RubyGems - torquebox-console - Versions diffs - 0.2.3 → 0.2.4 - Mend

torquebox-console 0.2.3 → 0.2.4

Files changed (1088) hide show

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/showstatus.rb ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+require 'erb'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ShowStatus catches all empty responses and replaces them
+  # with a site explaining the error.
+  #
+  # Additional details can be put into <tt>rack.showstatus.detail</tt>
+  # and will be shown as HTML.  If such details exist, the error page
+  # is always rendered, even if the reply was not empty.
+  class ShowStatus
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+      @template = ERB.new(TEMPLATE)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+      empty = headers['Content-Length'].to_i <= 0
+      # client or server error, or explicit message
+      if (status.to_i >= 400 && empty) || env["rack.showstatus.detail"]
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        req = req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        message = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[status.to_i] || status.to_s
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        detail = detail = env["rack.showstatus.detail"] || message
+        body = @template.result(binding)
+        size = Rack::Utils.bytesize(body)
+        [status, headers.merge("Content-Type" => "text/html", "Content-Length" => size.to_s), [body]]
+      else
+        [status, headers, body]
+      end
+    end
+    def h(obj)                  # :nodoc:
+      case obj
+      when String
+        Utils.escape_html(obj)
+      else
+        Utils.escape_html(obj.inspect)
+      end
+    end
+    # :stopdoc:
+# adapted from Django <djangoproject.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
+# Used under the modified BSD license:
+# http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5
+TEMPLATE = <<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <title><%=h message %> at <%=h req.script_name + req.path_info %></title>
+  <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+  <style type="text/css">
+    html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
+    body * { padding:10px 20px; }
+    body * * { padding:0; }
+    body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; }
+    body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
+    h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
+    h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
+    table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }
+    td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
+    th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
+    #info { background:#f6f6f6; }
+    #info ol { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
+    #info ol li { font-family: monospace; }
+    #summary { background: #ffc; }
+    #explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="summary">
+    <h1><%=h message %> <span>(<%= status.to_i %>)</span></h1>
+    <table class="meta">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request Method:</th>
+        <td><%=h req.request_method %></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request URL:</th>
+      <td><%=h req.url %></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div>
+  <div id="info">
+    <p><%= detail %></p>
+  </div>
+  <div id="explanation">
+    <p>
+    You're seeing this error because you use <code>Rack::ShowStatus</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML
+    # :startdoc:
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/static.rb ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+module Rack
+  # The Rack::Static middleware intercepts requests for static files
+  # (javascript files, images, stylesheets, etc) based on the url prefixes or
+  # route mappings passed in the options, and serves them using a Rack::File
+  # object. This allows a Rack stack to serve both static and dynamic content.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /media from the "media" folder located
+  # in the current directory (ie media/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/media"]
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /css or /images from the folder "public"
+  # in the current directory (ie public/css/* and public/images/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/css", "/images"], :root => "public"
+  #
+  # Serve all requests to / with "index.html" from the folder "public" in the
+  # current directory (ie public/index.html):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => {"/" => 'index.html'}, :root => 'public'
+  #
+  # Serve all requests normally from the folder "public" in the current
+  # directory but uses index.html as default route for "/"
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => [""], :root => 'public', :index =>
+  #     'index.html'
+  #
+  # Set custom HTTP Headers for based on rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content, header_field => content}],
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  #  Rules for selecting files:
+  #
+  #  1) All files
+  #     Provide the :all symbol
+  #     :all => Matches every file
+  #
+  #  2) Folders
+  #     Provide the folder path as a string
+  #     '/folder' or '/folder/subfolder' => Matches files in a certain folder
+  #
+  #  3) File Extensions
+  #     Provide the file extensions as an array
+  #     ['css', 'js'] or %w(css js) => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #
+  #  4) Regular Expressions / Regexp
+  #     Provide a regular expression
+  #     %r{\.(?:css|js)\z} => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #     /\.(?:eot|ttf|otf|woff|svg)\z/ => Matches files ending in
+  #       the most common web font formats (.eot, .ttf, .otf, .woff, .svg)
+  #       Note: This Regexp is available as a shortcut, using the :fonts rule
+  #
+  #  5) Font Shortcut
+  #     Provide the :fonts symbol
+  #     :fonts => Uses the Regexp rule stated right above to match all common web font endings
+  #
+  #  Rule Ordering:
+  #    Rules are applied in the order that they are provided.
