telnyx 0.0.1

data/lib/telnyx/telnyx_object.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Telnyx
+  class TelnyxObject
+    include Enumerable
+
+    @@permanent_attributes = Set.new([:id])
+
+    # The default :id method is deprecated and isn't useful to us
+    undef :id if method_defined?(:id)
+
+    # Sets the given parameter name to one which is known to be an additive
+    # object.
+    #
+    # Additive objects are subobjects in the API that don't have the same
+    # semantics as most subobjects, which are fully replaced when they're set.
+    # This is best illustrated by example. The `source` parameter sent when
+    # updating a subscription is *not* additive; if we set it:
+    #
+    #     source[object]=card&source[number]=123
+    #
+    # We expect the old `source` object to have been overwritten completely. If
+    # the previous source had an `address_state` key associated with it and we
+    # didn't send one this time, that value of `address_state` is gone.
+    #
+    # By contrast, additive objects are those that will have new data added to
+    # them while keeping any existing data in place. The only known case of its
+    # use is for `metadata`, but it could in theory be more general. As an
+    # example, say we have a `metadata` object that looks like this on the
+    # server side:
+    #
+    #     metadata = { old: "old_value" }
+    #
+    # If we update the object with `metadata[new]=new_value`, the server side
+    # object now has *both* fields:
+    #
+    #     metadata = { old: "old_value", new: "new_value" }
+    #
+    # This is okay in itself because usually users will want to treat it as
+    # additive:
+    #
+    #     obj.metadata[:new] = "new_value"
+    #     obj.save
+    #
+    # However, in other cases, they may want to replace the entire existing
+    # contents:
+    #
+    #     obj.metadata = { new: "new_value" }
+    #     obj.save
+    #
+    # This is where things get a little bit tricky because in order to clear
+    # any old keys that may have existed, we actually have to send an explicit
+    # empty string to the server. So the operation above would have to send
+    # this form to get the intended behavior:
+    #
+    #     metadata[old]=&metadata[new]=new_value
+    #
+    # This method allows us to track which parameters are considered additive,
+    # and lets us behave correctly where appropriate when serializing
+    # parameters to be sent.
+    def self.additive_object_param(name)
+      @additive_params ||= Set.new
+      @additive_params << name
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether the given name is an additive object parameter. See
+    # `.additive_object_param` for details.
+    def self.additive_object_param?(name)
+      @additive_params ||= Set.new
+      @additive_params.include?(name)
+    end
+
+    def initialize(id = nil, opts = {})
+      id, @retrieve_params = Util.normalize_id(id)
+      @opts = Util.normalize_opts(opts)
+      @original_values = {}
+      @values = {}
+      # This really belongs in APIResource, but not putting it there allows us
+      # to have a unified inspect method
+      @unsaved_values = Set.new
+      @transient_values = Set.new
+      @values[:id] = id if id
+    end
+
+    def self.construct_from(values, opts = {})
+      values = Telnyx::Util.symbolize_names(values)
+
+      # work around protected #initialize_from for now
+      new(values[:id]).send(:initialize_from, values, opts)
+    end
+
+    # Determines the equality of two Telnyx objects. Telnyx objects are
+    # considered to be equal if they have the same set of values and each one
+    # of those values is the same.
+    def ==(other)
+      other.is_a?(TelnyxObject) && @values == other.instance_variable_get(:@values)
+    end
+
+    # Hash equality. As with `#==`, we consider two equivalent Telnyx objects equal.
+    def eql?(other)
+      # Defer to the implementation on `#==`.
+      self == other
+    end
+
+    # As with equality in `#==` and `#eql?`, we hash two Telnyx objects to the
+    # same value if they're equivalent objects.
+    def hash
+      @values.hash
+    end
+
+    # Indicates whether or not the resource has been deleted on the server.
+    # Note that some, but not all, resources can indicate whether they have
+    # been deleted.
+    def deleted?
