tdiary 5.0.6 → 5.0.7

data/vendor/bundle/gems/sequel-5.0.0/lib/sequel/adapters/shared/postgres.rb

@@ -1,1761 +0,0 @@
-# frozen-string-literal: true
-
-require_relative '../utils/unmodified_identifiers'
-
-module Sequel
-  # Top level module for holding all PostgreSQL-related modules and classes
-  # for Sequel.  All adapters that connect to PostgreSQL support the following options:
-  #
-  # :client_min_messages :: Change the minimum level of messages that PostgreSQL will send to the
-  #                         the client.  The PostgreSQL default is NOTICE, the Sequel default is
-  #                         WARNING.  Set to nil to not change the server default. Overridable on
-  #                         a per instance basis via the :client_min_messages option.
-  # :force_standard_strings :: Set to false to not force the use of standard strings.  Overridable
-  #                            on a per instance basis via the :force_standard_strings option.
-  # :search_path :: Set the schema search_path for this Database's connections.
-  #                 Allows to to set which schemas do not need explicit
-  #                 qualification, and in which order to check the schemas when
-  #                 an unqualified object is referenced.
-  module Postgres
-    Sequel::Database.set_shared_adapter_scheme(:postgres, self)
-
-    NAN             = 0.0/0.0
-    PLUS_INFINITY   = 1.0/0.0
-    MINUS_INFINITY  = -1.0/0.0
-
-    TYPE_TRANSLATOR = tt = Class.new do
-      def boolean(s) s == 't' end
-      def integer(s) s.to_i end
-      def float(s) 
-        case s
-        when 'NaN'
-          NAN
-        when 'Infinity'
-          PLUS_INFINITY
-        when '-Infinity'
-          MINUS_INFINITY
-        else
-          s.to_f 
-        end
-      end
-      def date(s) ::Date.new(*s.split('-').map(&:to_i)) end
-      def bytea(str)
-        str = if str =~ /\A\\x/
-          # PostgreSQL 9.0+ bytea hex format
-          str[2..-1].gsub(/(..)/){|s| s.to_i(16).chr}
-        else
-          # Historical PostgreSQL bytea escape format
-          str.gsub(/\\(\\|'|[0-3][0-7][0-7])/) {|s|
-            if s.size == 2 then s[1,1] else s[1,3].oct.chr end
-          }
-        end
-        ::Sequel::SQL::Blob.new(str)
-      end
-    end.new.freeze
-
-    CONVERSION_PROCS = {}
-
-    {
-      [16] => tt.method(:boolean),
-      [17] => tt.method(:bytea),
-      [20, 21, 23, 26] => tt.method(:integer),
-      [700, 701] => tt.method(:float),
-      [1700] => ::BigDecimal.method(:new),
-      [1083, 1266] => ::Sequel.method(:string_to_time),
-      [1082] => ::Sequel.method(:string_to_date),
-      [1184, 1114] => ::Sequel.method(:database_to_application_timestamp),
-    }.each do |k,v|
-      k.each do |n|
-        CONVERSION_PROCS[n] = v
-      end
-    end
-    CONVERSION_PROCS.freeze
-
-    module MockAdapterDatabaseMethods
-      def bound_variable_arg(arg, conn)
-        arg
-      end
-
-      def primary_key(table)
-        :id
-      end
-    end
-
-    def self.mock_adapter_setup(db)
-      db.instance_exec do
-        @server_version = 90500
-        initialize_postgres_adapter
-        extend(MockAdapterDatabaseMethods)
-      end
-    end
-
-    class CreateTableGenerator < Sequel::Schema::CreateTableGenerator
-      # Add an exclusion constraint when creating the table. Elements should be
-      # an array of 2 element arrays, with the first element being the column or
-      # expression the exclusion constraint is applied to, and the second element
-      # being the operator to use for the column/expression to check for exclusion.
-      #
-      # Example:
-      #
-      #   exclude([[:col1, '&&'], [:col2, '=']])
-      #   # EXCLUDE USING gist (col1 WITH &&, col2 WITH =)
-      #
-      # Options supported:
-      #
-      # :name :: Name the constraint with the given name (useful if you may
-      #          need to drop the constraint later)
-      # :using :: Override the index_method for the exclusion constraint (defaults to gist).
-      # :where :: Create a partial exclusion constraint, which only affects
-      #           a subset of table rows, value should be a filter expression.
-      def exclude(elements, opts=OPTS)
-        constraints << {:type => :exclude, :elements => elements}.merge!(opts)
-      end
-    end
-
-    class AlterTableGenerator < Sequel::Schema::AlterTableGenerator
-      # Adds an exclusion constraint to an existing table, see
-      # CreateTableGenerator#exclude.
-      def add_exclusion_constraint(elements, opts=OPTS)
-        @operations << {:op => :add_constraint, :type => :exclude, :elements => elements}.merge!(opts)
-      end
-
-      # Validate the constraint with the given name, which should have
-      # been added previously with NOT VALID.
-      def validate_constraint(name)
-        @operations << {:op => :validate_constraint, :name => name}
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Error raised when Sequel determines a PostgreSQL exclusion constraint has been violated.
-    class ExclusionConstraintViolation < Sequel::ConstraintViolation; end
-
-    module DatabaseMethods
-      include UnmodifiedIdentifiers::DatabaseMethods
-
-      PREPARED_ARG_PLACEHOLDER = LiteralString.new('$').freeze
-      FOREIGN_KEY_LIST_ON_DELETE_MAP = {'a'=>:no_action, 'r'=>:restrict, 'c'=>:cascade, 'n'=>:set_null, 'd'=>:set_default}.freeze
-      ON_COMMIT = {:drop => 'DROP', :delete_rows => 'DELETE ROWS', :preserve_rows => 'PRESERVE ROWS'}.freeze
-      ON_COMMIT.each_value(&:freeze)
-
-      # SQL fragment for custom sequences (ones not created by serial primary key),
-      # Returning the schema and literal form of the sequence name, by parsing
-      # the column defaults table.
-      SELECT_CUSTOM_SEQUENCE_SQL = (<<-end_sql
-        SELECT name.nspname AS "schema",
-            CASE
-            WHEN split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2) ~ '.' THEN
-              substr(split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2),
-                     strpos(split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2), '.')+1)
-            ELSE split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2)
-          END AS "sequence"
-        FROM pg_class t
-        JOIN pg_namespace  name ON (t.relnamespace = name.oid)
-        JOIN pg_attribute  attr ON (t.oid = attrelid)
-        JOIN pg_attrdef    def  ON (adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum)
-        JOIN pg_constraint cons ON (conrelid = adrelid AND adnum = conkey[1])
-        WHERE cons.contype = 'p'
-          AND def.adsrc ~* 'nextval'
-      end_sql
-      ).strip.gsub(/\s+/, ' ').freeze
-
-      # SQL fragment for determining primary key column for the given table.  Only
-      # returns the first primary key if the table has a composite primary key.
-      SELECT_PK_SQL = (<<-end_sql
-        SELECT pg_attribute.attname AS pk
-        FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index, pg_namespace
-        WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid
-          AND pg_class.relnamespace  = pg_namespace.oid
-          AND pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid
-          AND pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum
-          AND pg_index.indisprimary = 't'
-      end_sql
-      ).strip.gsub(/\s+/, ' ').freeze
-
-      # SQL fragment for getting sequence associated with table's
-      # primary key, assuming it was a serial primary key column.
-      SELECT_SERIAL_SEQUENCE_SQL = (<<-end_sql
-        SELECT  name.nspname AS "schema", seq.relname AS "sequence"
-        FROM pg_class seq, pg_attribute attr, pg_depend dep,
-          pg_namespace name, pg_constraint cons, pg_class t
-        WHERE seq.oid = dep.objid
-          AND seq.relnamespace  = name.oid
-          AND seq.relkind = 'S'
-          AND attr.attrelid = dep.refobjid
-          AND attr.attnum = dep.refobjsubid
-          AND attr.attrelid = cons.conrelid
-          AND attr.attnum = cons.conkey[1]
-          AND attr.attrelid = t.oid
-          AND cons.contype = 'p'
-      end_sql
-      ).strip.gsub(/\s+/, ' ').freeze
-
-      # A hash of conversion procs, keyed by type integer (oid) and
-      # having callable values for the conversion proc for that type.