+  #    List rather general rules above special ones.
+  #
+  #  Complete example use case including HTTP header rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           # Cache all static files in public caches (e.g. Rack::Cache)
+  #           #  as well as in the browser
+  #           [:all, {'Cache-Control' => 'public, max-age=31536000'}],
+  #
+  #           # Provide web fonts with cross-origin access-control-headers
+  #           #  Firefox requires this when serving assets using a Content Delivery Network
+  #           [:fonts, {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*'}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  class Static
+    def initialize(app, options={})
+      @app = app
+      @urls = options[:urls] || ["/favicon.ico"]
+      @index = options[:index]
+      root = options[:root] || Dir.pwd
+      # HTTP Headers
+      @header_rules = options[:header_rules] || []
+      # Allow for legacy :cache_control option while prioritizing global header_rules setting
+      @header_rules.insert(0, [:all, {'Cache-Control' => options[:cache_control]}]) if options[:cache_control]
+      @headers = {}
+      @file_server = Rack::File.new(root, @headers)
+    end
+    def overwrite_file_path(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Hash) && @urls.key?(path) || @index && path =~ /\/$/
+    end
+    def route_file(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Array) && @urls.any? { |url| path.index(url) == 0 }
+    end
+    def can_serve(path)
+      route_file(path) || overwrite_file_path(path)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+      if can_serve(path)
+        env["PATH_INFO"] = (path =~ /\/$/ ? path + @index : @urls[path]) if overwrite_file_path(path)
+        @path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+        apply_header_rules
+        @file_server.call(env)
+      else
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+    end
+    # Convert HTTP header rules to HTTP headers
+    def apply_header_rules
+      @header_rules.each do |rule, headers|
+        apply_rule(rule, headers)
+      end
+    end
+    def apply_rule(rule, headers)
+      case rule
+      when :all    # All files
+        set_headers(headers)
+      when :fonts  # Fonts Shortcut
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(/\.(?:ttf|otf|eot|woff|svg)\z/)
+      when String  # Folder
+        path = ::Rack::Utils.unescape(@path)
+        set_headers(headers) if (path.start_with?(rule) || path.start_with?('/' + rule))
+      when Array   # Extension/Extensions
+        extensions = rule.join('|')
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(/\.(#{extensions})\z/)
+      when Regexp  # Flexible Regexp
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(rule)
+      else
+      end
+    end
+    def set_headers(headers)
+      headers.each { |field, content| @headers[field] = content }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/urlmap.rb ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::URLMap takes a hash mapping urls or paths to apps, and
+  # dispatches accordingly.  Support for HTTP/1.1 host names exists if
+  # the URLs start with <tt>http://</tt> or <tt>https://</tt>.
+  #
+  # URLMap modifies the SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO such that the part
+  # relevant for dispatch is in the SCRIPT_NAME, and the rest in the
+  # PATH_INFO.  This should be taken care of when you need to
+  # reconstruct the URL in order to create links.
+  #
+  # URLMap dispatches in such a way that the longest paths are tried
+  # first, since they are most specific.
