trackler 2.1.0.25 → 2.1.0.26

data/tracks/ecmascript/exercises/grains/lib/big-integer.js

@@ -1,1152 +1,1153 @@
-// copied from https://github.com/peterolson/BigInteger.js/blob/master/BigInteger.js
-// commit: https://github.com/peterolson/BigInteger.js/commit/58375195b3bc12475cb382b165ba251766a3614e#diff-82f314e495f1c3ec2a3bc0602627d16a
-var bigInt = (function (undefined) {
-    "use strict";
-
-    var BASE = 1e7,
-        LOG_BASE = 7,
-        MAX_INT = 9007199254740992,
-        MAX_INT_ARR = smallToArray(MAX_INT),
-        LOG_MAX_INT = Math.log(MAX_INT);
-
-    function BigInteger(value, sign) {
-        this.value = value;
-        this.sign = sign;
-        this.isSmall = false;
-    }
-
-    function SmallInteger(value) {
-        this.value = value;
-        this.sign = value < 0;
-        this.isSmall = true;
-    }
-
-    function isPrecise(n) {
-        return -MAX_INT < n && n < MAX_INT;
-    }
-
-    function smallToArray(n) { // For performance reasons doesn't reference BASE, need to change this function if BASE changes
-        if (n < 1e7)
-            return [n];
-        if (n < 1e14)
-            return [n % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e7)];
-        return [n % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e7) % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e14)];
-    }
-
-    function arrayToSmall(arr) { // If BASE changes this function may need to change
-        trim(arr);
-        var length = arr.length;
-        if (length < 4 && compareAbs(arr, MAX_INT_ARR) < 0) {
-            switch (length) {
-                case 0: return 0;
-                case 1: return arr[0];
-                case 2: return arr[0] + arr[1] * BASE;
-                default: return arr[0] + (arr[1] + arr[2] * BASE) * BASE;
-            }
-        }
-        return arr;
-    }
-
-    function trim(v) {
-        var i = v.length;
-        while (v[--i] === 0);
-        v.length = i + 1;
-    }
-
-    function createArray(length) { // function shamelessly stolen from Yaffle's library https://github.com/Yaffle/BigInteger
-        var x = new Array(length);
-        var i = -1;
-        while (++i < length) {
-            x[i] = 0;
-        }
-        return x;
-    }
-
-    function truncate(n) {
-        if (n > 0) return Math.floor(n);
-        return Math.ceil(n);
-    }
-
-    function add(a, b) { // assumes a and b are arrays with a.length >= b.length
-        var l_a = a.length,
-            l_b = b.length,
-            r = new Array(l_a),
-            carry = 0,
-            base = BASE,
-            sum, i;
-        for (i = 0; i < l_b; i++) {
-            sum = a[i] + b[i] + carry;
-            carry = sum >= base ? 1 : 0;
-            r[i] = sum - carry * base;
-        }
-        while (i < l_a) {
-            sum = a[i] + carry;
-            carry = sum === base ? 1 : 0;
-            r[i++] = sum - carry * base;
-        }
-        if (carry > 0) r.push(carry);
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    function addAny(a, b) {
-        if (a.length >= b.length) return add(a, b);
-        return add(b, a);
-    }
-
-    function addSmall(a, carry) { // assumes a is array, carry is number with 0 <= carry < MAX_INT
-        var l = a.length,
-            r = new Array(l),
-            base = BASE,
-            sum, i;
-        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-            sum = a[i] - base + carry;
-            carry = Math.floor(sum / base);
-            r[i] = sum - carry * base;
-            carry += 1;
-        }
-        while (carry > 0) {
-            r[i++] = carry % base;
-            carry = Math.floor(carry / base);
-        }
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.add = function (v) {
-        var value, n = parseValue(v);
-        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
-            return this.subtract(n.negate());
-        }
-        var a = this.value, b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            return new BigInteger(addSmall(a, Math.abs(b)), this.sign);
-        }
-        return new BigInteger(addAny(a, b), this.sign);
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype.plus = BigInteger.prototype.add;
-
-    SmallInteger.prototype.add = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v);
-        var a = this.value;
-        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
-            return this.subtract(n.negate());
-        }
-        var b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            if (isPrecise(a + b)) return new SmallInteger(a + b);
-            b = smallToArray(Math.abs(b));
-        }
-        return new BigInteger(addSmall(b, Math.abs(a)), a < 0);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.plus = SmallInteger.prototype.add;
-
-    function subtract(a, b) { // assumes a and b are arrays with a >= b
-        var a_l = a.length,
-            b_l = b.length,
-            r = new Array(a_l),
-            borrow = 0,
-            base = BASE,
-            i, difference;
-        for (i = 0; i < b_l; i++) {
-            difference = a[i] - borrow - b[i];
-            if (difference < 0) {
-                difference += base;
-                borrow = 1;
-            } else borrow = 0;
-            r[i] = difference;
-        }
-        for (i = b_l; i < a_l; i++) {
-            difference = a[i] - borrow;
-            if (difference < 0) difference += base;
-            else {
-                r[i++] = difference;
-                break;
-            }
-            r[i] = difference;
-        }
-        for (; i < a_l; i++) {
-            r[i] = a[i];
-        }
-        trim(r);
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    function subtractAny(a, b, sign) {
-        var value, isSmall;
-        if (compareAbs(a, b) >= 0) {
-            value = subtract(a,b);
-        } else {
-            value = subtract(b, a);
-            sign = !sign;
-        }
-        value = arrayToSmall(value);
-        if (typeof value === "number") {
-            if (sign) value = -value;
-            return new SmallInteger(value);
-        }
-        return new BigInteger(value, sign);
-    }
-
-    function subtractSmall(a, b, sign) { // assumes a is array, b is number with 0 <= b < MAX_INT
-        var l = a.length,
-            r = new Array(l),
-            carry = -b,
-            base = BASE,
-            i, difference;
-        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-            difference = a[i] + carry;
-            carry = Math.floor(difference / base);
-            difference %= base;
-            r[i] = difference < 0 ? difference + base : difference;
-        }
-        r = arrayToSmall(r);
-        if (typeof r === "number") {
-            if (sign) r = -r;
-            return new SmallInteger(r);
-        } return new BigInteger(r, sign);
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.subtract = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v);
-        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
-            return this.add(n.negate());
-        }
-        var a = this.value, b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall)
-            return subtractSmall(a, Math.abs(b), this.sign);
-        return subtractAny(a, b, this.sign);
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype.minus = BigInteger.prototype.subtract;
-
-    SmallInteger.prototype.subtract = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v);
-        var a = this.value;
-        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
-            return this.add(n.negate());
-        }
-        var b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            return new SmallInteger(a - b);
-        }
-        return subtractSmall(b, Math.abs(a), a >= 0);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.minus = SmallInteger.prototype.subtract;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.negate = function () {
-        return new BigInteger(this.value, !this.sign);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.negate = function () {
-        var sign = this.sign;
-        var small = new SmallInteger(-this.value);
-        small.sign = !sign;
-        return small;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.abs = function () {
-        return new BigInteger(this.value, false);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.abs = function () {
-        return new SmallInteger(Math.abs(this.value));
-    };
-
-    function multiplyLong(a, b) {
-        var a_l = a.length,
-            b_l = b.length,
-            l = a_l + b_l,
-            r = createArray(l),
-            base = BASE,
-            product, carry, i, a_i, b_j;
-        for (i = 0; i < a_l; ++i) {
-            a_i = a[i];
-            for (var j = 0; j < b_l; ++j) {
-                b_j = b[j];
-                product = a_i * b_j + r[i + j];
-                carry = Math.floor(product / base);
-                r[i + j] = product - carry * base;
-                r[i + j + 1] += carry;
-            }
-        }
-        trim(r);
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    function multiplySmall(a, b) { // assumes a is array, b is number with |b| < BASE
-        var l = a.length,
-            r = new Array(l),
-            base = BASE,
-            carry = 0,
-            product, i;
-        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-            product = a[i] * b + carry;
-            carry = Math.floor(product / base);
-            r[i] = product - carry * base;
-        }
-        while (carry > 0) {
-            r[i++] = carry % base;
-            carry = Math.floor(carry / base);
-        }
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    function shiftLeft(x, n) {
-        var r = [];
-        while (n-- > 0) r.push(0);
-        return r.concat(x);
-    }
-
-    function multiplyKaratsuba(x, y) {
-        var n = Math.max(x.length, y.length);
-
-        if (n <= 400) return multiplyLong(x, y);
-        n = Math.ceil(n / 2);
-
-        var b = x.slice(n),
-            a = x.slice(0, n),
-            d = y.slice(n),
-            c = y.slice(0, n);
-
-        var ac = multiplyKaratsuba(a, c),
-            bd = multiplyKaratsuba(b, d),
-            abcd = multiplyKaratsuba(addAny(a, b), addAny(c, d));
-
-        return addAny(addAny(ac, shiftLeft(subtract(subtract(abcd, ac), bd), n)), shiftLeft(bd, 2 * n));
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.multiply = function (v) {
-        var value, n = parseValue(v),
-            a = this.value, b = n.value,
-            sign = this.sign !== n.sign,
-            abs;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            if (b === 0) return CACHE[0];
-            if (b === 1) return this;
-            if (b === -1) return this.negate();
-            abs = Math.abs(b);
-            if (abs < BASE) {
-                return new BigInteger(multiplySmall(a, abs), sign);
-            }
-            b = smallToArray(abs);
-        }
-        if (a.length + b.length > 4000) // Karatsuba is only faster for sufficiently large inputs
-            return new BigInteger(multiplyKaratsuba(a, b), sign);
-        return new BigInteger(multiplyLong(a, b), sign);
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.times = BigInteger.prototype.multiply;
-
-    function multiplySmallAndArray(a, b, sign) { // a >= 0
-        if (a < BASE) {
-            return new BigInteger(multiplySmall(b, a), sign);
-        }
-        return new BigInteger(multiplyLong(b, smallToArray(a)), sign);
-    }
-    SmallInteger.prototype["_multiplyBySmall"] = function (a) {
-            if (isPrecise(a.value * this.value)) {
-                return new SmallInteger(a.value * this.value);
-            }
-            return multiplySmallAndArray(Math.abs(a.value), smallToArray(Math.abs(this.value)), this.sign !== a.sign);
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype["_multiplyBySmall"] = function (a) {
-            if (a.value === 0) return CACHE[0];
-            if (a.value === 1) return this;
-            if (a.value === -1) return this.negate();
-            return multiplySmallAndArray(Math.abs(a.value), this.value, this.sign !== a.sign);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.multiply = function (v) {
-        return parseValue(v)["_multiplyBySmall"](this);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.times = SmallInteger.prototype.multiply;
-
-    function square(a) {
-        var l = a.length,
-            r = createArray(l + l),
-            base = BASE,
-            product, carry, i, a_i, a_j;
-        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-            a_i = a[i];
-            for (var j = 0; j < l; j++) {
-                a_j = a[j];
-                product = a_i * a_j + r[i + j];
-                carry = Math.floor(product / base);
-                r[i + j] = product - carry * base;
-                r[i + j + 1] += carry;
-            }
-        }
-        trim(r);
-        return r;
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.square = function () {
-        return new BigInteger(square(this.value), false);
-    };
-
-    SmallInteger.prototype.square = function () {
-        var value = this.value * this.value;
-        if (isPrecise(value)) return new SmallInteger(value);
-        return new BigInteger(square(smallToArray(Math.abs(this.value))), false);
-    };
-
-    function divMod1(a, b) { // Left over from previous version. Performs faster than divMod2 on smaller input sizes.