-      attr_reader :conversion_procs
-
-      # Set a conversion proc for the given oid.  The callable can
-      # be passed either as a argument or a block.
-      def add_conversion_proc(oid, callable=Proc.new)
-        conversion_procs[oid] = callable
-      end
-
-      # Add a conversion proc for a named type, using the given block.
-      # This should be used for types without fixed OIDs, which includes all types that
-      # are not included in a default PostgreSQL installation.
-      def add_named_conversion_proc(name, &block)
-        name = name.to_s if name.is_a?(Symbol)
-        unless oid = from(:pg_type).where(:typtype=>['b', 'e'], :typname=>name.to_s).get(:oid)
-          raise Error, "No matching type in pg_type for #{name.inspect}"
-        end
-        add_conversion_proc(oid, block)
-      end
-
-      def commit_prepared_transaction(transaction_id, opts=OPTS)
-        run("COMMIT PREPARED #{literal(transaction_id)}", opts)
-      end
-
-      # Creates the function in the database.  Arguments:
-      # name :: name of the function to create
-      # definition :: string definition of the function, or object file for a dynamically loaded C function.
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :args :: function arguments, can be either a symbol or string specifying a type or an array of 1-3 elements:
-      #                  1 :: argument data type
-      #                  2 :: argument name
-      #                  3 :: argument mode (e.g. in, out, inout)
-      #         :behavior :: Should be IMMUTABLE, STABLE, or VOLATILE.  PostgreSQL assumes VOLATILE by default.
-      #         :cost :: The estimated cost of the function, used by the query planner.
-      #         :language :: The language the function uses.  SQL is the default.
-      #         :link_symbol :: For a dynamically loaded see function, the function's link symbol if different from the definition argument.
-      #         :returns :: The data type returned by the function.  If you are using OUT or INOUT argument modes, this is ignored.
-      #                     Otherwise, if this is not specified, void is used by default to specify the function is not supposed to return a value.
-      #         :rows :: The estimated number of rows the function will return.  Only use if the function returns SETOF something.
-      #         :security_definer :: Makes the privileges of the function the same as the privileges of the user who defined the function instead of
-      #                              the privileges of the user who runs the function.  There are security implications when doing this, see the PostgreSQL documentation.
-      #         :set :: Configuration variables to set while the function is being run, can be a hash or an array of two pairs.  search_path is
-      #                 often used here if :security_definer is used.
-      #         :strict :: Makes the function return NULL when any argument is NULL.
-      def create_function(name, definition, opts=OPTS)
-        self << create_function_sql(name, definition, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Create the procedural language in the database. Arguments:
-      # name :: Name of the procedural language (e.g. plpgsql)
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :handler :: The name of a previously registered function used as a call handler for this language.
-      #         :replace :: Replace the installed language if it already exists (on PostgreSQL 9.0+).
-      #         :trusted :: Marks the language being created as trusted, allowing unprivileged users to create functions using this language.
-      #         :validator :: The name of previously registered function used as a validator of functions defined in this language.
-      def create_language(name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << create_language_sql(name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Create a schema in the database. Arguments:
-      # name :: Name of the schema (e.g. admin)
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :if_not_exists :: Don't raise an error if the schema already exists (PostgreSQL 9.3+)
-      #         :owner :: The owner to set for the schema (defaults to current user if not specified)
-      def create_schema(name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << create_schema_sql(name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Create a trigger in the database.  Arguments:
-      # table :: the table on which this trigger operates
-      # name :: the name of this trigger
-      # function :: the function to call for this trigger, which should return type trigger.
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :after :: Calls the trigger after execution instead of before.
-      #         :args :: An argument or array of arguments to pass to the function.
-      #         :each_row :: Calls the trigger for each row instead of for each statement.
-      #         :events :: Can be :insert, :update, :delete, or an array of any of those. Calls the trigger whenever that type of statement is used.  By default,
-      #                    the trigger is called for insert, update, or delete.
-      #         :when :: A filter to use for the trigger
-      def create_trigger(table, name, function, opts=OPTS)
-        self << create_trigger_sql(table, name, function, opts)
-      end
-
-      def database_type
-        :postgres
-      end
-
-      # Use PostgreSQL's DO syntax to execute an anonymous code block.  The code should
-      # be the literal code string to use in the underlying procedural language.  Options:
-      #
-      # :language :: The procedural language the code is written in.  The PostgreSQL
-      #              default is plpgsql.  Can be specified as a string or a symbol.
-      def do(code, opts=OPTS)
-        language = opts[:language]
-        run "DO #{"LANGUAGE #{literal(language.to_s)} " if language}#{literal(code)}"
-      end
-
-      # Drops the function from the database. Arguments:
-      # name :: name of the function to drop
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :args :: The arguments for the function.  See create_function_sql.
-      #         :cascade :: Drop other objects depending on this function.
-      #         :if_exists :: Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
-      def drop_function(name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << drop_function_sql(name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Drops a procedural language from the database.  Arguments:
-      # name :: name of the procedural language to drop
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :cascade :: Drop other objects depending on this function.
-      #         :if_exists :: Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
-      def drop_language(name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << drop_language_sql(name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Drops a schema from the database.  Arguments:
-      # name :: name of the schema to drop
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :cascade :: Drop all objects in this schema.
-      #         :if_exists :: Don't raise an error if the schema doesn't exist.
-      def drop_schema(name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << drop_schema_sql(name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Drops a trigger from the database.  Arguments:
-      # table :: table from which to drop the trigger
-      # name :: name of the trigger to drop
-      # opts :: options hash:
-      #         :cascade :: Drop other objects depending on this function.
-      #         :if_exists :: Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
-      def drop_trigger(table, name, opts=OPTS)
-        self << drop_trigger_sql(table, name, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Return full foreign key information using the pg system tables, including
-      # :name, :on_delete, :on_update, and :deferrable entries in the hashes.
-      def foreign_key_list(table, opts=OPTS)
-        m = output_identifier_meth
-        schema, _ = opts.fetch(:schema, schema_and_table(table))
-        oid = regclass_oid(table)
-
-        if server_version >= 90500
-          cpos = Sequel.expr{array_position(co[:conkey], att[:attnum])}
-          rpos = Sequel.expr{array_position(co[:confkey], att2[:attnum])}
-        else
-          range = 0...32
-          cpos = Sequel.expr{SQL::CaseExpression.new(range.map{|x| [SQL::Subscript.new(co[:conkey], [x]), x]}, 32, att[:attnum])}
-          rpos = Sequel.expr{SQL::CaseExpression.new(range.map{|x| [SQL::Subscript.new(co[:confkey], [x]), x]}, 32, att2[:attnum])}
-        end
-
-        ds = metadata_dataset.
-          from{pg_constraint.as(:co)}.
-          join(Sequel[:pg_class].as(:cl), :oid=>:conrelid).
-          join(Sequel[:pg_attribute].as(:att), :attrelid=>:oid, :attnum=>SQL::Function.new(:ANY, Sequel[:co][:conkey])).
-          join(Sequel[:pg_class].as(:cl2), :oid=>Sequel[:co][:confrelid]).
-          join(Sequel[:pg_attribute].as(:att2), :attrelid=>:oid, :attnum=>SQL::Function.new(:ANY, Sequel[:co][:confkey])).
-          order{[co[:conname], cpos]}.
-          where{{
-            cl[:relkind]=>'r',
-            co[:contype]=>'f',
-            cl[:oid]=>oid,
-            cpos=>rpos
-            }}.
