RubyGems - torquebox-console - Versions diffs - 0.2.2 → 0.2.3 - Mend

torquebox-console 0.2.2 → 0.2.3

Files changed (1373) hide show

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/showstatus.rb ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+require 'erb'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ShowStatus catches all empty responses and replaces them
+  # with a site explaining the error.
+  #
+  # Additional details can be put into <tt>rack.showstatus.detail</tt>
+  # and will be shown as HTML.  If such details exist, the error page
+  # is always rendered, even if the reply was not empty.
+  class ShowStatus
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+      @template = ERB.new(TEMPLATE)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+      empty = headers['Content-Length'].to_i <= 0
+      # client or server error, or explicit message
+      if (status.to_i >= 400 && empty) || env["rack.showstatus.detail"]
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        req = req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        message = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[status.to_i] || status.to_s
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        detail = detail = env["rack.showstatus.detail"] || message
+        body = @template.result(binding)
+        size = Rack::Utils.bytesize(body)
+        [status, headers.merge("Content-Type" => "text/html", "Content-Length" => size.to_s), [body]]
+      else
+        [status, headers, body]
+      end
+    end
+    def h(obj)                  # :nodoc:
+      case obj
+      when String
+        Utils.escape_html(obj)
+      else
+        Utils.escape_html(obj.inspect)
+      end
+    end
+    # :stopdoc:
+# adapted from Django <djangoproject.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
+# Used under the modified BSD license:
+# http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5
+TEMPLATE = <<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <title><%=h message %> at <%=h req.script_name + req.path_info %></title>
+  <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+  <style type="text/css">
+    html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
+    body * { padding:10px 20px; }
+    body * * { padding:0; }
+    body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; }
+    body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
+    h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
+    h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
+    table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }
+    td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
+    th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
+    #info { background:#f6f6f6; }
+    #info ol { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
+    #info ol li { font-family: monospace; }
+    #summary { background: #ffc; }
+    #explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="summary">
+    <h1><%=h message %> <span>(<%= status.to_i %>)</span></h1>
+    <table class="meta">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request Method:</th>
+        <td><%=h req.request_method %></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request URL:</th>
+      <td><%=h req.url %></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div>
+  <div id="info">
+    <p><%= detail %></p>
+  </div>
+  <div id="explanation">
+    <p>
+    You're seeing this error because you use <code>Rack::ShowStatus</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML
+    # :startdoc:
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/static.rb ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+module Rack
+  # The Rack::Static middleware intercepts requests for static files
+  # (javascript files, images, stylesheets, etc) based on the url prefixes or
+  # route mappings passed in the options, and serves them using a Rack::File
+  # object. This allows a Rack stack to serve both static and dynamic content.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /media from the "media" folder located
+  # in the current directory (ie media/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/media"]
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /css or /images from the folder "public"
+  # in the current directory (ie public/css/* and public/images/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/css", "/images"], :root => "public"
+  #
+  # Serve all requests to / with "index.html" from the folder "public" in the
+  # current directory (ie public/index.html):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => {"/" => 'index.html'}, :root => 'public'
+  #
+  # Serve all requests normally from the folder "public" in the current
+  # directory but uses index.html as default route for "/"
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => [""], :root => 'public', :index =>
+  #     'index.html'
+  #
+  # Set custom HTTP Headers for based on rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content, header_field => content}],
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  #  Rules for selecting files:
+  #
+  #  1) All files
+  #     Provide the :all symbol
+  #     :all => Matches every file
+  #
+  #  2) Folders
+  #     Provide the folder path as a string
+  #     '/folder' or '/folder/subfolder' => Matches files in a certain folder
+  #
+  #  3) File Extensions
+  #     Provide the file extensions as an array
+  #     ['css', 'js'] or %w(css js) => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #
+  #  4) Regular Expressions / Regexp
+  #     Provide a regular expression
+  #     %r{\.(?:css|js)\z} => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #     /\.(?:eot|ttf|otf|woff|svg)\z/ => Matches files ending in
+  #       the most common web font formats (.eot, .ttf, .otf, .woff, .svg)
+  #       Note: This Regexp is available as a shortcut, using the :fonts rule
+  #
+  #  5) Font Shortcut
+  #     Provide the :fonts symbol
+  #     :fonts => Uses the Regexp rule stated right above to match all common web font endings
+  #
+  #  Rule Ordering:
+  #    Rules are applied in the order that they are provided.