-        var a_l = a.length,
-            b_l = b.length,
-            base = BASE,
-            result = createArray(b.length),
-            divisorMostSignificantDigit = b[b_l - 1],
-            // normalization
-            lambda = Math.ceil(base / (2 * divisorMostSignificantDigit)),
-            remainder = multiplySmall(a, lambda),
-            divisor = multiplySmall(b, lambda),
-            quotientDigit, shift, carry, borrow, i, l, q;
-        if (remainder.length <= a_l) remainder.push(0);
-        divisor.push(0);
-        divisorMostSignificantDigit = divisor[b_l - 1];
-        for (shift = a_l - b_l; shift >= 0; shift--) {
-            quotientDigit = base - 1;
-            quotientDigit = Math.floor((remainder[shift + b_l] * base + remainder[shift + b_l - 1]) / divisorMostSignificantDigit);
-            carry = 0;
-            borrow = 0;
-            l = divisor.length;
-            for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                carry += quotientDigit * divisor[i];
-                q = Math.floor(carry / base);
-                borrow += remainder[shift + i] - (carry - q * base);
-                carry = q;
-                if (borrow < 0) {
-                    remainder[shift + i] = borrow + base;
-                    borrow = -1;
-                } else {
-                    remainder[shift + i] = borrow;
-                    borrow = 0;
-                }
-            }
-            while (borrow !== 0) {
-                quotientDigit -= 1;
-                carry = 0;
-                for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                    carry += remainder[shift + i] - base + divisor[i];
-                    if (carry < 0) {
-                        remainder[shift + i] = carry + base;
-                        carry = 0;
-                    } else {
-                        remainder[shift + i] = carry;
-                        carry = 1;
-                    }
-                }
-                borrow += carry;
-            }
-            result[shift] = quotientDigit;
-        }
-        // denormalization
-        remainder = divModSmall(remainder, lambda)[0];
-        return [arrayToSmall(result), arrayToSmall(remainder)];
-    }
-
-    function divMod2(a, b) { // Implementation idea shamelessly stolen from Silent Matt's library http://silentmatt.com/biginteger/
-        // Performs faster than divMod1 on larger input sizes.
-        var a_l = a.length,
-            b_l = b.length,
-            result = [],
-            part = [],
-            base = BASE,
-            guess, xlen, highx, highy, check;
-        while (a_l) {
-            part.unshift(a[--a_l]);
-            if (compareAbs(part, b) < 0) {
-                result.push(0);
-                continue;
-            }
-            xlen = part.length;
-            highx = part[xlen - 1] * base + part[xlen - 2];
-            highy = b[b_l - 1] * base + b[b_l - 2];
-            if (xlen > b_l) {
-                highx = (highx + 1) * base;
-            }
-            guess = Math.ceil(highx / highy);
-            do {
-                check = multiplySmall(b, guess);
-                if (compareAbs(check, part) <= 0) break;
-                guess--;
-            } while (guess);
-            result.push(guess);
-            part = subtract(part, check);
-        }
-        result.reverse();
-        return [arrayToSmall(result), arrayToSmall(part)];
-    }
-
-    function divModSmall(value, lambda) {
-        var length = value.length,
-            quotient = createArray(length),
-            base = BASE,
-            i, q, remainder, divisor;
-        remainder = 0;
-        for (i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-            divisor = remainder * base + value[i];
-            q = truncate(divisor / lambda);
-            remainder = divisor - q * lambda;
-            quotient[i] = q | 0;
-        }
-        return [quotient, remainder | 0];
-    }
-
-    function divModAny(self, v) {
-        var value, n = parseValue(v);
-        var a = self.value, b = n.value;
-        var quotient;
-        if (b === 0) throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero");
-        if (self.isSmall) {
-            if (n.isSmall) {
-                return [new SmallInteger(truncate(a / b)), new SmallInteger(a % b)];
-            }
-            return [CACHE[0], self];
-        }
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            if (b === 1) return [self, CACHE[0]];
-            if (b == -1) return [self.negate(), CACHE[0]];
-            var abs = Math.abs(b);
-            if (abs < BASE) {
-                value = divModSmall(a, abs);
-                quotient = arrayToSmall(value[0]);
-                var remainder = value[1];
-                if (self.sign) remainder = -remainder;
-                if (typeof quotient === "number") {
-                    if (self.sign !== n.sign) quotient = -quotient;
-                    return [new SmallInteger(quotient), new SmallInteger(remainder)];
-                }
-                return [new BigInteger(quotient, self.sign !== n.sign), new SmallInteger(remainder)];
-            }
-            b = smallToArray(abs);
-        }
-        var comparison = compareAbs(a, b);
-        if (comparison === -1) return [CACHE[0], self];
-        if (comparison === 0) return [CACHE[self.sign === n.sign ? 1 : -1], CACHE[0]];
-
-        // divMod1 is faster on smaller input sizes
-        if (a.length + b.length <= 200)
-            value = divMod1(a, b);
-        else value = divMod2(a, b);
-
-        quotient = value[0];
-        var qSign = self.sign !== n.sign,
-            mod = value[1],
-            mSign = self.sign;
-        if (typeof quotient === "number") {
-            if (qSign) quotient = -quotient;
-            quotient = new SmallInteger(quotient);
-        } else quotient = new BigInteger(quotient, qSign);
-        if (typeof mod === "number") {
-            if (mSign) mod = -mod;
-            mod = new SmallInteger(mod);
-        } else mod = new BigInteger(mod, mSign);
-        return [quotient, mod];
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.divmod = function (v) {
-        var result = divModAny(this, v);
-        return {
-            quotient: result[0],
-            remainder: result[1]
-        };
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.divmod = BigInteger.prototype.divmod;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.divide = function (v) {
-        return divModAny(this, v)[0];
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.over = SmallInteger.prototype.divide = BigInteger.prototype.over = BigInteger.prototype.divide;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.mod = function (v) {
-        return divModAny(this, v)[1];
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.remainder = SmallInteger.prototype.mod = BigInteger.prototype.remainder = BigInteger.prototype.mod;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.pow = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v),
-            a = this.value,
-            b = n.value,
-            value, x, y;
-        if (b === 0) return CACHE[1];
-        if (a === 0) return CACHE[0];
-        if (a === 1) return CACHE[1];
-        if (a === -1) return n.isEven() ? CACHE[1] : CACHE[-1];
-        if (n.sign) {
-            return CACHE[0];
-        }
-        if (!n.isSmall) throw new Error("The exponent " + n.toString() + " is too large.");
-        if (this.isSmall) {
-            if (isPrecise(value = Math.pow(a, b)))
-                return new SmallInteger(truncate(value));
-        }
-        x = this;
-        y = CACHE[1];
-        while (true) {
-            if (b & 1 === 1) {
-                y = y.times(x);
-                --b;
-            }
-            if (b === 0) break;
-            b /= 2;
-            x = x.square();
-        }
-        return y;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.pow = BigInteger.prototype.pow;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.modPow = function (exp, mod) {
-        exp = parseValue(exp);
-        mod = parseValue(mod);
-        if (mod.isZero()) throw new Error("Cannot take modPow with modulus 0");
-        var r = CACHE[1],
-            base = this.mod(mod);
-        if (base.isZero()) return CACHE[0];
-        while (exp.isPositive()) {
-            if (exp.isOdd()) r = r.multiply(base).mod(mod);
-            exp = exp.divide(2);
-            base = base.square().mod(mod);
-        }
-        return r;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.modPow = BigInteger.prototype.modPow;
-
-    function compareAbs(a, b) {
-        if (a.length !== b.length) {
-            return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        for (var i = a.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            if (a[i] !== b[i]) return a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.compareAbs = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v),
-            a = this.value,
-            b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) return 1;
-        return compareAbs(a, b);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.compareAbs = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v),
-            a = Math.abs(this.value),
-            b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            b = Math.abs(b);
-            return a === b ? 0 : a > b ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        return -1;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.compare = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v),
-            a = this.value,
-            b = n.value;
-        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
-            return n.sign ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            return this.sign ? -1 : 1;
-        }
-        return compareAbs(a, b) * (this.sign ? -1 : 1);
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype.compareTo = BigInteger.prototype.compare;
-
-    SmallInteger.prototype.compare = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v),
-            a = this.value,
-            b = n.value;
-        if (n.isSmall) {
-            return a == b ? 0 : a > b ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
-            return a < 0 ? -1 : 1;
-        }
