tolaria 1.1.2 → 1.2.0

data/app/assets/javascripts/admin/lib/backbone.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Backbone 1.2.0
+// Backbone 1.2.3
 // https://github.com/jashkenas/backbone
 //
 // Copyright (c) Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud, and
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@
   // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
   var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
 
-  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
-  var array = [];
-  var slice = array.slice;
+  // Create a local reference to a common array method we'll want to use later.
+  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
 
   // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
-  Backbone.VERSION = '1.2.0';
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.2.3';
 
   // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
   // the `$` variable.
@@ -89,12 +88,60 @@
   // form param named `model`.
   Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
 
+  // Proxy Backbone class methods to Underscore functions, wrapping the model's
+  // `attributes` object or collection's `models` array behind the scenes.
+  //
+  // collection.filter(function(model) { return model.get('age') > 10 });
+  // collection.each(this.addView);
+  //
+  // `Function#apply` can be slow so we use the method's arg count, if we know it.
+  var addMethod = function(length, method, attribute) {
+    switch (length) {
+      case 1: return function() {
+        return _[method](this[attribute]);
+      };
+      case 2: return function(value) {
+        return _[method](this[attribute], value);
+      };
+      case 3: return function(iteratee, context) {
+        return _[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), context);
+      };
+      case 4: return function(iteratee, defaultVal, context) {
+        return _[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), defaultVal, context);
+      };
+      default: return function() {
+        var args = slice.call(arguments);
+        args.unshift(this[attribute]);
+        return _[method].apply(_, args);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+  var addUnderscoreMethods = function(Class, methods, attribute) {
+    _.each(methods, function(length, method) {
+      if (_[method]) Class.prototype[method] = addMethod(length, method, attribute);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Support `collection.sortBy('attr')` and `collection.findWhere({id: 1})`.
+  var cb = function(iteratee, instance) {
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) return iteratee;
+    if (_.isObject(iteratee) && !instance._isModel(iteratee)) return modelMatcher(iteratee);
+    if (_.isString(iteratee)) return function(model) { return model.get(iteratee); };
+    return iteratee;
+  };
+  var modelMatcher = function(attrs) {
+    var matcher = _.matches(attrs);
+    return function(model) {
+      return matcher(model.attributes);
+    };
+  };
+
   // Backbone.Events
   // ---------------
 
   // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
-  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
-  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // a custom event channel. You may bind a callback to an event with `on` or
+  // remove with `off`; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
   // succession.
   //
   //     var object = {};
@@ -109,25 +156,25 @@
 
   // Iterates over the standard `event, callback` (as well as the fancy multiple
   // space-separated events `"change blur", callback` and jQuery-style event
-  // maps `{event: callback}`), reducing them by manipulating `memo`.
-  // Passes a normalized single event name and callback, as well as any
-  // optional `opts`.
-  var eventsApi = function(iteratee, memo, name, callback, opts) {
+  // maps `{event: callback}`).
+  var eventsApi = function(iteratee, events, name, callback, opts) {
     var i = 0, names;
     if (name && typeof name === 'object') {
       // Handle event maps.
+      if (callback !== void 0 && 'context' in opts && opts.context === void 0) opts.context = callback;
       for (names = _.keys(name); i < names.length ; i++) {
-        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], name[names[i]], opts);
+        events = eventsApi(iteratee, events, names[i], name[names[i]], opts);
       }
     } else if (name && eventSplitter.test(name)) {
-      // Handle space separated event names.
+      // Handle space separated event names by delegating them individually.
       for (names = name.split(eventSplitter); i < names.length; i++) {
-        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], callback, opts);
+        events = iteratee(events, names[i], callback, opts);
       }
     } else {
-      memo = iteratee(memo, name, callback, opts);
+      // Finally, standard events.
+      events = iteratee(events, name, callback, opts);
     }
-    return memo;
+    return events;
   };
 
   // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
@@ -136,8 +183,7 @@
     return internalOn(this, name, callback, context);
   };
 