+  class URLMap
+    NEGATIVE_INFINITY = -1.0 / 0.0
+    INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0
+    def initialize(map = {})
+      remap(map)
+    end
+    def remap(map)
+      @mapping = map.map { |location, app|
+        if location =~ %r{\Ahttps?://(.*?)(/.*)}
+          host, location = $1, $2
+        else
+          host = nil
+        end
+        unless location[0] == ?/
+          raise ArgumentError, "paths need to start with /"
+        end
+        location = location.chomp('/')
+        match = Regexp.new("^#{Regexp.quote(location).gsub('/', '/+')}(.*)", nil, 'n')
+        [host, location, match, app]
+      }.sort_by do |(host, location, _, _)|
+        [host ? -host.size : INFINITY, -location.size]
+      end
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+      script_name = env['SCRIPT_NAME']
+      hHost = env['HTTP_HOST']
+      sName = env['SERVER_NAME']
+      sPort = env['SERVER_PORT']
+      @mapping.each do |host, location, match, app|
+        unless hHost == host \
+            || sName == host \
+            || (!host && (hHost == sName || hHost == sName+':'+sPort))
+          next
+        end
+        next unless m = match.match(path.to_s)
+        rest = m[1]
+        next unless !rest || rest.empty? || rest[0] == ?/
+        env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = (script_name + location)
+        env['PATH_INFO'] = rest
+        return app.call(env)
+      end
+      [404, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain", "X-Cascade" => "pass"}, ["Not Found: #{path}"]]
+    ensure
+      env['PATH_INFO'] = path
+      env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = script_name
+    end
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/utils.rb ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+# -*- encoding: binary -*-
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'set'
+require 'tempfile'
+require 'rack/multipart'
+require 'time'
+major, minor, patch = RUBY_VERSION.split('.').map { |v| v.to_i }
+if major == 1 && minor < 9
+  require 'rack/backports/uri/common_18'
+elsif major == 1 && minor == 9 && patch == 2 && RUBY_PATCHLEVEL <= 320 && RUBY_ENGINE != 'jruby'
+  require 'rack/backports/uri/common_192'
+elsif major == 1 && minor == 9 && patch == 3 && RUBY_PATCHLEVEL < 125
+  require 'rack/backports/uri/common_193'
+else
+  require 'uri/common'
+end
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Utils contains a grab-bag of useful methods for writing web
+  # applications adopted from all kinds of Ruby libraries.
+  module Utils
+    # URI escapes. (CGI style space to +)
+    def escape(s)
+      URI.encode_www_form_component(s)
+    end
+    module_function :escape
+    # Like URI escaping, but with %20 instead of +. Strictly speaking this is
+    # true URI escaping.
+    def escape_path(s)
+      escape(s).gsub('+', '%20')
+    end
+    module_function :escape_path
+    # Unescapes a URI escaped string with +encoding+. +encoding+ will be the
+    # target encoding of the string returned, and it defaults to UTF-8
+    if defined?(::Encoding)
+      def unescape(s, encoding = Encoding::UTF_8)
+        URI.decode_www_form_component(s, encoding)
+      end
+    else
+      def unescape(s, encoding = nil)
+        URI.decode_www_form_component(s, encoding)
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :unescape
+    DEFAULT_SEP = /[&;] */n
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :key_space_limit
+    end
+    # The default number of bytes to allow parameter keys to take up.
+    # This helps prevent a rogue client from flooding a Request.
+    self.key_space_limit = 65536
+    # Stolen from Mongrel, with some small modifications:
+    # Parses a query string by breaking it up at the '&'
+    # and ';' characters.  You can also use this to parse
+    # cookies by changing the characters used in the second
+    # parameter (which defaults to '&;').
+    def parse_query(qs, d = nil, &unescaper)
+      unescaper ||= method(:unescape)
+      params = KeySpaceConstrainedParams.new
+      (qs || '').split(d ? /[#{d}] */n : DEFAULT_SEP).each do |p|
+        next if p.empty?
+        k, v = p.split('=', 2).map(&unescaper)
+        if cur = params[k]
+          if cur.class == Array
+            params[k] << v
+          else
+            params[k] = [cur, v]
+          end
+        else
+          params[k] = v
+        end
+      end
+      return params.to_params_hash
+    end
+    module_function :parse_query
+    def parse_nested_query(qs, d = nil)
+      params = KeySpaceConstrainedParams.new
+      (qs || '').split(d ? /[#{d}] */n : DEFAULT_SEP).each do |p|
+        k, v = p.split('=', 2).map { |s| unescape(s) }
+        normalize_params(params, k, v)
+      end
+      return params.to_params_hash
+    end
+    module_function :parse_nested_query
+    def normalize_params(params, name, v = nil)
+      name =~ %r(\A[\[\]]*([^\[\]]+)\]*)
+      k = $1 || ''
+      after = $' || ''
+      return if k.empty?