-        return a < 0 ? 1 : -1;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.compareTo = SmallInteger.prototype.compare;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.equals = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) === 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.eq = SmallInteger.prototype.equals = BigInteger.prototype.eq = BigInteger.prototype.equals;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.notEquals = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) !== 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.neq = SmallInteger.prototype.notEquals = BigInteger.prototype.neq = BigInteger.prototype.notEquals;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.greater = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) > 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.gt = SmallInteger.prototype.greater = BigInteger.prototype.gt = BigInteger.prototype.greater;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.lesser = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) < 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.lt = SmallInteger.prototype.lesser = BigInteger.prototype.lt = BigInteger.prototype.lesser;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) >= 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.geq = SmallInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals = BigInteger.prototype.geq = BigInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals = function (v) {
-        return this.compare(v) <= 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.leq = SmallInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals = BigInteger.prototype.leq = BigInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isEven = function () {
-        return (this.value[0] & 1) === 0;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isEven = function () {
-        return (this.value & 1) === 0;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isOdd = function () {
-        return (this.value[0] & 1) === 1;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isOdd = function () {
-        return (this.value & 1) === 1;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isPositive = function () {
-        return !this.sign;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isPositive = function () {
-        return this.value > 0;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isNegative = function () {
-        return this.sign;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isNegative = function () {
-        return this.value < 0;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isUnit = function () {
-        return false;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isUnit = function () {
-        return Math.abs(this.value) === 1;
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isZero = function () {
-        return false;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isZero = function () {
-        return this.value === 0;
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy = function (v) {
-        var n = parseValue(v);
-        var value = n.value;
-        if (value === 0) return false;
-        if (value === 1) return true;
-        if (value === 2) return this.isEven();
-        return this.mod(n).equals(CACHE[0]);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy = BigInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy;
-
-    function isBasicPrime(v) {
-        var n = v.abs();
-        if (n.isUnit()) return false;
-        if (n.equals(2) || n.equals(3) || n.equals(5)) return true;
-        if (n.isEven() || n.isDivisibleBy(3) || n.isDivisibleBy(5)) return false;
-        if (n.lesser(25)) return true;
-        // we don't know if it's prime: let the other functions figure it out
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isPrime = function () {
-        var isPrime = isBasicPrime(this);
-        if (isPrime !== undefined) return isPrime;
-        var n = this.abs(),
-            nPrev = n.prev();
-        var a = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19],
-            b = nPrev,
-            d, t, i, x;
-        while (b.isEven()) b = b.divide(2);
-        for (i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
-            x = bigInt(a[i]).modPow(b, n);
-            if (x.equals(CACHE[1]) || x.equals(nPrev)) continue;
-            for (t = true, d = b; t && d.lesser(nPrev) ; d = d.multiply(2)) {
-                x = x.square().mod(n);
-                if (x.equals(nPrev)) t = false;
-            }
-            if (t) return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isPrime = BigInteger.prototype.isPrime;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime = function (iterations) {
-        var isPrime = isBasicPrime(this);
-        if (isPrime !== undefined) return isPrime;
-        var n = this.abs();
-        var t = iterations === undefined ? 5 : iterations;
-        // use the Fermat primality test
-        for (var i = 0; i < t; i++) {
-            var a = bigInt.randBetween(2, n.minus(2));
-            if (!a.modPow(n.prev(), n).isUnit()) return false; // definitely composite
-        }
-        return true; // large chance of being prime
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime = BigInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.next = function () {
-        var value = this.value;
-        if (this.sign) {
-            return subtractSmall(value, 1, this.sign);
-        }
-        return new BigInteger(addSmall(value, 1), this.sign);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.next = function () {
-        var value = this.value;
-        if (value + 1 < MAX_INT) return new SmallInteger(value + 1);
-        return new BigInteger(MAX_INT_ARR, false);
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.prev = function () {
-        var value = this.value;
-        if (this.sign) {
-            return new BigInteger(addSmall(value, 1), true);
-        }
-        return subtractSmall(value, 1, this.sign);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.prev = function () {
-        var value = this.value;
-        if (value - 1 > -MAX_INT) return new SmallInteger(value - 1);
-        return new BigInteger(MAX_INT_ARR, true);
-    };
-
-    var powersOfTwo = [1];
-    while (powersOfTwo[powersOfTwo.length - 1] <= BASE) powersOfTwo.push(2 * powersOfTwo[powersOfTwo.length - 1]);
-    var powers2Length = powersOfTwo.length, highestPower2 = powersOfTwo[powers2Length - 1];
-
-    function shift_isSmall(n) {
-        return ((typeof n === "number" || typeof n === "string") && +Math.abs(n) <= BASE) ||
-            (n instanceof BigInteger && n.value.length <= 1);
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.shiftLeft = function (n) {
-        if (!shift_isSmall(n)) {
-            if (n.isNegative()) return this.shiftRight(n.abs());
-            return this.times(CACHE[2].pow(n));
-        }
-        n = +n;
-        if (n < 0) return this.shiftRight(-n);
-        var result = this;
-        while (n >= powers2Length) {
-            result = result.multiply(highestPower2);
-            n -= powers2Length - 1;
-        }
-        return result.multiply(powersOfTwo[n]);
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.shiftLeft = BigInteger.prototype.shiftLeft;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.shiftRight = function (n) {
-        var remQuo;
-        if (!shift_isSmall(n)) {
-            if (n.isNegative()) return this.shiftLeft(n.abs());
-            remQuo = this.divmod(CACHE[2].pow(n));
-            return remQuo.remainder.isNegative() ? remQuo.quotient.prev() : remQuo.quotient;
-        }
-        n = +n;
-        if (n < 0) return this.shiftLeft(-n);
-        var result = this;
-        while (n >= powers2Length) {
-            if (result.isZero()) return result;
-            remQuo = divModAny(result, highestPower2);
-            result = remQuo[1].isNegative() ? remQuo[0].prev() : remQuo[0];
-            n -= powers2Length - 1;
-        }
-        remQuo = divModAny(result, powersOfTwo[n]);
-        return remQuo[1].isNegative() ? remQuo[0].prev() : remQuo[0];
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.shiftRight = BigInteger.prototype.shiftRight;
-
-    function bitwise(x, y, fn) {
-        y = parseValue(y);
-        var xSign = x.isNegative(), ySign = y.isNegative();
-        var xRem = xSign ? x.not() : x,
-            yRem = ySign ? y.not() : y;
-        var xBits = [], yBits = [];
-        var xStop = false, yStop = false;
-        while (!xStop || !yStop) {
-            if (xRem.isZero()) { // virtual sign extension for simulating two's complement
-                xStop = true;
-                xBits.push(xSign ? 1 : 0);
-            }
-            else if (xSign) xBits.push(xRem.isEven() ? 1 : 0); // two's complement for negative numbers
-            else xBits.push(xRem.isEven() ? 0 : 1);
-
-            if (yRem.isZero()) {
-                yStop = true;
-                yBits.push(ySign ? 1 : 0);
-            }
-            else if (ySign) yBits.push(yRem.isEven() ? 1 : 0);
-            else yBits.push(yRem.isEven() ? 0 : 1);
-
-            xRem = xRem.over(2);
-            yRem = yRem.over(2);
-        }
-        var result = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < xBits.length; i++) result.push(fn(xBits[i], yBits[i]));
-        var sum = bigInt(result.pop()).negate().times(bigInt(2).pow(result.length));
-        while (result.length) {
-            sum = sum.add(bigInt(result.pop()).times(bigInt(2).pow(result.length)));
-        }
-        return sum;
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.not = function () {
-        return this.negate().prev();
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.not = BigInteger.prototype.not;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.and = function (n) {
-        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a & b; });
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.and = BigInteger.prototype.and;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.or = function (n) {
-        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a | b; });
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.or = BigInteger.prototype.or;
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.xor = function (n) {
-        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a ^ b; });
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.xor = BigInteger.prototype.xor;
-
-    function max(a, b) {
-        a = parseValue(a);
-        b = parseValue(b);
-        return a.greater(b) ? a : b;
-    }
-    function min(a,b) {
-        a = parseValue(a);
-        b = parseValue(b);
-        return a.lesser(b) ? a : b;
-    }
-    function gcd(a, b) {
-        a = parseValue(a).abs();
-        b = parseValue(b).abs();
-        if (a.equals(b)) return a;
-        if (a.isZero()) return b;
-        if (b.isZero()) return a;
-        if (a.isEven()) {
-            if (b.isOdd()) {
-                return gcd(a.divide(2), b);
-            }
-            return gcd(a.divide(2), b.divide(2)).multiply(2);
-        }
-        if (b.isEven()) {
-            return gcd(a, b.divide(2));