-          select{[
-            co[:conname].as(:name),
-            att[:attname].as(:column),
-            co[:confupdtype].as(:on_update),
-            co[:confdeltype].as(:on_delete),
-            cl2[:relname].as(:table),
-            att2[:attname].as(:refcolumn),
-            SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:AND, co[:condeferrable], co[:condeferred]).as(:deferrable)
-          ]}
-
-        # If a schema is given, we only search in that schema, and the returned :table
-        # entry is schema qualified as well.
-        if schema
-          ds = ds.join(Sequel[:pg_namespace].as(:nsp2), :oid=>Sequel[:cl2][:relnamespace]).
-            select_append{nsp2[:nspname].as(:schema)}
-        end
-
-        h = {}
-        fklod_map = FOREIGN_KEY_LIST_ON_DELETE_MAP 
-
-        ds.each do |row|
-          if r = h[row[:name]]
-            r[:columns] << m.call(row[:column])
-            r[:key] << m.call(row[:refcolumn])
-          else
-            h[row[:name]] = {
-              :name=>m.call(row[:name]),
-              :columns=>[m.call(row[:column])],
-              :key=>[m.call(row[:refcolumn])],
-              :on_update=>fklod_map[row[:on_update]],
-              :on_delete=>fklod_map[row[:on_delete]],
-              :deferrable=>row[:deferrable],
-              :table=>schema ? SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(m.call(row[:schema]), m.call(row[:table])) : m.call(row[:table])
-            }
-          end
-        end
-
-        h.values
-      end
-
-      def freeze
-        server_version
-        supports_prepared_transactions?
-        @conversion_procs.freeze
-        super
-      end
-
-      # Use the pg_* system tables to determine indexes on a table
-      def indexes(table, opts=OPTS)
-        m = output_identifier_meth
-        oid = regclass_oid(table, opts)
-
-        if server_version >= 90500
-          order = [Sequel[:indc][:relname], Sequel.function(:array_position, Sequel[:ind][:indkey], Sequel[:att][:attnum])]
-        else
-          range = 0...32
-          order = [Sequel[:indc][:relname], SQL::CaseExpression.new(range.map{|x| [SQL::Subscript.new(Sequel[:ind][:indkey], [x]), x]}, 32, Sequel[:att][:attnum])]
-          attnums = range.map{|x| SQL::Subscript.new(Sequel[:ind][:indkey], [x])} unless server_version >= 80100 
-        end
-
-        attnums ||= SQL::Function.new(:ANY, Sequel[:ind][:indkey])
-
-        ds = metadata_dataset.
-          from{pg_class.as(:tab)}.
-          join(Sequel[:pg_index].as(:ind), :indrelid=>:oid).
-          join(Sequel[:pg_class].as(:indc), :oid=>:indexrelid).
-          join(Sequel[:pg_attribute].as(:att), :attrelid=>Sequel[:tab][:oid], :attnum=>attnums).
-          left_join(Sequel[:pg_constraint].as(:con), :conname=>Sequel[:indc][:relname]).
-          where{{
-            indc[:relkind]=>'i',
-            ind[:indisprimary]=>false,
-            :indexprs=>nil,
-            :indpred=>nil,
-            :indisvalid=>true,
-            tab[:oid]=>oid}}.
-          order(*order).
-          select{[indc[:relname].as(:name), ind[:indisunique].as(:unique), att[:attname].as(:column), con[:condeferrable].as(:deferrable)]}
-
-        ds = ds.where(:indisready=>true, :indcheckxmin=>false) if server_version >= 80300
-
-        indexes = {}
-        ds.each do |r|
-          i = indexes[m.call(r[:name])] ||= {:columns=>[], :unique=>r[:unique], :deferrable=>r[:deferrable]}
-          i[:columns] << m.call(r[:column])
-        end
-        indexes
-      end
-
-      # Dataset containing all current database locks
-      def locks
-        dataset.from(:pg_class).join(:pg_locks, :relation=>:relfilenode).select{[pg_class[:relname], Sequel::SQL::ColumnAll.new(:pg_locks)]}
-      end
-
-      # Notifies the given channel.  See the PostgreSQL NOTIFY documentation. Options:
-      #
-      # :payload :: The payload string to use for the NOTIFY statement.  Only supported
-      #             in PostgreSQL 9.0+.
-      # :server :: The server to which to send the NOTIFY statement, if the sharding support
-      #            is being used.
-      def notify(channel, opts=OPTS)
-        sql = String.new
-        sql << "NOTIFY "
-        dataset.send(:identifier_append, sql, channel)
-        if payload = opts[:payload]
-          sql << ", "
-          dataset.literal_append(sql, payload.to_s)
-        end
-        execute_ddl(sql, opts)
-      end
-
-      # Return primary key for the given table.
-      def primary_key(table, opts=OPTS)
-        quoted_table = quote_schema_table(table)
-        Sequel.synchronize{return @primary_keys[quoted_table] if @primary_keys.has_key?(quoted_table)}
-        sql = "#{SELECT_PK_SQL} AND pg_class.oid = #{literal(regclass_oid(table, opts))}"
-        value = fetch(sql).single_value
-        Sequel.synchronize{@primary_keys[quoted_table] = value}
-      end
-
-      # Return the sequence providing the default for the primary key for the given table.
-      def primary_key_sequence(table, opts=OPTS)
-        quoted_table = quote_schema_table(table)
-        Sequel.synchronize{return @primary_key_sequences[quoted_table] if @primary_key_sequences.has_key?(quoted_table)}
-        sql = "#{SELECT_SERIAL_SEQUENCE_SQL} AND t.oid = #{literal(regclass_oid(table, opts))}"
-        if pks = fetch(sql).single_record
-          value = literal(SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(pks[:schema], pks[:sequence]))
-          Sequel.synchronize{@primary_key_sequences[quoted_table] = value}
-        else
-          sql = "#{SELECT_CUSTOM_SEQUENCE_SQL} AND t.oid = #{literal(regclass_oid(table, opts))}"
-          if pks = fetch(sql).single_record
-            value = literal(SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(pks[:schema], LiteralString.new(pks[:sequence])))
-            Sequel.synchronize{@primary_key_sequences[quoted_table] = value}
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Refresh the materialized view with the given name.
-      # 
-      #   DB.refresh_view(:items_view)
-      #   # REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW items_view
-      #   DB.refresh_view(:items_view, :concurrently=>true)
-      #   # REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY items_view
-      def refresh_view(name, opts=OPTS)
-        run "REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW#{' CONCURRENTLY' if opts[:concurrently]} #{quote_schema_table(name)}"
-      end
-      
-      # Reset the primary key sequence for the given table, basing it on the
-      # maximum current value of the table's primary key.
-      def reset_primary_key_sequence(table)
-        return unless seq = primary_key_sequence(table)
-        pk = SQL::Identifier.new(primary_key(table))
-        db = self
-        seq_ds = db.from(LiteralString.new(seq))
-        s, t = schema_and_table(table)
-        table = Sequel.qualify(s, t) if s
-        get{setval(seq, db[table].select{coalesce(max(pk)+seq_ds.select{:increment_by}, seq_ds.select(:min_value))}, false)}
-      end
-
-      def rollback_prepared_transaction(transaction_id, opts=OPTS)
-        run("ROLLBACK PREPARED #{literal(transaction_id)}", opts)
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL uses SERIAL psuedo-type instead of AUTOINCREMENT for
-      # managing incrementing primary keys.
-      def serial_primary_key_options
-        {:primary_key => true, :serial => true, :type=>Integer}
-      end
-
-      # The version of the PostgreSQL server, used for determining capability.