+      if after == ""
+        params[k] = v
+      elsif after == "[]"
+        params[k] ||= []
+        raise TypeError, "expected Array (got #{params[k].class.name}) for param `#{k}'" unless params[k].is_a?(Array)
+        params[k] << v
+      elsif after =~ %r(^\[\]\[([^\[\]]+)\]$) || after =~ %r(^\[\](.+)$)
+        child_key = $1
+        params[k] ||= []
+        raise TypeError, "expected Array (got #{params[k].class.name}) for param `#{k}'" unless params[k].is_a?(Array)
+        if params_hash_type?(params[k].last) && !params[k].last.key?(child_key)
+          normalize_params(params[k].last, child_key, v)
+        else
+          params[k] << normalize_params(params.class.new, child_key, v)
+        end
+      else
+        params[k] ||= params.class.new
+        raise TypeError, "expected Hash (got #{params[k].class.name}) for param `#{k}'" unless params_hash_type?(params[k])
+        params[k] = normalize_params(params[k], after, v)
+      end
+      return params
+    end
+    module_function :normalize_params
+    def params_hash_type?(obj)
+      obj.kind_of?(KeySpaceConstrainedParams) || obj.kind_of?(Hash)
+    end
+    module_function :params_hash_type?
+    def build_query(params)
+      params.map { |k, v|
+        if v.class == Array
+          build_query(v.map { |x| [k, x] })
+        else
+          v.nil? ? escape(k) : "#{escape(k)}=#{escape(v)}"
+        end
+      }.join("&")
+    end
+    module_function :build_query
+    def build_nested_query(value, prefix = nil)
+      case value
+      when Array
+        value.map { |v|
+          build_nested_query(v, "#{prefix}[]")
+        }.join("&")
+      when Hash
+        value.map { |k, v|
+          build_nested_query(v, prefix ? "#{prefix}[#{escape(k)}]" : escape(k))
+        }.join("&")
+      when String
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a Hash" if prefix.nil?
+        "#{prefix}=#{escape(value)}"
+      else
+        prefix
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :build_nested_query
+    def q_values(q_value_header)
+      q_value_header.to_s.split(/\s*,\s*/).map do |part|
+        value, parameters = part.split(/\s*;\s*/, 2)
+        quality = 1.0
+        if md = /\Aq=([\d.]+)/.match(parameters)
+          quality = md[1].to_f
+        end
+        [value, quality]
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :q_values
+    def best_q_match(q_value_header, available_mimes)
+      values = q_values(q_value_header)
+      values.map do |req_mime, quality|
+        match = available_mimes.first { |am| Rack::Mime.match?(am, req_mime) }
+        next unless match
+        [match, quality]
+      end.compact.sort_by do |match, quality|
+        (match.split('/', 2).count('*') * -10) + quality
+      end.last.first
+    end
+    module_function :best_q_match
+    ESCAPE_HTML = {
+      "&" => "&amp;",
+      "<" => "&lt;",
+      ">" => "&gt;",
+      "'" => "&#x27;",
+      '"' => "&quot;",
+      "/" => "&#x2F;"
+    }
+    if //.respond_to?(:encoding)
+      ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN = Regexp.union(*ESCAPE_HTML.keys)
+    else
+      # On 1.8, there is a kcode = 'u' bug that allows for XSS otherwhise
+      # TODO doesn't apply to jruby, so a better condition above might be preferable?
+      ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN = /#{Regexp.union(*ESCAPE_HTML.keys)}/n
+    end
+    # Escape ampersands, brackets and quotes to their HTML/XML entities.