-        }
-        if (a.greater(b)) {
-            return gcd(a.subtract(b).divide(2), b);
-        }
-        return gcd(b.subtract(a).divide(2), a);
-    }
-    function lcm(a, b) {
-        a = parseValue(a).abs();
-        b = parseValue(b).abs();
-        return a.multiply(b).divide(gcd(a, b));
-    }
-    function randBetween(a, b) {
-        a = parseValue(a);
-        b = parseValue(b);
-        var low = min(a, b), high = max(a, b);
-        var range = high.subtract(low);
-        if (range.isSmall) return low.add(Math.round(Math.random() * range));
-        var length = range.value.length - 1;
-        var result = [], restricted = true;
-        for (var i = length; i >= 0; i--) {
-            var top = restricted ? range.value[i] : BASE;
-            var digit = truncate(Math.random() * top);
-            result.unshift(digit);
-            if (digit < top) restricted = false;
-        }
-        result = arrayToSmall(result);
-        return low.add(new BigInteger(result, false, typeof result === "number"));
-    }
-    var parseBase = function (text, base) {
-        var val = CACHE[0], pow = CACHE[1],
-            length = text.length;
-        if (2 <= base && base <= 36) {
-            if (length <= LOG_MAX_INT / Math.log(base)) {
-                return new SmallInteger(parseInt(text, base));
-            }
-        }
-        base = parseValue(base);
-        var digits = [];
-        var i;
-        var isNegative = text[0] === "-";
-        for (i = isNegative ? 1 : 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-            var c = text[i].toLowerCase(),
-                charCode = c.charCodeAt(0);
-            if (48 <= charCode && charCode <= 57) digits.push(parseValue(c));
-            else if (97 <= charCode && charCode <= 122) digits.push(parseValue(c.charCodeAt(0) - 87));
-            else if (c === "<") {
-                var start = i;
-                do { i++; } while (text[i] !== ">");
-                digits.push(parseValue(text.slice(start + 1, i)));
-            }
-            else throw new Error(c + " is not a valid character");
-        }
-        digits.reverse();
-        for (i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) {
-            val = val.add(digits[i].times(pow));
-            pow = pow.times(base);
-        }
-        return isNegative ? val.negate() : val;
-    };
-
-    function stringify(digit) {
-        var v = digit.value;
-        if (typeof v === "number") v = [v];
-        if (v.length === 1 && v[0] <= 36) {
-            return "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".charAt(v[0]);
-        }
-        return "<" + v + ">";
-    }
-    function toBase(n, base) {
-        base = bigInt(base);
-        if (base.isZero()) {
-            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
-            throw new Error("Cannot convert nonzero numbers to base 0.");
-        }
-        if (base.equals(-1)) {
-            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
-            if (n.isNegative()) return new Array(1 - n).join("10");
-            return "1" + new Array(+n).join("01");
-        }
-        var minusSign = "";
-        if (n.isNegative() && base.isPositive()) {
-            minusSign = "-";
-            n = n.abs();
-        }
-        if (base.equals(1)) {
-            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
-            return minusSign + new Array(+n + 1).join(1);
-        }
-        var out = [];
-        var left = n, divmod;
-        while (left.isNegative() || left.compareAbs(base) >= 0) {
-            divmod = left.divmod(base);
-            left = divmod.quotient;
-            var digit = divmod.remainder;
-            if (digit.isNegative()) {
-                digit = base.minus(digit).abs();
-                left = left.next();
-            }
-            out.push(stringify(digit));
-        }
-        out.push(stringify(left));
-        return minusSign + out.reverse().join("");
-    }
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.toString = function (radix) {
-        if (radix === undefined) radix = 10;
-        if (radix !== 10) return toBase(this, radix);
-        var v = this.value, l = v.length, str = String(v[--l]), zeros = "0000000", digit;
-        while (--l >= 0) {
-            digit = String(v[l]);
-            str += zeros.slice(digit.length) + digit;
-        }
-        var sign = this.sign ? "-" : "";
-        return sign + str;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.toString = function (radix) {
-        if (radix === undefined) radix = 10;
-        if (radix != 10) return toBase(this, radix);
-        return String(this.value);
-    };
-
-    BigInteger.prototype.valueOf = function () {
-        return +this.toString();
-    };
-    BigInteger.prototype.toJSNumber = BigInteger.prototype.valueOf;
-
-    SmallInteger.prototype.valueOf = function () {
-        return this.value;
-    };
-    SmallInteger.prototype.toJSNumber = SmallInteger.prototype.valueOf;
-
-    function parseStringValue(v) {
-            if (isPrecise(+v)) {
-                var x = +v;
-                if (x === truncate(x))
-                    return new SmallInteger(x);
-                throw "Invalid integer: " + v;
-            }
-            var sign = v[0] === "-";
-            if (sign) v = v.slice(1);
-            var split = v.split(/e/i);
-            if (split.length > 2) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + text.join("e"));
-            if (split.length === 2) {
-                var exp = split[1];
-                if (exp[0] === "+") exp = exp.slice(1);
-                exp = +exp;
-                if (exp !== truncate(exp) || !isPrecise(exp)) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + exp + " is not a valid exponent.");
-                var text = split[0];
-                var decimalPlace = text.indexOf(".");
-                if (decimalPlace >= 0) {
-                    exp -= text.length - decimalPlace;
-                    text = text.slice(0, decimalPlace) + text.slice(decimalPlace + 1);
-                }
-                if (exp < 0) throw new Error("Cannot include negative exponent part for integers");
-                text += (new Array(exp + 1)).join("0");
-                v = text;
-            }
-            var isValid = /^([0-9][0-9]*)$/.test(v);
-            if (!isValid) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + v);
-            var r = [], max = v.length, l = LOG_BASE, min = max - l;
-            while (max > 0) {
-                r.push(+v.slice(min, max));
-                min -= l;
-                if (min < 0) min = 0;
-                max -= l;
-            }
-            trim(r);
-            return new BigInteger(r, sign);
-    }
-
-    function parseNumberValue(v) {
-            if (isPrecise(v)) return new SmallInteger(v);
-            return parseStringValue(v.toString());
-    }
-
-    function parseValue(v) {
-        if (typeof v === "number") {
-            return parseNumberValue(v);
-        }
-        if (typeof v === "string") {
-            return parseStringValue(v);
-        }
-        return v;
-    }
-    // Pre-define numbers in range [-999,999]
-    var CACHE = function (v, radix) {
-        if (typeof v === "undefined") return CACHE[0];
-        if (typeof radix !== "undefined") return +radix === 10 ? parseValue(v) : parseBase(v, radix);
-        return parseValue(v);
-    };
-    for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
-        CACHE[i] = new SmallInteger(i);
-        if (i > 0) CACHE[-i] = new SmallInteger(-i);
-    }
-    // Backwards compatibility
-    CACHE.one = CACHE[1];
-    CACHE.zero = CACHE[0];
-    CACHE.minusOne = CACHE[-1];
-    CACHE.max = max;
-    CACHE.min = min;
-    CACHE.gcd = gcd;
-    CACHE.lcm = lcm;
-    CACHE.isInstance = function (x) { return x instanceof BigInteger || x instanceof SmallInteger; };
-    CACHE.randBetween = randBetween;
-    return CACHE;
-})();
-
-// Node.js check
-if (typeof module !== "undefined" && module.hasOwnProperty("exports")) {
-    module.exports = bigInt;
-}
+/* eslint-disable */
+// copied from https://github.com/peterolson/BigInteger.js/blob/master/BigInteger.js
+// commit: https://github.com/peterolson/BigInteger.js/commit/58375195b3bc12475cb382b165ba251766a3614e#diff-82f314e495f1c3ec2a3bc0602627d16a
+var bigInt = (function (undefined) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    var BASE = 1e7,
+        LOG_BASE = 7,
+        MAX_INT = 9007199254740992,
+        MAX_INT_ARR = smallToArray(MAX_INT),
+        LOG_MAX_INT = Math.log(MAX_INT);
+
+    function BigInteger(value, sign) {
+        this.value = value;
+        this.sign = sign;
+        this.isSmall = false;
+    }
+
+    function SmallInteger(value) {
+        this.value = value;
+        this.sign = value < 0;
+        this.isSmall = true;
+    }
+
+    function isPrecise(n) {
+        return -MAX_INT < n && n < MAX_INT;
+    }
+
+    function smallToArray(n) { // For performance reasons doesn't reference BASE, need to change this function if BASE changes
+        if (n < 1e7)
+            return [n];
+        if (n < 1e14)
+            return [n % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e7)];
+        return [n % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e7) % 1e7, Math.floor(n / 1e14)];
+    }
+
+    function arrayToSmall(arr) { // If BASE changes this function may need to change
+        trim(arr);
+        var length = arr.length;
+        if (length < 4 && compareAbs(arr, MAX_INT_ARR) < 0) {
+            switch (length) {
+                case 0: return 0;
+                case 1: return arr[0];
+                case 2: return arr[0] + arr[1] * BASE;
+                default: return arr[0] + (arr[1] + arr[2] * BASE) * BASE;
+            }
+        }
+        return arr;
+    }
+
+    function trim(v) {
+        var i = v.length;
+        while (v[--i] === 0);
+        v.length = i + 1;
+    }
+
+    function createArray(length) { // function shamelessly stolen from Yaffle's library https://github.com/Yaffle/BigInteger
+        var x = new Array(length);
+        var i = -1;
+        while (++i < length) {
+            x[i] = 0;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    function truncate(n) {
+        if (n > 0) return Math.floor(n);
+        return Math.ceil(n);
+    }
+
+    function add(a, b) { // assumes a and b are arrays with a.length >= b.length
+        var l_a = a.length,
+            l_b = b.length,
+            r = new Array(l_a),
+            carry = 0,
+            base = BASE,
+            sum, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < l_b; i++) {
+            sum = a[i] + b[i] + carry;
+            carry = sum >= base ? 1 : 0;
+            r[i] = sum - carry * base;
