undercase 0.2.29

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (407) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +7 -0
  2. data/README.md +70 -0
  3. data/Rakefile +21 -0
  4. data/app/assets/fonts/FontAwesome/FontAwesome.otf +0 -0
  5. data/app/assets/fonts/FontAwesome/fontawesome-webfont.eot +0 -0
  6. data/app/assets/fonts/FontAwesome/fontawesome-webfont.svg +414 -0
  7. data/app/assets/fonts/FontAwesome/fontawesome-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  8. data/app/assets/fonts/FontAwesome/fontawesome-webfont.woff +0 -0
  9. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-black-webfont.eot +0 -0
  10. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-black-webfont.svg +914 -0
  11. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-black-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  12. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-black-webfont.woff +0 -0
  13. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-blackit-webfont.eot +0 -0
  14. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-blackit-webfont.svg +812 -0
  15. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-blackit-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  16. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-blackit-webfont.woff +0 -0
  17. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-bold-webfont.eot +0 -0
  18. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-bold-webfont.svg +955 -0
  19. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-bold-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  20. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-bold-webfont.woff +0 -0
  21. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-boldit-webfont.eot +0 -0
  22. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-boldit-webfont.svg +831 -0
  23. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-boldit-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  24. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-boldit-webfont.woff +0 -0
  25. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralight-webfont.eot +0 -0
  26. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralight-webfont.svg +905 -0
  27. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralight-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  28. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralight-webfont.woff +0 -0
  29. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralightit-webfont.eot +0 -0
  30. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralightit-webfont.svg +828 -0
  31. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralightit-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  32. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-extralightit-webfont.woff +0 -0
  33. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-it-webfont.eot +0 -0
  34. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-it-webfont.svg +843 -0
  35. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-it-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  36. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-it-webfont.woff +0 -0
  37. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-light-webfont.eot +0 -0
  38. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-light-webfont.svg +904 -0
  39. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-light-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  40. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-light-webfont.woff +0 -0
  41. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-lightit-webfont.eot +0 -0
  42. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-lightit-webfont.svg +830 -0
  43. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-lightit-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  44. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-lightit-webfont.woff +0 -0
  45. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-regular-webfont.eot +0 -0
  46. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-regular-webfont.svg +978 -0
  47. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-regular-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  48. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-regular-webfont.woff +0 -0
  49. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semibold-webfont.eot +0 -0
  50. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semibold-webfont.svg +968 -0
  51. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semibold-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  52. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semibold-webfont.woff +0 -0
  53. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semiboldit-webfont.eot +0 -0
  54. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semiboldit-webfont.svg +838 -0
  55. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semiboldit-webfont.ttf +0 -0
  56. data/app/assets/fonts/Source-Sans-Pro/sourcesanspro-semiboldit-webfont.woff +0 -0
  57. data/app/assets/fonts/Undercase-Icons/Undercase-Icons.eot +0 -0
  58. data/app/assets/fonts/Undercase-Icons/Undercase-Icons.svg +72 -0
  59. data/app/assets/fonts/Undercase-Icons/Undercase-Icons.ttf +0 -0
  60. data/app/assets/fonts/Undercase-Icons/Undercase-Icons.woff +0 -0
  61. data/app/assets/images/avatar_male_small.png +0 -0
  62. data/app/assets/images/backgrounds/checkerboard_tile.png +0 -0
  63. data/app/assets/images/icons/calendar_datepicker.svg +18 -0
  64. data/app/assets/images/icons/checkbox-selected.svg +17 -0
  65. data/app/assets/images/icons/checkbox-unselected.svg +12 -0
  66. data/app/assets/images/icons/double-arrow-left.svg +13 -0
  67. data/app/assets/images/icons/double-arrow-right.svg +13 -0
  68. data/app/assets/images/icons/focus-child.svg +14 -0
  69. data/app/assets/images/icons/master-profile.svg +11 -0
  70. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_diagonals-thick_18_b81900_40x40.png +0 -0
  71. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_diagonals-thick_20_666666_40x40.png +0 -0
  72. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_flat_0_aaaaaa_40x100.png +0 -0
  73. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_flat_100_b8b8b8_40x100.png +0 -0
  74. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_flat_10_000000_40x100.png +0 -0
  75. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_flat_75_ffffff_40x100.png +0 -0
  76. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_100_f6f6f6_1x400.png +0 -0
  77. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_100_fdf5ce_1x400.png +0 -0
  78. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_55_fbf9ee_1x400.png +0 -0
  79. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_65_ffffff_1x400.png +0 -0
  80. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_75_dadada_1x400.png +0 -0
  81. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_75_e6e6e6_1x400.png +0 -0
  82. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_glass_95_fef1ec_1x400.png +0 -0
  83. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_gloss-wave_35_f6a828_500x100.png +0 -0
  84. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_highlight-soft_100_eeeeee_1x100.png +0 -0
  85. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_highlight-soft_75_cccccc_1x100.png +0 -0
  86. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_highlight-soft_75_ffe45c_1x100.png +0 -0
  87. data/app/assets/images/ui-bg_inset-soft_95_fef1ec_1x100.png +0 -0
  88. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_222222_256x240.png +0 -0
  89. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_228ef1_256x240.png +0 -0
  90. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_2e83ff_256x240.png +0 -0
  91. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_454545_256x240.png +0 -0
  92. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_888888_256x240.png +0 -0
  93. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_cd0a0a_256x240.png +0 -0
  94. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_ef8c08_256x240.png +0 -0
  95. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_ffd27a_256x240.png +0 -0
  96. data/app/assets/images/ui-icons_ffffff_256x240.png +0 -0
  97. data/app/assets/images/undercase/undercase_gem_logo.png +0 -0
  98. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/index.js +19 -0
  99. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/lib/BreakpointTell.js +9 -0
  100. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/lib/timezone.js +28 -0
  101. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/Filter.js +75 -0
  102. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/FlexibleSearchMenu.js +64 -0
  103. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/ToggleNavigationSearch.js +60 -0
  104. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/datepicker.js +36 -0
  105. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/expando.js +39 -0
  106. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/modal.js +60 -0
  107. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/tabs.js +26 -0
  108. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/patterns/timepicker.js +5 -0
  109. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/popover.js +26 -0
  110. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/presenter.js +55 -0
  111. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/show_code.js +35 -0
  112. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/vendor/date.js +879 -0
  113. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/vendor/jquery-extensions/jquery.calendrical.js +517 -0
  114. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/vendor/jquery-ui-1.10.3.js +14972 -0
  115. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/vendor/modernizr.custom.14960.js +764 -0
  116. data/app/assets/javascripts/undercase/vendor/underscore.js +1189 -0
  117. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_all.scss +38 -0
  118. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_borders.scss +20 -0
  119. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_colors.scss +41 -0
  120. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_constants.scss +76 -0
  121. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_groundwork_settings.scss +351 -0
  122. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_icon_codes.scss +369 -0
  123. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/_mixins.scss +49 -0
  124. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/mixins/_button.scss +124 -0
  125. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/mixins/_forms.scss +33 -0
  126. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/mixins/_layout.scss +23 -0
  127. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/libraries/mixins/_typography.scss +99 -0
  128. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_all.scss +32 -0
  129. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_borders.scss +89 -0
  130. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_box_helpers.scss +39 -0
  131. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_buttons.scss +110 -0
  132. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_cards.scss +36 -0
  133. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_chevrons.scss +98 -0
  134. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_colors.scss +34 -0
  135. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_content_with_toolbar.scss +23 -0
  136. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_dropdowns.scss +49 -0
  137. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_filters.scss +121 -0
  138. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_font_faces.scss +32 -0
  139. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_forms.scss +617 -0
  140. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_horizontal_rules.scss +5 -0
  141. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_icons.scss +4 -0
  142. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_inline_message.scss +36 -0
  143. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_layout.scss +57 -0
  144. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_length_of_time.scss +10 -0
  145. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_links.scss +96 -0
  146. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_lists.scss +84 -0
  147. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_media.scss +15 -0
  148. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_modals.scss +114 -0
  149. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_navigation.scss +224 -0
  150. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_pagination.scss +33 -0
  151. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_person_placard.scss +52 -0
  152. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_popovers.scss +12 -0
  153. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_quiz.scss +67 -0
  154. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_site.scss +95 -0
  155. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_spinners.scss +23 -0
  156. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_tables.scss +111 -0
  157. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_tabs.scss +56 -0
  158. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/_typography.scss +231 -0
  159. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns/undercase_icons/glyphs.scss +28 -0
  160. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns_new_front_end/_all.scss +6 -0
  161. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns_new_front_end/_cards.scss +248 -0
  162. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns_new_front_end/_links.scss +10 -0
  163. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/patterns_new_front_end/_warnings.scss +32 -0
  164. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/vendor_static/_all.scss +12 -0
  165. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/vendor_static/_calendrical.scss +105 -0
  166. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/vendor_static/_icons.scss +422 -0
  167. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase/vendor_static/_jquery-ui-1.8.13.custom.scss +615 -0
  168. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase_frame/_dummy_site.scss +307 -0
  169. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase_frame/vendor/coderay.css +118 -0
  170. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase_frame_application.css.scss +18 -0
  171. data/app/assets/stylesheets/undercase_frame_vendor_static.scss +4 -0
  172. data/app/controllers/undercase/application_controller.rb +4 -0
  173. data/app/controllers/undercase/patterns_controller.rb +13 -0
  174. data/app/helpers/undercase/application_helper.rb +86 -0
  175. data/app/helpers/undercase/pattern_helper.rb +7 -0
  176. data/app/inputs/currency_input.rb +20 -0
  177. data/app/inputs/date_picker_input.rb +77 -0
  178. data/app/inputs/date_time_picker_input.rb +141 -0
  179. data/app/inputs/radio_as_accessible_input.rb +33 -0
  180. data/app/inputs/radio_with_clear_input.rb +41 -0
  181. data/app/models/dummy_form_object.rb +24 -0
  182. data/app/views/layouts/undercase/application.html.haml +49 -0
  183. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_blue_dotted_link_caps.html.haml +2 -0
  184. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_blue_link.html.haml +2 -0
  185. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_blue_link_clean.html.haml +2 -0
  186. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_auto.html.haml +8 -0
  187. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_flat_blue.html.haml +2 -0
  188. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_flat_gray.html.haml +7 -0
  189. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_flat_gray_split.html.haml +4 -0
  190. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_flat_green.html.haml +2 -0