+      @values.fetch(:deleted, false)
+    end
+
+    def to_s(*_args)
+      JSON.pretty_generate(to_hash)
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      id_string = respond_to?(:id) && !id.nil? ? " id=#{id}" : ""
+      "#<#{self.class}:0x#{object_id.to_s(16)}#{id_string}> JSON: " + JSON.pretty_generate(@values)
+    end
+
+    # Mass assigns attributes on the model.
+    #
+    # This is a version of +update_attributes+ that takes some extra options
+    # for internal use.
+    #
+    # ==== Attributes
+    #
+    # * +values+ - Hash of values to use to update the current attributes of
+    #   the object.
+    # * +opts+ - Options for +TelnyxObject+ like an API key that will be reused
+    #   on subsequent API calls.
+    #
+    # ==== Options
+    #
+    # * +:dirty+ - Whether values should be initiated as "dirty" (unsaved) and
+    #   which applies only to new TelnyxObjects being initiated under this
+    #   TelnyxObject. Defaults to true.
+    def update_attributes(values, opts = {}, dirty: true)
+      values.each do |k, v|
+        add_accessors([k], values) unless metaclass.method_defined?(k.to_sym)
+        @values[k] = Util.convert_to_telnyx_object(v, opts)
+        dirty_value!(@values[k]) if dirty
+        @unsaved_values.add(k)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def [](k)
+      @values[k.to_sym]
+    end
+
+    def []=(k, v)
+      send(:"#{k}=", v)
+    end
+
+    def keys
+      @values.keys
+    end
+
+    def values
+      @values.values
+    end
+
+    def to_json(*_a)
+      JSON.generate(@values)
+    end
+
+    def as_json(*a)
+      @values.as_json(*a)
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      maybe_to_hash = lambda do |value|
+        value && value.respond_to?(:to_hash) ? value.to_hash : value
+      end
+
+      @values.each_with_object({}) do |(key, value), acc|
+        acc[key] = case value
+                   when Array
+                     value.map(&maybe_to_hash)
+                   else
+                     maybe_to_hash.call(value)
+                   end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def each(&blk)
+      @values.each(&blk)
+    end
+
+    # Sets all keys within the TelnyxObject as unsaved so that they will be
+    # included with an update when #serialize_params is called. This method is
+    # also recursive, so any TelnyxObjects contained as values or which are
+    # values in a tenant array are also marked as dirty.
+    def dirty!
+      @unsaved_values = Set.new(@values.keys)
+      @values.each_value do |v|
+        dirty_value!(v)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Implements custom encoding for Ruby's Marshal. The data produced by this
+    # method should be comprehendable by #marshal_load.
+    #
+    # This allows us to remove certain features that cannot or should not be
+    # serialized.
+    def marshal_dump
+      # The TelnyxClient instance in @opts is not serializable and is not
+      # really a property of the TelnyxObject, so we exclude it when
+      # dumping
+      opts = @opts.clone
+      opts.delete(:client)
+      [@values, opts]
+    end
+
+    # Implements custom decoding for Ruby's Marshal. Consumes data that's
+    # produced by #marshal_dump.
+    def marshal_load(data)
+      values, opts = data
+      initialize(values[:id])
+      initialize_from(values, opts)
+    end
+
+    def serialize_params(options = {})
+      update_hash = {}
+
+      @values.each do |k, v|
+        # There are a few reasons that we may want to add in a parameter for
+        # update:
+        #
+        #   1. The `force` option has been set.
+        #   2. We know that it was modified.
+        #   3. Its value is a TelnyxObject. A TelnyxObject may contain modified
+        #      values within in that its parent TelnyxObject doesn't know about.
+        #
+        unsaved = @unsaved_values.include?(k)
+        if options[:force] || unsaved || v.is_a?(TelnyxObject)
+          update_hash[k.to_sym] =
+            serialize_params_value(@values[k], @original_values[k], unsaved, options[:force], key: k)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # a `nil` that makes it out of `#serialize_params_value` signals an empty
+      # value that we shouldn't appear in the serialized form of the object
+      update_hash.reject! { |_, v| v.nil? }
+
+      update_hash
+    end
+
+    # A protected field is one that doesn't get an accessor assigned to it
+    # (i.e. `obj.public = ...`) and one which is not allowed to be updated via
+    # the class level `Model.update(id, { ... })`.