+  #    List rather general rules above special ones.
+  #
+  #  Complete example use case including HTTP header rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           # Cache all static files in public caches (e.g. Rack::Cache)
+  #           #  as well as in the browser
+  #           [:all, {'Cache-Control' => 'public, max-age=31536000'}],
+  #
+  #           # Provide web fonts with cross-origin access-control-headers
+  #           #  Firefox requires this when serving assets using a Content Delivery Network
+  #           [:fonts, {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*'}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  class Static
+    def initialize(app, options={})
+      @app = app
+      @urls = options[:urls] || ["/favicon.ico"]
+      @index = options[:index]
+      root = options[:root] || Dir.pwd
+      # HTTP Headers
+      @header_rules = options[:header_rules] || []
+      # Allow for legacy :cache_control option while prioritizing global header_rules setting
+      @header_rules.insert(0, [:all, {'Cache-Control' => options[:cache_control]}]) if options[:cache_control]
+      @headers = {}
+      @file_server = Rack::File.new(root, @headers)
+    end
+    def overwrite_file_path(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Hash) && @urls.key?(path) || @index && path =~ /\/$/
+    end
+    def route_file(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Array) && @urls.any? { |url| path.index(url) == 0 }
+    end
+    def can_serve(path)
+      route_file(path) || overwrite_file_path(path)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+      if can_serve(path)
+        env["PATH_INFO"] = (path =~ /\/$/ ? path + @index : @urls[path]) if overwrite_file_path(path)
+        @path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+        apply_header_rules
+        @file_server.call(env)
+      else
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+    end
+    # Convert HTTP header rules to HTTP headers
+    def apply_header_rules
+      @header_rules.each do |rule, headers|
+        apply_rule(rule, headers)
+      end
+    end
+    def apply_rule(rule, headers)
+      case rule
+      when :all    # All files
+        set_headers(headers)
+      when :fonts  # Fonts Shortcut
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(/\.(?:ttf|otf|eot|woff|svg)\z/)
+      when String  # Folder
+        path = ::Rack::Utils.unescape(@path)
+        set_headers(headers) if (path.start_with?(rule) || path.start_with?('/' + rule))
+      when Array   # Extension/Extensions
+        extensions = rule.join('|')
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(/\.(#{extensions})\z/)
+      when Regexp  # Flexible Regexp
+        set_headers(headers) if @path.match(rule)
+      else
+      end
+    end
+    def set_headers(headers)
+      headers.each { |field, content| @headers[field] = content }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/urlmap.rb ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::URLMap takes a hash mapping urls or paths to apps, and
+  # dispatches accordingly.  Support for HTTP/1.1 host names exists if
+  # the URLs start with <tt>http://</tt> or <tt>https://</tt>.
+  #
+  # URLMap modifies the SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO such that the part
+  # relevant for dispatch is in the SCRIPT_NAME, and the rest in the
+  # PATH_INFO.  This should be taken care of when you need to
+  # reconstruct the URL in order to create links.
+  #
+  # URLMap dispatches in such a way that the longest paths are tried
+  # first, since they are most specific.