-      def server_version(server=nil)
-        return @server_version if @server_version
-        @server_version = synchronize(server) do |conn|
-          (conn.server_version rescue nil) if conn.respond_to?(:server_version)
-        end
-        unless @server_version
-          @server_version = if m = /PostgreSQL (\d+)\.(\d+)(?:(?:rc\d+)|\.(\d+))?/.match(fetch('SELECT version()').single_value)
-            (m[1].to_i * 10000) + (m[2].to_i * 100) + m[3].to_i
-          else
-            0
-          end
-        end
-        @server_version
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS on 9.1+
-      def supports_create_table_if_not_exists?
-        server_version >= 90100
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.0+ supports some types of deferrable constraints beyond foreign key constraints.
-      def supports_deferrable_constraints?
-        server_version >= 90000
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports deferrable foreign key constraints.
-      def supports_deferrable_foreign_key_constraints?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
-      def supports_drop_table_if_exists?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports partial indexes.
-      def supports_partial_indexes?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.0+ supports trigger conditions.
-      def supports_trigger_conditions?
-        server_version >= 90000
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports prepared transactions (two-phase commit) if
-      # max_prepared_transactions is greater than 0.
-      def supports_prepared_transactions?
-        return @supports_prepared_transactions if defined?(@supports_prepared_transactions)
-        @supports_prepared_transactions = self['SHOW max_prepared_transactions'].get.to_i > 0
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports savepoints
-      def supports_savepoints?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports transaction isolation levels
-      def supports_transaction_isolation_levels?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports transaction DDL statements.
-      def supports_transactional_ddl?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Array of symbols specifying table names in the current database.
-      # The dataset used is yielded to the block if one is provided,
-      # otherwise, an array of symbols of table names is returned.
-      #
-      # Options:
-      # :qualify :: Return the tables as Sequel::SQL::QualifiedIdentifier instances,
-      #             using the schema the table is located in as the qualifier.
-      # :schema :: The schema to search
-      # :server :: The server to use
-      def tables(opts=OPTS, &block)
-        pg_class_relname('r', opts, &block)
-      end
-
-      # Check whether the given type name string/symbol (e.g. :hstore) is supported by
-      # the database.
-      def type_supported?(type)
-        Sequel.synchronize{return @supported_types[type] if @supported_types.has_key?(type)}
-        supported = from(:pg_type).where(:typtype=>'b', :typname=>type.to_s).count > 0
-        Sequel.synchronize{return @supported_types[type] = supported}
-      end
-
-      # Creates a dataset that uses the VALUES clause:
-      #
-      #   DB.values([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
-      #   # VALUES ((1, 2), (3, 4))
-      #
-      #   DB.values([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).order(:column2).limit(1, 1)
-      #   # VALUES ((1, 2), (3, 4)) ORDER BY column2 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
-      def values(v)
-        @default_dataset.clone(:values=>v)
-      end
-
-      # Array of symbols specifying view names in the current database.
-      #
-      # Options:
-      # :materialized :: Return materialized views
-      # :qualify :: Return the views as Sequel::SQL::QualifiedIdentifier instances,
-      #             using the schema the view is located in as the qualifier.
-      # :schema :: The schema to search
-      # :server :: The server to use
-      def views(opts=OPTS)
-        relkind = opts[:materialized] ? 'm' : 'v'
-        pg_class_relname(relkind, opts)
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def alter_table_add_column_sql(table, op)
-        "ADD COLUMN#{' IF NOT EXISTS' if op[:if_not_exists]} #{column_definition_sql(op)}"
-      end
-
-      def alter_table_generator_class
-        Postgres::AlterTableGenerator
-      end
-    
-      def alter_table_set_column_type_sql(table, op)
-        s = super
-        if using = op[:using]
-          using = Sequel::LiteralString.new(using) if using.is_a?(String)
-          s += ' USING '
-          s << literal(using)
-        end
-        s
-      end
-
-      def alter_table_drop_column_sql(table, op)
-        "DROP COLUMN #{'IF EXISTS ' if op[:if_exists]}#{quote_identifier(op[:name])}#{' CASCADE' if op[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      def alter_table_validate_constraint_sql(table, op)
-        "VALIDATE CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(op[:name])}"
-      end
-
-      # If the :synchronous option is given and non-nil, set synchronous_commit
-      # appropriately.  Valid values for the :synchronous option are true,
-      # :on, false, :off, :local, and :remote_write.
-      def begin_new_transaction(conn, opts)
-        super
-        if opts.has_key?(:synchronous)
-          case sync = opts[:synchronous]
-          when true
-            sync = :on
-          when false
-            sync = :off
-          when nil
-            return
-          end
-
-          log_connection_execute(conn, "SET LOCAL synchronous_commit = #{sync}")
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Set the READ ONLY transaction setting per savepoint, as PostgreSQL supports that.
-      def begin_savepoint(conn, opts)
-        super
-
-        unless (read_only = opts[:read_only]).nil?
-          log_connection_execute(conn, "SET TRANSACTION READ #{read_only ? 'ONLY' : 'WRITE'}")
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Literalize non-String collate options. This is because unquoted collatations
-      # are folded to lowercase, and PostgreSQL used mixed case or capitalized collations.
-      def column_definition_collate_sql(sql, column)
-        if collate = column[:collate]
-          collate = literal(collate) unless collate.is_a?(String)
-          sql << " COLLATE #{collate}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Handle PostgreSQL specific default format.
-      def column_schema_normalize_default(default, type)
-        if m = /\A(?:B?('.*')::[^']+|\((-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\))\z/.match(default)
-          default = m[1] || m[2]
-        end
-        super(default, type)
-      end
-
-      # If the :prepare option is given and we aren't in a savepoint,
-      # prepare the transaction for a two-phase commit.
-      def commit_transaction(conn, opts=OPTS)
-        if (s = opts[:prepare]) && savepoint_level(conn) <= 1
-          log_connection_execute(conn, "PREPARE TRANSACTION #{literal(s)}")
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL can't combine rename_column operations, and it can combine
-      # the custom validate_constraint operation.
-      def combinable_alter_table_op?(op)
-        (super || op[:op] == :validate_constraint) && op[:op] != :rename_column
-      end
-
-      VALID_CLIENT_MIN_MESSAGES = %w'DEBUG5 DEBUG4 DEBUG3 DEBUG2 DEBUG1 LOG NOTICE WARNING ERROR FATAL PANIC'.freeze.each(&:freeze)
-      # The SQL queries to execute when starting a new connection.
-      def connection_configuration_sqls
-        sqls = []
-
-        sqls << "SET standard_conforming_strings = ON" if typecast_value_boolean(@opts.fetch(:force_standard_strings, true))
-
-        cmm = @opts.fetch(:client_min_messages, :warning)
-        if cmm && !cmm.to_s.empty?
-          cmm = cmm.to_s.upcase.strip
-          unless VALID_CLIENT_MIN_MESSAGES.include?(cmm)
-            raise Error, "Unsupported client_min_messages setting: #{cmm}"
-          end
-          sqls << "SET client_min_messages = '#{cmm.to_s.upcase}'"
-        end
-
-        if search_path = @opts[:search_path]
-          case search_path
-          when String
-            search_path = search_path.split(",").map(&:strip)
-          when Array
-            # nil
-          else
-            raise Error, "unrecognized value for :search_path option: #{search_path.inspect}"
-          end
-          sqls << "SET search_path = #{search_path.map{|s| "\"#{s.gsub('"', '""')}\""}.join(',')}"
-        end
-
-        sqls
-      end
-
-      # Handle exclusion constraints.
-      def constraint_definition_sql(constraint)
-        case constraint[:type]
-        when :exclude
-          elements = constraint[:elements].map{|c, op| "#{literal(c)} WITH #{op}"}.join(', ')
-          sql = String.new
-          sql << "#{"CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(constraint[:name])} " if constraint[:name]}EXCLUDE USING #{constraint[:using]||'gist'} (#{elements})#{" WHERE #{filter_expr(constraint[:where])}" if constraint[:where]}"
-          constraint_deferrable_sql_append(sql, constraint[:deferrable])
-          sql
-        when :foreign_key, :check
-          sql = super
-          if constraint[:not_valid]
-            sql << " NOT VALID"
-          end
-          sql
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      def database_specific_error_class_from_sqlstate(sqlstate)
-        if sqlstate == '23P01'
-          ExclusionConstraintViolation
-        elsif sqlstate == '40P01'
-          SerializationFailure
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      DATABASE_ERROR_REGEXPS = [
-        # Add this check first, since otherwise it's possible for users to control
-        # which exception class is generated.