+        }
+        while (i < l_a) {
+            sum = a[i] + carry;
+            carry = sum === base ? 1 : 0;
+            r[i++] = sum - carry * base;
+        }
+        if (carry > 0) r.push(carry);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    function addAny(a, b) {
+        if (a.length >= b.length) return add(a, b);
+        return add(b, a);
+    }
+
+    function addSmall(a, carry) { // assumes a is array, carry is number with 0 <= carry < MAX_INT
+        var l = a.length,
+            r = new Array(l),
+            base = BASE,
+            sum, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            sum = a[i] - base + carry;
+            carry = Math.floor(sum / base);
+            r[i] = sum - carry * base;
+            carry += 1;
+        }
+        while (carry > 0) {
+            r[i++] = carry % base;
+            carry = Math.floor(carry / base);
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.add = function (v) {
+        var value, n = parseValue(v);
+        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
+            return this.subtract(n.negate());
+        }
+        var a = this.value, b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            return new BigInteger(addSmall(a, Math.abs(b)), this.sign);
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(addAny(a, b), this.sign);
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype.plus = BigInteger.prototype.add;
+
+    SmallInteger.prototype.add = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v);
+        var a = this.value;
+        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
+            return this.subtract(n.negate());
+        }
+        var b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            if (isPrecise(a + b)) return new SmallInteger(a + b);
+            b = smallToArray(Math.abs(b));
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(addSmall(b, Math.abs(a)), a < 0);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.plus = SmallInteger.prototype.add;
+
+    function subtract(a, b) { // assumes a and b are arrays with a >= b
+        var a_l = a.length,
+            b_l = b.length,
+            r = new Array(a_l),
+            borrow = 0,
+            base = BASE,
+            i, difference;
+        for (i = 0; i < b_l; i++) {
+            difference = a[i] - borrow - b[i];
+            if (difference < 0) {
+                difference += base;
+                borrow = 1;
+            } else borrow = 0;
+            r[i] = difference;
+        }
+        for (i = b_l; i < a_l; i++) {
+            difference = a[i] - borrow;
+            if (difference < 0) difference += base;
+            else {
+                r[i++] = difference;
+                break;
+            }
+            r[i] = difference;
+        }
+        for (; i < a_l; i++) {
+            r[i] = a[i];
+        }
+        trim(r);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    function subtractAny(a, b, sign) {
+        var value, isSmall;
+        if (compareAbs(a, b) >= 0) {
+            value = subtract(a,b);
+        } else {
+            value = subtract(b, a);
+            sign = !sign;
+        }
+        value = arrayToSmall(value);
+        if (typeof value === "number") {
+            if (sign) value = -value;
+            return new SmallInteger(value);
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(value, sign);
+    }
+
+    function subtractSmall(a, b, sign) { // assumes a is array, b is number with 0 <= b < MAX_INT
+        var l = a.length,
+            r = new Array(l),
+            carry = -b,
+            base = BASE,
+            i, difference;
+        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            difference = a[i] + carry;
+            carry = Math.floor(difference / base);
+            difference %= base;
+            r[i] = difference < 0 ? difference + base : difference;
+        }
+        r = arrayToSmall(r);
+        if (typeof r === "number") {
+            if (sign) r = -r;
+            return new SmallInteger(r);
+        } return new BigInteger(r, sign);
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.subtract = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v);
+        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
+            return this.add(n.negate());
+        }
+        var a = this.value, b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall)
+            return subtractSmall(a, Math.abs(b), this.sign);
+        return subtractAny(a, b, this.sign);
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype.minus = BigInteger.prototype.subtract;
+
+    SmallInteger.prototype.subtract = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v);
+        var a = this.value;
+        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
+            return this.add(n.negate());
+        }
+        var b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            return new SmallInteger(a - b);
+        }
+        return subtractSmall(b, Math.abs(a), a >= 0);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.minus = SmallInteger.prototype.subtract;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.negate = function () {
+        return new BigInteger(this.value, !this.sign);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.negate = function () {
+        var sign = this.sign;
+        var small = new SmallInteger(-this.value);
+        small.sign = !sign;
+        return small;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.abs = function () {
+        return new BigInteger(this.value, false);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.abs = function () {
+        return new SmallInteger(Math.abs(this.value));
+    };
+
+    function multiplyLong(a, b) {
+        var a_l = a.length,
+            b_l = b.length,
+            l = a_l + b_l,
+            r = createArray(l),
+            base = BASE,
+            product, carry, i, a_i, b_j;
+        for (i = 0; i < a_l; ++i) {
+            a_i = a[i];
+            for (var j = 0; j < b_l; ++j) {
+                b_j = b[j];
+                product = a_i * b_j + r[i + j];
+                carry = Math.floor(product / base);
+                r[i + j] = product - carry * base;
+                r[i + j + 1] += carry;
+            }
+        }
+        trim(r);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    function multiplySmall(a, b) { // assumes a is array, b is number with |b| < BASE
+        var l = a.length,
+            r = new Array(l),
+            base = BASE,
+            carry = 0,
+            product, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            product = a[i] * b + carry;
+            carry = Math.floor(product / base);
+            r[i] = product - carry * base;
+        }
+        while (carry > 0) {
+            r[i++] = carry % base;
+            carry = Math.floor(carry / base);
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    function shiftLeft(x, n) {
+        var r = [];
+        while (n-- > 0) r.push(0);
+        return r.concat(x);
+    }
+
+    function multiplyKaratsuba(x, y) {
+        var n = Math.max(x.length, y.length);
+
+        if (n <= 400) return multiplyLong(x, y);
+        n = Math.ceil(n / 2);
+
+        var b = x.slice(n),
+            a = x.slice(0, n),
+            d = y.slice(n),
+            c = y.slice(0, n);
+
+        var ac = multiplyKaratsuba(a, c),
+            bd = multiplyKaratsuba(b, d),
+            abcd = multiplyKaratsuba(addAny(a, b), addAny(c, d));
+
+        return addAny(addAny(ac, shiftLeft(subtract(subtract(abcd, ac), bd), n)), shiftLeft(bd, 2 * n));
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.multiply = function (v) {
+        var value, n = parseValue(v),
+            a = this.value, b = n.value,
+            sign = this.sign !== n.sign,
+            abs;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            if (b === 0) return CACHE[0];
+            if (b === 1) return this;
+            if (b === -1) return this.negate();
+            abs = Math.abs(b);
+            if (abs < BASE) {
+                return new BigInteger(multiplySmall(a, abs), sign);
+            }
+            b = smallToArray(abs);
+        }
+        if (a.length + b.length > 4000) // Karatsuba is only faster for sufficiently large inputs
+            return new BigInteger(multiplyKaratsuba(a, b), sign);
+        return new BigInteger(multiplyLong(a, b), sign);
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.times = BigInteger.prototype.multiply;
+
+    function multiplySmallAndArray(a, b, sign) { // a >= 0
+        if (a < BASE) {
+            return new BigInteger(multiplySmall(b, a), sign);
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(multiplyLong(b, smallToArray(a)), sign);
+    }
+    SmallInteger.prototype["_multiplyBySmall"] = function (a) {
+            if (isPrecise(a.value * this.value)) {
+                return new SmallInteger(a.value * this.value);
+            }
+            return multiplySmallAndArray(Math.abs(a.value), smallToArray(Math.abs(this.value)), this.sign !== a.sign);
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype["_multiplyBySmall"] = function (a) {
+            if (a.value === 0) return CACHE[0];
+            if (a.value === 1) return this;
+            if (a.value === -1) return this.negate();
+            return multiplySmallAndArray(Math.abs(a.value), this.value, this.sign !== a.sign);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.multiply = function (v) {
+        return parseValue(v)["_multiplyBySmall"](this);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.times = SmallInteger.prototype.multiply;
+
+    function square(a) {
+        var l = a.length,
+            r = createArray(l + l),
+            base = BASE,
+            product, carry, i, a_i, a_j;
+        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+            a_i = a[i];
+            for (var j = 0; j < l; j++) {
+                a_j = a[j];
+                product = a_i * a_j + r[i + j];
+                carry = Math.floor(product / base);
+                r[i + j] = product - carry * base;
+                r[i + j + 1] += carry;
+            }
+        }
+        trim(r);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.square = function () {
+        return new BigInteger(square(this.value), false);
+    };
+
+    SmallInteger.prototype.square = function () {
+        var value = this.value * this.value;
+        if (isPrecise(value)) return new SmallInteger(value);
+        return new BigInteger(square(smallToArray(Math.abs(this.value))), false);
+    };
+
+    function divMod1(a, b) { // Left over from previous version. Performs faster than divMod2 on smaller input sizes.
