treat 0.2.0 → 0.2.5

data/lib/treat/processors/parsers/enju.rb

@@ -32,12 +32,14 @@ module Treat
         # Parse the entity into its syntactical phrases using Enju.
         # Calls #build to initiate XML parsing.
         def self.parse(entity, options = {})
+          val = entity.to_s
+          entity.remove_all! if entity.has_children?
           options[:processes] ||= 1
           @@options = options
           @@id_table = {}
           @@dependencies_table = {}
           stdin, stdout = proc
-          text, remove_last = valid_text(entity)
+          text, remove_last = valid_text(val)
           stdin.puts(text + "\n")
           parsed = build(stdout.gets, remove_last)
           if not parsed.nil?
@@ -123,13 +125,13 @@ module Treat
           current_element
         end
         # Validate a text - Enju wants period to parse a sentence.
-        def self.valid_text(entity)
-          if entity.to_s.count('.') == 0
+        def self.valid_text(val)
+          if val.count('.') == 0
             remove_last = true
-            text = entity.to_s + '.'
+            text = val + '.'
           else
             remove_last = false
-            text = entity.to_s.gsub('.', '')
+            text = val.gsub('.', '')
             text += '.' unless ['!', '?'].include?(text[-1])
           end
           return text, remove_last

data/lib/treat/processors/parsers/stanford.rb

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ module Treat
         # - (String) :log_to_file => a filename to log output to
         # instead of displaying it.
         def self.parse(entity, options = {})
+          val = entity.to_s
+          entity.remove_all! if entity.has_children?
           options = DefaultOptions.merge(options)
           lang = entity.language
           StanfordCoreNLP.use(lang)
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ module Treat
             ::StanfordCoreNLP.load(
               :tokenize, :ssplit, :pos, :lemma, :parse
             )
-          text = ::StanfordCoreNLP::Text.new(entity.to_s)
+          text = ::StanfordCoreNLP::Text.new(val)
           @@parser[lang].annotate(text)
           
           text.get(:sentences).each do |s|

data/lib/treat/retrievers/indexers/ferret.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+module Treat
+  module Retrievers
+    module Indexers
+      class Ferret
+        silence_warnings { require 'ferret' }
+        require 'find'
+        require 'fileutils'
+        # Create a Ferret index for the collection and
+        # store the path to the index under "folder."
+        def self.index(collection, options = {})
+          path = "#{collection.folder}/.index"
+          FileUtils.mkdir(path) unless File.readable?(path)
+          index = ::Ferret::Index::Index.new(
+            :default_field => 'content', 
+            :path => path
+          )
+          collection.each_document do |doc|
+            index.add_document(
+              :file => doc.file, 
+              :content => doc.to_s
+            )
+          end
+          path
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/treat/retrievers/searchers/ferret.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+module Treat
+  module Retrievers
+    module Searchers
+      class Ferret
+        silence_warnings { require 'ferret' }
+        require 'find'
+        DefaultOptions = {
+          :q => nil,
+          :limit => :all,
+          :callback => nil
+        }
+        # Returns an array of retrieved documents.
+        #
+        # Options:
+        #
+        # - (String) :q => a search query.
+        # - (Symbol) :limit => number of documents.
+        def self.search(collection, options = {})
+          options = DefaultOptions.merge(options)
+          unless collection.has?(:index) && collection.index
+            raise Treat::Exception, 'This collection has not been indexed.'
+          end
+          unless options[:q]
+            raise Treat::Exception, 
+            'You must set a query by using the :q option.'
+          end
+          path = "#{collection.folder}/.index"
+          unless File.readable?(path)
+            raise Treat::Exception, "The index at location #{path} cannot be found."
+          end
+          index = ::Ferret::Index::Index.new(
+            :default_field => 'content', 
+            :path => path
+          )
+          query = options.delete(:q)
+          files = {}
+          index.search_each(query, options) do |doc, score|
+            files[index[doc]['file']] = score
+          end
+          docs = []
+          files.each do |doc, score|
+            doc2 = collection.document_with_file(doc)
+            if options[:callback]
+              options[:callback].call(doc2, score)
+            end
+            docs << doc2
+          end
+          docs
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/treat/retrievers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+module Treat
+  module Retrievers
+    module Indexers
+      extend Group
+      self.type = :annotator
+      self.targets = [:collection]
+      self.default = :ferret
+    end
+    module Searchers
+      extend Group
+      self.type = :computer
+      self.targets = [:entity]
+      self.default = :ferret
+    end
+    extend Treat::Category
+  end
+end