  191. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_gray.html.haml +1 -0
  192. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_icon.html.haml +2 -0
  193. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_button_wire_auto.html.haml +8 -0
  194. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_cc_link_smartbar.html.haml +2 -0
  195. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_chevrons.html.haml +38 -0
  196. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_colors.html.haml +12 -0
  197. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_content_with_toolbar.html.haml +6 -0
  198. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_dropdown.html.haml +21 -0
  199. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_filters.html.haml +210 -0
  200. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_filters_show_only.html.haml +77 -0
  201. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_gray_link.html.haml +2 -0
  202. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_grid.html.haml +0 -0
  203. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_icon_classes.html.haml +8 -0
  204. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_icon_custom.html.haml +12 -0
  205. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_inline_message.html.haml +5 -0
  206. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_length_of_time.html.haml +12 -0
  207. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_list_circle.html.haml +4 -0
  208. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_list_disc.html.haml +4 -0
  209. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_navigation.html.haml +40 -0
  210. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_pagination.html.haml +17 -0
  211. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_pattern.html.haml +27 -0
  212. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_person_placard.html.haml +103 -0
  213. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_popover.html.haml +9 -0
  214. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_tables_mobile.html.haml +23 -0
  215. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_tables_not_desktop.html.haml +21 -0
  216. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_tables_small_mobile.html.haml +23 -0
  217. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_tables_small_tablet.html.haml +25 -0
  218. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography.html.haml +16 -0
  219. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_em.html.haml +1 -0
  220. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_p.html.haml +1 -0
  221. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_strong.html.haml +1 -0
  222. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_thin.html.haml +1 -0
  223. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_underline.html.haml +1 -0
  224. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_body_uppercase.html.haml +1 -0
  225. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_heading_1.html.haml +1 -0
  226. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_heading_2.html.haml +1 -0
  227. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_heading_3.html.haml +1 -0
  228. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_heading_4.html.haml +1 -0
  229. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_heading_thin.html.haml +1 -0
  230. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_links_general.html.haml +2 -0
  231. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_links_navigation.html.haml +2 -0
  232. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_typography_links_page_banner.html.haml +2 -0
  233. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_blue.html.haml +2 -0
  234. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_gray.html.haml +2 -0
  235. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_hover_blue.html.haml +3 -0
  236. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_left.html.haml +4 -0
  237. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_lighter_gray.html.haml +3 -0
  238. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_middle_blue_2.html.haml +1 -0
  239. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_middle_gray.html.haml +2 -0
  240. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_borders_yellow.html.haml +1 -0
  241. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_card.html.haml +40 -0
  242. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_dialog_loading.html.haml +2 -0
  243. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_errors.html.haml +1 -0
  244. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_check_boxes.html.haml +7 -0
  245. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_check_boxes_boolean.html.haml +20 -0
  246. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_checkbutton.html.haml +14 -0
  247. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_conditionally_required.html.haml +19 -0
  248. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_currency_input.html.haml +7 -0
  249. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_date_picker.html.haml +9 -0
  250. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_date_time_picker.html.haml +9 -0
  251. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_disabled_field.html.haml +8 -0
  252. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_dropdown.html.haml +10 -0
  253. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_dropdown_with_optgroups.html.haml +10 -0
  254. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_full_name.html.haml +32 -0
  255. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_grouped_inputs.html.haml +17 -0
  256. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_large_field.html.haml +8 -0
  257. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_medium_field.html.haml +8 -0
  258. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_phone.html.haml +26 -0
  259. data/app/views/undercase/patterns/_uc_forms_radio_button_clear_link.html.haml +7 -0
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  407. metadata +789 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
1
+ # <pre>
2
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
+
5
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
6
+ # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
7
+ # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
8
+ # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
9
+ # </a>
10
+ # and
11
+ # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
12
+ # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
13
+ # </a>
14
+ # for information.
15
+ # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
16
+ #
17
+ # Except for the French entries,
18
+ # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
19
+ # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
20
+
21
+ # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
22
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
23
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
24
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
25
+ Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
26
+ Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
27
+ Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
28
+ Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
29
+ Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
30
+ Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
31
+ Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
32
+ Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
33
+ Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
34
+ Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
35
+ Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
36
+ Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
37
+ Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
38
+ Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
39
+ Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
40
+ Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
41
+ Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
42
+ Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
43
+ Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
44
+ Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
45
+ Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
46
+ # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
47
+ # which is used below in specifying the transition.
48
+ Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
49
+ Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
50
+ Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
51
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
52
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
53
+ Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
54
+ Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
55
+
56
+ # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
57
+ Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
58
+ Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
59
+ Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
60
+ Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
61
+ Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
62
+ Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
63
+ Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
64
+ Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
65
+ Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
66
+ Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67
+ Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
68
+ Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
69
+ Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
70
+ Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
71
+ Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72
+ Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
73
+ Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
74
+ Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
75
+ Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
76
+ Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
77
+ Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78
+ Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
79
+ Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
80
+ Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
81
+ Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82
+ Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
83
+
84
+ # Argentina - year-round bases
85
+ # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
86
+ # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
87
+ # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
88
+ # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
89
+ # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
90
+ # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
91
+ # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
92
+
93
+ # Australia - territories
94
+ # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
95
+ # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
96
+ # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
97
+ # Margaret Turner reports
98
+ # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
99
+ # presumably this is when they have visitors.
100
+ #
101
+ # year-round bases
102
+ # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
103
+ # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
104
+ # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
105
+ # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
106
+
107
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
108
+ # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
109
+ # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
110
+ # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
111
+ # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
112
+ # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
113
+ #
114
+ # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
115
+ # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
116
+ # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
117
+ # </a>
118
+ #
119
+ # We have more background information here:
120
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
121
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
122
+ # </a>
123
+
124
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
125
+ # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
126
+ # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
127
+ # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
128
+ # on 4 April.
129
+ #
130
+ # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
131
+ # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
132
+ # has not been decided yet.
133
+ #
134
+ # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
135
+ # 20:00 UTC.
136
+ #
137
+ # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
138
+ #
139
+ # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
140
+ # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
141
+ #
142
+ # Background:
143
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
144
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
145
+ # </a>
146
+
147
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
148
+ Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
149
+ 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
150
+ # Western (Aus) Standard Time
151
+ 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
152
+ # Casey Time
153
+ 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
154
+ 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
155
+ 8:00 - WST
156
+ Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
157
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
158
+ 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
159
+ 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
160
+ 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
161
+ 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
162
+ 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
163
+ 7:00 - DAVT
164
+ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
165
+ 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
166
+ # Mawson Time
167
+ 5:00 - MAWT
168
+ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
169
+ 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
170
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
171
+ 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
172
+ 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
173
+ 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
174
+ # References:
175
+ # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
176
+ # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
177
+ # </a>
178
+ # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
179
+ # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
180
+ # </a>
181
+ # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
182
+ # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
183
+ # </a>
184
+
185
+ # Brazil - year-round base
186
+ # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
187
+
188
+ # Chile - year-round bases and towns
189
+ # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
190
+ # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
191
+ # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
192
+ # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
193
+ # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
194
+ # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
195
+
196
+ # China - year-round bases
197
+ # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
198
+ # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
199
+
200
+ # France - year-round bases
201
+ #
202
+ # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
203
+ # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
204
+ # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
205
+ # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
206
+ # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
207
+ # from Tasmania.
