testcentricity_web 3.2.0 → 3.2.1

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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+SHA1:
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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 
+## [3.2.1] - 2019-10-03
+
+### Changed
+* `CheckBox.visible?`, `CheckBox.disabled?`, and `CheckBox.get_value` methods now work with React and Ember checkboxes with
+proxy elements.
+* `Radio.visible?`, `Radio.disabled?`, and `Radio.get_value` methods now work with React and Ember radio buttons with
+proxy elements.
+
 ## [3.2.0] - 2019-07-28
 
 ### Added

data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    testcentricity_web (3.2.0)
+    testcentricity_web (3.2.1)
       appium_lib
       browserstack-local
       capybara (>= 3.1, < 4)
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ GEM
       appium_lib_core (~> 3.2)
       nokogiri (~> 1.8, >= 1.8.1)
       tomlrb (~> 1.1)
-    appium_lib_core (3.2.1)
+    appium_lib_core (3.2.2)
       faye-websocket (~> 0.10.0)
       selenium-webdriver (~> 3.14, >= 3.14.1)
     axiom-types (0.1.1)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ GEM
       ice_nine (~> 0.11.0)
       thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.1)
     browserstack-local (1.3.0)
-    capybara (3.27.0)
+    capybara (3.28.0)
       addressable
       mini_mime (>= 0.1.3)
       nokogiri (~> 1.8)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ GEM
       thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.1)
     equalizer (0.0.11)
     eventmachine (1.2.7)
-    faker (2.0)
+    faker (2.1.0)
       i18n (>= 0.7)
     faye-websocket (0.10.9)
       eventmachine (>= 0.12.0)

data/README.md

@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@ The TestCentricity™ Web gem supports running automated tests against the follo
 * desktop and emulated mobile web browsers hosted on Selenium Grid and Dockerized Selenium Grid environments
 * mobile Safari browsers on iOS device simulators or physical iOS devices (using Appium and XCode on OS X)
 * mobile Chrome or Android browsers on Android Studio virtual device emulators (using Appium and Android Studio on OS X)
-* cloud hosted desktop (Firefox, Chrome, Safari, IE, or Edge) or mobile (iOS Mobile Safari or Android) web browsers using the [Browserstack](https://www.browserstack.com/list-of-browsers-and-platforms?product=automate),
-[Sauce Labs](https://saucelabs.com/open-source#automated-testing-platform), [CrossBrowserTesting](https://crossbrowsertesting.com/selenium-testing),
-[TestingBot](https://testingbot.com/features), [Gridlastic](https://www.gridlastic.com/test-environments.html), or [LambdaTest](https://www.lambdatest.com/selenium-automation) services.
+* cloud hosted desktop (Firefox, Chrome, Safari, IE, or Edge) or mobile (iOS Mobile Safari or Android) web browsers using the following service:
+  * [Browserstack](https://www.browserstack.com/list-of-browsers-and-platforms?product=automate)
+  * [Sauce Labs](https://saucelabs.com/open-source#automated-testing-platform)
+  * [CrossBrowserTesting](https://crossbrowsertesting.com/selenium-testing)
+  * [TestingBot](https://testingbot.com/features)
+  * [Gridlastic](https://www.gridlastic.com/test-environments.html)
+  * [LambdaTest](https://www.lambdatest.com/selenium-automation)
 * web portals utilizing JavaScript front end application frameworks like Ember, React, Angular, and GWT
 * enterprise web portals built using Siebel Open UI
 * web pages containing HTML5 Video and Audio objects
@@ -855,7 +859,7 @@ Once your test environment is properly configured, the following **Environment V
 `WEB_BROWSER`       | Must be set to `appium`
 `APP_PLATFORM_NAME` | Must be set to `iOS`
 `APP_BROWSER`       | Must be set to `Safari`
-`APP_VERSION`       | Must be set to `11.2`, `10.3`, `9.3`, or which ever iOS version you wish to run within the XCode Simulator
+`APP_VERSION`       | Must be set to `12.2`, `11.4`, `10.3.1`, or which ever iOS version you wish to run within the XCode Simulator
 `APP_DEVICE`        | Set to iOS device name supported by the iOS Simulator (`iPhone 6s Plus`, `iPad Pro (10.5-inch)`, `iPad Air 2`, etc.) or name of physically connected iOS device
 `DEVICE_TYPE`       | Must be set to `phone` or `tablet`
 `APP_UDID`          | UDID of physically connected iOS device (not used for simulators)