data/lib/treat/visitable.rb

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ module Treat
           return klass.send(method, self, options)
         end
       else
-        raise NAT::Exception,
+        raise Treat::Exception,
         "This type of visitor cannot visit a #{self.class}."
       end
     end

data/lib/treat.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
 # Main namespace for Treat modules.
 #
 # === Entities
@@ -10,21 +9,22 @@
 #
 # Here are some example of how to create entities:
 #
+#     Treat.sweeten!
+#
 #     c = Collection 'folder_with_documents'
-#     d = Document 'filename.txt' # (or pdf, html, xml, doc, abw, odt, png, jpg, jpeg, gif).
+#     d = Document 'filename.txt'
 #     p = Paragraph 'A short story. The end.'
 #     s = Sentence 'That is not a sentence.'
 #     w = Word 'fox'
 #
 # Here is a list of entities and their description:
 #
-#  - A Collection represents a folder with different textual documents.
-#  - A Document represents a file with a textual content.
-#  - A Section represents a logical subdivision of a document.
-#  - A Zone can be a Title, a Paragraph or a List and represents an intra-section division of content.
-#  - A Sentence represents just that.
-#  - A Constituent can be a Phrase or a Clause and represents a syntactical unit.
-#  - A Token can be a Word, a Number, a Punctuation or a Symbol (non-punctuation, non-alphanumeric characters).
+# - A Collection represents a folder with different textual documents.
+# - A Document represents a file with a textual content.
+# - A Zone can be a Section, Title, a Paragraph or a List and represents an intra-section division of content.
+# - A Sentence represents just that.
+# - A Phrase is a group of words; a Sentence is a Phrase with a sentence ender (.!?)
+# - A Token can be a Word, a Number, a Punctuation or a Symbol (non-punctuation, non-alphanumeric character).
 #
 # === Functions
 #
@@ -35,11 +35,12 @@
 #
 # Here are the different Categories and their description:
 #
-#  - Processors perform the building of tree of entities representing texts (chunking, segmenting, tokenizing, parsing).
-#  - Lexicalizers give lexical information about words (synsets, semantic relationships, tag, word category).
-#  - Extractors extract semantic information about an entity (topic, date, time, named entity).
-#  - Inflectors allow to retrieve the different inflections of a word (declensors, conjugators, stemmers, lemmatizers).
-#  - Formatters handle the conversion of entities to and from different formats (readers, serializers, unserializers, visualizers).
+# - Processors perform the building of tree of entities representing texts (chunking, segmenting, tokenizing, parsing).
+# - Lexicalizers give lexical information about words (synsets, semantic relationships, tag, word category).
+# - Extractors extract semantic information about an entity (topic, date, time, named entity).
+# - Inflectors allow to retrieve the different inflections of a word (declensors, conjugators, stemmers, lemmatizers).
+# - Formatters handle the conversion of entities to and from different formats (readers, serializers, unserializers, visualizers).
+# - Retrievers allow to index and search collections of documents.
 #
 # === Linguistic Resources
 #
@@ -59,9 +60,9 @@ module Treat
   end
 
   # The current version of Treat.
-  VERSION = "0.2.0"
+  VERSION = "0.2.5"
 
-# $LOAD_PATH << '/ruby/gems/treat/lib/' # Remove for release
+  #$LOAD_PATH << '/ruby/gems/treat/lib/' # Remove for release
 