-        [/invalid input syntax/, DatabaseError],
-        [/duplicate key value violates unique constraint/, UniqueConstraintViolation],
-        [/violates foreign key constraint/, ForeignKeyConstraintViolation],
-        [/violates check constraint/, CheckConstraintViolation],
-        [/violates not-null constraint/, NotNullConstraintViolation],
-        [/conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint/, ExclusionConstraintViolation],
-        [/could not serialize access/, SerializationFailure],
-      ].freeze
-      def database_error_regexps
-        DATABASE_ERROR_REGEXPS
-      end
-
-      # SQL for doing fast table insert from stdin.
-      def copy_into_sql(table, opts)
-        sql = String.new
-        sql << "COPY #{literal(table)}"
-        if cols = opts[:columns]
-          sql << literal(Array(cols))
-        end
-        sql << " FROM STDIN"
-        if opts[:options] || opts[:format]
-          sql << " ("
-          sql << "FORMAT #{opts[:format]}" if opts[:format]
-          sql << "#{', ' if opts[:format]}#{opts[:options]}" if opts[:options]
-          sql << ')'
-        end
-        sql
-      end
-
-      # SQL for doing fast table output to stdout.
-      def copy_table_sql(table, opts)
-        if table.is_a?(String)
-          table
-        else
-          if opts[:options] || opts[:format]
-            options = String.new
-            options << " ("
-            options << "FORMAT #{opts[:format]}" if opts[:format]
-            options << "#{', ' if opts[:format]}#{opts[:options]}" if opts[:options]
-            options << ')'
-          end
-          table = if table.is_a?(::Sequel::Dataset)
-            "(#{table.sql})"
-          else
-            literal(table)
-          end
-          "COPY #{table} TO STDOUT#{options}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # SQL statement to create database function.
-      def create_function_sql(name, definition, opts=OPTS)
-        args = opts[:args]
-        if !opts[:args].is_a?(Array) || !opts[:args].any?{|a| Array(a).length == 3 and %w'OUT INOUT'.include?(a[2].to_s)}
-          returns = opts[:returns] || 'void'
-        end
-        language = opts[:language] || 'SQL'
-        <<-END
-        CREATE#{' OR REPLACE' if opts[:replace]} FUNCTION #{name}#{sql_function_args(args)}
-        #{"RETURNS #{returns}" if returns}
-        LANGUAGE #{language}
-        #{opts[:behavior].to_s.upcase if opts[:behavior]}
-        #{'STRICT' if opts[:strict]}
-        #{'SECURITY DEFINER' if opts[:security_definer]}
-        #{"COST #{opts[:cost]}" if opts[:cost]}
-        #{"ROWS #{opts[:rows]}" if opts[:rows]}
-        #{opts[:set].map{|k,v| " SET #{k} = #{v}"}.join("\n") if opts[:set]}
-        AS #{literal(definition.to_s)}#{", #{literal(opts[:link_symbol].to_s)}" if opts[:link_symbol]}
-        END
-      end
-
-      # SQL for creating a procedural language.
-      def create_language_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "CREATE#{' OR REPLACE' if opts[:replace] && server_version >= 90000}#{' TRUSTED' if opts[:trusted]} LANGUAGE #{name}#{" HANDLER #{opts[:handler]}" if opts[:handler]}#{" VALIDATOR #{opts[:validator]}" if opts[:validator]}"
-      end
-
-      # SQL for creating a schema.
-      def create_schema_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "CREATE SCHEMA #{'IF NOT EXISTS ' if opts[:if_not_exists]}#{quote_identifier(name)}#{" AUTHORIZATION #{literal(opts[:owner])}" if opts[:owner]}"
-      end
-
-      # DDL statement for creating a table with the given name, columns, and options
-      def create_table_prefix_sql(name, options)
-        prefix_sql = if options[:temp]
-          raise(Error, "can't provide both :temp and :unlogged to create_table") if options[:unlogged]
-          raise(Error, "can't provide both :temp and :foreign to create_table") if options[:foreign]
-          temporary_table_sql
-        elsif options[:foreign]
-          raise(Error, "can't provide both :foreign and :unlogged to create_table") if options[:unlogged]
-          'FOREIGN '
-        elsif options[:unlogged]
-          'UNLOGGED '
-        end
-
-        "CREATE #{prefix_sql}TABLE#{' IF NOT EXISTS' if options[:if_not_exists]} #{options[:temp] ? quote_identifier(name) : quote_schema_table(name)}"
-      end
-
-      def create_table_sql(name, generator, options)
-        sql = super
-
-        if inherits = options[:inherits]
-          sql += " INHERITS (#{Array(inherits).map{|t| quote_schema_table(t)}.join(', ')})"
-        end
-
-        if on_commit = options[:on_commit]
-          raise(Error, "can't provide :on_commit without :temp to create_table") unless options[:temp]
-          raise(Error, "unsupported on_commit option: #{on_commit.inspect}") unless ON_COMMIT.has_key?(on_commit)
-          sql += " ON COMMIT #{ON_COMMIT[on_commit]}"
-        end
-
-        if server = options[:foreign]
-          sql += " SERVER #{quote_identifier(server)}"
-          if foreign_opts = options[:options]
-            sql << " OPTIONS (#{foreign_opts.map{|k, v| "#{k} #{literal(v.to_s)}"}.join(', ')})"
-          end
-        end
-
-        sql
-      end
-
-      def create_table_as_sql(name, sql, options)
-        result = create_table_prefix_sql name, options
-        if on_commit = options[:on_commit]
-          result += " ON COMMIT #{ON_COMMIT[on_commit]}"
-        end
-        result += " AS #{sql}"
-      end
-
-      def create_table_generator_class
-        Postgres::CreateTableGenerator
-      end
-    
-      # SQL for creating a database trigger.
-      def create_trigger_sql(table, name, function, opts=OPTS)
-        events = opts[:events] ? Array(opts[:events]) : [:insert, :update, :delete]
-        whence = opts[:after] ? 'AFTER' : 'BEFORE'
-        if filter = opts[:when]
-          raise Error, "Trigger conditions are not supported for this database" unless supports_trigger_conditions?
-          filter = " WHEN #{filter_expr(filter)}"
-        end
-        "CREATE TRIGGER #{name} #{whence} #{events.map{|e| e.to_s.upcase}.join(' OR ')} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}#{' FOR EACH ROW' if opts[:each_row]}#{filter} EXECUTE PROCEDURE #{function}(#{Array(opts[:args]).map{|a| literal(a)}.join(', ')})"
-      end
-
-      # DDL fragment for initial part of CREATE VIEW statement
-      def create_view_prefix_sql(name, options)
-        create_view_sql_append_columns("CREATE #{'OR REPLACE 'if options[:replace]}#{'TEMPORARY 'if options[:temp]}#{'RECURSIVE ' if options[:recursive]}#{'MATERIALIZED ' if options[:materialized]}VIEW #{quote_schema_table(name)}", options[:columns] || options[:recursive])
-      end
-
-      # SQL for dropping a function from the database.
-      def drop_function_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "DROP FUNCTION#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name}#{sql_function_args(opts[:args])}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
-      end
-      
-      # Support :if_exists, :cascade, and :concurrently options.
-      def drop_index_sql(table, op)
-        sch, _ = schema_and_table(table)
-        "DROP INDEX#{' CONCURRENTLY' if op[:concurrently]}#{' IF EXISTS' if op[:if_exists]} #{"#{quote_identifier(sch)}." if sch}#{quote_identifier(op[:name] || default_index_name(table, op[:columns]))}#{' CASCADE' if op[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # SQL for dropping a procedural language from the database.