data/lib/testcentricity_web.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ require 'testcentricity_web/appium_server'
 
 require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/drag_drop_helper'
 require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/page_objects_helper'
-require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/page_sections_helper'
+require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/page_object'
+require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/page_section'
 require 'testcentricity_web/web_core/webdriver_helper'
 
 require 'testcentricity_web/data_objects/data_objects_helper'

data/lib/testcentricity_web/data_objects/environment.rb

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ module TestCentricity
     WKS_ENVIRONS ||= 'Environments'
 
     def find_environ(environ_name, source_type = :excel)
-      case source_type
-      when :excel
-        data = ExcelData.read_row_data(XL_PRIMARY_DATA_FILE, WKS_ENVIRONS, environ_name)
-      when :yaml
-        data = read_yaml_node_data('environments.yml', environ_name)
-      when :json
-        data = read_json_node_data('environments.json', environ_name)
-      end
+      data = case source_type
+             when :excel
+               ExcelData.read_row_data(XL_PRIMARY_DATA_FILE, WKS_ENVIRONS, environ_name)
+             when :yaml
+               read_yaml_node_data('environments.yml', environ_name)
+             when :json
+               read_json_node_data('environments.json', environ_name)
+             end
       @current = Environ.new(data)
       Environ.current = @current
     end

data/lib/testcentricity_web/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module TestCentricityWeb
-  VERSION = '3.2.0'
+  VERSION = '3.2.1'
 end