   # Create class variables for the Treat module.
   class << self

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: treat
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.2.0
+  version: 0.2.5
   prerelease: 
 platform: ruby
 authors:
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ authors:
 autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2012-02-06 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2012-02-07 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rjb
-  requirement: &70310096172480 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865896920 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096172480
+  version_requirements: *70201865896920
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: zip
-  requirement: &70310096171240 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865895740 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096171240
+  version_requirements: *70201865895740
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: hpricot
-  requirement: &70310096170020 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865893800 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096170020
+  version_requirements: *70201865893800
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: nokogiri
-  requirement: &70310096168860 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865892000 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096168860
+  version_requirements: *70201865892000
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: psych
-  requirement: &70310096166960 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865889880 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -65,10 +65,21 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096166960
+  version_requirements: *70201865889880
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: ferret
+  requirement: &70201865888620 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    none: false
+    requirements:
+    - - ! '>='
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: *70201865888620
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: whatlanguage
-  requirement: &70310096163460 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865887460 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -76,10 +87,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096163460
+  version_requirements: *70201865887460
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: linguistics
-  requirement: &70310096159580 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865886480 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -87,10 +98,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096159580
+  version_requirements: *70201865886480
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: stanford-core-nlp
-  requirement: &70310096158080 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865885300 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -98,10 +109,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096158080
+  version_requirements: *70201865885300
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: punkt-segmenter
-  requirement: &70310096156900 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865883560 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -109,10 +120,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096156900
+  version_requirements: *70201865883560
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: lda-ruby
-  requirement: &70310096155740 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865882040 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -120,10 +131,10 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096155740
+  version_requirements: *70201865882040
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: chronic
-  requirement: &70310096154280 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirement: &70201865880540 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     none: false
     requirements:
     - - ! '>='
@@ -131,7 +142,7 @@ dependencies:
         version: '0'
   type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70310096154280
+  version_requirements: *70201865880540
 description: ! ' Treat is a toolkit for text retrieval, information extraction and
   natural language processing. '
 email:
@@ -141,12 +152,19 @@ extensions: []
 extra_rdoc_files: []
 files:
 - lib/economist/half_cocked_basel.txt
-- lib/economist/hose_and_dry.doc
-- lib/economist/hungarys_troubles.abw
-- lib/economist/republican_nomination.pdf
-- lib/economist/saving_the_euro.odt
+- lib/economist/hungarys_troubles.txt
+- lib/economist/indias_slowdown.txt
+- lib/economist/merkozy_rides_again.txt
+- lib/economist/prada_is_not_walmart.txt
 - lib/economist/to_infinity_and_beyond.txt
-- lib/economist/zero_sum.html
+- lib/ferret/_11.cfs
+- lib/ferret/_14.cfs
+- lib/ferret/_p.cfs
+- lib/ferret/_s.cfs
+- lib/ferret/_v.cfs
+- lib/ferret/_y.cfs
+- lib/ferret/segments
+- lib/ferret/segments_15
 - lib/treat/buildable.rb
 - lib/treat/categories.rb
 - lib/treat/category.rb
@@ -240,7 +258,6 @@ files:
 - lib/treat/lexicalizers/tag/brill.rb
 - lib/treat/lexicalizers/tag/lingua.rb
 - lib/treat/lexicalizers/tag/stanford.rb
-- lib/treat/lexicalizers/tag/tagger.rb
 - lib/treat/lexicalizers.rb
 - lib/treat/object.rb
 - lib/treat/processors/chunkers/txt.rb
@@ -269,6 +286,9 @@ files:
 - lib/treat/processors.rb
 - lib/treat/proxies.rb
 - lib/treat/registrable.rb
+- lib/treat/retrievers/indexers/ferret.rb
+- lib/treat/retrievers/searchers/ferret.rb
+- lib/treat/retrievers.rb
 - lib/treat/sugar.rb
 - lib/treat/tree.rb
 - lib/treat/viewable.rb