-      def drop_language_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "DROP LANGUAGE#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # SQL for dropping a schema from the database.
-      def drop_schema_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "DROP SCHEMA#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{quote_identifier(name)}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # SQL for dropping a trigger from the database.
-      def drop_trigger_sql(table, name, opts=OPTS)
-        "DROP TRIGGER#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # Support :foreign tables
-      def drop_table_sql(name, options)
-        "DROP#{' FOREIGN' if options[:foreign]} TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_table(name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # SQL for dropping a view from the database.
-      def drop_view_sql(name, opts=OPTS)
-        "DROP #{'MATERIALIZED ' if opts[:materialized]}VIEW#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_table(name)}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # If opts includes a :schema option, use it, otherwise restrict the filter to only the
-      # currently visible schemas.
-      def filter_schema(ds, opts)
-        expr = if schema = opts[:schema]
-          schema.to_s
-        else
-          Sequel.function(:any, Sequel.function(:current_schemas, false))
-        end
-        ds.where{{pg_namespace[:nspname]=>expr}}
-      end
-
-      def index_definition_sql(table_name, index)
-        cols = index[:columns]
-        index_name = index[:name] || default_index_name(table_name, cols)
-        expr = if o = index[:opclass]
-          "(#{Array(cols).map{|c| "#{literal(c)} #{o}"}.join(', ')})"
-        else
-          literal(Array(cols))
-        end
-        if_not_exists = " IF NOT EXISTS" if index[:if_not_exists]
-        unique = "UNIQUE " if index[:unique]
-        index_type = index[:type]
-        filter = index[:where] || index[:filter]
-        filter = " WHERE #{filter_expr(filter)}" if filter
-        case index_type
-        when :full_text
-          expr = "(to_tsvector(#{literal(index[:language] || 'simple')}::regconfig, #{literal(dataset.send(:full_text_string_join, cols))}))"
-          index_type = index[:index_type] || :gin
-        when :spatial
-          index_type = :gist
-        end
-        "CREATE #{unique}INDEX#{' CONCURRENTLY' if index[:concurrently]}#{if_not_exists} #{quote_identifier(index_name)} ON #{quote_schema_table(table_name)} #{"USING #{index_type} " if index_type}#{expr}#{filter}"
-      end
-
-      # Setup datastructures shared by all postgres adapters.
-      def initialize_postgres_adapter
-        @primary_keys = {}
-        @primary_key_sequences = {}
-        @supported_types = {}
-        procs = @conversion_procs = CONVERSION_PROCS.dup
-        procs[1184] = procs[1114] = method(:to_application_timestamp)
-      end
-
-      # Backbone of the tables and views support.
-      def pg_class_relname(type, opts)
-        ds = metadata_dataset.from(:pg_class).where(:relkind=>type).select(:relname).server(opts[:server]).join(:pg_namespace, :oid=>:relnamespace)
-        ds = filter_schema(ds, opts)
-        m = output_identifier_meth
-        if block_given?
-          yield(ds)
-        elsif opts[:qualify]
-          ds.select_append{pg_namespace[:nspname]}.map{|r| Sequel.qualify(m.call(r[:nspname]).to_s, m.call(r[:relname]).to_s)}
-        else
-          ds.map{|r| m.call(r[:relname])}
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Use a dollar sign instead of question mark for the argument placeholder.
-      def prepared_arg_placeholder
-        PREPARED_ARG_PLACEHOLDER
-      end
-
-      # Return an expression the oid for the table expr.  Used by the metadata parsing
-      # code to disambiguate unqualified tables.
-      def regclass_oid(expr, opts=OPTS)
-        if expr.is_a?(String) && !expr.is_a?(LiteralString)
-          expr = Sequel.identifier(expr)
-        end
-
-        sch, table = schema_and_table(expr)
-        sch ||= opts[:schema]
-        if sch
-          expr = Sequel.qualify(sch, table)
-        end
-        
-        expr = if ds = opts[:dataset]
-          ds.literal(expr)
-        else
-          literal(expr)
-        end
-
-        Sequel.cast(expr.to_s,:regclass).cast(:oid)
-      end
-
-      # Remove the cached entries for primary keys and sequences when a table is changed.
-      def remove_cached_schema(table)
-        tab = quote_schema_table(table)
-        Sequel.synchronize do
-          @primary_keys.delete(tab)
-          @primary_key_sequences.delete(tab)
-        end
-        super
-      end
-
-      # SQL DDL statement for renaming a table. PostgreSQL doesn't allow you to change a table's schema in
-      # a rename table operation, so speciying a new schema in new_name will not have an effect.
-      def rename_table_sql(name, new_name)
-        "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(name)} RENAME TO #{quote_identifier(schema_and_table(new_name).last)}"
-      end
-
-      def schema_column_type(db_type)
-        case db_type
-        when /\Ainterval\z/io
-          :interval
-        when /\Acitext\z/io
-          :string
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # The dataset used for parsing table schemas, using the pg_* system catalogs.
-      def schema_parse_table(table_name, opts)
-        m = output_identifier_meth(opts[:dataset])
-        oid = regclass_oid(table_name, opts)
-        ds = metadata_dataset.select{[
-            pg_attribute[:attname].as(:name),
-            SQL::Cast.new(pg_attribute[:atttypid], :integer).as(:oid),
-            SQL::Cast.new(basetype[:oid], :integer).as(:base_oid),
-            SQL::Function.new(:format_type, basetype[:oid], pg_type[:typtypmod]).as(:db_base_type),
-            SQL::Function.new(:format_type, pg_type[:oid], pg_attribute[:atttypmod]).as(:db_type),
-            SQL::Function.new(:pg_get_expr, pg_attrdef[:adbin], pg_class[:oid]).as(:default),
-            SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:NOT, pg_attribute[:attnotnull]).as(:allow_null),
-            SQL::Function.new(:COALESCE, SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(pg_attribute[:attnum] => SQL::Function.new(:ANY, pg_index[:indkey])), false).as(:primary_key)]}.
-          from(:pg_class).
-          join(:pg_attribute, :attrelid=>:oid).
-          join(:pg_type, :oid=>:atttypid).
-          left_outer_join(Sequel[:pg_type].as(:basetype), :oid=>:typbasetype).
-          left_outer_join(:pg_attrdef, :adrelid=>Sequel[:pg_class][:oid], :adnum=>Sequel[:pg_attribute][:attnum]).
-          left_outer_join(:pg_index, :indrelid=>Sequel[:pg_class][:oid], :indisprimary=>true).
-          where{{pg_attribute[:attisdropped]=>false}}.
-          where{pg_attribute[:attnum] > 0}.
-          where{{pg_class[:oid]=>oid}}.
-          order{pg_attribute[:attnum]}
-        ds.map do |row|
-          row[:default] = nil if blank_object?(row[:default])
-          if row[:base_oid]
-            row[:domain_oid] = row[:oid]
-            row[:oid] = row.delete(:base_oid)
-            row[:db_domain_type] = row[:db_type]
-            row[:db_type] = row.delete(:db_base_type)
-          else
-            row.delete(:base_oid)
-            row.delete(:db_base_type)
-          end
-          row[:type] = schema_column_type(row[:db_type])
-          if row[:primary_key]
-            row[:auto_increment] = !!(row[:default] =~ /\Anextval/io)
-          end
-          [m.call(row.delete(:name)), row]
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Set the transaction isolation level on the given connection
-      def set_transaction_isolation(conn, opts)
-        level = opts.fetch(:isolation, transaction_isolation_level)
-        read_only = opts[:read_only]
-        deferrable = opts[:deferrable]
-        if level || !read_only.nil? || !deferrable.nil?