208
+ #
209
+ # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
210
+ #
211
+ # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
212
+ # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
213
+ # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
214
+ # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
215
+ #
216
+ # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
217
+ # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
218
+ #
219
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
220
+ Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
221
+ 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
222
+ #
223
+ # year-round base in the main continent
224
+ # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
225
+ #
226
+ # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
227
+ # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
228
+ #
229
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
230
+ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
231
+ 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
232
+ 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
233
+ 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
234
+ # Reference:
235
+ # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
236
+ # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
237
+ # </a>
238
+
239
+ # Germany - year-round base
240
+ # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
241
+
242
+ # India - year-round base
243
+ # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
244
+
245
+ # Japan - year-round bases
246
+ # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
247
+ # Syowa, -690022+0393524
248
+ #
249
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
250
+ # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
251
+ #
252
+ # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
253
+ # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
254
+ # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
255
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256
+ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
257
+ 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
258
+ # See:
259
+ # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
260
+ # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
261
+ # </a>
262
+
263
+ # S Korea - year-round base
264
+ # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
265
+
266
+ # New Zealand - claims
267
+ # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
268
+ # Scott Island (never inhabited)
269
+ #
270
+ # year-round base
271
+ # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
272
+ #
273
+ # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
274
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
275
+ Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
276
+ Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
277
+ Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
278
+ Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
279
+ Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
280
+ Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
281
+ Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
282
+ Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
283
+ Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
284
+
285
+ # Norway - territories
286
+ # Bouvet (never inhabited)
287
+ #
288
+ # claims
289
+ # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
290
+
291
+ # Poland - year-round base
292
+ # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
293
+
294
+ # Russia - year-round bases
295
+ # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
296
+ # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
297
+ # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
298
+ # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
299
+ # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
300
+ # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
301
+
302
+ # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
303
+ # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
304
+ # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
305
+ # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
306
+ # time as Moscow, Russia.
307
+ #
308
+ # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
309
+ # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
310
+ # what they had to say about time there:
311
+ # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
312
+ # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
313
+ # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
314
+ # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
315
+ # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
316
+ #
317
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
318
+ # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
319
+ # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
320
+ # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
321
+ # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
322
+ # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
323
+ # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
324
+ # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
325
+ #
326
+ Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
327
+ 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
328
+
329
+ # S Africa - year-round bases
330
+ # Marion Island, -4653+03752
331
+ # Sanae, -7141-00250
332
+
333
+ # UK
334
+ #
335
+ # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
336
+ # South Orkney Islands
337
+ # scientific station from 1903
338
+ # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
339
+ # South Shetland Islands
340
+ #
341
+ # year-round bases
342
+ # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
343
+ # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
344
+ # scientific station 1943/1967,
345
+ # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
346
+ # and a garrison was deployed briefly
347
+ # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
348
+ # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
349
+ # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
350
+ # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
351
+ #
352
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
353
+ # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
354
+ #
355
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356
+ Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
357
+ -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
358
+
359
+ # Uruguay - year round base
360
+ # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
361
+
362
+ # USA - year-round bases
363
+ #
364
+ # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
365
+ #
366
+ # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
367
+ # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
368
+ # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
369
+ # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
370
+ # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
371
+ # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
372
+ #
373
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
374
+ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
375
+ -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
376
+ -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
377
+ -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
378
+ #
379
+ #
380
+ # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
381
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
382
+ Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
383
+ 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
384
+ #
385
+ # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
386
+ #
387
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
388
+ # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
389
+ # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
390
+ #
391
+ # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
392
+ # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
393
+ # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
394
+ # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
395
+ # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
396
+ # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
397
+ # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
398
+ #
399
+ # From Susan Smith
400
+ # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
401
+ # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
402
+ # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
403
+ # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
404
+ # One last quirk about South Pole time.
405
+ # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
406
+ # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
407
+ # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
408
+ # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
409
+ # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
410
+ #
411
+ Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
@@ -0,0 +1,2751 @@
1
+ # <pre>
2
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
+
5
+ # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8
+
9
+ # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10
+ #
11
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13
+ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14
+ #
15
+ # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16
+ # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17
+ # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18
+ # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19
+ # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20
+ #
21
+ # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22
+ # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23
+ #
24
+ # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
27
+ #
28
+ # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29
+ # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
30
+ # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
31
+ #
32
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34
+ #
35
+ # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
36
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
37
+ # Corrections are welcome!
38
+ # std dst
39
+ # LMT Local Mean Time
40
+ # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
41
+ # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
42
+ # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
43
+ # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
44
+ # 4:00 GST Gulf*
45
+ # 5:30 IST India
46
+ # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
47
+ # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
48
+ # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
49
+ # 8:00 CST China
50
+ # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
51
+ # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
52
+ # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
53
+ # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
54
+ # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
55
+ #
56
+ # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
57
+
58
+ # From Guy Harris:
59
+ # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
60
+ # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
61
+ # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
62
+ # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
63
+
64
+ ###############################################################################
65
+
66
+ # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
67
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
68
+ Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
69
+ Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
70
+ Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
71
+ Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
72
+ Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
73
+ Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
74
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
75
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
76
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
79
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
80
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
81
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82
+ Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83
+
84
+ # Afghanistan
85
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
86
+ Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
87
+ 4:00 - AFT 1945
88
+ 4:30 - AFT
89
+
90
+ # Armenia
91
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92
+ # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
93
+ # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
94
+ # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
95
+ # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
96
+ # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
97
+ # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
98
+ # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
99
+ # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
100
+
101
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
102
+ # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
103
+ # follow Russia's "old" rules.
104
+
105
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
106
+ # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
107
+ # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
108
+ #
109
+ # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
110
+ # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
111
+ # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
112
+ # or
113
+ # (brief)
114
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
115
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
116
+ Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
117
+ 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
118
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
119
+ 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
120
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
121
+ 4:00 - AMT 1997
122
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
123
+ 4:00 - AMT
124
+
125
+ # Azerbaijan
126
+ # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
127
+ # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
128
+ # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
129
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
130
+ Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
131
+ Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
132
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
133
+ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
134
+ 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
135
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
136
+ 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
137
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
138
+ 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
139
+ 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
140
+ 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
141
+
142
+ # Bahrain
143
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144
+ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
145
+ 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
146
+ 3:00 - AST
147
+
148
+ # Bangladesh
149
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
150
+ # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
151
+ # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
152
+ #
153
+ # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
154
+ # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
155
+ # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
156
+ # </a>
157
+ # or
158
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
159
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
160
+ # </a>
161
+ #
162
+ # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
163
+ # June
164
+ # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
165
+ # crippling power crisis. "
166
+ #
167
+ # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
168
+ # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
169
+
170
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
171
+ # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
172
+ # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
173
+ #
174
+ # Some sources:
175
+ # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
176
+ # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
177
+ # </a>
178
+ # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
179
+ # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
180
+ # </a>
181
+ #
182
+ # Our wrap-up:
183
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
184
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
185
+ # </a>
186
+
187
+ # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
188
+ # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
189
+ # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
190
+ # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
191
+ #
192
+ # No DST end date has been announced yet.
193
+
194
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
195
+ # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
196
+ # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
197
+ #
198
+ # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
199
+ # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
200
+ # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
201
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
202
+ # </a>
203
+ # or
204
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
205
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
206
+ # </a>
207
+
208
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
209
+ # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
210
+ # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
211
+ # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
212
+ # "continue for an indefinite period."
213
+ #
214
+ # One of many places where it is published:
215
+ # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
216
+ # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
217
+ # </a>
218
+
219
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
220
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
221
+ # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
222
+ #
223
+ # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
224
+ # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
225
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
226
+ # </a>
227
+ # and
228
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
229
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
230
+ # </a>
231
+ #
232
+ # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
233
+ # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
234
+ # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
235
+ # Minister's Office last night..."