-  // An internal use `on` function, used to guard the `listening` argument from
-  // the public API.
+  // Guard the `listening` argument from the public API.
   var internalOn = function(obj, name, callback, context, listening) {
     obj._events = eventsApi(onApi, obj._events || {}, name, callback, {
         context: context,
@@ -154,7 +200,8 @@
   };
 
   // Inversion-of-control versions of `on`. Tell *this* object to listen to
-  // an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to.
+  // an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to
+  // for easier unbinding later.
   Events.listenTo =  function(obj, name, callback) {
     if (!obj) return this;
     var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
@@ -222,10 +269,9 @@
 
   // The reducing API that removes a callback from the `events` object.
   var offApi = function(events, name, callback, options) {
-    // No events to consider.
     if (!events) return;
 
-    var i = 0, length, listening;
+    var i = 0, listening;
     var context = options.context, listeners = options.listeners;
 
     // Delete all events listeners and "drop" events.
@@ -277,9 +323,9 @@
   };
 
   // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
-  // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. When multiple events are
-  // passed in using the space-separated syntax, the event will fire once for every
-  // event you passed in, not once for a combination of all events
+  // the callback is invoked, its listener will be removed. If multiple events
+  // are passed in using the space-separated syntax, the handler will fire
+  // once for each event, not once for a combination of all events.
   Events.once =  function(name, callback, context) {
     // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
     var events = eventsApi(onceMap, {}, name, callback, _.bind(this.off, this));
@@ -294,7 +340,7 @@
   };
 
   // Reduces the event callbacks into a map of `{event: onceWrapper}`.
-  // `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it as been called.
+  // `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it has been called.
   var onceMap = function(map, name, callback, offer) {
     if (callback) {
       var once = map[name] = _.once(function() {
@@ -347,35 +393,6 @@
     }
   };
 
-  // Proxy Underscore methods to a Backbone class' prototype using a
-  // particular attribute as the data argument
-  var addMethod = function(length, method, attribute) {
-    switch (length) {
-      case 1: return function() {
-        return _[method](this[attribute]);
-      };
-      case 2: return function(value) {
-        return _[method](this[attribute], value);
-      };
-      case 3: return function(iteratee, context) {
-        return _[method](this[attribute], iteratee, context);
-      };
-      case 4: return function(iteratee, defaultVal, context) {
-        return _[method](this[attribute], iteratee, defaultVal, context);
-      };
-      default: return function() {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments);
-        args.unshift(this[attribute]);
-        return _[method].apply(_, args);
-      };
-    }
-  };
-  var addUnderscoreMethods = function(Class, methods, attribute) {
-    _.each(methods, function(length, method) {
-      if (_[method]) Class.prototype[method] = addMethod(length, method, attribute);
-    });
-  };
-
   // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
   Events.bind   = Events.on;
   Events.unbind = Events.off;
@@ -464,10 +481,10 @@
     // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
     // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
     set: function(key, val, options) {
-      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
       if (key == null) return this;
 
       // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      var attrs;
       if (typeof key === 'object') {
         attrs = key;
         options = val;
@@ -481,33 +498,36 @@
       if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
 
       // Extract attributes and options.
-      unset           = options.unset;
-      silent          = options.silent;
-      changes         = [];
-      changing        = this._changing;
-      this._changing  = true;
+      var unset      = options.unset;
+      var silent     = options.silent;
+      var changes    = [];
+      var changing   = this._changing;
+      this._changing = true;
 
       if (!changing) {
         this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
         this.changed = {};
       }
-      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
 
-      // Check for changes of `id`.
-      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+      var current = this.attributes;
+      var changed = this.changed;
+      var prev    = this._previousAttributes;
 
       // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
-      for (attr in attrs) {
+      for (var attr in attrs) {
         val = attrs[attr];
         if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
         if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
-          this.changed[attr] = val;
+          changed[attr] = val;
         } else {
-          delete this.changed[attr];
+          delete changed[attr];
         }
         unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
       }
 