+  class URLMap
+    NEGATIVE_INFINITY = -1.0 / 0.0
+    INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0
+    def initialize(map = {})
+      remap(map)
+    end
+    def remap(map)
+      @mapping = map.map { |location, app|
+        if location =~ %r{\Ahttps?://(.*?)(/.*)}
+          host, location = $1, $2
+        else
+          host = nil
+        end
+        unless location[0] == ?/
+          raise ArgumentError, "paths need to start with /"
+        end
+        location = location.chomp('/')
+        match = Regexp.new("^#{Regexp.quote(location).gsub('/', '/+')}(.*)", nil, 'n')
+        [host, location, match, app]
+      }.sort_by do |(host, location, _, _)|
+        [host ? -host.size : INFINITY, -location.size]
+      end
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+      script_name = env['SCRIPT_NAME']
+      hHost = env['HTTP_HOST']
+      sName = env['SERVER_NAME']
+      sPort = env['SERVER_PORT']
+      @mapping.each do |host, location, match, app|
+        unless hHost == host \
+            || sName == host \
+            || (!host && (hHost == sName || hHost == sName+':'+sPort))
+          next
+        end
+        next unless m = match.match(path.to_s)
+        rest = m[1]
+        next unless !rest || rest.empty? || rest[0] == ?/
+        env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = (script_name + location)
+        env['PATH_INFO'] = rest
+        return app.call(env)
+      end
+      [404, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain", "X-Cascade" => "pass"}, ["Not Found: #{path}"]]
+    ensure
+      env['PATH_INFO'] = path
+      env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = script_name
+    end
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/utils/okjson.rb ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+#
+# Copyright 2011, 2012 Keith Rarick
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.
+# Imported from the above repo @ d4e8643ad92e14b37d11326855499c7e4108ed17
+# Namespace modified for vendoring under Rack::Utils
+require 'stringio'
+# Some parts adapted from
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
+module Rack::Utils::OkJson
+  Upstream = 'LTD7LBKLZWFF7OZK'
+  extend self
+  # Decodes a json document in string s and
+  # returns the corresponding ruby value.
+  # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
+  # a string in some other encoding, convert
+  # it first.
+  #
+  # String values in the resulting structure
+  # will be UTF-8.
+  def decode(s)
+    ts = lex(s)
+    v, ts = textparse(ts)
+    if ts.length > 0
+      raise Error, 'trailing garbage'
+    end
+    v
+  end
+  # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
+  # except that it does not accept atomic values.
+  def textparse(ts)
+    if ts.length < 0
+      raise Error, 'empty'
+    end
+    typ, _, val = ts[0]
+    case typ
+    when '{' then objparse(ts)
+    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+    else
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+  # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def valparse(ts)
+    if ts.length < 0
+      raise Error, 'empty'
+    end
+    typ, _, val = ts[0]
+    case typ
+    when '{' then objparse(ts)
+    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+    when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
+    else
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+  # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def objparse(ts)
+    ts = eat('{', ts)
+    obj = {}
+    if ts[0][0] == '}'
+      return obj, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+    k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+    obj[k] = v
+    if ts[0][0] == '}'
+      return obj, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+    loop do
+      ts = eat(',', ts)
+      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+      obj[k] = v
+      if ts[0][0] == '}'
+        return obj, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
+  def pairparse(ts)
+    (typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
+    if typ != :str
+      raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
+    end
+    ts = eat(':', ts)
+    v, ts = valparse(ts)
+    [k, v, ts]
+  end
+  # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+  def arrparse(ts)
+    ts = eat('[', ts)
+    arr = []
+    if ts[0][0] == ']'
+      return arr, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+    v, ts = valparse(ts)
+    arr << v
+    if ts[0][0] == ']'
+      return arr, ts[1..-1]
+    end
+    loop do
+      ts = eat(',', ts)
+      v, ts = valparse(ts)
+      arr << v
+      if ts[0][0] == ']'
+        return arr, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def eat(typ, ts)
+    if ts[0][0] != typ
+      raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
+    end
+    ts[1..-1]
+  end
+  # Scans s and returns a list of json tokens,
+  # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
+  def lex(s)
+    ts = []
+    while s.length > 0
+      typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
+      if typ == nil
+        raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
+      end
+      if typ != :space
+        ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
+      end
+      s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
+    end
+    ts
+  end
+  # Scans the first token in s and
+  # returns a 3-element list, or nil
+  # if s does not begin with a valid token.
+  #
+  # The first list element is one of
+  # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
+  # :val, :str, and :space.
+  #
+  # The second element is the lexeme.
+  #
+  # The third element is the value of the
+  # token for :val and :str, otherwise
+  # it is the lexeme.