236
+
237
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
238
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
239
+ # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
240
+ # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
241
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
242
+ # </a>
243
+ # or
244
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
245
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
246
+ # </a>
247
+
248
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249
+ Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
250
+ Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
251
+
252
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253
+ Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
254
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
255
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
256
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
257
+ 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
258
+ 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
259
+ 6:00 - BDT 2009
260
+ 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
261
+
262
+ # Bhutan
263
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264
+ Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
265
+ 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
266
+ 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
267
+
268
+ # British Indian Ocean Territory
269
+ # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
270
+ # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
271
+ # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
272
+ # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
273
+ # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
274
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275
+ Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
276
+ 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
277
+ 6:00 - IOT
278
+
279
+ # Brunei
280
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
281
+ Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
282
+ 7:30 - BNT 1933
283
+ 8:00 - BNT
284
+
285
+ # Burma / Myanmar
286
+
287
+ # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
288
+
289
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
290
+ Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
291
+ 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
292
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
293
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
294
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
295
+
296
+ # Cambodia
297
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
298
+ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
299
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
300
+ 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
301
+ 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
302
+ 7:00 - ICT
303
+
304
+ # China
305
+
306
+ # From Guy Harris:
307
+ # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
308
+
309
+ # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
310
+ # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
311
+ # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
312
+ # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
313
+ # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
314
+ # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
315
+ #
316
+ # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
317
+ # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
318
+ # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
319
+ #
320
+ # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
321
+ # 1987 mid-April - ??
322
+
323
+ # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
324
+ # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
325
+ # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
326
+
327
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
328
+ # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
329
+ # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
330
+ # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
331
+ # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
332
+ # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
333
+ # pre-1980 time zones.
334
+
335
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
336
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
337
+ Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
338
+ Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339
+ Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
340
+ Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
341
+ Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
342
+ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
343
+
344
+ # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
345
+ # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
346
+ # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
347
+ # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
348
+ #
349
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
350
+ # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
351
+ # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
352
+ # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
353
+ # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
354
+ # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
355
+ # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
356
+ # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
357
+ # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
358
+ # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
359
+
360
+ # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
361
+ # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
362
+ # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
363
+ # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
364
+ # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
365
+ # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
366
+ # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
367
+ # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
368
+ #
369
+ # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
370
+ # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
371
+ # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
372
+ # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
373
+ # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
374
+ # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
375
+ # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
376
+ #
377
+ # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
378
+ # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
379
+ # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
380
+ # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
381
+ # Shanks & Pottenger.
382
+
383
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384
+ # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
385
+ # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
386
+ Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
387
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
388
+ 8:00 - CST 1940
389
+ 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
390
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
391
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
392
+ # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
393
+ # most of China
394
+ # Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
395
+ Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928
396
+ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
397
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
398
+ # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
399
+ # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
400
+ # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
401
+ # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
402
+ # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
403
+ Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
404
+ 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
405
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
406
+ # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
407
+ # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
408
+ # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
409
+ # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
410
+ # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
411
+ # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
412
+ # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
413
+ # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
414
+ # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
415
+ Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
416
+ 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
417
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
418
+ # Kunlun Time
419
+ # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
420
+ # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
421
+ # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
422
+ # and Yarkand.
423
+
424
+ # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
425
+ # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
426
+ # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
427
+ # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
428
+ # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
429
+ # they implicitly use Beijing time.
430
+ #
431
+ # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
432
+ # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
433
+ # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
434
+ # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
435
+ # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
436
+ # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
437
+ # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
438
+ # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
439
+ #
440
+ # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
441
+ # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
442
+ # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
443
+ #
444
+ # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
445
+ # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
446
+ # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
447
+ # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
448
+ # others moving their clocks ahead.)
449
+ #
450
+ # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
451
+ #
452
+ # The first few lines of the Google translation of
453
+ # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
454
+ # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
455
+ # </a>
456
+ # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
457
+ # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
458
+ # > 500 million yuan
459
+ # >
460
+ # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
461
+ # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
462
+ # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
463
+ # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
464
+
465
+ # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
466
+ # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
467
+ # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
468
+ #
469
+ # 1. Wulumuqi...
470
+ # 2. Kashi...
471
+ # 3. Urumqi...
472
+ # 4. Kashgar...
473
+ # ...
474
+ # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
475
+ # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
476
+ # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
477
+ #
478
+ # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
479
+ # start date for Xinjiang time.
480
+ #
481
+ # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
482
+ # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
483
+ # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
484
+ # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
485
+
486
+ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
487
+ 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
488
+ 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
489
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
490
+
491
+
492
+ # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
493
+
494
+ # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
495
+
496
+ # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
497
+ # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
498
+ # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
499
+ # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
500
+ # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
501
+ # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
502
+ # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
503
+ # obtained from
504
+ # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
505
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
506
+ # </a>.
507
+
508
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
509
+ # Here are the dates given at
510
+ # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
511
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
512
+ # </a>
513
+ # as of 2009-10-28:
514
+ # Year Period
515
+ # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
516
+ # 1942 Whole year
517
+ # 1943 Whole year
518
+ # 1944 Whole year
519
+ # 1945 Whole year
520
+ # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
521
+ # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
522
+ # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
523
+ # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
524
+ # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
525
+ # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
526
+ # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
527
+ # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
528
+ # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
529
+ # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
530
+ # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
531
+ # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
532
+ # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
533
+ # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
534
+ # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
535
+ # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
536
+ # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
537
+ # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
538
+ # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
539
+ # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
540
+ # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
541
+ # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
542
+ # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
543
+ # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
544
+ # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
545
+ # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
546
+ # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
547
+ # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
548
+ # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
549
+ # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
550
+ # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
551
+ # 1977 Nil
552
+ # 1978 Nil
553
+ # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
554
+ # 1980 to Now Nil
555
+ # The page does not give start or end times of day.
556
+ # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
557
+ # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
558
+ # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
559
+ # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
560
+ # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
561
+
562
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
563
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
564
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
565
+ Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
566
+ Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
567
+ Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
568
+ Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
569
+ Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
570
+ Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
571
+ Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
572
+ Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
573
+ Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
574
+ Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
575
+ Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
576
+ Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
577
+ Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
578
+ Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
579
+ Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
580
+ Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
581
+ Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
582
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
583
+ Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
584
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
585
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
586
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT
587
+
588
+ ###############################################################################
589
+
590
+ # Taiwan
591
+
592
+ # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
593
+ # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
594
+ # have any other information.
595
+
596
+ # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
597
+ # According to Taiwan's CWB,
598
+ # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
599
+ # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
600
+ # </a>
601
+ # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
602
+
603
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
604
+ # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
605
+ # Decade Name Start and end date
606
+ # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
607
+ # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
608
+ # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
609
+ # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
610
+ # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
611
+ # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
612
+ # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
613
+ # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
614
+ # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
615
+ # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
616
+ # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
617
+
618
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
619
+ Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
620
+ Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
621
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
622
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
623
+ Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
624
+ Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
625
+ Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
626
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
627
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
628
+ Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
629
+ Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
630
+
631
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
632
+ Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
633
+ 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
634
+
635
+ # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
636
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
637
+ Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
638
+ Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
639
+ Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
640
+ Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
641
+ Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
642
+ Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
643
+ Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
644
+ Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
645
+ Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
646
+ Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
647
+ Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
648
+ Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
649
+ Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
650
+ Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
651
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
652
+ Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
653
+ 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
654
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
655
+
656
+
657
+ ###############################################################################
658
+
659
+ # Cyprus
660
+ #
661
+ # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
662
+ #
663
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
664
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
665
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
666
+ Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
667
+ Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
668
+ Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
669
+ Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
670
+ Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
671
+ Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
672
+ Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
673
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674
+ Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
675
+ 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
676
+ 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
677
+ # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
678
+
679
+ # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
680
+ # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
681
+ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
682
+
683
+ # Georgia
684
+ # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
685
+ # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
686
+ # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
687
+ # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
688
+ # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
689
+ #
690
+ # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
691
+ # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
692
+ # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
693
+ # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
694
+ #
695
+ # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
696
+ #
697
+ # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
698
+ # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
699
+ # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
700
+ # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
701
+ # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
702
+ # of integration into Europe.
703
+
704
+ # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
705
+ # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
706
+ # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
707
+ # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
708
+ # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
709
+ # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
710
+ # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
711
+ # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
712
+ # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
713
+
714
+
715
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
716
+ Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
717
+ 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
718
+ 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
719
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
720
+ 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
721
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
722
+ 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
723
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
724
+ 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
725
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
726
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
727
+ 4:00 - GET
728
+
729
+ # East Timor
730
+
731
+ # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
732
+
733
+ # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
734
+ # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
735
+ # East Timor may be late for its millennium
736
+ # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
737
+ # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
738
+ # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
739
+ # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
740
+ # conflicts with their way of life.