data/lib/economist/hungarys_troubles.abw

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE abiword PUBLIC "-//ABISOURCE//DTD AWML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.abisource.com/awml.dtd">
-<abiword template="false" styles="unlocked" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:math="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xid-max="47" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" fileformat="1.0" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:awml="http://www.abisource.com/awml.dtd" xmlns="http://www.abisource.com/awml.dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="0.99.2" xml:space="preserve" props="dom-dir:ltr; document-footnote-restart-section:0; document-endnote-type:numeric; document-endnote-place-enddoc:1; document-endnote-initial:1; lang:en-US; document-endnote-restart-section:0; document-footnote-restart-page:0; document-footnote-type:numeric; document-footnote-initial:1; document-endnote-place-endsection:0">
-<!-- ======================================================================== -->
-<!-- This file is an AbiWord document.                                        -->
-<!-- AbiWord is a free, Open Source word processor.                           -->
-<!-- More information about AbiWord is available at http://www.abisource.com/ -->
-<!-- You should not edit this file by hand.                                   -->
-<!-- ======================================================================== -->
-
-<metadata>
-<m key="dc.format">application/x-abiword</m>
-<m key="abiword.generator">AbiWord</m>
-</metadata>
-<history version="1" edit-time="49" last-saved="1327547309" uid="e83e3112-47ca-11e1-8326-faa5dd588a80">
-<version id="1" started="1327547309" uid="0575e6ee-47cb-11e1-8326-faa5dd588a80" auto="0" top-xid="47"/>
-</history>
-<styles>
-<s type="P" name="Normal" followedby="Current Settings" props="font-family:Times New Roman; margin-top:0pt; color:000000; margin-left:0pt; text-position:normal; widows:2; font-style:normal; text-indent:0in; font-variant:normal; margin-right:0pt; lang:en-US; line-height:1.0; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:none; margin-bottom:0pt; font-weight:normal; bgcolor:transparent; text-align:left; font-stretch:normal"/>
-</styles>
-<pagesize pagetype="Letter" orientation="portrait" width="8.500000" height="11.000000" units="in" page-scale="1.000000"/>
-<section xid="46" props="page-margin-footer:0.5in; page-margin-header:0.5in">
-<p style="Normal" xid="47" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Hungary's troubles</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="1" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Not just a rap on the knuckles</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="2" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="3" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">THE pressure is piling up on the beleaguered Hungarian government. Today the European Commission threatened it with legal action over several new "cardinal" laws that would require a two-thirds majority in parliament to overturn.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="4" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="5" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">The commission is still considering the laws, but today it highlighted concerns over three issues:</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="6" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="7" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"> - The independence of the central bank. Late last year the Hungarian parliament passed a law which expands the monetary council and takes the power to nominate deputies away from the governor and hands it to the prime minister. A separate law opens the door to a merger between the bank and the financial regulator.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="8" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="9" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"> - The judiciary. More than 200 judges over the age of 62 have been forced into retirement and hundreds more face the sack. The new National Judicial Authority is headed by Tünde Handó, a friend of the family of Viktor Orban, the prime minister.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="10" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="11" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"> - The independence of the national data authority.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="12" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="13" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">That wasn't all the commission had to say today. Hungary also received a ticking-off from Olli Rehn (pictured), the economic-affairs commissioner, for not doing enough to tackle its budget deficit. It may now lose access to EU funds.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="14" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="15" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Slammed in Brussels, the Hungarian government is also under pressure at home. Earlier this week Gordon Bajnai, who served as Socialist prime minister from 2009-10, fired off a broadside that sent shockwaves through the political and media establishments.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="16" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="17" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">After a year and a half of government by the right-wing Fidesz party, wrote Mr Bajnai in a lengthy article on the website of the Patriotism and Progress Public Policy Foundation, democracy has been destroyed in Hungary. The country, he warned, is scarred by division and is drifting towards bankruptcy and away from Europe.