-          sql = String.new
-          sql << "SET TRANSACTION"
-          sql << " ISOLATION LEVEL #{Sequel::Database::TRANSACTION_ISOLATION_LEVELS[level]}" if level
-          sql << " READ #{read_only ? 'ONLY' : 'WRITE'}" unless read_only.nil?
-          sql << " #{'NOT ' unless deferrable}DEFERRABLE" unless deferrable.nil?
-          log_connection_execute(conn, sql)
-        end
-      end
-     
-      # Turns an array of argument specifiers into an SQL fragment used for function arguments.  See create_function_sql.
-      def sql_function_args(args)
-        "(#{Array(args).map{|a| Array(a).reverse.join(' ')}.join(', ')})"
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL can combine multiple alter table ops into a single query.
-      def supports_combining_alter_table_ops?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW.
-      def supports_create_or_replace_view?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Handle bigserial type if :serial option is present
-      def type_literal_generic_bignum_symbol(column)
-        column[:serial] ? :bigserial : super
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL uses the bytea data type for blobs
-      def type_literal_generic_file(column)
-        :bytea
-      end
-
-      # Handle serial type if :serial option is present
-      def type_literal_generic_integer(column)
-        column[:serial] ? :serial : super
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL prefers the text datatype.  If a fixed size is requested,
-      # the char type is used.  If the text type is specifically
-      # disallowed or there is a size specified, use the varchar type.
-      # Otherwise use the text type.
-      def type_literal_generic_string(column)
-        if column[:fixed]
-          "char(#{column[:size]||255})"
-        elsif column[:text] == false or column[:size]
-          "varchar(#{column[:size]||255})"
-        else
-          :text
-        end
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.4+ supports views with check option.
-      def view_with_check_option_support
-        :local if server_version >= 90400
-      end
-    end
-
-    module DatasetMethods
-      include UnmodifiedIdentifiers::DatasetMethods
-
-      NULL = LiteralString.new('NULL').freeze
-      LOCK_MODES = ['ACCESS SHARE', 'ROW SHARE', 'ROW EXCLUSIVE', 'SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE', 'SHARE', 'SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE', 'EXCLUSIVE', 'ACCESS EXCLUSIVE'].each(&:freeze).freeze
-
-      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :delete, [['if server_version >= 90100', %w'with delete from using where returning'], ['else', %w'delete from using where returning']])
-      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :insert, [['if server_version >= 90500', %w'with insert into columns values conflict returning'], ['elsif server_version >= 90100', %w'with insert into columns values returning'], ['else', %w'insert into columns values returning']])
-      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :select, [['if opts[:values]', %w'values order limit'], ['elsif server_version >= 80400', %w'with select distinct columns from join where group having window compounds order limit lock'], ['else', %w'select distinct columns from join where group having compounds order limit lock']])
-      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :update, [['if server_version >= 90100', %w'with update table set from where returning'], ['else', %w'update table set from where returning']])
-
-      # Return the results of an EXPLAIN ANALYZE query as a string
-      def analyze
-        explain(:analyze=>true)
-      end
-
-      # Handle converting the ruby xor operator (^) into the
-      # PostgreSQL xor operator (#), and use the ILIKE and NOT ILIKE
-      # operators.
-      def complex_expression_sql_append(sql, op, args)
-        case op
-        when :^
-          j = ' # '
-          c = false
-          args.each do |a|
-            sql << j if c
-            literal_append(sql, a)
-            c ||= true
-          end
-        when :ILIKE, :'NOT ILIKE'
-          sql << '('
-          literal_append(sql, args[0])
-          sql << ' ' << op.to_s << ' '
-          literal_append(sql, args[1])
-          sql << " ESCAPE "
-          literal_append(sql, "\\")
-          sql << ')'
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Disables automatic use of INSERT ... RETURNING.  You can still use
-      # returning manually to force the use of RETURNING when inserting.
-      #
-      # This is designed for cases where INSERT RETURNING cannot be used,
-      # such as when you are using partitioning with trigger functions
-      # or conditional rules, or when you are using a PostgreSQL version
-      # less than 8.2, or a PostgreSQL derivative that does not support
-      # returning.
-      #
-      # Note that when this method is used, insert will not return the
-      # primary key of the inserted row, you will have to get the primary
-      # key of the inserted row before inserting via nextval, or after
-      # inserting via currval or lastval (making sure to use the same
-      # database connection for currval or lastval).
-      def disable_insert_returning
-        clone(:disable_insert_returning=>true)
-      end
-
-      # Return the results of an EXPLAIN query as a string
-      def explain(opts=OPTS)
-        with_sql((opts[:analyze] ? 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE ' : 'EXPLAIN ') + select_sql).map(:'QUERY PLAN').join("\r\n")
-      end
-
-      # Return a cloned dataset which will use FOR SHARE to lock returned rows.
-      def for_share
-        lock_style(:share)
-      end
-
-      # Run a full text search on PostgreSQL.  By default, searching for the inclusion
-      # of any of the terms in any of the cols.
-      #
-      # Options:
-      # :headline :: Append a expression to the selected columns aliased to headline that
-      #              contains an extract of the matched text.
-      # :language :: The language to use for the search (default: 'simple')
-      # :plain :: Whether a plain search should be used (default: false).  In this case,
-      #           terms should be a single string, and it will do a search where cols
-      #           contains all of the words in terms.  This ignores search operators in terms.
-      # :phrase :: Similar to :plain, but also adding an ILIKE filter to ensure that
-      #            returned rows also include the exact phrase used.
-      # :rank :: Set to true to order by the rank, so that closer matches are returned first.
-      # :to_tsquery :: Can be set to :plain or :phrase to specify the function to use to
-      #                convert the terms to a ts_query.
-      # :tsquery :: Specifies the terms argument is already a valid SQL expression returning a
-      #             tsquery, and can be used directly in the query.
-      # :tsvector :: Specifies the cols argument is already a valid SQL expression returning a
-      #              tsvector, and can be used directly in the query.
-      def full_text_search(cols, terms, opts = OPTS)
-        lang = Sequel.cast(opts[:language] || 'simple', :regconfig)
-
-        unless opts[:tsvector]
-          phrase_cols = full_text_string_join(cols)
-          cols = Sequel.function(:to_tsvector, lang, phrase_cols)
-        end
-
-        unless opts[:tsquery]
-          phrase_terms = terms.is_a?(Array) ? terms.join(' | ') : terms
-
-          query_func = case to_tsquery = opts[:to_tsquery]
-          when :phrase, :plain
-            :"#{to_tsquery}to_tsquery"
-          else
-            (opts[:phrase] || opts[:plain]) ? :plainto_tsquery : :to_tsquery
-          end
-
-          terms = Sequel.function(query_func, lang, phrase_terms)
-        end
-
-        ds = where(Sequel.lit(["", " @@ ", ""], cols, terms))
-
-        if opts[:phrase]
-          raise Error, "can't use :phrase with either :tsvector or :tsquery arguments to full_text_search together" if opts[:tsvector] || opts[:tsquery]
-          ds = ds.grep(phrase_cols, "%#{escape_like(phrase_terms)}%", :case_insensitive=>true)
-        end
-
-        if opts[:rank]
-          ds = ds.reverse{ts_rank_cd(cols, terms)}
-        end
-
-        if opts[:headline]
-          ds = ds.select_append{ts_headline(lang, phrase_cols, terms).as(:headline)}
-        end
-
-        ds
-      end
-
-      # Insert given values into the database.
-      def insert(*values)
-        if @opts[:returning]
-          # Already know which columns to return, let the standard code handle it
-          super
-        elsif @opts[:sql] || @opts[:disable_insert_returning]
-          # Raw SQL used or RETURNING disabled, just use the default behavior
-          # and return nil since sequence is not known.
-          super
-          nil
-        else
-          # Force the use of RETURNING with the primary key value,
-          # unless it has been disabled.