+        var a_l = a.length,
+            b_l = b.length,
+            base = BASE,
+            result = createArray(b.length),
+            divisorMostSignificantDigit = b[b_l - 1],
+            // normalization
+            lambda = Math.ceil(base / (2 * divisorMostSignificantDigit)),
+            remainder = multiplySmall(a, lambda),
+            divisor = multiplySmall(b, lambda),
+            quotientDigit, shift, carry, borrow, i, l, q;
+        if (remainder.length <= a_l) remainder.push(0);
+        divisor.push(0);
+        divisorMostSignificantDigit = divisor[b_l - 1];
+        for (shift = a_l - b_l; shift >= 0; shift--) {
+            quotientDigit = base - 1;
+            quotientDigit = Math.floor((remainder[shift + b_l] * base + remainder[shift + b_l - 1]) / divisorMostSignificantDigit);
+            carry = 0;
+            borrow = 0;
+            l = divisor.length;
+            for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                carry += quotientDigit * divisor[i];
+                q = Math.floor(carry / base);
+                borrow += remainder[shift + i] - (carry - q * base);
+                carry = q;
+                if (borrow < 0) {
+                    remainder[shift + i] = borrow + base;
+                    borrow = -1;
+                } else {
+                    remainder[shift + i] = borrow;
+                    borrow = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            while (borrow !== 0) {
+                quotientDigit -= 1;
+                carry = 0;
+                for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                    carry += remainder[shift + i] - base + divisor[i];
+                    if (carry < 0) {
+                        remainder[shift + i] = carry + base;
+                        carry = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        remainder[shift + i] = carry;
+                        carry = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                borrow += carry;
+            }
+            result[shift] = quotientDigit;
+        }
+        // denormalization
+        remainder = divModSmall(remainder, lambda)[0];
+        return [arrayToSmall(result), arrayToSmall(remainder)];
+    }
+
+    function divMod2(a, b) { // Implementation idea shamelessly stolen from Silent Matt's library http://silentmatt.com/biginteger/
+        // Performs faster than divMod1 on larger input sizes.
+        var a_l = a.length,
+            b_l = b.length,
+            result = [],
+            part = [],
+            base = BASE,
+            guess, xlen, highx, highy, check;
+        while (a_l) {
+            part.unshift(a[--a_l]);
+            if (compareAbs(part, b) < 0) {
+                result.push(0);
+                continue;
+            }
+            xlen = part.length;
+            highx = part[xlen - 1] * base + part[xlen - 2];
+            highy = b[b_l - 1] * base + b[b_l - 2];
+            if (xlen > b_l) {
+                highx = (highx + 1) * base;
+            }
+            guess = Math.ceil(highx / highy);
+            do {
+                check = multiplySmall(b, guess);
+                if (compareAbs(check, part) <= 0) break;
+                guess--;
+            } while (guess);
+            result.push(guess);
+            part = subtract(part, check);
+        }
+        result.reverse();
+        return [arrayToSmall(result), arrayToSmall(part)];
+    }
+
+    function divModSmall(value, lambda) {
+        var length = value.length,
+            quotient = createArray(length),
+            base = BASE,
+            i, q, remainder, divisor;
+        remainder = 0;
+        for (i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+            divisor = remainder * base + value[i];
+            q = truncate(divisor / lambda);
+            remainder = divisor - q * lambda;
+            quotient[i] = q | 0;
+        }
+        return [quotient, remainder | 0];
+    }
+
+    function divModAny(self, v) {
+        var value, n = parseValue(v);
+        var a = self.value, b = n.value;
+        var quotient;
+        if (b === 0) throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero");
+        if (self.isSmall) {
+            if (n.isSmall) {
+                return [new SmallInteger(truncate(a / b)), new SmallInteger(a % b)];
+            }
+            return [CACHE[0], self];
+        }
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            if (b === 1) return [self, CACHE[0]];
+            if (b == -1) return [self.negate(), CACHE[0]];
+            var abs = Math.abs(b);
+            if (abs < BASE) {
+                value = divModSmall(a, abs);
+                quotient = arrayToSmall(value[0]);
+                var remainder = value[1];
+                if (self.sign) remainder = -remainder;
+                if (typeof quotient === "number") {
+                    if (self.sign !== n.sign) quotient = -quotient;
+                    return [new SmallInteger(quotient), new SmallInteger(remainder)];
+                }
+                return [new BigInteger(quotient, self.sign !== n.sign), new SmallInteger(remainder)];
+            }
+            b = smallToArray(abs);
+        }
+        var comparison = compareAbs(a, b);
+        if (comparison === -1) return [CACHE[0], self];
+        if (comparison === 0) return [CACHE[self.sign === n.sign ? 1 : -1], CACHE[0]];
+
+        // divMod1 is faster on smaller input sizes
+        if (a.length + b.length <= 200)
+            value = divMod1(a, b);
+        else value = divMod2(a, b);
+
+        quotient = value[0];
+        var qSign = self.sign !== n.sign,
+            mod = value[1],
+            mSign = self.sign;
+        if (typeof quotient === "number") {
+            if (qSign) quotient = -quotient;
+            quotient = new SmallInteger(quotient);
+        } else quotient = new BigInteger(quotient, qSign);
+        if (typeof mod === "number") {
+            if (mSign) mod = -mod;
+            mod = new SmallInteger(mod);
+        } else mod = new BigInteger(mod, mSign);
+        return [quotient, mod];
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.divmod = function (v) {
+        var result = divModAny(this, v);
+        return {
+            quotient: result[0],
+            remainder: result[1]
+        };
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.divmod = BigInteger.prototype.divmod;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.divide = function (v) {
+        return divModAny(this, v)[0];
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.over = SmallInteger.prototype.divide = BigInteger.prototype.over = BigInteger.prototype.divide;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.mod = function (v) {
+        return divModAny(this, v)[1];
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.remainder = SmallInteger.prototype.mod = BigInteger.prototype.remainder = BigInteger.prototype.mod;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.pow = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v),
+            a = this.value,
+            b = n.value,
+            value, x, y;
+        if (b === 0) return CACHE[1];
+        if (a === 0) return CACHE[0];
+        if (a === 1) return CACHE[1];
+        if (a === -1) return n.isEven() ? CACHE[1] : CACHE[-1];
+        if (n.sign) {
+            return CACHE[0];
+        }
+        if (!n.isSmall) throw new Error("The exponent " + n.toString() + " is too large.");
+        if (this.isSmall) {
+            if (isPrecise(value = Math.pow(a, b)))
+                return new SmallInteger(truncate(value));
+        }
+        x = this;
+        y = CACHE[1];
+        while (true) {
+            if (b & 1 === 1) {
+                y = y.times(x);
+                --b;
+            }
+            if (b === 0) break;
+            b /= 2;
+            x = x.square();
+        }
+        return y;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.pow = BigInteger.prototype.pow;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.modPow = function (exp, mod) {
+        exp = parseValue(exp);
+        mod = parseValue(mod);
+        if (mod.isZero()) throw new Error("Cannot take modPow with modulus 0");
+        var r = CACHE[1],
+            base = this.mod(mod);
+        if (base.isZero()) return CACHE[0];
+        while (exp.isPositive()) {
+            if (exp.isOdd()) r = r.multiply(base).mod(mod);
+            exp = exp.divide(2);
+            base = base.square().mod(mod);
+        }
+        return r;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.modPow = BigInteger.prototype.modPow;
+
+    function compareAbs(a, b) {
+        if (a.length !== b.length) {
+            return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        for (var i = a.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (a[i] !== b[i]) return a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.compareAbs = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v),
+            a = this.value,
+            b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) return 1;
+        return compareAbs(a, b);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.compareAbs = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v),
+            a = Math.abs(this.value),
+            b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            b = Math.abs(b);
+            return a === b ? 0 : a > b ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.compare = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v),
+            a = this.value,
+            b = n.value;
+        if (this.sign !== n.sign) {
+            return n.sign ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            return this.sign ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return compareAbs(a, b) * (this.sign ? -1 : 1);