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="18" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="19" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Mr Bajnai called for a radical change of government and a complete political re-orientation. “A new government must have a programme readily at hand that can be applied without delay: a programme that promotes the republic, reconciliation, and recovery.” </p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="20" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="21" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Fidesz is rattled by Mr Bajnai, who since leaving office has been teaching at Columbia University in New York. Understandably so. He headed a technocratic administration which stabilised the economy. Unlike his Socialist predecessor, Ferenc Gyurcsany, he was neither part of the old Communist elite nor connected to it by marriage, and so cannot be smeared as a "Komcsi". He is modern in outlook and well regarded internationally.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="22" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="23" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Moreover, say those how know him, Mr Bajnai has little patience for the narcissistic exceptionalism that shapes Fidesz’s worldview. Exhibit A: the plaintive cry of Janos Martonyi, the foreign minister, who lamented recently: “The world will never understand our pains and spiritual wounds.” Such self-pity is unlikely to endear the Hungarian government to Brussels or Washington DC (to where it has sent an envoy this week to negotiate with the IMF).</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="24" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="25" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Fidesz won a two-thirds majority in 2010. But its support is evaporating, and analysts say there is a gap in the political market for a centrist pro-business party committed to democratic norms. Mr Bajnai, who has not ruled out a return to politics, would be an obvious candidate to lead it.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="26" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="27" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Meanwhile, as Hungarians watch the value of their assets vaporise, in large part thanks to the government’s increasingly erratic policies, Mr Orban smirks his way through press conferences. Here he is dodging questions from a reporter from HVG, an economics weekly, about his responsibility for the crisis and trying to shift the blame to his old enemy Andras Simor, president of the central bank. The interview ran as follows:</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="28" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="29" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">hvg.hu: Do you feel responsible for the falling/weakening forint?</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="30" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="31" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Mr Orban: You mean the president of the central bank? He did not comment on it.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="32" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="33" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">hvg.hu: No, you, Mr prime minister!</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="34" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="35" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Mr Orban: The personal responsibility of the president of the central bank was not discussed over the meeting.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="36" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="37" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">hvg.hu: You, your personal…!</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="38" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="39" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Mr Orban: That neither.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="40" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="41" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">Surrounded by yes-men and grinning flunkies, Mr Orban seems increasingly out of touch. His future will likely be decided not in the gilded corridors of the Hungarian parliament, but in Brussels and Washington DC.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="42" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="43" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">What happens next? If his hand is forced Mr Orban can probably endure policy reversals on the independence of the central bank and the data ombudsman. Sorry, he would say to his loyal followers: national crisis, what can you do.</p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="44" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr"></p>
-<p style="Normal" xid="45" props="text-align:left; dom-dir:ltr">The dismantling of the judiciary would be another matter. If outsiders keep up the pressure and the judicial changes are judged to be in breach of the EU treaty, Mr Orban would be in a tricky spot. It’s hard to see how he could declare the 200-plus judges his government has forced into retirement ready for office after all, and still sit in his own.</p>
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-    Jan 25th 2012, 9:31 by R.A. | LONDON  </p>