+    def self.protected_fields
+      []
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def metaclass
+      class << self; self; end
+    end
+
+    def remove_accessors(keys)
+      # not available in the #instance_eval below
+      protected_fields = self.class.protected_fields
+
+      metaclass.instance_eval do
+        keys.each do |k|
+          next if protected_fields.include?(k)
+          next if @@permanent_attributes.include?(k)
+
+          # Remove methods for the accessor's reader and writer.
+          [k, :"#{k}=", :"#{k}?"].each do |method_name|
+            remove_method(method_name) if method_defined?(method_name)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def add_accessors(keys, values)
+      # not available in the #instance_eval below
+      protected_fields = self.class.protected_fields
+
+      metaclass.instance_eval do
+        keys.each do |k|
+          next if protected_fields.include?(k)
+          next if @@permanent_attributes.include?(k)
+
+          if k == :method
+            # Object#method is a built-in Ruby method that accepts a symbol
+            # and returns the corresponding Method object. Because the API may
+            # also use `method` as a field name, we check the arity of *args
+            # to decide whether to act as a getter or call the parent method.
+            define_method(k) { |*args| args.empty? ? @values[k] : super(*args) }
+          else
+            define_method(k) { @values[k] }
+          end
+
+          define_method(:"#{k}=") do |v|
+            if v == ""
+              raise ArgumentError, "You cannot set #{k} to an empty string. " \
+                "We interpret empty strings as nil in requests. " \
+                "You may set (object).#{k} = nil to delete the property."
+            end
+            @values[k] = Util.convert_to_telnyx_object(v, @opts)
+            dirty_value!(@values[k])
+            @unsaved_values.add(k)
+          end
+
+          if [FalseClass, TrueClass].include?(values[k].class)
+            define_method(:"#{k}?") { @values[k] }
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(name, *args)
+      # TODO: only allow setting in updateable classes.
+      if name.to_s.end_with?("=")
+        attr = name.to_s[0...-1].to_sym
+
+        # Pull out the assigned value. This is only used in the case of a
+        # boolean value to add a question mark accessor (i.e. `foo?`) for
+        # convenience.
+        val = args.first
+
+        # the second argument is only required when adding boolean accessors
+        add_accessors([attr], attr => val)
+
+        begin
+          mth = method(name)
+        rescue NameError
+          raise NoMethodError, "Cannot set #{attr} on this object. HINT: you can't set: #{@@permanent_attributes.to_a.join(', ')}"
+        end
+        return mth.call(args[0])
+      elsif @values.key?(name)
+        return @values[name]
+      end
+
+      begin
+        super
+      rescue NoMethodError => e
+        # If we notice the accessed name if our set of transient values we can
+        # give the user a slightly more helpful error message. If not, just
+        # raise right away.
+        raise unless @transient_values.include?(name)
+
+        raise NoMethodError, e.message + ".  HINT: The '#{name}' attribute was set in the past, however.  It was then wiped when refreshing the object with the result returned by Telnyx's API, probably as a result of a save().  The attributes currently available on this object are: #{@values.keys.join(', ')}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def respond_to_missing?(symbol, include_private = false)
+      @values && @values.key?(symbol) || super
+    end
+
+    # Re-initializes the object based on a hash of values (usually one that's
+    # come back from an API call). Adds or removes value accessors as necessary
+    # and updates the state of internal data.
+    #
+    # Protected on purpose! Please do not expose.
+    #
+    # ==== Options
+    #
+    # * +:values:+ Hash used to update accessors and values.
+    # * +:opts:+ Options for TelnyxObject like an API key.
+    # * +:partial:+ Indicates that the re-initialization should not attempt to
+    #   remove accessors.
+    def initialize_from(values, opts, partial = false)
+      @opts = Util.normalize_opts(opts)
+
+      # the `#send` is here so that we can keep this method private
+      @original_values = self.class.send(:deep_copy, values)
+
+      removed = partial ? Set.new : Set.new(@values.keys - values.keys)
+      added = Set.new(values.keys - @values.keys)
+
+      # Wipe old state before setting new.