data/lib/testcentricity_web/web_core/page_object.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+module TestCentricity
+  class PageObject < BasePageSectionObject
+    # Declare and instantiate a single generic UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of UI object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   element :siebel_view,  'div#_sweview'
+    #   element :siebel_busy,  "//html[contains(@class, 'siebui-busy')]"
+    #
+    def self.element(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::UIElement, locator)
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a collection of generic UI Elements for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_hash [Hash] names of UI objects (as a symbol) and CSS selectors or XPath expressions that uniquely identifies objects
+    # @example
+    #   elements  profile_item:  'a#profile',
+    #             settings_item: 'a#userPreferencesTrigger',
+    #             log_out_item:  'a#logout'
+    #
+    def self.elements(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:element))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single button UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of button object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   button :checkout_button, 'button.checkout_button'
+    #   button :login_button,    "//input[@id='submit_button']"
+    #
+    def self.button(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Button, locator)
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a collection of buttons for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_hash [Hash] names of buttons (as a symbol) and CSS selectors or XPath expressions that uniquely identifies buttons
+    # @example
+    #     buttons new_account_button:  'button#new-account',
+    #             save_button:         'button#save',
+    #             cancel_button:       'button#cancel'
+    #
+    def self.buttons(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:button))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single text field UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of text field object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   textfield :user_id_field,  "//input[@id='UserName']"
+    #   textfield :password_field, 'consumer_password'
+    #
+    def self.textfield(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::TextField, locator)
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a collection of text fields for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_hash [Hash] names of text fields (as a symbol) and CSS selectors or XPath expressions that uniquely identifies text fields
+    # @example
+    #       textfields  name_field:    'input#Name',
+    #                   title_field:   'input#Title',
+    #                   phone_field:   'input#PhoneNumber',
+    #                   fax_field:     'input#FaxNumber',
+    #                   email_field:   'input#Email'
+    #
+    def self.textfields(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:textfield))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single checkbox UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of checkbox object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @param proxy [Symbol] Optional name (as a symbol) of proxy object to receive click actions
+    # @example
+    #   checkbox :remember_checkbox,     "//input[@id='RememberUser']"
+    #   checkbox :accept_terms_checkbox, 'input#accept_terms_conditions', :accept_terms_label
+    #
+    def self.checkbox(element_name, locator, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::CheckBox.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a collection of checkboxes for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_hash [Hash] names of checkboxes (as a symbol) and CSS selectors or XPath expressions that uniquely identifies checkboxes
+    # @example
+    #       checkboxes  hazmat_certified_check:  'input#hazmatCertified',
+    #                   epa_certified_check:     'input#epaCertified',
+    #                   dhs_certified_check:     'input#homelandSecurityCertified',
+    #                   carb_compliant_check:    'input#carbCompliant'
+    #
+    def self.checkboxes(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:checkbox))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single radio button UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of radio object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @param proxy [Symbol] Optional name (as a symbol) of proxy object to receive click actions
+    # @example
+    #   radio :accept_terms_radio,  "//input[@id='Accept_Terms']"
+    #   radio :decline_terms_radio, '#decline_terms_conditions', :decline_terms_label
+    #
+    def self.radio(element_name, locator, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::Radio.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a collection of radio buttons for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_hash [Hash] names of radio buttons (as a symbol) and CSS selectors or XPath expressions that uniquely identifies radio buttons
+    # @example
+    #       radios  visa_radio:       'input#payWithVisa',
+    #               mastercard_radio: 'input#payWithMastercard',
+    #               discover_radio:   'input#payWithDiscover',
+    #               amex_radio:       'input#payWithAmEx'
+    #
+    def self.radios(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:radio))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single label UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of label object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   label :welcome_label,      'div.Welcome'
+    #   label :rollup_price_label, "//div[contains(@id, 'Rollup Item Price')]"
+    #
+    def self.label(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Label, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.labels(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:label))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single link UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of link object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   link :registration_link,    'a.account-nav__link.register'
+    #   link :shopping_basket_link, "//a[@href='shopping_basket']"
+    #
+    def self.link(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Link, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.links(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:link))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single table UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of table object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   table :payments_table, "//table[@class='payments_table']"
+    #
+    def self.table(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Table, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.tables(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:table))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single select list UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of select list object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   selectlist :category_selector, 'select#search_form_category_chosen'