+    def escape_html(string)
+      string.to_s.gsub(ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN){|c| ESCAPE_HTML[c] }
+    end
+    module_function :escape_html
+    def select_best_encoding(available_encodings, accept_encoding)
+      # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
+      expanded_accept_encoding =
+        accept_encoding.map { |m, q|
+          if m == "*"
+            (available_encodings - accept_encoding.map { |m2, _| m2 }).map { |m2| [m2, q] }
+          else
+            [[m, q]]
+          end
+        }.inject([]) { |mem, list|
+          mem + list
+        }
+      encoding_candidates = expanded_accept_encoding.sort_by { |_, q| -q }.map { |m, _| m }
+      unless encoding_candidates.include?("identity")
+        encoding_candidates.push("identity")
+      end
+      expanded_accept_encoding.find_all { |m, q|
+        q == 0.0
+      }.each { |m, _|
+        encoding_candidates.delete(m)
+      }
+      return (encoding_candidates & available_encodings)[0]
+    end
+    module_function :select_best_encoding
+    def set_cookie_header!(header, key, value)
+      case value
+      when Hash
+        domain  = "; domain="  + value[:domain] if value[:domain]
+        path    = "; path="    + value[:path]   if value[:path]
+        max_age = "; max-age=" + value[:max_age] if value[:max_age]
+        # There is an RFC mess in the area of date formatting for Cookies. Not
+        # only are there contradicting RFCs and examples within RFC text, but
+        # there are also numerous conflicting names of fields and partially
+        # cross-applicable specifications.
+        #
+        # These are best described in RFC 2616 3.3.1. This RFC text also
+        # specifies that RFC 822 as updated by RFC 1123 is preferred. That is a
+        # fixed length format with space-date delimeted fields.
+        #
+        # See also RFC 1123 section 5.2.14.
+        #
+        # RFC 6265 also specifies "sane-cookie-date" as RFC 1123 date, defined
+        # in RFC 2616 3.3.1. RFC 6265 also gives examples that clearly denote
+        # the space delimited format. These formats are compliant with RFC 2822.
+        #
+        # For reference, all involved RFCs are:
+        # RFC 822
+        # RFC 1123
+        # RFC 2109
+        # RFC 2616
+        # RFC 2822
+        # RFC 2965
+        # RFC 6265
+        expires = "; expires=" +
+          rfc2822(value[:expires].clone.gmtime) if value[:expires]
+        secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
+        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if value[:httponly]
+        value = value[:value]
+      end
+      value = [value] unless Array === value
+      cookie = escape(key) + "=" +
+        value.map { |v| escape v }.join("&") +
+        "#{domain}#{path}#{max_age}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}"
+      case header["Set-Cookie"]
+      when nil, ''
+        header["Set-Cookie"] = cookie
+      when String
+        header["Set-Cookie"] = [header["Set-Cookie"], cookie].join("\n")
+      when Array
+        header["Set-Cookie"] = (header["Set-Cookie"] + [cookie]).join("\n")
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+    module_function :set_cookie_header!
+    def delete_cookie_header!(header, key, value = {})
+      case header["Set-Cookie"]
+      when nil, ''
+        cookies = []
+      when String
+        cookies = header["Set-Cookie"].split("\n")
+      when Array
+        cookies = header["Set-Cookie"]
+      end
+      cookies.reject! { |cookie|
+        if value[:domain]
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=.*domain=#{value[:domain]}/
+        elsif value[:path]
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=.*path=#{value[:path]}/
+        else
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=/
+        end
+      }
+      header["Set-Cookie"] = cookies.join("\n")
+      set_cookie_header!(header, key,
+                 {:value => '', :path => nil, :domain => nil,
+                   :max_age => '0',
+                   :expires => Time.at(0) }.merge(value))
+      nil
+    end
+    module_function :delete_cookie_header!
+    # Return the bytesize of String; uses String#size under Ruby 1.8 and
+    # String#bytesize under 1.9.
+    if ''.respond_to?(:bytesize)
+      def bytesize(string)
+        string.bytesize
+      end
+    else
+      def bytesize(string)
+        string.size
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :bytesize
+    def rfc2822(time)
+      time.rfc2822
+    end
+    module_function :rfc2822
+    # Modified version of stdlib time.rb Time#rfc2822 to use '%d-%b-%Y' instead
+    # of '% %b %Y'.
+    # It assumes that the time is in GMT to comply to the RFC 2109.
+    #
+    # NOTE: I'm not sure the RFC says it requires GMT, but is ambigous enough
+    # that I'm certain someone implemented only that option.