+
+      remove_accessors(removed)
+      add_accessors(added, values)
+
+      removed.each do |k|
+        @values.delete(k)
+        @transient_values.add(k)
+        @unsaved_values.delete(k)
+      end
+
+      update_attributes(values, opts, dirty: false)
+      values.each_key do |k|
+        @transient_values.delete(k)
+        @unsaved_values.delete(k)
+      end
+
+      self
+    end
+
+    def serialize_params_value(value, original, unsaved, force, key: nil)
+      if value.nil?
+        ""
+
+      # The logic here is that essentially any object embedded in another
+      # object that had a `type` is actually an API resource of a different
+      # type that's been included in the response. These other resources must
+      # be updated from their proper endpoints, and therefore they are not
+      # included when serializing even if they've been modified.
+      #
+      # There are _some_ known exceptions though.
+      #
+      # For example, if the value is unsaved (meaning the user has set it), and
+      # it looks like the API resource is persisted with an ID, then we include
+      # the object so that parameters are serialized with a reference to its
+      # ID.
+      #
+      # We throw an error if a property was set explicitly but we can't do
+      # anything with it because the integration is probably not working as the
+      # user intended it to.
+      elsif value.is_a?(APIResource) && !value.save_with_parent
+        if !unsaved
+          nil
+        elsif value.respond_to?(:id) && !value.id.nil?
+          value
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Cannot save property `#{key}` containing " \
+            "an API resource. It doesn't appear to be persisted and is " \
+            "not marked as `save_with_parent`."
+        end
+
+      elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+        update = value.map { |v| serialize_params_value(v, nil, true, force) }
+
+        # This prevents an array that's unchanged from being resent.
+        update if update != serialize_params_value(original, nil, true, force)
+
+      # Handle a Hash for now, but in the long run we should be able to
+      # eliminate all places where hashes are stored as values internally by
+      # making sure any time one is set, we convert it to a TelnyxObject. This
+      # will simplify our model by making data within an object more
+      # consistent.
+      #
+      # For now, you can still run into a hash if someone appends one to an
+      # existing array being held by a TelnyxObject. This could happen for
+      # example by appending a new hash onto `additional_owners` for an
+      # account.
+      elsif value.is_a?(Hash)
+        Util.convert_to_telnyx_object(value, @opts).serialize_params
+
+      elsif value.is_a?(TelnyxObject)
+        update = value.serialize_params(force: force)
+
+        # If the entire object was replaced and this is an additive object,
+        # then we need blank each field of the old object that held a value
+        # because otherwise the update to the keys of the object will be
+        # additive instead of a full replacement. The new serialized values
+        # will override any of these empty values.
+        if original && unsaved && key && self.class.additive_object_param?(key)
+          update = empty_values(original).merge(update)
+        end
+
+        update
+
+      else
+        value
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Produces a deep copy of the given object including support for arrays,
+    # hashes, and TelnyxObjects.
+    def self.deep_copy(obj)
+      case obj
+      when Array
+        obj.map { |e| deep_copy(e) }
+      when Hash
+        obj.each_with_object({}) do |(k, v), copy|
+          copy[k] = deep_copy(v)
+          copy
+        end
+      when TelnyxObject
+        obj.class.construct_from(
+          deep_copy(obj.instance_variable_get(:@values)),
+          obj.instance_variable_get(:@opts).select do |k, _v|
+            Util::OPTS_COPYABLE.include?(k)
+          end
+        )
+      else
+        obj
+      end
+    end
+    private_class_method :deep_copy
+
+    def dirty_value!(value)
+      case value
+      when Array
+        value.map { |v| dirty_value!(v) }
+      when TelnyxObject
+        value.dirty!
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a hash of empty values for all the values that are in the given
+    # TelnyxObject.
+    def empty_values(obj)
+      values = case obj
+               when Hash         then obj
+               when TelnyxObject then obj.instance_variable_get(:@values)
+               else
+                 raise ArgumentError, "#empty_values got unexpected object type: #{obj.class.name}"
+               end
+
+      values.each_with_object({}) do |(k, _), update|
+        update[k] = ""
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end