+    #   selectlist :gender_select,     "//select[@id='customer_gender']"
+    #
+    def self.selectlist(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::SelectList, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.selectlists(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:selectlist))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single list UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of list object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   list :x_axis_list, 'g.x-axis'
+    #
+    def self.list(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::List, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.lists(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:list))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate an single image UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of image object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   image :basket_item_image,    'div.product_image'
+    #   image :corporate_logo_image, "//img[@alt='MyCompany_logo']"
+    #
+    def self.image(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Image, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.images(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:image))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single HTML5 video UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of an HTML5 video object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   video :video_player, 'video#my_video_player'
+    #
+    def self.video(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Video, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.videos(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:video))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single HTML5 audio UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of an HTML5 audio object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   audio :audio_player, 'audio#my_audio_player'
+    #
+    def self.audio(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::Audio, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.audios(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:audio))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a single File Field UI Element for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of file field object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] CSS selector or XPath expression that uniquely identifies object
+    # @example
+    #   filefield :attach_file, 's_SweFileName'
+    #
+    def self.filefield(element_name, locator)
+      define_page_element(element_name, TestCentricity::FileField, locator)
+    end
+
+    def self.filefields(element_hash)
+      element_hash.each(&method(:filefield))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a cell button in a table column on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of cell button object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies cell button within row and column of parent table object
+    # @param table [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent table object
+    # @param column [Integer] 1-based index of table column that contains the cell button object
+    # @example
+    #   cell_button  :show_button, "a[@class='show']", :data_table, 5
+    #   cell_button  :edit_button, "a[@class='edit']", :data_table, 5
+    #
+    def self.cell_button(element_name, locator, table, column)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::CellButton.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{table}, #{column});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a cell checkbox in a table column on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of cell checkbox object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies cell checkbox within row and column of parent table object
+    # @param table [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent table object
+    # @param column [Integer] 1-based index of table column that contains the cell checkbox object
+    # @example
+    #   cell_checkbox  :is_registered_check, "a[@class='registered']", :data_table, 4
+    #
+    def self.cell_checkbox(element_name, locator, table, column, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::CellCheckBox.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{table}, #{column}, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a cell radio in a table column on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of cell radio object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies cell radio within row and column of parent table object
+    # @param table [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent table object
+    # @param column [Integer] 1-based index of table column that contains the cell radio object
+    # @example
+    #   cell_radio  :track_a_radio, "a[@class='track_a']", :data_table, 8
+    #
+    def self.cell_radio(element_name, locator, table, column, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::CellRadio.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{table}, #{column}, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a cell image in a table column on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of cell image object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies cell image within row and column of parent table object
+    # @param table [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent table object
+    # @param column [Integer] 1-based index of table column that contains the cell image object
+    # @example
+    #   cell_image  :ready_icon, "img[@class='ready']", :data_table, 3
+    #   cell_image  :send_icon, "img[@class='send']", :data_table, 3
+    #
+    def self.cell_image(element_name, locator, table, column)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::CellImage.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{table}, #{column});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a list button in a row of a list object on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of list button object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies list button within row of parent list object
+    # @param list [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent list object
+    # @example
+    #   list_button  :delete_button, "a[@class='delete']", :icon_list
+    #   list_button  :edit_button, "a[@class='edit']", :icon_list
+    #
+    def self.list_button(element_name, locator, list)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::ListButton.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{list});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a list checkbox in a row of a list object on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of list checkbox object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies list checkbox within row of parent list object
+    # @param list [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent list object
+    # @example
+    #   list_checkbox  :is_registered_check, "a[@class='registered']", :data_list