+    # Do not use %a and %b from Time.strptime, it would use localized names for
+    # weekday and month.
+    #
+    def rfc2109(time)
+      wday = Time::RFC2822_DAY_NAME[time.wday]
+      mon = Time::RFC2822_MONTH_NAME[time.mon - 1]
+      time.strftime("#{wday}, %d-#{mon}-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
+    end
+    module_function :rfc2109
+    # Parses the "Range:" header, if present, into an array of Range objects.
+    # Returns nil if the header is missing or syntactically invalid.
+    # Returns an empty array if none of the ranges are satisfiable.
+    def byte_ranges(env, size)
+      # See <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.35>
+      http_range = env['HTTP_RANGE']
+      return nil unless http_range && http_range =~ /bytes=([^;]+)/
+      ranges = []
+      $1.split(/,\s*/).each do |range_spec|
+        return nil  unless range_spec =~ /(\d*)-(\d*)/
+        r0,r1 = $1, $2
+        if r0.empty?
+          return nil  if r1.empty?
+          # suffix-byte-range-spec, represents trailing suffix of file
+          r0 = size - r1.to_i
+          r0 = 0  if r0 < 0
+          r1 = size - 1
+        else
+          r0 = r0.to_i
+          if r1.empty?
+            r1 = size - 1
+          else
+            r1 = r1.to_i
+            return nil  if r1 < r0  # backwards range is syntactically invalid
+            r1 = size-1  if r1 >= size
+          end
+        end
+        ranges << (r0..r1)  if r0 <= r1
+      end
+      ranges
+    end
+    module_function :byte_ranges
+    # Constant time string comparison.
+    def secure_compare(a, b)
+      return false unless bytesize(a) == bytesize(b)
+      l = a.unpack("C*")
+      r, i = 0, -1
+      b.each_byte { |v| r |= v ^ l[i+=1] }
+      r == 0
+    end
+    module_function :secure_compare
+    # Context allows the use of a compatible middleware at different points
+    # in a request handling stack. A compatible middleware must define
+    # #context which should take the arguments env and app. The first of which
+    # would be the request environment. The second of which would be the rack
+    # application that the request would be forwarded to.
+    class Context
+      attr_reader :for, :app
+      def initialize(app_f, app_r)
+        raise 'running context does not respond to #context' unless app_f.respond_to? :context
+        @for, @app = app_f, app_r
+      end
+      def call(env)
+        @for.context(env, @app)
+      end
+      def recontext(app)
+        self.class.new(@for, app)
+      end
+      def context(env, app=@app)
+        recontext(app).call(env)
+      end
+    end
+    # A case-insensitive Hash that preserves the original case of a
+    # header when set.
+    class HeaderHash < Hash
+      def self.new(hash={})
+        HeaderHash === hash ? hash : super(hash)
+      end
+      def initialize(hash={})
+        super()
+        @names = {}
+        hash.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+      end
+      def each
+        super do |k, v|
+          yield(k, v.respond_to?(:to_ary) ? v.to_ary.join("\n") : v)
+        end
+      end
+      def to_hash
+        hash = {}
+        each { |k,v| hash[k] = v }
+        hash
+      end
+      def [](k)
+        super(k) || super(@names[k.downcase])
+      end
+      def []=(k, v)
+        canonical = k.downcase
+        delete k if @names[canonical] && @names[canonical] != k # .delete is expensive, don't invoke it unless necessary
+        @names[k] = @names[canonical] = k
+        super k, v
+      end
+      def delete(k)
+        canonical = k.downcase
+        result = super @names.delete(canonical)
+        @names.delete_if { |name,| name.downcase == canonical }
+        result
+      end
+      def include?(k)
+        @names.include?(k) || @names.include?(k.downcase)
+      end
+      alias_method :has_key?, :include?
+      alias_method :member?, :include?
+      alias_method :key?, :include?