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-    <p>STATE of the Union addresses tend to be long, winding affairs, filled with a grab bag of policy ideas that will altenatively appeal to and irk people across the political spectrum. Barack Obama's <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/9037296/State-of-the-Union-speech-2012-speech-in-full.html">latest address</a> had plenty of sensible ideas in it: tax reform, including reductions in corporate rates; more spending and accountability on education and infrastructure investment; streamlining of the regulatory environment; and so on. He led off, however, with a call for a reshoring of manufacturing jobs seemingly calculated to cost him <em>The Economist</em>'s endorsement. Granted, annoying <em>The Economist</em> is, almost definitionally, good politics. For a president whose hallmark has been soaring orations promising hope, however, Mr Obama's take on the global economy is strikingly bleak and depressing.</p><p>The president was not so unreasonable as to suggest that the American economy could recapture all of its lost manufacturing jobs. Nor was he wrong to point out that countries like China have used direct subsidies, financial shenanigans and currency manipulation to give their exporters a leg up. Yet at no point did he attempt to justify the unstated assumption that what America ought really to do is develop an economy like China's—a place, recall, scarcely one-sixth as rich as America, riddled with potentially debilitating economic imbalances, and governed by an unaccountable monopoly of a communist party. Perhaps more distressing, he implied in several places that the reason to become more like China was that only by doing so could America <em>defeat</em> China, and others, at economics. Consider the line:</p><blockquote><p>Our workers are the most productive on Earth, and if the playing field is level, I promise you – America will always win.</p></blockquote><p>Leaving others, one is forced to conclude, to lose—not once, not occasionally, but <em>always</em>. And what is likely to be the outcome of unending defeat? Destitution? Are we to hope that other countries are left with no gainful employment opportunities at all? If that means dreadful poverty, then Mr Obama ought to be dragged before an international tribunal. But maybe it's not so bad, in which case we have to wonder why it's so damned important to "win" whatever contest it is we're having. Is the implication that it's possible to get by all right, to not be poor, without having lots of demanding manufacturing jobs? That doesn't sound so bad, actually; are we sure America doesn't want to sign up for that? Of course, if this is the nature of economic activity, and if America is determined to defeat other countries, it's worth asking whether it wouldn't make sense to deliberately <em>sabotage</em> other places, or bomb them; after all, it's hard to lose to a country whose people are dead. On the other hand, if victory is so important, we might expect other countries to retaliate, or preemptively attack. Maybe it would be better if the world divided itself into two competing but fairly isolated factions locked in a sort of "cold war".</p><p>Later, the president added:</p><blockquote><p>Don’t let other countries win the race for the future.</p></blockquote><p>The context, innocuously enough, was in calling for greater support for American research and development efforts. But the language of this statement is either daft or ghastly, depending on how charitably one is willing to read it. Is Mr Obama so dense as to miss that when America invents things other countries benefit, and vice versa? If a German discovers a cure for cancer, shouldn't we be ecstatic about that, rather than angry? Indeed, shouldn't we be quite happy and interested in ensuring that Germans and Britons and Indians have the capability and opportunity to develop fantastic new technologies? In the more nefarious reading, Mr Obama seems to accept that only relative standing really matters. A sick, poor world in which America always triumphs is preferable in all cases to one in which America maybe doesn't "win" the race to discover every last little thing that's out there to be discovered. And hell, one has to ask again whether the easiest way to prevent other countries from winning the race for the future isn't simply to blow up their labs.</p><p>Look, I understand the forgiving interpretation of these remarks. Americans are motivated by competition and patriotism, and if that's the only way to rally the country behind fundamentally sound policies like subsidies for basic research, then that's the card you play. And, in practice, Mr Obama's reforms will probably not do much more than offset the crummy, mercantilist choices made by other governments elsewhere. No one is talking about going back to the early 19th century, or to the days of communist containment.</p><p>I don't see that that's an acceptable excuse. People who live outside of America are people just like Americans, and we should all rejoice in their rising prosperity, the more so when it occurs through additions to the stock of human knowledge that will benefit people everywhere. If an American president can't communicate that simple idea to his citizenry, out of fear that he'll be drummed out of office on a wave of nationalistic outrage, then he doesn't deserve to be president and his country doesn't deserve to win a damned thing, least of all the right to call itself "exceptional", a beacon of hope and freedom. A zero-sum world is a world <em>without</em> hope, and if Mr Obama is convinced that's what we're in then I don't see much need for him to stick around.</p>  </div>
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