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype.compareTo = BigInteger.prototype.compare;
+
+    SmallInteger.prototype.compare = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v),
+            a = this.value,
+            b = n.value;
+        if (n.isSmall) {
+            return a == b ? 0 : a > b ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        if (a < 0 !== n.sign) {
+            return a < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return a < 0 ? 1 : -1;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.compareTo = SmallInteger.prototype.compare;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.equals = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) === 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.eq = SmallInteger.prototype.equals = BigInteger.prototype.eq = BigInteger.prototype.equals;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.notEquals = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) !== 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.neq = SmallInteger.prototype.notEquals = BigInteger.prototype.neq = BigInteger.prototype.notEquals;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.greater = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) > 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.gt = SmallInteger.prototype.greater = BigInteger.prototype.gt = BigInteger.prototype.greater;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.lesser = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) < 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.lt = SmallInteger.prototype.lesser = BigInteger.prototype.lt = BigInteger.prototype.lesser;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) >= 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.geq = SmallInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals = BigInteger.prototype.geq = BigInteger.prototype.greaterOrEquals;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals = function (v) {
+        return this.compare(v) <= 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.leq = SmallInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals = BigInteger.prototype.leq = BigInteger.prototype.lesserOrEquals;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isEven = function () {
+        return (this.value[0] & 1) === 0;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isEven = function () {
+        return (this.value & 1) === 0;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isOdd = function () {
+        return (this.value[0] & 1) === 1;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isOdd = function () {
+        return (this.value & 1) === 1;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isPositive = function () {
+        return !this.sign;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isPositive = function () {
+        return this.value > 0;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isNegative = function () {
+        return this.sign;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isNegative = function () {
+        return this.value < 0;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isUnit = function () {
+        return false;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isUnit = function () {
+        return Math.abs(this.value) === 1;
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isZero = function () {
+        return false;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isZero = function () {
+        return this.value === 0;
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy = function (v) {
+        var n = parseValue(v);
+        var value = n.value;
+        if (value === 0) return false;
+        if (value === 1) return true;
+        if (value === 2) return this.isEven();
+        return this.mod(n).equals(CACHE[0]);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy = BigInteger.prototype.isDivisibleBy;
+
+    function isBasicPrime(v) {
+        var n = v.abs();
+        if (n.isUnit()) return false;
+        if (n.equals(2) || n.equals(3) || n.equals(5)) return true;
+        if (n.isEven() || n.isDivisibleBy(3) || n.isDivisibleBy(5)) return false;
+        if (n.lesser(25)) return true;
+        // we don't know if it's prime: let the other functions figure it out
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isPrime = function () {
+        var isPrime = isBasicPrime(this);
+        if (isPrime !== undefined) return isPrime;
+        var n = this.abs(),
+            nPrev = n.prev();
+        var a = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19],
+            b = nPrev,
+            d, t, i, x;
+        while (b.isEven()) b = b.divide(2);
+        for (i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+            x = bigInt(a[i]).modPow(b, n);
+            if (x.equals(CACHE[1]) || x.equals(nPrev)) continue;
+            for (t = true, d = b; t && d.lesser(nPrev) ; d = d.multiply(2)) {
+                x = x.square().mod(n);
+                if (x.equals(nPrev)) t = false;
+            }
+            if (t) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isPrime = BigInteger.prototype.isPrime;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime = function (iterations) {
+        var isPrime = isBasicPrime(this);
+        if (isPrime !== undefined) return isPrime;
+        var n = this.abs();
+        var t = iterations === undefined ? 5 : iterations;
+        // use the Fermat primality test
+        for (var i = 0; i < t; i++) {
+            var a = bigInt.randBetween(2, n.minus(2));
+            if (!a.modPow(n.prev(), n).isUnit()) return false; // definitely composite
+        }
+        return true; // large chance of being prime
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime = BigInteger.prototype.isProbablePrime;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.next = function () {
+        var value = this.value;
+        if (this.sign) {
+            return subtractSmall(value, 1, this.sign);
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(addSmall(value, 1), this.sign);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.next = function () {
+        var value = this.value;
+        if (value + 1 < MAX_INT) return new SmallInteger(value + 1);
+        return new BigInteger(MAX_INT_ARR, false);
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.prev = function () {
+        var value = this.value;
+        if (this.sign) {
+            return new BigInteger(addSmall(value, 1), true);
+        }
+        return subtractSmall(value, 1, this.sign);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.prev = function () {
+        var value = this.value;
+        if (value - 1 > -MAX_INT) return new SmallInteger(value - 1);
+        return new BigInteger(MAX_INT_ARR, true);
+    };
+
+    var powersOfTwo = [1];
+    while (powersOfTwo[powersOfTwo.length - 1] <= BASE) powersOfTwo.push(2 * powersOfTwo[powersOfTwo.length - 1]);
+    var powers2Length = powersOfTwo.length, highestPower2 = powersOfTwo[powers2Length - 1];
+
+    function shift_isSmall(n) {
+        return ((typeof n === "number" || typeof n === "string") && +Math.abs(n) <= BASE) ||
+            (n instanceof BigInteger && n.value.length <= 1);
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.shiftLeft = function (n) {
+        if (!shift_isSmall(n)) {
+            if (n.isNegative()) return this.shiftRight(n.abs());
+            return this.times(CACHE[2].pow(n));
+        }
+        n = +n;
+        if (n < 0) return this.shiftRight(-n);
+        var result = this;
+        while (n >= powers2Length) {
+            result = result.multiply(highestPower2);
+            n -= powers2Length - 1;
+        }
+        return result.multiply(powersOfTwo[n]);
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.shiftLeft = BigInteger.prototype.shiftLeft;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.shiftRight = function (n) {
+        var remQuo;
+        if (!shift_isSmall(n)) {
+            if (n.isNegative()) return this.shiftLeft(n.abs());
+            remQuo = this.divmod(CACHE[2].pow(n));
+            return remQuo.remainder.isNegative() ? remQuo.quotient.prev() : remQuo.quotient;
+        }
+        n = +n;
+        if (n < 0) return this.shiftLeft(-n);
+        var result = this;
+        while (n >= powers2Length) {
+            if (result.isZero()) return result;
+            remQuo = divModAny(result, highestPower2);
+            result = remQuo[1].isNegative() ? remQuo[0].prev() : remQuo[0];
+            n -= powers2Length - 1;
+        }
+        remQuo = divModAny(result, powersOfTwo[n]);
+        return remQuo[1].isNegative() ? remQuo[0].prev() : remQuo[0];
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.shiftRight = BigInteger.prototype.shiftRight;
+
+    function bitwise(x, y, fn) {
+        y = parseValue(y);
+        var xSign = x.isNegative(), ySign = y.isNegative();
+        var xRem = xSign ? x.not() : x,
+            yRem = ySign ? y.not() : y;
+        var xBits = [], yBits = [];
+        var xStop = false, yStop = false;
+        while (!xStop || !yStop) {
+            if (xRem.isZero()) { // virtual sign extension for simulating two's complement
+                xStop = true;
+                xBits.push(xSign ? 1 : 0);
+            }
+            else if (xSign) xBits.push(xRem.isEven() ? 1 : 0); // two's complement for negative numbers
+            else xBits.push(xRem.isEven() ? 0 : 1);
+
+            if (yRem.isZero()) {
+                yStop = true;
+                yBits.push(ySign ? 1 : 0);
+            }
+            else if (ySign) yBits.push(yRem.isEven() ? 1 : 0);
+            else yBits.push(yRem.isEven() ? 0 : 1);
+
+            xRem = xRem.over(2);
+            yRem = yRem.over(2);
+        }
+        var result = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < xBits.length; i++) result.push(fn(xBits[i], yBits[i]));