741
+
742
+ # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
743
+ # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
744
+ # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
745
+
746
+ # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
747
+ # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
748
+ # (2000-08-16)</a>:
749
+ # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
750
+ # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
751
+ # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
752
+ # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
753
+
754
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
755
+ Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
756
+ 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
757
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
758
+ 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
759
+ 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
760
+ 9:00 - TLT
761
+
762
+ # India
763
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764
+ Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
765
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
766
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
767
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
768
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
769
+ 5:30 - IST
770
+ # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
771
+ # Andaman Is
772
+ # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
773
+ # Nicobar Is
774
+
775
+ # Indonesia
776
+ #
777
+ # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
778
+ # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
779
+ # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
780
+ # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
781
+ # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
782
+ #
783
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
784
+ # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
785
+ # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
786
+ # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
787
+ # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
788
+ # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
789
+ # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
790
+ # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
791
+ # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
792
+ # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
793
+ # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
794
+ # switched on 1945-09-23.
795
+ #
796
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
797
+ Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
798
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
799
+ # but this must be a typo.
800
+ 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
801
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
802
+ 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
803
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
804
+ 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
805
+ 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
806
+ 7:30 - WIT 1964
807
+ 7:00 - WIT
808
+ Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
809
+ 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
810
+ 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
811
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
812
+ 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
813
+ 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
814
+ 7:30 - WIT 1964
815
+ 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
816
+ 7:00 - WIT
817
+ Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
818
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
819
+ 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
820
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
821
+ 8:00 - CIT
822
+ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
823
+ 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
824
+ 9:30 - CST 1964
825
+ 9:00 - EIT
826
+
827
+ # Iran
828
+
829
+ # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
830
+ # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
831
+ # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
832
+ #
833
+ # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
834
+ # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
835
+ #
836
+ # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
837
+ #
838
+ # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
839
+ # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
840
+ # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
841
+ # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
842
+ # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
843
+ # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
844
+ #
845
+ # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
846
+ # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
847
+ # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
848
+ # Shahrivar.
849
+ #
850
+ # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
851
+ #
852
+ # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
853
+ # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
854
+ # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
855
+ # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
856
+ # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
857
+ # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
858
+ #
859
+ # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
860
+ # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
861
+ # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
862
+ # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
863
+ # plan to change that law....
864
+ #
865
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
866
+ # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
867
+ # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
868
+ # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
869
+ # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
870
+ # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
871
+ #
872
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
873
+ # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
874
+ # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
875
+ # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
876
+ # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
877
+ # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
878
+ # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
879
+ # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
880
+ # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
881
+ # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
882
+ # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
883
+ # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
884
+ # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
885
+ #
886
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
887
+ # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
888
+ # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
889
+ #
890
+ # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
891
+ # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
892
+ # daylight saving time ...
893
+ # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
894
+ #
895
+ # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
896
+ # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
897
+ # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
898
+ # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
899
+ # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
900
+ # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
901
+ # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
902
+ # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
903
+ #
904
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
905
+ Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
906
+ Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
907
+ Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
908
+ Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
909
+ Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
910
+ Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
911
+ Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
912
+ Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
913
+ Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
914
+ Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
915
+ Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
916
+ Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
917
+ Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
918
+ Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
919
+ Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
920
+ Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
921
+ Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
922
+ Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
923
+ Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
924
+ Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
925
+ Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
926
+ Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
927
+ Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
928
+ Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
929
+ Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
930
+ Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
931
+ Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
932
+ Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
933
+ Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
934
+ Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
935
+ Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
936
+ Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
937
+ Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
938
+ Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
939
+ Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
940
+ Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
941
+ Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
942
+ Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
943
+ Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
944
+ Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
945
+ Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
946
+ Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
947
+ Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
948
+ Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
949
+ Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
950
+ Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
951
+ Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
952
+ Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
953
+ Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
954
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
955
+ Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
956
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
957
+ 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
958
+ 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
959
+ 3:30 Iran IR%sT
960
+
961
+
962
+ # Iraq
963
+ #
964
+ # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
965
+ # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
966
+ # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
967
+ # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
968
+ # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
969
+ #
970
+ # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
971
+ # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
972
+ # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
973
+ # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
974
+ # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
975
+ #
976
+ # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
977
+
978
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
979
+ # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
980
+ # news sources (in Arabic):
981
+ # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
982
+ # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
983
+ # </a>
984
+ # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
985
+ # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
986
+ # </a>
987
+ #
988
+ # We have published a short article in English about the change:
989
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
990
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
991
+ # </a>
992
+
993
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
994
+ Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
995
+ Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
996
+ Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
997
+ Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
998
+ Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
999
+ Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1000
+ # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
1001
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1002
+ #
1003
+ Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1004
+ Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1005
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1006
+ Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1007
+ 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1008
+ 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1009
+ 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1010
+
1011
+
1012
+ ###############################################################################
1013
+
1014
+ # Israel
1015
+
1016
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1017
+ #
1018
+ # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1019
+ # different abbreviations in use:
1020
+ #
1021
+ # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1022
+ # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1023
+ # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1024
+ #
1025
+ # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1026
+ # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1027
+ # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1028
+ # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1029
+ # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1030
+ # settings in Israeli computers.
1031
+ #
1032
+ # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1033
+ # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1034
+ # family is from India).
1035
+
1036
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1037
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1038
+ Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1039
+ Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1040
+ Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1041
+ Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1042
+ Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1043
+ Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1044
+ Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1045
+ Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1046
+ Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1047
+ Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1048
+ Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1049
+ Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1050
+ Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1051
+ Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1052
+ Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1053
+ Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1054
+ Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1055
+ Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1056
+ Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1057
+ Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1058
+ Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1059
+ Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1060
+ Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1061
+ Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1062
+ Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1063
+ Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1064
+ Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1065
+ Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1066
+ Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1067
+ Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1068
+ Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1069
+ Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1070
+ Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1071
+ Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1072
+ Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1073
+ Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1074
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1075
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1076
+ Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1077
+ Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1078
+
1079
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg
1080
+ # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1081
+ # and 2005-02-17):
1082
+
1083
+ # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1084
+ # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1085
+ # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1086
+ # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1087
+ # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1088
+ # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1089
+ # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1090
+ # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1091
+ # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1092
+ # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1093
+ # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1094
+ # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1095
+ # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1096
+ # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1097
+ # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1098
+ # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1099
+ # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1100
+ # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1101
+ # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1102
+ # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1103
+ # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1104
+ # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1105
+
1106
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1107
+ Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1108
+ Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1109
+ Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1110
+ Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1111
+ Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1112
+ Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1113
+ Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1114
+ Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1115
+ Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1116
+ Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1117
+
1118
+ # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1119
+ # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1120
+ # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1121
+
1122
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1123
+ Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1124
+ Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1125
+ Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1126
+ Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1127
+
1128
+ # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1129
+ # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1130
+ # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1131
+ #
1132
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1133
+ #
1134
+ # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1135
+ #
1136
+ # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1137
+ #
1138
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1139
+ #
1140
+ # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1141
+
1142
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1143
+ Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1144
+ Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1145
+ Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1146
+ Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1147
+ Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1148
+ Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1149
+ Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1150
+ Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1151
+
1152
+ # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1153
+ # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1154
+ # years 2001-2004 as well.
1155
+ #
1156
+ # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1157
+ #
1158
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1159
+ #
1160
+ # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1161
+ # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1162
+ #
1163
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1164
+
1165
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1166
+ Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1167
+ Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1168
+ Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1169
+ Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1170
+ Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1171
+ Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1172
+ Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1173
+ Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1174
+ Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1175
+ Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1176
+
1177
+ # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1178
+ # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1179
+ # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1180
+ # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1181
+ # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1182
+ #
1183
+ # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1184
+ #
1185
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1186
+
1187
+ # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1188
+ # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1189
+ # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1190
+ # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1191
+ # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1192
+ # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1193
+ # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1194
+ #
1195
+ # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1196
+ #
1197
+ # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1198
+ # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1199
+ # springtime transitions explicitly.
1200
+
1201
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1202
+ Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1203
+ Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1204
+ Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1205
+ Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1206
+ Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1207
+ Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1208
+ Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1209
+ Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1210
+ Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1211
+ Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1212
+ Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1213
+ Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1214
+
1215
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
1216
+ # Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
1217
+ # past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
1218
+ # Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
1219
+ # before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the
1220
+ # changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
1221
+ #
1222
+ # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
1223
+ # DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
1224
+ # second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
1225
+ # later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
1226
+ # [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
1227
+
1228
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05):
1229
+ # The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the
1230
+ # Time Decree Law making the changes ... law.
1231
+
1232
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1233
+ Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1234
+ Rule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1235
+ Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1236
+ Rule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1237
+ # The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
1238
+ # versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e.,
1239
+ # through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
1240
+ #Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1241
+ #Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1242
+ #Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1243
+ #Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1244
+ #Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1245
+
1246
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1247
+ Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1248
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1249
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT
1250
+
1251
+
1252
+
1253
+ ###############################################################################
1254
+
1255
+ # Japan
1256
+
1257
+ # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1258
+
1259
+ # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1260
+ # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1261
+ # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1262
+ # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1263
+
1264
+ # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1265
+ # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1266
+ # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1267
+ # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1268
+ # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1269
+ # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1270
+ # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1271
+ # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1272
+ # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1273
+ # wanted to keep it.)
