_err = slurp($err_log);
+truncate($err_log, 0);
+is(grep(/timeout \(\d+s > 3s\), killing/, @timeout_err), 1,
+    'noted timeout error') or diag explain(\@timeout_err);
+
+# did it respawn?
+($status, $hdr, my $new_pid) = do_req($srv, 'GET /pid HTTP/1.0');
+like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!, 'PID request succeeds');
+isnt($new_pid, $wpid, 'spawned new worker');
+
+diag 'SIGSTOP for 4 seconds...';
+$ar->do_kill('STOP');
+sleep 4;
+$ar->do_kill('CONT');
+for my $i (1..2) {
+	($status, $hdr, my $spid) = do_req($srv, 'GET /pid HTTP/1.0');
+	like($status, qr!\AHTTP/1\.[01] 200\b!,
+		"PID request succeeds #$i after STOP+CONT");
+	is($new_pid, $spid, "worker pid unchanged after STOP+CONT #$i");
+	if ($i == 1) {
+		diag 'sleeping 2s to ensure timeout is not delayed';
+		sleep 2;
+	}
+}
+
+$ar->join('TERM');
+check_stderr;
+undef $tmpdir;
+
+done_testing;

data/t/integration.ru

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#!ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+# Copyright (C) unicorn hackers <unicorn-public@80x24.org>
+# License: GPL-3.0+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>
+
+# this goes for t/integration.t  We'll try to put as many tests
+# in here as possible to avoid startup overhead of Ruby.
+
+def early_hints(env, val)
+  env['rack.early_hints'].call('link' => val) # val may be ary or string
+  [ 200, {}, [ val.class.to_s ] ]
+end
+
+$orig_rack_200 = nil
+def tweak_status_code
+  $orig_rack_200 = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[200]
+  Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[200] = "HI"
+  [ 200, {}, [] ]
+end
+
+def restore_status_code
+  $orig_rack_200 or return [ 500, {}, [] ]
+  Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[200] = $orig_rack_200
+  [ 200, {}, [] ]
+end
+
+class WriteOnClose
+  def each(&block)
+    @callback = block
+  end
+
+  def close
+    @callback.call "7\r\nGoodbye\r\n0\r\n\r\n"
+  end
+end
+
+def write_on_close
+  [ 200, { 'transfer-encoding' => 'chunked' }, WriteOnClose.new ]
+end
+
+def env_dump(env, dump_body = false)
+  require 'json'
+  h = {}
+  env.each do |k,v|
+    case v
+    when String, Integer, true, false; h[k] = v
+    else
+      case k
+      when 'rack.version', 'rack.after_reply'; h[k] = v
+      when 'rack.input'; h[k] = v.class.to_s
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  h['unicorn_test.body'] = env['rack.input'].read if dump_body
+  h.to_json
+end
+
+def rack_input_tests(env)
+  return [ 100, {}, [] ] if /\A100-continue\z/i =~ env['HTTP_EXPECT']
+  cap = 16384
+  require 'digest/md5'
+  dig = Digest::MD5.new
+  input = env['rack.input']
+  case env['PATH_INFO']
+  when '/rack_input/size_first'; input.size
+  when '/rack_input/rewind_first'; input.rewind
+  when '/rack_input'; # OK
+  else
+    abort "bad path: #{env['PATH_INFO']}"
+  end
+  if buf = input.read(rand(cap))
+    begin
+      raise "#{buf.size} > #{cap}" if buf.size > cap
+      dig.update(buf)
+    end while input.read(rand(cap), buf)
+    buf.clear # remove this call if Ruby ever gets escape analysis
+  end
+  h = { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }
+  if env['HTTP_TRAILER'] =~ /\bContent-MD5\b/i
+    cmd5_b64 = env['HTTP_CONTENT_MD5'] or return [500, {}, ['No Content-MD5']]
+    cmd5_bin = cmd5_b64.unpack('m')[0]
+    if cmd5_bin != dig.digest
+      h['content-length'] = cmd5_b64.size.to_s
+      return [ 500, h, [ cmd5_b64 ] ]
+    end
+  end
+  h['content-length'] = '32'
+  [ 200, h, [ dig.hexdigest ] ]
+end
+
+$nr_aborts = 0
+run(lambda do |env|
+  case env['REQUEST_METHOD']
+  when 'GET'
+    case env['PATH_INFO']
+    when '/rack-2-newline-headers'; [ 200, { 'X-R2' => "a\nb\nc" }, [] ]
+    when '/rack-3-array-headers'; [ 200, { 'x-r3' => %w(a b c) }, [] ]
+    when '/nil-header-value'; [ 200, { 'X-Nil' => nil }, [] ]
+    when '/unknown-status-pass-through'; [ '666 I AM THE BEAST', {}, [] ]
+    when '/env_dump'; [ 200, {}, [ env_dump(env) ] ]
+    when '/write_on_close'; write_on_close
+    when '/pid'; [ 200, {}, [ "#$$\n" ] ]
+    when '/early_hints_rack2'; early_hints(env, "r\n2")
+    when '/early_hints_rack3'; early_hints(env, %w(r 3))
+    when '/broken_app'; raise RuntimeError, 'hello'
+    when '/aborted'; $nr_aborts += 1; [ 200, {}, [] ]
+    when '/nr_aborts'; [ 200, { 'nr-aborts' => "#$nr_aborts" }, [] ]
+    when '/nil'; nil
+    when '/read_fifo'; [ 200, {}, [ File.read(env['HTTP_READ_FIFO']) ] ]
+    else '/'; [ 200, {}, [ env_dump(env) ] ]
+    end # case PATH_INFO (GET)
+  when 'POST'
+    case env['PATH_INFO']
+    when '/tweak-status-code'; tweak_status_code
+    when '/restore-status-code'; restore_status_code
+    when '/env_dump'; [ 200, {}, [ env_dump(env, true) ] ]
+    end # case PATH_INFO (POST)
+    # ...
+  when 'PUT'
+    case env['PATH_INFO']
+    when %r{\A/rack_input}; rack_input_tests(env)
+    when '/env_dump'; [ 200, {}, [ env_dump(env) ] ]
+    end
+  when 'OPTIONS'
+    case env['REQUEST_URI']
+    when '*'; [ 200, {}, [ env_dump(env) ] ]
+    end
+  end # case REQUEST_METHOD
+end) # run