+  def tok(s)
+    case s[0]
+    when ?{  then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?}  then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?:  then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?,  then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?[  then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?]  then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?n  then nulltok(s)
+    when ?t  then truetok(s)
+    when ?f  then falsetok(s)
+    when ?"  then strtok(s)
+    when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+    else          numtok(s)
+    end
+  end
+  def nulltok(s);  s[0,4] == 'null'  ? [:val, 'null',  nil]   : [] end
+  def truetok(s);  s[0,4] == 'true'  ? [:val, 'true',  true]  : [] end
+  def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' ? [:val, 'false', false] : [] end
+  def numtok(s)
+    m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
+    if m && m.begin(0) == 0
+      if m[3] && !m[2]
+        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])*(10**Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
+      elsif m[2]
+        [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
+      else
+        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
+      end
+    else
+      []
+    end
+  end
+  def strtok(s)
+    m = /"([^"\\]|\\["\/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
+    if ! m
+      raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
+    end
+    [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
+  end
+  def abbrev(s)
+    t = s[0,10]
+    p = t['`']
+    t = t[0,p] if p
+    t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
+    '`' + t + '`'
+  end
+  # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
+  # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
+  # Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
+  def unquote(q)
+    q = q[1...-1]
+    a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
+    rubydoesenc = false
+    # In ruby >= 1.9, a[w] is a codepoint, not a byte.
+    if a.class.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
+      a.force_encoding('UTF-8')
+      rubydoesenc = true
+    end
+    r, w = 0, 0
+    while r < q.length
+      c = q[r]
+      case true
+      when c == ?\\
+        r += 1
+        if r >= q.length
+          raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
+        end
+        case q[r]
+        when ?",?\\,?/,?'
+          a[w] = q[r]
+          r += 1
+          w += 1
+        when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
+          a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
+          r += 1
+          w += 1
+        when ?u
+          r += 1
+          uchar = begin
+            hexdec4(q[r,4])
+          rescue RuntimeError => e
+            raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
+          end
+          r += 4
+          if surrogate? uchar
+            if q.length >= r+6
+              uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
+              uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
+              if uchar != Ucharerr
+                # A valid pair; consume.
+                r += 6
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          if rubydoesenc
+            a[w] = '' << uchar
+            w += 1
+          else
+            w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
+          end
+        else
+          raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
+        end
+      when c == ?", c < Spc
+        raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
+      else
+        # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
+        # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
+        # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
+        # In ruby >= 1.9, c is a codepoint, not a byte,
+        # in which case this is still what we want.
+        a[w] = c
+        r += 1
+        w += 1
+      end
+    end
+    a[0,w]
+  end
+  # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
+  # bytes in string a at position i.
+  # Returns the number of bytes written.
+  def ucharenc(a, i, u)
+    case true
+    when u <= Uchar1max
+      a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
+      1
+    when u <= Uchar2max
+      a[i+0] = (Utag2 | ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      2
+    when u <= Uchar3max
+      a[i+0] = (Utag3 | ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+2] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      3
+    else
+      a[i+0] = (Utag4 | ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
+      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+2] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+      a[i+3] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+      4
+    end
+  end
+  def hexdec4(s)
+    if s.length != 4
+      raise Error, 'short'
+    end
+    (nibble(s[0])<<12) | (nibble(s[1])<<8) | (nibble(s[2])<<4) | nibble(s[3])
+  end
+  def subst(u1, u2)
+    if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
+      return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) | (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
+    end
+    return Ucharerr
+  end
+  def surrogate?(u)
+    Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
+  end
+  def nibble(c)
+    case true
+    when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
+    when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
+    when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
+    else
+      raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
+    end
+  end
+  # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
+  # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
+  # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
+  # X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
+  # No other value can be encoded, and an error will
+  # be raised if x contains any other value, such as
+  # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
+  # is not a String.