+    #
+    def self.list_checkbox(element_name, locator, list, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::ListCheckBox.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{list}, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Declare and instantiate a list radio in a row of a list object on this page object.
+    #
+    # @param element_name [Symbol] name of list radio object (as a symbol)
+    # @param locator [String] XPath expression that uniquely identifies list radio within row of parent list object
+    # @param list [Symbol] Name (as a symbol) of parent list object
+    # @example
+    #   list_radio  :sharing_radio, "a[@class='sharing']", :data_list
+    #
+    def self.list_radio(element_name, locator, list, proxy = nil)
+      class_eval(%(def #{element_name};@#{element_name} ||= TestCentricity::ListRadio.new("#{element_name}", self, "#{locator}", :page, #{list}, #{proxy});end))
+    end
+
+    # Instantiate a single PageSection object for this page object.
+    #
+    # @param section_name [Symbol] name of PageSection object (as a symbol)
+    # @param class_name [String] Class name of PageSection object
+    # @example
+    #   section :search_form, SearchForm
+    #
+    def self.section(section_name, obj, locator = nil)
+      define_method(section_name) do
+        ivar_name = "@#{section_name}"
+        ivar = instance_variable_get(ivar_name)
+        return ivar if ivar
+        instance_variable_set(ivar_name, obj.new(section_name, self, "#{locator}", :page))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.sections(section_hash)
+      section_hash.each do |section_name, class_name|
+        section(section_name, class_name)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def open_portal
+      environment = Environ.current
+      url = environment.hostname.blank? ? "#{environment.base_url}#{environment.append}" : "#{environment.hostname}/#{environment.base_url}#{environment.append}"
+      if environment.user_id.blank? || environment.password.blank?
+        visit "#{environment.protocol}://#{url}"
+      else
+        visit "#{environment.protocol}://#{environment.user_id}:#{environment.password}@#{url}"
+      end
+      Environ.portal_state = :open
+    end
+
+    def verify_page_exists
+      raise "Page object #{self.class.name} does not have a page_locator trait defined" unless defined?(page_locator)
+      unless page.has_selector?(page_locator)
+        body_class = find(:xpath, '//body')[:class]
+        error_message = %(
+          Expected page to have selector '#{page_locator}' but found '#{body_class}' instead.
+          Actual URL of page loaded = #{URI.parse(current_url)}.
+          )
+        error_message = "#{error_message}\nExpected URL of page was #{page_url}." if defined?(page_url)
+        raise error_message
+      end
+      PageManager.current_page = self
+    end
+
+    def navigate_to; end
+
+    def verify_page_ui; end
+
+    def load_page
+      return if exists?
+      if defined?(page_url) && !page_url.nil?
+        visit page_url
+        begin
+          page.driver.browser.switch_to.alert.accept
+        rescue => e
+        end unless Environ.browser == :safari || Environ.browser == :ie || Environ.is_device?
+      else
+        navigate_to
+      end
+      verify_page_exists
+    end
+
+    def verify_page_contains(content)
+      raise "Expected page to have content '#{content}'" unless page.has_content?(:visible, content)
+    end
+
+    # Does Page object exists?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    # @example
+    #   home_page.exists?
+    #
+    def exists?
+      raise "Page object #{self.class.name} does not have a page_locator trait defined" unless defined?(page_locator)
+      saved_wait_time = Capybara.default_max_wait_time
+      Capybara.default_max_wait_time = 0.1
+      tries ||= 2
+      attributes = [:id, :css, :xpath]
+      type = attributes[tries]
+      obj = page.find(type, page_locator)
+      obj != nil
+    rescue
+      Capybara.default_max_wait_time = saved_wait_time
+      retry if (tries -= 1) > 0
+      false
+    ensure
+      Capybara.default_max_wait_time = saved_wait_time
+    end
+
+    # Return page title
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    # @example
+    #   home_page.title
+    #
+    def title
+      page.driver.browser.title
+    end
+
+    # Wait until the page object exists, or until the specified wait time has expired. If the wait time is nil, then the wait
+    # time will be Capybara.default_max_wait_time.
+    #
+    # @param seconds [Integer or Float] wait time in seconds
+    # @example
+    #   home_page.wait_until_exists(15)
+    #
+    def wait_until_exists(seconds = nil, post_exception = true)
+      timeout = seconds.nil? ? Capybara.default_max_wait_time : seconds
+      wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: timeout)
+      wait.until { exists? }
+    rescue
+      if post_exception
+        raise "Page object #{self.class.name} not found after #{timeout} seconds" unless exists?
+      else
+        exists?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Wait until the page object no longer exists, or until the specified wait time has expired. If the wait time is nil, then
+    # the wait time will be Capybara.default_max_wait_time.
+    #
+    # @param seconds [Integer or Float] wait time in seconds
+    # @example
+    #   payment_processing_page.wait_until_gone(15)
+    #
+    def wait_until_gone(seconds = nil, post_exception = true)
+      timeout = seconds.nil? ? Capybara.default_max_wait_time : seconds
+      wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: timeout)
+      wait.until { !exists? }
+    rescue
+      if post_exception
+        raise "Page object #{self.class.name} remained visible after #{timeout} seconds" if exists?
+      else
+        exists?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Wait until all AJAX requests have completed, or until the specified wait time has expired. If the wait time is nil, then
+    # the wait time will be Capybara.default_max_wait_time.
+    #
+    # @param seconds [Integer or Float] wait time in seconds
+    # @example
+    #   shopping_basket_page.wait_for_ajax(15)
+    #
+    def wait_for_ajax(seconds = nil)
+      wait_time = seconds.nil? ? Capybara.default_max_wait_time : seconds
+      Timeout.timeout(wait_time) do
+        loop do
+          active = page.evaluate_script('jQuery.active')
+          break if active.zero?
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Is current Page object URL secure?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    # @example
+    #   home_page.secure?
+    #
+    def secure?
+      current_url.start_with?('https')
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def self.define_page_element(element_name, obj, locator)
+      define_method(element_name) do
+        ivar_name = "@#{element_name}"
+        ivar = instance_variable_get(ivar_name)
+        return ivar if ivar
+        instance_variable_set(ivar_name, obj.new(element_name, self, locator, :page))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end