+        var sum = bigInt(result.pop()).negate().times(bigInt(2).pow(result.length));
+        while (result.length) {
+            sum = sum.add(bigInt(result.pop()).times(bigInt(2).pow(result.length)));
+        }
+        return sum;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.not = function () {
+        return this.negate().prev();
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.not = BigInteger.prototype.not;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.and = function (n) {
+        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a & b; });
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.and = BigInteger.prototype.and;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.or = function (n) {
+        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a | b; });
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.or = BigInteger.prototype.or;
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.xor = function (n) {
+        return bitwise(this, n, function (a, b) { return a ^ b; });
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.xor = BigInteger.prototype.xor;
+
+    function max(a, b) {
+        a = parseValue(a);
+        b = parseValue(b);
+        return a.greater(b) ? a : b;
+    }
+    function min(a,b) {
+        a = parseValue(a);
+        b = parseValue(b);
+        return a.lesser(b) ? a : b;
+    }
+    function gcd(a, b) {
+        a = parseValue(a).abs();
+        b = parseValue(b).abs();
+        if (a.equals(b)) return a;
+        if (a.isZero()) return b;
+        if (b.isZero()) return a;
+        if (a.isEven()) {
+            if (b.isOdd()) {
+                return gcd(a.divide(2), b);
+            }
+            return gcd(a.divide(2), b.divide(2)).multiply(2);
+        }
+        if (b.isEven()) {
+            return gcd(a, b.divide(2));
+        }
+        if (a.greater(b)) {
+            return gcd(a.subtract(b).divide(2), b);
+        }
+        return gcd(b.subtract(a).divide(2), a);
+    }
+    function lcm(a, b) {
+        a = parseValue(a).abs();
+        b = parseValue(b).abs();
+        return a.multiply(b).divide(gcd(a, b));
+    }
+    function randBetween(a, b) {
+        a = parseValue(a);
+        b = parseValue(b);
+        var low = min(a, b), high = max(a, b);
+        var range = high.subtract(low);
+        if (range.isSmall) return low.add(Math.round(Math.random() * range));
+        var length = range.value.length - 1;
+        var result = [], restricted = true;
+        for (var i = length; i >= 0; i--) {
+            var top = restricted ? range.value[i] : BASE;
+            var digit = truncate(Math.random() * top);
+            result.unshift(digit);
+            if (digit < top) restricted = false;
+        }
+        result = arrayToSmall(result);
+        return low.add(new BigInteger(result, false, typeof result === "number"));
+    }
+    var parseBase = function (text, base) {
+        var val = CACHE[0], pow = CACHE[1],
+            length = text.length;
+        if (2 <= base && base <= 36) {
+            if (length <= LOG_MAX_INT / Math.log(base)) {
+                return new SmallInteger(parseInt(text, base));
+            }
+        }
+        base = parseValue(base);
+        var digits = [];
+        var i;
+        var isNegative = text[0] === "-";
+        for (i = isNegative ? 1 : 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+            var c = text[i].toLowerCase(),
+                charCode = c.charCodeAt(0);
+            if (48 <= charCode && charCode <= 57) digits.push(parseValue(c));
+            else if (97 <= charCode && charCode <= 122) digits.push(parseValue(c.charCodeAt(0) - 87));
+            else if (c === "<") {
+                var start = i;
+                do { i++; } while (text[i] !== ">");
+                digits.push(parseValue(text.slice(start + 1, i)));
+            }
+            else throw new Error(c + " is not a valid character");
+        }
+        digits.reverse();
+        for (i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) {
+            val = val.add(digits[i].times(pow));
+            pow = pow.times(base);
+        }
+        return isNegative ? val.negate() : val;
+    };
+
+    function stringify(digit) {
+        var v = digit.value;
+        if (typeof v === "number") v = [v];
+        if (v.length === 1 && v[0] <= 36) {
+            return "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".charAt(v[0]);
+        }
+        return "<" + v + ">";
+    }
+    function toBase(n, base) {
+        base = bigInt(base);
+        if (base.isZero()) {
+            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
+            throw new Error("Cannot convert nonzero numbers to base 0.");
+        }
+        if (base.equals(-1)) {
+            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
+            if (n.isNegative()) return new Array(1 - n).join("10");
+            return "1" + new Array(+n).join("01");
+        }
+        var minusSign = "";
+        if (n.isNegative() && base.isPositive()) {
+            minusSign = "-";
+            n = n.abs();
+        }
+        if (base.equals(1)) {
+            if (n.isZero()) return "0";
+            return minusSign + new Array(+n + 1).join(1);
+        }
+        var out = [];
+        var left = n, divmod;
+        while (left.isNegative() || left.compareAbs(base) >= 0) {
+            divmod = left.divmod(base);
+            left = divmod.quotient;
+            var digit = divmod.remainder;
+            if (digit.isNegative()) {
+                digit = base.minus(digit).abs();
+                left = left.next();
+            }
+            out.push(stringify(digit));
+        }
+        out.push(stringify(left));
+        return minusSign + out.reverse().join("");
+    }
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.toString = function (radix) {
+        if (radix === undefined) radix = 10;
+        if (radix !== 10) return toBase(this, radix);
+        var v = this.value, l = v.length, str = String(v[--l]), zeros = "0000000", digit;
+        while (--l >= 0) {
+            digit = String(v[l]);
+            str += zeros.slice(digit.length) + digit;
+        }
+        var sign = this.sign ? "-" : "";
+        return sign + str;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.toString = function (radix) {
+        if (radix === undefined) radix = 10;
+        if (radix != 10) return toBase(this, radix);
+        return String(this.value);
+    };
+
+    BigInteger.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+        return +this.toString();
+    };
+    BigInteger.prototype.toJSNumber = BigInteger.prototype.valueOf;
+
+    SmallInteger.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+        return this.value;
+    };
+    SmallInteger.prototype.toJSNumber = SmallInteger.prototype.valueOf;
+
+    function parseStringValue(v) {
+            if (isPrecise(+v)) {
+                var x = +v;
+                if (x === truncate(x))
+                    return new SmallInteger(x);
+                throw "Invalid integer: " + v;
+            }
+            var sign = v[0] === "-";
+            if (sign) v = v.slice(1);
+            var split = v.split(/e/i);
+            if (split.length > 2) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + text.join("e"));
+            if (split.length === 2) {
+                var exp = split[1];
+                if (exp[0] === "+") exp = exp.slice(1);
+                exp = +exp;
+                if (exp !== truncate(exp) || !isPrecise(exp)) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + exp + " is not a valid exponent.");
+                var text = split[0];
+                var decimalPlace = text.indexOf(".");
+                if (decimalPlace >= 0) {
+                    exp -= text.length - decimalPlace;
+                    text = text.slice(0, decimalPlace) + text.slice(decimalPlace + 1);
+                }
+                if (exp < 0) throw new Error("Cannot include negative exponent part for integers");
+                text += (new Array(exp + 1)).join("0");
+                v = text;
+            }
+            var isValid = /^([0-9][0-9]*)$/.test(v);
+            if (!isValid) throw new Error("Invalid integer: " + v);
+            var r = [], max = v.length, l = LOG_BASE, min = max - l;
+            while (max > 0) {
+                r.push(+v.slice(min, max));
+                min -= l;
+                if (min < 0) min = 0;
+                max -= l;
+            }
+            trim(r);
+            return new BigInteger(r, sign);
+    }
+
+    function parseNumberValue(v) {
+            if (isPrecise(v)) return new SmallInteger(v);
+            return parseStringValue(v.toString());
+    }
+
+    function parseValue(v) {
+        if (typeof v === "number") {
+            return parseNumberValue(v);
+        }
+        if (typeof v === "string") {
+            return parseStringValue(v);
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+    // Pre-define numbers in range [-999,999]
+    var CACHE = function (v, radix) {
+        if (typeof v === "undefined") return CACHE[0];
+        if (typeof radix !== "undefined") return +radix === 10 ? parseValue(v) : parseBase(v, radix);
+        return parseValue(v);
+    };
+    for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+        CACHE[i] = new SmallInteger(i);
+        if (i > 0) CACHE[-i] = new SmallInteger(-i);
+    }
+    // Backwards compatibility
+    CACHE.one = CACHE[1];
+    CACHE.zero = CACHE[0];
+    CACHE.minusOne = CACHE[-1];
+    CACHE.max = max;
+    CACHE.min = min;
+    CACHE.gcd = gcd;
+    CACHE.lcm = lcm;
+    CACHE.isInstance = function (x) { return x instanceof BigInteger || x instanceof SmallInteger; };
+    CACHE.randBetween = randBetween;
+    return CACHE;
+})();
+
+// Node.js check
+if (typeof module !== "undefined" && module.hasOwnProperty("exports")) {
+    module.exports = bigInt;
+}