+      // Update the `id`.
+      this.id = this.get(this.idAttribute);
+
       // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
       if (!silent) {
         if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
@@ -559,13 +579,14 @@
     // determining if there *would be* a change.
     changedAttributes: function(diff) {
       if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
-      var val, changed = false;
       var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      var changed = {};
       for (var attr in diff) {
-        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
-        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+        var val = diff[attr];
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], val)) continue;
+        changed[attr] = val;
       }
-      return changed;
+      return _.size(changed) ? changed : false;
     },
 
     // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
@@ -584,12 +605,12 @@
     // Fetch the model from the server, merging the response with the model's
     // local attributes. Any changed attributes will trigger a "change" event.
     fetch: function(options) {
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      options = _.extend({parse: true}, options);
       var model = this;
       var success = options.success;
       options.success = function(resp) {
-        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp;
+        if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false;
         if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
         model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
       };
@@ -601,9 +622,8 @@
     // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
     // state will be `set` again.
     save: function(key, val, options) {
-      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes, wait;
-
       // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      var attrs;
       if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
         attrs = key;
         options = val;
@@ -611,8 +631,8 @@
         (attrs = {})[key] = val;
       }
 
-      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
-      wait = options.wait;
+      options = _.extend({validate: true, parse: true}, options);
+      var wait = options.wait;
 
       // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
       // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
@@ -623,35 +643,31 @@
         if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
       }
 
-      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
-      if (attrs && wait) {
-        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
-      }
-
       // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
       // updated with the server-side state.
-      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
       var model = this;
       var success = options.success;
+      var attributes = this.attributes;
       options.success = function(resp) {
         // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
         model.attributes = attributes;
         var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp;
-        if (wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
-        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
-          return false;
-        }
+        if (wait) serverAttrs = _.extend({}, attrs, serverAttrs);
+        if (serverAttrs && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false;
         if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
         model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
       };
       wrapError(this, options);
 
-      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}` to properly find new ids.
+      if (attrs && wait) this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+
+      var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
       if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs;
-      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+      var xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
 
       // Restore attributes.
-      if (attrs && wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+      this.attributes = attributes;
 
       return xhr;
     },
@@ -696,8 +712,8 @@
         _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
         urlError();
       if (this.isNew()) return base;
-      var id = this.id || this.attributes[this.idAttribute];
-      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(id);
+      var id = this.get(this.idAttribute);
+      return base.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') + encodeURIComponent(id);
     },
 
     // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
@@ -718,7 +734,7 @@
 
     // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
     isValid: function(options) {
-      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+      return this._validate({}, _.defaults({validate: true}, options));
     },
 
     // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
@@ -734,7 +750,8 @@
 
   });
 
-  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model, mapped to the
+  // number of arguments they take.
   var modelMethods = { keys: 1, values: 1, pairs: 1, invert: 1, pick: 0,
       omit: 0, chain: 1, isEmpty: 1 };
 
@@ -767,6 +784,16 @@
   var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
   var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
 
+  // Splices `insert` into `array` at index `at`.
+  var splice = function(array, insert, at) {
+    at = Math.min(Math.max(at, 0), array.length);
+    var tail = Array(array.length - at);
+    var length = insert.length;
+    for (var i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) tail[i] = array[i + at];
+    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) array[i + at] = insert[i];
+    for (i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) array[i + length + at] = tail[i];
+  };
+
   // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
   _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
 
@@ -781,7 +808,7 @@
     // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
     // models' attributes.
     toJSON: function(options) {
-      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+      return this.map(function(model) { return model.toJSON(options); });
     },
 
     // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
@@ -789,19 +816,21 @@
       return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
     },
 
-    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set. `models` may be Backbone
+    // Models or raw JavaScript objects to be converted to Models, or any
+    // combination of the two.
     add: function(models, options) {
       return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
     },
 
     // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
     remove: function(models, options) {
-      var singular = !_.isArray(models), removed;
+      options = _.extend({}, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
       models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
-      options || (options = {});
-      removed = this._removeModels(models, options);
+      var removed = this._removeModels(models, options);
       if (!options.silent && removed) this.trigger('update', this, options);
-      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+      return singular ? removed[0] : removed;
     },
 
     // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
@@ -809,83 +838,88 @@
     // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
     // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
     set: function(models, options) {
+      if (models == null) return;
+
       options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
-      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      if (options.parse && !this._isModel(models)) models = this.parse(models, options);
+
       var singular = !_.isArray(models);
-      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : models.slice();
-      var id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      models = singular ? [models] : models.slice();
+
       var at = options.at;
       if (at != null) at = +at;
       if (at < 0) at += this.length + 1;
+
+      var set = [];
+      var toAdd = [];
+      var toRemove = [];
+      var modelMap = {};
+
+      var add = options.add;
+      var merge = options.merge;
+      var remove = options.remove;
+
+      var sort = false;
       var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
       var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
-      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
-      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
-      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
-      var orderChanged = false;
 
       // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
       // from being added.
+      var model;
       for (var i = 0; i < models.length; i++) {
-        attrs = models[i];
+        model = models[i];
 
         // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
         // optionally merge it into the existing model.
-        if (existing = this.get(attrs)) {
-          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
-          if (merge && attrs !== existing) {
-            attrs = this._isModel(attrs) ? attrs.attributes : attrs;
+        var existing = this.get(model);
+        if (existing) {
+          if (merge && model !== existing) {
+            var attrs = this._isModel(model) ? model.attributes : model;
             if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
             existing.set(attrs, options);
-            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+            if (sortable && !sort) sort = existing.hasChanged(sortAttr);
+          }
+          if (!modelMap[existing.cid]) {
+            modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+            set.push(existing);
           }
           models[i] = existing;
 
         // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
         } else if (add) {
-          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
-          if (!model) continue;
-          toAdd.push(model);
-          this._addReference(model, options);
-        }
-
-        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
-        model = existing || model;
-        if (!model) continue;
-        id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
-        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[id])) {
-          order.push(model);
-
-          // Check to see if this is actually a new model at this index.
-          orderChanged = orderChanged || !this.models[i] || model.cid !== this.models[i].cid;
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(model, options);
+          if (model) {
+            toAdd.push(model);
+            this._addReference(model, options);
+            modelMap[model.cid] = true;
+            set.push(model);
+          }
         }
-
-        modelMap[id] = true;
       }
 
-      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      // Remove stale models.
       if (remove) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
-          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+          model = this.models[i];
+          if (!modelMap[model.cid]) toRemove.push(model);
         }
         if (toRemove.length) this._removeModels(toRemove, options);
       }
 
       // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
-      if (toAdd.length || orderChanged) {
+      var orderChanged = false;
+      var replace = !sortable && add && remove;
+      if (set.length && replace) {
+        orderChanged = this.length != set.length || _.some(this.models, function(model, index) {
+          return model !== set[index];
+        });
+        this.models.length = 0;
+        splice(this.models, set, 0);
+        this.length = this.models.length;
+      } else if (toAdd.length) {
         if (sortable) sort = true;
-        this.length += toAdd.length;
-        if (at != null) {
-          for (var i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) {
-            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
-          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
-          for (var i = 0; i < orderedModels.length; i++) {
-            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
-          }
-        }
+        splice(this.models, toAdd, at == null ? this.length : at);
+        this.length = this.models.length;
       }
 
       // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
@@ -893,10 +927,10 @@
 
       // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
       if (!options.silent) {
-        var addOpts = at != null ? _.clone(options) : options;
-        for (var i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) {
-          if (at != null) addOpts.index = at + i;
-          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, addOpts);
+        for (i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) {
+          if (at != null) options.index = at + i;
+          model = toAdd[i];
+          model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
         }
         if (sort || orderChanged) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
         if (toAdd.length || toRemove.length) this.trigger('update', this, options);
@@ -930,8 +964,7 @@
     // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
     pop: function(options) {
       var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
-      this.remove(model, options);
-      return model;
+      return this.remove(model, options);
     },
 
     // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
@@ -942,8 +975,7 @@
     // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
     shift: function(options) {
       var model = this.at(0);
-      this.remove(model, options);
-      return model;
+      return this.remove(model, options);
     },
 
     // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
@@ -967,10 +999,7 @@
     // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
     // `filter`.
     where: function(attrs, first) {
-      var matches = _.matches(attrs);
-      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
-        return matches(model.attributes);
-      });
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](attrs);
     },
 
     // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
@@ -983,16 +1012,19 @@
     // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
     // is added.
     sort: function(options) {
-      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      var comparator = this.comparator;
+      if (!comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
       options || (options = {});
 
+      var length = comparator.length;
+      if (_.isFunction(comparator)) comparator = _.bind(comparator, this);
+
       // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
-      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
-        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      if (length === 1 || _.isString(comparator)) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(comparator);
       } else {
-        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+        this.models.sort(comparator);
       }
-
       if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
       return this;
     },
@@ -1006,8 +1038,7 @@
     // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
     // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
     fetch: function(options) {
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      options = _.extend({parse: true}, options);
       var success = options.success;
       var collection = this;
       options.success = function(resp) {
@@ -1026,7 +1057,8 @@
     create: function(model, options) {
       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
       var wait = options.wait;
-      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
+      if (!model) return false;
       if (!wait) this.add(model, options);
       var collection = this;
       var success = options.success;
@@ -1080,31 +1112,26 @@
       return false;
     },
 
-    // Internal method called by both remove and set. Does not trigger any
-    // additional events. Returns true if anything was actually removed.
+    // Internal method called by both remove and set.
     _removeModels: function(models, options) {
-      var i, l, index, model, removed = false;
-      for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < models.length; i++) {
-        var model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+      var removed = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < models.length; i++) {
+        var model = this.get(models[i]);
         if (!model) continue;
-        var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
-        if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
-        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+
         var index = this.indexOf(model);
         this.models.splice(index, 1);
         this.length--;
+
         if (!options.silent) {
           options.index = index;
           model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
         }
-        models[j++] = model;
+
+        removed.push(model);
         this._removeReference(model, options);
-        removed = true;
       }
-      // We only need to slice if models array should be smaller, which is
-      // caused by some models not actually getting removed.
-      if (models.length !== j) models = models.slice(0, j);
-      return removed;
+      return removed.length ? removed : false;
     },
 
     // Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for
@@ -1123,6 +1150,9 @@
 
     // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
     _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      delete this._byId[model.cid];
+      var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+      if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
       if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
       model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
     },
@@ -1152,29 +1182,16 @@
   // right here:
   var collectionMethods = { forEach: 3, each: 3, map: 3, collect: 3, reduce: 4,
       foldl: 4, inject: 4, reduceRight: 4, foldr: 4, find: 3, detect: 3, filter: 3,
-      select: 3, reject: 3, every: 3, all: 3, some: 3, any: 3, include: 2,
-      contains: 2, invoke: 2, max: 3, min: 3, toArray: 1, size: 1, first: 3,
+      select: 3, reject: 3, every: 3, all: 3, some: 3, any: 3, include: 3, includes: 3,
+      contains: 3, invoke: 0, max: 3, min: 3, toArray: 1, size: 1, first: 3,
       head: 3, take: 3, initial: 3, rest: 3, tail: 3, drop: 3, last: 3,
       without: 0, difference: 0, indexOf: 3, shuffle: 1, lastIndexOf: 3,
-      isEmpty: 1, chain: 1, sample: 3, partition: 3 };
+      isEmpty: 1, chain: 1, sample: 3, partition: 3, groupBy: 3, countBy: 3,
+      sortBy: 3, indexBy: 3};
 
   // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
   addUnderscoreMethods(Collection, collectionMethods, 'models');
 
-  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
-  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
-
-  // Use attributes instead of properties.
-  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
-    if (!_[method]) return;
-    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
-      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
-        return model.get(value);
-      };
-      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
-    };
-  });
-
   // Backbone.View
   // -------------
 
@@ -1190,7 +1207,6 @@
   // if an existing element is not provided...
   var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
     this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
-    options || (options = {});
     _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
     this._ensureElement();
     this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
@@ -1199,7 +1215,7 @@
   // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
   var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
 
-  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  // List of view options to be set as properties.
   var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
 
   // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
@@ -1273,11 +1289,12 @@
     // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
     // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
     delegateEvents: function(events) {
-      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      events || (events = _.result(this, 'events'));
+      if (!events) return this;
       this.undelegateEvents();
       for (var key in events) {
         var method = events[key];
-        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[method];
         if (!method) continue;
         var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
         this.delegate(match[1], match[2], _.bind(method, this));
@@ -1290,6 +1307,7 @@
     // `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
     delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
       this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+      return this;
     },
 
     // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`.
@@ -1304,6 +1322,7 @@
     // `selector` and `listener` are both optional.
     undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
       this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+      return this;
     },
 
     // Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for
@@ -1540,7 +1559,7 @@
   // falls back to polling.
   var History = Backbone.History = function() {
     this.handlers = [];
-    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+    this.checkUrl = _.bind(this.checkUrl, this);
 
     // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
@@ -1633,7 +1652,7 @@
       this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
       this.root             = this.options.root;
       this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
-      this._hasHashChange   = 'onhashchange' in window;
+      this._hasHashChange   = 'onhashchange' in window && (document.documentMode === void 0 || document.documentMode > 7);
       this._useHashChange   = this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange;
       this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
       this._hasPushState    = !!(this.history && this.history.pushState);
@@ -1667,15 +1686,16 @@
       // support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants
       // `hashChange` but not `pushState`.
       if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && !this._usePushState) {
-        var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
-        iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
-        iframe.style.display = 'none';
-        iframe.tabIndex = -1;
+        this.iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
+        this.iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
+        this.iframe.style.display = 'none';
+        this.iframe.tabIndex = -1;
         var body = document.body;
         // Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready.
-        this.iframe = body.insertBefore(iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
-        this.iframe.document.open().close();
-        this.iframe.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment;
+        var iWindow = body.insertBefore(this.iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
+        iWindow.document.open();
+        iWindow.document.close();
+        iWindow.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment;
       }
 
       // Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers.
@@ -1713,7 +1733,7 @@
 
       // Clean up the iframe if necessary.
       if (this.iframe) {
-        document.body.removeChild(this.iframe.frameElement);
+        document.body.removeChild(this.iframe);
         this.iframe = null;
       }
 
@@ -1736,7 +1756,7 @@
       // If the user pressed the back button, the iframe's hash will have
       // changed and we should use that for comparison.
       if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
-        current = this.getHash(this.iframe);
+        current = this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow);
       }
 
       if (current === this.fragment) return false;
@@ -1751,7 +1771,7 @@
       // If the root doesn't match, no routes can match either.
       if (!this.matchRoot()) return false;
       fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
-      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+      return _.some(this.handlers, function(handler) {
         if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
           handler.callback(fragment);
           return true;
@@ -1794,12 +1814,18 @@
       // fragment to store history.
       } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
         this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
-        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe))) {
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow))) {
+          var iWindow = this.iframe.contentWindow;
+
           // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
           // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
           // want this.
-          if (!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
-          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+          if (!options.replace) {
+            iWindow.document.open();
+            iWindow.document.close();
+          }
+
+          this._updateHash(iWindow.location, fragment, options.replace);
         }
 
       // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-