+      def merge!(other)
+        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+        self
+      end
+      def merge(other)
+        hash = dup
+        hash.merge! other
+      end
+      def replace(other)
+        clear
+        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+        self
+      end
+    end
+    class KeySpaceConstrainedParams
+      def initialize(limit = Utils.key_space_limit)
+        @limit  = limit
+        @size   = 0
+        @params = {}
+      end
+      def [](key)
+        @params[key]
+      end
+      def []=(key, value)
+        @size += key.size if key && !@params.key?(key)
+        raise RangeError, 'exceeded available parameter key space' if @size > @limit
+        @params[key] = value
+      end
+      def key?(key)
+        @params.key?(key)
+      end
+      def to_params_hash
+        hash = @params
+        hash.keys.each do |key|
+          value = hash[key]
+          if value.kind_of?(self.class)
+            hash[key] = value.to_params_hash
+          elsif value.kind_of?(Array)
+            value.map! {|x| x.kind_of?(self.class) ? x.to_params_hash : x}
+          end
+        end
+        hash
+      end
+    end
+    # Every standard HTTP code mapped to the appropriate message.
+    # Generated with:
+    # irb -ropen-uri -rnokogiri
+    # > Nokogiri::XML(open("http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xml")).css("record").each{|r|
+    #         puts "#{r.css('value').text} => '#{r.css('description').text}'"}
+    HTTP_STATUS_CODES = {
+      100 => 'Continue',
+      101 => 'Switching Protocols',
+      102 => 'Processing',
+      200 => 'OK',
+      201 => 'Created',
+      202 => 'Accepted',
+      203 => 'Non-Authoritative Information',
+      204 => 'No Content',
+      205 => 'Reset Content',
+      206 => 'Partial Content',
+      207 => 'Multi-Status',
+      208 => 'Already Reported',
+      226 => 'IM Used',
+      300 => 'Multiple Choices',
+      301 => 'Moved Permanently',
+      302 => 'Found',
+      303 => 'See Other',
+      304 => 'Not Modified',
+      305 => 'Use Proxy',
+      306 => 'Reserved',
+      307 => 'Temporary Redirect',
+      308 => 'Permanent Redirect',
+      400 => 'Bad Request',
+      401 => 'Unauthorized',
+      402 => 'Payment Required',
+      403 => 'Forbidden',
+      404 => 'Not Found',
+      405 => 'Method Not Allowed',
+      406 => 'Not Acceptable',
+      407 => 'Proxy Authentication Required',
+      408 => 'Request Timeout',
+      409 => 'Conflict',
+      410 => 'Gone',
+      411 => 'Length Required',
+      412 => 'Precondition Failed',
+      413 => 'Request Entity Too Large',
+      414 => 'Request-URI Too Long',
+      415 => 'Unsupported Media Type',
+      416 => 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
+      417 => 'Expectation Failed',
+      422 => 'Unprocessable Entity',
+      423 => 'Locked',
+      424 => 'Failed Dependency',
+      425 => 'Reserved for WebDAV advanced collections expired proposal',
+      426 => 'Upgrade Required',
+      427 => 'Unassigned',
+      428 => 'Precondition Required',
+      429 => 'Too Many Requests',
+      430 => 'Unassigned',
+      431 => 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
+      500 => 'Internal Server Error',
+      501 => 'Not Implemented',
+      502 => 'Bad Gateway',
+      503 => 'Service Unavailable',
+      504 => 'Gateway Timeout',
+      505 => 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
+      506 => 'Variant Also Negotiates (Experimental)',
+      507 => 'Insufficient Storage',
+      508 => 'Loop Detected',
+      509 => 'Unassigned',
+      510 => 'Not Extended',
+      511 => 'Network Authentication Required'
+    }
+    # Responses with HTTP status codes that should not have an entity body
+    STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY = Set.new((100..199).to_a << 204 << 205 << 304)
+    SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE = Hash[*HTTP_STATUS_CODES.map { |code, message|
+      [message.downcase.gsub(/\s|-/, '_').to_sym, code]
+    }.flatten]
+    def status_code(status)
+      if status.is_a?(Symbol)
+        SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE[status] || 500
+      else
+        status.to_i
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :status_code
+    Multipart = Rack::Multipart
+  end
+end