1274
+
1275
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1276
+ # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1277
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1278
+ Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1279
+ Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1280
+ Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1281
+ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1282
+ # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1283
+ # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1284
+ # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1285
+ # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1286
+
1287
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1288
+ # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1289
+ # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1290
+ # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1291
+ # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1292
+ # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1293
+ # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1294
+
1295
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1296
+ # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1297
+ # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1298
+ # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1299
+ # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1300
+ # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1301
+ # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1302
+ # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1303
+ # standard....
1304
+ #
1305
+ # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1306
+ # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1307
+
1308
+ # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1309
+ # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1310
+ # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1311
+
1312
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313
+ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1314
+ 9:00 - JST 1896
1315
+ 9:00 - CJT 1938
1316
+ 9:00 Japan J%sT
1317
+ # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1318
+
1319
+ # Jordan
1320
+ #
1321
+ # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1322
+ # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1323
+ # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1324
+ # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1325
+ # all year round.
1326
+ #
1327
+ # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1328
+ # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1329
+ # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1330
+ # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1331
+ # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1332
+ # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1333
+ #
1334
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1335
+ # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1336
+ #
1337
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1338
+ # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1339
+ # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1340
+ #
1341
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1342
+ # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1343
+ # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1344
+ #
1345
+
1346
+ # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1347
+ # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1348
+ # Jordan.
1349
+ # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1350
+ # saving
1351
+ # time on the last Thursday in March.
1352
+ #
1353
+ # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1354
+ #
1355
+ # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1356
+ # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1357
+ # Please see
1358
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1359
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1360
+ # </a>
1361
+
1362
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1363
+ # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1364
+ # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1365
+ # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1366
+ # </a>
1367
+ #
1368
+ # Google's translation:
1369
+ #
1370
+ # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1371
+ # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1372
+ # > of the month of March of each year.
1373
+ #
1374
+ # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1375
+
1376
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1377
+ # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1378
+
1379
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1380
+ # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1381
+ # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1382
+ # until about the same time next year (at least).
1383
+ # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1384
+ #
1385
+ # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
1386
+ # For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
1387
+ # permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
1388
+
1389
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1390
+ Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1391
+ Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1392
+ Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1393
+ Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1394
+ Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1395
+ Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1396
+ Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1397
+ Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1398
+ Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1399
+ Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1400
+ Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1401
+ Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1402
+ Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1403
+ Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1404
+ Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1405
+ Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1406
+ Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1407
+ Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1408
+ Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1409
+ Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1410
+ Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1411
+ Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1412
+ Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1413
+ Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1414
+ Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1415
+ Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1416
+ Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1417
+ Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1418
+ Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1419
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1420
+ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1421
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1422
+
1423
+
1424
+ # Kazakhstan
1425
+
1426
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1427
+ # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1428
+ # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1429
+ # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1430
+ # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1431
+ # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1432
+
1433
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1434
+ # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1435
+ # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1436
+ # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1437
+ # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1438
+ #
1439
+ # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1440
+ # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1441
+ # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1442
+
1443
+ # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1444
+ # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1445
+ # </a>
1446
+ # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1447
+ # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1448
+ # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1449
+ #
1450
+ # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1451
+ # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1452
+ # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1453
+ # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1454
+ # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1455
+ # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1456
+ # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1457
+ # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1458
+ # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1459
+
1460
+ #
1461
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1462
+ #
1463
+ # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1464
+ Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1465
+ 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1466
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1467
+ 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1468
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1469
+ 6:00 - ALMT
1470
+ # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1471
+ Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1472
+ 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1473
+ 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1474
+ 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1475
+ 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1476
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1477
+ 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1478
+ 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1479
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1480
+ 6:00 - QYZT
1481
+ # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1482
+ Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1483
+ 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1484
+ 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1485
+ 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1486
+ 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1487
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1488
+ 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1489
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1490
+ 5:00 - AQTT
1491
+ # Mangghystau
1492
+ # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1493
+ # so include time stamps before 1963.
1494
+ Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1495
+ 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1496
+ 5:00 - FORT 1963
1497
+ 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1498
+ 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1499
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1500
+ 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1501
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1502
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1503
+ 5:00 - AQTT
1504
+ # West Kazakhstan
1505
+ Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1506
+ 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1507
+ 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1508
+ 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1509
+ 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1510
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1511
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1512
+ 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1513
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1514
+ 5:00 - ORAT
1515
+
1516
+ # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1517
+ # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1518
+
1519
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1520
+ # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1521
+ # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1522
+ # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1523
+ # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1524
+ # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1525
+ # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1526
+ # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1527
+
1528
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1529
+ Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1530
+ Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1531
+ Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1532
+ Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1533
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1534
+ Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1535
+ 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1536
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1537
+ 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1538
+ 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1539
+ 6:00 - KGT
1540
+
1541
+ ###############################################################################
1542
+
1543
+ # Korea (North and South)
1544
+
1545
+ # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1546
+ # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1547
+ # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1548
+ # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1549
+ # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1550
+ # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1551
+
1552
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1553
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1554
+ Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1555
+ Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1556
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1557
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1558
+
1559
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1560
+ Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1561
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1562
+ 9:00 - KST 1928
1563
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
1564
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1565
+ 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1566
+ 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1567
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT
1568
+ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1569
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1570
+ 9:00 - KST 1928
1571
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
1572
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1573
+ 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1574
+ 9:00 - KST
1575
+
1576
+ ###############################################################################
1577
+
1578
+ # Kuwait
1579
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1580
+ # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1581
+ # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1582
+ # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1583
+ # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1584
+ # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1585
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1586
+ # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1587
+ # so for now we assume no DST.
1588
+ Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1589
+ 3:00 - AST
1590
+
1591
+ # Laos
1592
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1593
+ Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1594
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1595
+ 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1596
+ 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1597
+ 7:00 - ICT
1598
+
1599
+ # Lebanon
1600
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1601
+ Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1602
+ Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1603
+ Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1604
+ Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1605
+ Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1606
+ Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1607
+ Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1608
+ Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1609
+ Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1610
+ Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1611
+ Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1612
+ Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1613
+ Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1614
+ Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1615
+ Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1616
+ Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1617
+ Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1618
+ Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1619
+ Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1620
+ Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1621
+ Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1622
+ Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1623
+ Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1624
+ Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1625
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1626
+ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1627
+ 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1628
+
1629
+ # Malaysia
1630
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1631
+ Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1632
+ Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1633
+ #
1634
+ # peninsular Malaysia
1635
+ # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1636
+ # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1637
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1638
+ Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1639
+ 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1640
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1641
+ 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1642
+ 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1643
+ 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1644
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1645
+ 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1646
+ 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1647
+ # Sabah & Sarawak
1648
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1649
+ # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1650
+ # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1651
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1652
+ Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1653
+ 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1654
+ 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1655
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1656
+ 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1657
+ 8:00 - MYT
1658
+
1659
+ # Maldives
1660
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1661
+ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1662
+ 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1663
+ 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1664
+
1665
+ # Mongolia
1666
+
1667
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1668
+ # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1669
+ # both say that it has just one.
1670
+
1671
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1672
+ # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1673
+ # General Information Mongolia
1674
+ # </a> (1999-09)
1675
+ # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1676
+ # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1677
+ # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1678
+ # eight hours."
1679
+
1680
+ # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1681
+ # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1682
+ # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1683
+ # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1684
+ # of implementation may have been different....
1685
+ # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1686
+ # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1687
+ # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1688
+
1689
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1690
+ # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1691
+ # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1692
+ # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1693
+ # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1694
+ # is good enough for our purposes.
1695
+
1696
+ # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1697
+ # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1698
+ # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1699
+ # there are three time zones.
1700
+ #
1701
+ # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1702
+ # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1703
+ # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1704
+ # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1705
+ #
1706
+ # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1707
+
1708
+ # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1709
+ # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1710
+ # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1711
+ # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1712
+ #
1713
+ # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1714
+ # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1715
+ # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1716
+
1717
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1718
+ # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1719
+ # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1720
+ # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1721
+ # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1722
+ # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1723
+ # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1724
+ # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1725
+ # He also found
1726
+ # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1727
+ # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1728
+ # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1729
+ # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1730
+ # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1731
+ # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1732
+ # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1733
+ # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1734
+
1735
+ # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1736
+ # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1737
+ # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1738
+ # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1739
+
1740
+ # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1741
+ # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1742
+ # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1743
+ # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1744
+ # database on this, e.g.:
1745
+ #
1746
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1747
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1748
+ # </a>
1749
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1750
+ # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1751
+ # </a>
1752
+ #
1753
+ # both say GMT+08:00.