+  # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
+  def encode(x)
+    case x
+    when Hash    then objenc(x)
+    when Array   then arrenc(x)
+    else
+      raise Error, 'root value must be an Array or a Hash'
+    end
+  end
+  def valenc(x)
+    case x
+    when Hash    then objenc(x)
+    when Array   then arrenc(x)
+    when String  then strenc(x)
+    when Numeric then numenc(x)
+    when true    then "true"
+    when false   then "false"
+    when nil     then "null"
+    else
+      raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+  def objenc(x)
+    '{' + x.map{|k,v| keyenc(k) + ':' + valenc(v)}.join(',') + '}'
+  end
+  def arrenc(a)
+    '[' + a.map{|x| valenc(x)}.join(',') + ']'
+  end
+  def keyenc(k)
+    case k
+    when String then strenc(k)
+    else
+      raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+  def strenc(s)
+    t = StringIO.new
+    t.putc(?")
+    r = 0
+    # In ruby >= 1.9, s[r] is a codepoint, not a byte.
+    rubydoesenc = s.class.method_defined?(:encoding)
+    while r < s.length
+      case s[r]
+      when ?"  then t.print('\\"')
+      when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
+      when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
+      when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
+      when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
+      when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
+      when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
+      else
+        c = s[r]
+        case true
+        when rubydoesenc
+          begin
+            c.ord # will raise an error if c is invalid UTF-8
+            t.write(c)
+          rescue
+            t.write(Ustrerr)
+          end
+        when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
+          t.putc(c)
+        else
+          n = ucharcopy(t, s, r) # ensure valid UTF-8 output
+          r += n - 1 # r is incremented below
+        end
+      end
+      r += 1
+    end
+    t.putc(?")
+    t.string
+  end
+  def numenc(x)
+    if ((x.nan? || x.infinite?) rescue false)
+      raise Error, "Numeric cannot be represented: #{x}"
+    end
+    "#{x}"
+  end
+  # Copies the valid UTF-8 bytes of a single character
+  # from string s at position i to I/O object t, and
+  # returns the number of bytes copied.
+  # If no valid UTF-8 char exists at position i,
+  # ucharcopy writes Ustrerr and returns 1.
+  def ucharcopy(t, s, i)
+    n = s.length - i
+    raise Utf8Error if n < 1
+    c0 = s[i].ord
+    # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utagx
+      t.putc(c0)
+      return 1
+    end
+    raise Utf8Error if c0 < Utag2 # unexpected continuation byte?
+    raise Utf8Error if n < 2 # need continuation byte
+    c1 = s[i+1].ord
+    raise Utf8Error if c1 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c1
+    # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag3
+      raise Utf8Error if ((c0&Umask2)<<6 | (c1&Umaskx)) <= Uchar1max
+      t.putc(c0)
+      t.putc(c1)
+      return 2
+    end
+    # need second continuation byte
+    raise Utf8Error if n < 3
+    c2 = s[i+2].ord
+    raise Utf8Error if c2 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c2
+    # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag4
+      u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 | (c1&Umaskx)<<6 | (c2&Umaskx)
+      raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar2max
+      t.putc(c0)
+      t.putc(c1)
+      t.putc(c2)
+      return 3
+    end
+    # need third continuation byte
+    raise Utf8Error if n < 4
+    c3 = s[i+3].ord
+    raise Utf8Error if c3 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c3
+    # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
+    if c0 < Utag5
+      u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 | (c1&Umaskx)<<12 | (c2&Umaskx)<<6 | (c3&Umaskx)
+      raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar3max
+      t.putc(c0)
+      t.putc(c1)
+      t.putc(c2)
+      t.putc(c3)
+      return 4
+    end
+    raise Utf8Error
+  rescue Utf8Error
+    t.write(Ustrerr)
+    return 1
+  end
+  class Utf8Error < ::StandardError
+  end
+  class Error < ::StandardError
+  end
+  Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
+  Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
+  Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
+  Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
+  Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
+  Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
+  Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
+  Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
+  Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
+  Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
+  Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
+  Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
+  Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
+  Ustrerr = "\xef\xbf\xbd" # unicode "replacement char"
+  Usurrself = 0x10000
+  Usurr1 = 0xd800
+  Usurr2 = 0xdc00
+  Usurr3 = 0xe000
+  Spc = ' '[0]
+  Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
+end