1754
+
1755
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1756
+ # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1757
+ # schedule here:
1758
+ # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1759
+ # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1760
+ # </a>
1761
+ # (click the English flag for English)
1762
+ #
1763
+ # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1764
+ # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1765
+ # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1766
+ # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1767
+ # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1768
+ # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1769
+
1770
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1771
+ # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1772
+ # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1773
+ # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1774
+ # this is almost surely wrong.
1775
+
1776
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1777
+ Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1778
+ Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1779
+ # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1780
+ # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1781
+ # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1782
+ #
1783
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1784
+ # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1785
+ # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1786
+ # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1787
+ # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1788
+ # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1789
+
1790
+ Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1791
+ Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1792
+ # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1793
+ Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1794
+ Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1795
+ Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1796
+
1797
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1798
+ # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1799
+ Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1800
+ 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1801
+ 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1802
+ # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1803
+ Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1804
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1805
+ 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1806
+ # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1807
+ # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1808
+ Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1809
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1810
+ 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1811
+ 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1812
+ 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1813
+
1814
+ # Nepal
1815
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1816
+ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1817
+ 5:30 - IST 1986
1818
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1819
+
1820
+ # Oman
1821
+
1822
+ # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1823
+
1824
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1825
+ Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1826
+ 4:00 - GST
1827
+
1828
+ # Pakistan
1829
+
1830
+ # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1831
+ # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1832
+ # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1833
+ # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1834
+ # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1835
+ # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1836
+
1837
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1838
+ # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1839
+ # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1840
+ # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1841
+ # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1842
+ # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1843
+ # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1844
+ # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1845
+ # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1846
+ # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1847
+ # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1848
+
1849
+ # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1850
+ # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1851
+ # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1852
+
1853
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1854
+ # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1855
+ # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1856
+ #
1857
+ # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1858
+ # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1859
+ # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1860
+ # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1861
+ #
1862
+ # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1863
+ # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1864
+
1865
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1866
+ #
1867
+ # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1868
+ # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1869
+ #
1870
+ # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1871
+ # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1872
+ # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1873
+ # ...."
1874
+ #
1875
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1876
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1877
+ # </a>
1878
+ # OR
1879
+ # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1880
+ # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1881
+ # </a>
1882
+
1883
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1884
+ # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1885
+
1886
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1887
+ # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1888
+ # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1889
+ # instead of August 31.
1890
+ #
1891
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1892
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1893
+ # </a>
1894
+ # OR
1895
+ # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1896
+ # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1897
+ # </a>
1898
+
1899
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1900
+ # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1901
+ # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1902
+ # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1903
+ # official working."
1904
+ # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1905
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1906
+ # </a>
1907
+ #
1908
+ # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1909
+ # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1910
+ #
1911
+ # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1912
+ # April 08, 2009
1913
+ # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1914
+ # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1915
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1916
+ # </a>
1917
+ #
1918
+ # or
1919
+ #
1920
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1921
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1922
+ # </a>
1923
+ #
1924
+ # ....
1925
+ # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1926
+ # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1927
+ # conserve energy"
1928
+
1929
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1930
+ # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1931
+ # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1932
+ # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1933
+ # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1934
+ # this regard."
1935
+ # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1936
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1937
+ # </a>
1938
+
1939
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1940
+ # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1941
+ # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1942
+ # 1, 2009.
1943
+ #
1944
+ # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1945
+ # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1946
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1947
+ # </a>
1948
+ # or
1949
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1950
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1951
+ # </a>
1952
+
1953
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1954
+ # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1955
+ # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1956
+ # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1957
+ # > 1, 2009.
1958
+ #
1959
+ # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1960
+ # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1961
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1962
+ # </a>
1963
+ # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1964
+ # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1965
+ # Monday."
1966
+ #
1967
+ # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1968
+ # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1969
+ # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1970
+ # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1971
+ #
1972
+ # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1973
+ # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1974
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1975
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1976
+ # </a>
1977
+
1978
+ # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1979
+ # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1980
+ # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1981
+
1982
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1983
+ # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1984
+ # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1985
+ # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1986
+ # >
1987
+ # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1988
+ # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1989
+ # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1990
+ # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1991
+ # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1992
+ #
1993
+ # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1994
+ # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1995
+ # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1996
+ # </a>
1997
+ #
1998
+ # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
1999
+ # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
2000
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2001
+ # </a>
2002
+
2003
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2004
+ Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2005
+ Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2006
+ Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2007
+ Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2008
+ Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2009
+ Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2010
+
2011
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2012
+ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2013
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2014
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2015
+ 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2016
+ 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2017
+ 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2018
+
2019
+ # Palestine
2020
+
2021
+ # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2022
+ #
2023
+ # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2024
+ # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2025
+ # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2026
+ #
2027
+ # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2028
+ # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2029
+ # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2030
+ # though.
2031
+ #
2032
+ # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2033
+ # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2034
+ # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2035
+ # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2036
+ # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2037
+ # East Jerusalem.
2038
+ #
2039
+ # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2040
+ # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2041
+ # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2042
+ # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2043
+ # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2044
+ #
2045
+ # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2046
+ # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2047
+ # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2048
+ # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2049
+ # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2050
+ # Jordanian one).
2051
+ #
2052
+ # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2053
+ #
2054
+ # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2055
+ # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2056
+ # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2057
+ # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2058
+ # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2059
+ #
2060
+ # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2061
+ # have one).
2062
+
2063
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2064
+ # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2065
+ # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2066
+ # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2067
+ # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2068
+ # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2069
+ # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2070
+ # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2071
+ # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2072
+ # to Palestine's rules.
2073
+
2074
+ # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2075
+ # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2076
+ #
2077
+ # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2078
+ # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2079
+ # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2080
+ # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2081
+
2082
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2083
+ # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2084
+ # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2085
+ # Holiday havoc
2086
+ # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2087
+ # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2088
+ # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2089
+ # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2090
+ # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2091
+
2092
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2093
+ # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2094
+
2095
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2096
+ # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2097
+ # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2098
+ # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2099
+ # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2100
+
2101
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2102
+ # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2103
+ # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2104
+ # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2105
+ # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2106
+ # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2107
+ # the West Bank.
2108
+
2109
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2110
+ # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2111
+ # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2112
+ # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2113
+ # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2114
+ # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2115
+ # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2116
+ # because of the Ramadan.
2117
+
2118
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2119
+ # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2120
+ # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2121
+
2122
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2123
+ # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2124
+ # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2125
+ # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2126
+ # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2127
+ # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2128
+
2129
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2130
+ # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2131
+ #
2132
+ # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2133
+ # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2134
+ #
2135
+ # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2136
+ # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2137
+ # </a>
2138
+ # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2139
+ # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2140
+ # </a>
2141
+ # or
2142
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2143
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2144
+ # </a>
2145
+
2146
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2147
+ # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2148
+ # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2149
+ # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2150
+ #
2151
+ # (in Arabic)
2152
+ # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2153
+ # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2154
+ # </a>
2155
+ #
2156
+ # or
2157
+ # (English translation)
2158
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2159
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2160
+ # </a>
2161
+
2162
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2163
+ # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2164
+ # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2165
+ #
2166
+ # One news source:
2167
+ # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2168
+ # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2169
+ # </a>
2170
+ # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2171
+ # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2172
+ # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2173
+ # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2174
+ # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2175
+ #
2176
+ # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2177
+ # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2178
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2179
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2180
+ # </a>
2181
+
2182
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2183
+ # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2184
+ #
2185
+ # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2186
+ # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2187
+ #
2188
+ # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2189
+ # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2190
+ # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2191
+ # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2192
+ # </a>
2193
+ # or
2194
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2195
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2196
+ # </a>
2197
+
2198
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2199
+ # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2200
+ # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2201
+ # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2202
+ #
2203
+ # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2204
+ # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2205
+ # </a>
2206
+ # (in Arabic)
2207
+ # or
2208
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2209
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2210
+ # </a>
2211
+
2212
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2213
+ # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2214
+ # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2215
+ # noon though:
2216
+ #
2217
+ # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2218
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2219
+ # </a>
2220
+ # (Ma'an News Agency)
2221
+ # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2222
+ # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2223
+
2224
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2225
+ # According to several sources, including
2226
+ # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2227
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2228
+ # </a>
2229
+ # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2230
+ # Gaza and the West Bank.
2231
+ # Some more background info:
2232
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2233
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2234
+ # </a>
2235
+
2236
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2237
+ # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2238
+ # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2239
+ # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2240
+ # Ramadan.
2241
+ #
2242
+ # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2243
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2244
+ # </a>
2245
+ # Additional info:
2246
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2247
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2248
+ # </a>
2249
+
2250
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2251
+ # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2252
+ # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2253
+ # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2254
+ # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2255
+ # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2256
+ # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2257
+ # ...
2258
+ # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2259
+ # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2260
+ # </a>
2261
+ # or
2262
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2263
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2264
+ # </a>
2265
+ # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2266
+
2267
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2268
+ # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2269
+ # 00:00).
2270
+ # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2271
+ #
2272
+ # Many sources, including:
2273
+ # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2274
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2275
+ # </a>
2276
+
2277
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2278
+ # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2279
+ # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2280
+ # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2281
+ # <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
2282
+ # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2283
+ # </a>
2284
+ #
2285
+ # <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
2286
+ # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2287
+ # </a>
2288
+ #
2289
+ # Our brief summary:
2290
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
2291
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2292
+ # </a>
2293
+
2294
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2295
+ # The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been
2296
+ # announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during...
2297
+ # Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012."
2298
+ # For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX
2299
+
2300
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2301
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2302
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2303
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2304
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2305
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2306
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2307
+
2308
+ Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2309
+ Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2310
+ Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2311
+ Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2312
+ Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2313
+ Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2314
+ Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2315
+ Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2316
+ Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2317
+ Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2318
+ Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2319
+ Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2320
+
2321
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2322
+ # 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2323
+ # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12):
2324
+ # 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12.
2325
+
2326
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2327
+ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2328
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2329
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2330
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2331
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2332
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2333
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2334
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2335
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2336
+ 2:00 - EET
2337
+
2338
+ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2339
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2340
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2341
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2342
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2343
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2344
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2345
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2346
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2347
+ 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2348
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2349
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2350
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2351
+ 2:00 - EET
2352
+
2353
+ # Paracel Is
2354
+ # no information
2355
+
2356
+ # Philippines
2357
+ # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2358
+ # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2359
+ # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2360
+ # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2361
+ # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2362
+
2363
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2364
+ # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2365
+ # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2366
+ # rainy season begins. See
2367
+ # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2368
+ # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2369
+ #
2370
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2371
+ # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2372
+ # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2373
+ # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2374
+ # but no details]
2375
+
2376
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2377
+ Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2378
+ Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2379
+ Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2380
+ Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2381
+ Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2382
+ Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2383
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2384
+ Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2385
+ 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2386
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2387
+ 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2388
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2389
+
2390
+ # Qatar
2391
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2392
+ Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2393
+ 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2394
+ 3:00 - AST
2395
+
2396
+ # Saudi Arabia
2397
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2398
+ Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2399
+ 3:00 - AST
2400
+
2401
+ # Singapore
2402
+ # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2403
+ # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2404
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2405
+ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2406
+ 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2407
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2408
+ 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2409
+ 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2410
+ 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2411
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2412
+ 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2413
+ 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2414
+ 8:00 - SGT
2415
+
2416
+ # Spratly Is
2417
+ # no information
2418
+
2419
+ # Sri Lanka
2420
+
2421
+ # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2422
+ # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2423
+ # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2424
+ # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2425
+ # Shanks and Pottenger.
2426
+
2427
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2428
+ # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2429
+ # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2430
+ # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2431
+ # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2432
+ # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2433
+ #
2434
+ # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2435
+ # by Shamindra in
2436
+ # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2437
+ # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2438
+ # </a>:
2439
+ # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2440
+ # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2441
+
2442
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2443
+ # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2444
+ # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2445
+ # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2446
+
2447
+ # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2448
+ # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2449
+ # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2450
+ # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2451
+ # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2452
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2453
+ # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2454
+ # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2455
+
2456
+ # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2457
+ # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2458
+ # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2459
+ # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2460
+ # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2461
+ #
2462
+ # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2463
+ # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2464
+ # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2465
+ #
2466
+ # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2467
+ # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2468
+ # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2469
+ # item....
2470
+ #
2471
+ # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2472
+ # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2473
+ # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2474
+ # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2475
+ # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2476
+ #
2477
+ # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2478
+ # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2479
+ # all computers.
2480
+
2481
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2482
+ # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2483
+ # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2484
+
2485
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2486
+ Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2487
+ 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2488
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2489
+ 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2490
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2491
+ 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2492
+ 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2493
+ 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2494
+ 5:30 - IST
2495
+
2496
+ # Syria
2497
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2498
+ Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2499
+ Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2500
+ Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2501
+ Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2502
+ Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2503
+ Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2504
+ Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2505
+ Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2506
+ Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2507
+ Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2508
+ Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2509
+ Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2510
+ Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2511
+ Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2512
+ Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2513
+ Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2514
+ Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2515
+ Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2516
+ Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2517
+ Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2518
+ Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2519
+ Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2520
+ Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2521
+ Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2522
+ Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2523
+ Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2524
+ Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2525
+ Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2526
+ # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2527
+ # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2528
+ # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2529
+ # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2530
+ # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2531
+ # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2532
+ Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2533
+ Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2534
+ Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2535
+ Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2536
+ # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2537
+ # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2538
+ # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2539
+ Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2540
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2541
+ # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2542
+ # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2543
+ Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2544
+ # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2545
+ # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2546
+ # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2547
+ # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2548
+ # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2549
+ # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2550
+ # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2551
+ #
2552
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2553
+ # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2554
+ #
2555
+ # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2556
+ # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2557
+ #
2558
+ # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2559
+ # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2560
+ #
2561
+ # which using Google's translate tools says:
2562
+ # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2563
+ # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2564
+ # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2565
+ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2566
+
2567
+ # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2568
+ # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2569
+ # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2570
+ # are now using:
2571
+ # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2572
+ # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2573
+ # Variation
2574
+ # Syrian Arab
2575
+ # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2576
+ # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2577
+ # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2578
+
2579
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2580
+ # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2581
+ # Agency (SANA)...
2582
+ # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2583
+ # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2584
+ # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2585
+ # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2586
+ # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2587
+ # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2588
+ # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2589
+
2590
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2591
+ # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2592
+ # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2593
+ # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2594
+ # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2595
+
2596
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2597
+ # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2598
+ # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2599
+ #
2600
+ # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2601
+ # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2602
+ # clocks back 60 minutes).
2603
+ #
2604
+ # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2605
+ # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2606
+ # </a>
2607
+
2608
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2609
+ # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2610
+ # two examples:
2611
+ #
2612
+ # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2613
+ # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2614
+ # </a>
2615
+ # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2616
+ # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2617
+ # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2618
+ # </a>
2619
+ # (Arabic, gov-site)
2620
+ #
2621
+ # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2622
+ #
2623
+ # Our summary
2624
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2625
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2626
+ # </a>
2627
+
2628
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2629
+ # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2630
+ # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2631
+ # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2632
+ # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2633
+ # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2634
+ # </a>
2635
+
2636
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2637
+ # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2638
+ # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2639
+ # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2640
+
2641
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2642
+ # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2643
+ # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2644
+ # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2645
+ # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2646
+ # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2647
+ # </a>
2648
+
2649
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2650
+ # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2651
+ # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2652
+ #
2653
+ # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2654
+ # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
2655
+ # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2656
+ # </a>
2657
+ #
2658
+ # Our brief summary:
2659
+ # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
2660
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2661
+ # </a>
2662
+
2663
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2664
+ # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2665
+
2666
+ Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2667
+ Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2668
+ Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2669
+ Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2670
+ Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2671
+ Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2672
+
2673
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2674
+ Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2675
+ 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2676
+
2677
+ # Tajikistan
2678
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2679
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2680
+ Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2681
+ 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2682
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2683
+ 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2684
+ 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2685
+
2686
+ # Thailand
2687
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2688
+ Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2689
+ 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2690
+ 7:00 - ICT
2691
+
2692
+ # Turkmenistan
2693
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2694
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2695
+ Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2696
+ 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2697
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2698
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2699
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2700
+ 5:00 - TMT
2701
+
2702
+ # United Arab Emirates
2703
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2704
+ Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2705
+ 4:00 - GST
2706
+
2707
+ # Uzbekistan
2708
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2709
+ Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2710
+ 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2711
+ 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2712
+ 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2713
+ 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2714
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2715
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2716
+ 5:00 - UZT
2717
+ Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2718
+ 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2719
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2720
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2721
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2722
+ 5:00 - UZT
2723
+
2724
+ # Vietnam
2725
+
2726
+ # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2727
+ # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2728
+ # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2729
+ # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2730
+ # and Pottenger.
2731
+
2732
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2733
+ # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2734
+ # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2735
+
2736
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2737
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2738
+ Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2739
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2740
+ 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2741
+ 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2742
+ 7:00 - ICT
2743
+
2744
+ # Yemen
2745
+
2746
+ # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2747
+ # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2748
+
2749
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2750
+ Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
2751
+ 3:00 - AST