-          returning(insert_pk).insert(*values){|r| return r.values.first}
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Handle uniqueness violations when inserting, by updating the conflicting row, using
-      # ON CONFLICT. With no options, uses ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  Options:
-      # :conflict_where :: The index filter, when using a partial index to determine uniqueness.
-      # :constraint :: An explicit constraint name, has precendence over :target.
-      # :target :: The column name or expression to handle uniqueness violations on.
-      # :update :: A hash of columns and values to set.  Uses ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE.
-      # :update_where :: A WHERE condition to use for the update.
-      #
-      # Examples:
-      #
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict.insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
-      #   
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict(constraint: :table_a_uidx).insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT table_a_uidx DO NOTHING
-      #   
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict(target: :a).insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT (a) DO NOTHING
-      #
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict(target: :a, conflict_where: {c: true}).insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT (a) WHERE (c IS TRUE) DO NOTHING
-      #   
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict(target: :a, update: {b: Sequel[:excluded][:b]}).insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET b = excluded.b
-      #   
-      #   DB[:table].insert_conflict(constraint: :table_a_uidx,
-      #     update: {b: Sequel[:excluded][:b]}, update_where: {Sequel[:table][:status_id] => 1}).insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT table_a_uidx
-      #   # DO UPDATE SET b = excluded.b WHERE (table.status_id = 1)
-      def insert_conflict(opts=OPTS)
-        clone(:insert_conflict => opts)
-      end
-
-      # Ignore uniqueness/exclusion violations when inserting, using ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.
-      # Exists mostly for compatibility to MySQL's insert_ignore. Example:
-      #
-      #   DB[:table].insert_ignore.insert(a: 1, b: 2)
-      #   # INSERT INTO TABLE (a, b) VALUES (1, 2)
-      #   # ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
-      def insert_ignore
-        insert_conflict
-      end
-
-      # Insert a record returning the record inserted.  Always returns nil without
-      # inserting a query if disable_insert_returning is used.
-      def insert_select(*values)
-        return unless supports_insert_select?
-        server?(:default).with_sql_first(insert_select_sql(*values))
-      end
-
-      # The SQL to use for an insert_select, adds a RETURNING clause to the insert
-      # unless the RETURNING clause is already present.
-      def insert_select_sql(*values)
-        ds = opts[:returning] ? self : returning
-        ds.insert_sql(*values)
-      end
-
-      # Locks all tables in the dataset's FROM clause (but not in JOINs) with
-      # the specified mode (e.g. 'EXCLUSIVE').  If a block is given, starts
-      # a new transaction, locks the table, and yields.  If a block is not given,
-      # just locks the tables.  Note that PostgreSQL will probably raise an error
-      # if you lock the table outside of an existing transaction.  Returns nil.
-      def lock(mode, opts=OPTS)
-        if block_given? # perform locking inside a transaction and yield to block
-          @db.transaction(opts){lock(mode, opts); yield}
-        else
-          sql = 'LOCK TABLE '.dup
-          source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from])
-          mode = mode.to_s.upcase.strip
-          unless LOCK_MODES.include?(mode)
-            raise Error, "Unsupported lock mode: #{mode}"
-          end
-          sql << " IN #{mode} MODE"
-          @db.execute(sql, opts)
-        end
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def supports_cte?(type=:select)
-        if type == :select
-          server_version >= 80400
-        else
-          server_version >= 90100
-        end
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports using the WITH clause in subqueries if it
-      # supports using WITH at all (i.e. on PostgreSQL 8.4+).
-      def supports_cte_in_subqueries?
-        supports_cte?
-      end
-
-      # DISTINCT ON is a PostgreSQL extension
-      def supports_distinct_on?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.5+ supports GROUP CUBE
-      def supports_group_cube?
-        server_version >= 90500
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.5+ supports GROUP ROLLUP
-      def supports_group_rollup?
-        server_version >= 90500
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.5+ supports GROUPING SETS
-      def supports_grouping_sets?
-        server_version >= 90500
-      end
-
-      # True unless insert returning has been disabled for this dataset.
-      def supports_insert_select?
-        !@opts[:disable_insert_returning]
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.5+ supports the ON CONFLICT clause to INSERT.
-      def supports_insert_conflict?
-        server_version >= 90500
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.3+ supports lateral subqueries
-      def supports_lateral_subqueries?
-        server_version >= 90300
-      end
-      
-      # PostgreSQL supports modifying joined datasets
-      def supports_modifying_joins?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Returning is always supported.
-      def supports_returning?(type)
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports pattern matching via regular expressions
-      def supports_regexp?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 9.5+ supports SKIP LOCKED.
-      def supports_skip_locked?
-        server_version >= 90500
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports timezones in literal timestamps
-      def supports_timestamp_timezones?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL 8.4+ supports window functions
-      def supports_window_functions?
-        server_version >= 80400
-      end
-
-      # Truncates the dataset.  Returns nil.
-      #
-      # Options:
-      # :cascade :: whether to use the CASCADE option, useful when truncating
-      #             tables with foreign keys.
-      # :only :: truncate using ONLY, so child tables are unaffected
-      # :restart :: use RESTART IDENTITY to restart any related sequences
-      #
-      # :only and :restart only work correctly on PostgreSQL 8.4+.
-      #
-      # Usage:
-      #   DB[:table].truncate
-      #   # TRUNCATE TABLE "table"
-      #
-      #   DB[:table].truncate(cascade: true, only: true, restart: true)
-      #   # TRUNCATE TABLE ONLY "table" RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE
-      def truncate(opts = OPTS)
-        if opts.empty?
-          super()
-        else
-          clone(:truncate_opts=>opts).truncate
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Return a clone of the dataset with an addition named window that can be
-      # referenced in window functions. See {SQL::Window} for a list of options
-      # that can be passed in.
-      def window(name, opts)
-        clone(:window=>(@opts[:window]||[]) + [[name, SQL::Window.new(opts)]])
-      end
-
-      protected
-
-      # If returned primary keys are requested, use RETURNING unless already set on the
-      # dataset.  If RETURNING is already set, use existing returning values.  If RETURNING
-      # is only set to return a single columns, return an array of just that column.
-      # Otherwise, return an array of hashes.
-      def _import(columns, values, opts=OPTS)
-        if @opts[:returning]
-          statements = multi_insert_sql(columns, values)
-          @db.transaction(Hash[opts].merge!(:server=>@opts[:server])) do
-            statements.map{|st| returning_fetch_rows(st)}
-          end.first.map{|v| v.length == 1 ? v.values.first : v}
-        elsif opts[:return] == :primary_key
-          returning(insert_pk)._import(columns, values, opts)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      # Format TRUNCATE statement with PostgreSQL specific options.
-      def _truncate_sql(table)
-        to = @opts[:truncate_opts] || {}
-        "TRUNCATE TABLE#{' ONLY' if to[:only]} #{table}#{' RESTART IDENTITY' if to[:restart]}#{' CASCADE' if to[:cascade]}"
-      end
-
-      # Allow truncation of multiple source tables.
-      def check_truncation_allowed!
-        raise(InvalidOperation, "Grouped datasets cannot be truncated") if opts[:group]
-        raise(InvalidOperation, "Joined datasets cannot be truncated") if opts[:join]
-      end
-
-      # Only include the primary table in the main delete clause
-      def delete_from_sql(sql)
-        sql << ' FROM '
-        source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from][0..0])
-      end
-
-      # Use USING to specify additional tables in a delete query
-      def delete_using_sql(sql)
-        join_from_sql(:USING, sql)
-      end
-
-      # Add ON CONFLICT clause if it should be used
-      def insert_conflict_sql(sql)
-        if opts = @opts[:insert_conflict]
-          sql << " ON CONFLICT"
-
-          if target = opts[:constraint] 
-            sql << " ON CONSTRAINT "
-            identifier_append(sql, target)
-          elsif target = opts[:target]
-            sql << ' '
-            identifier_append(sql, Array(target))
-            if conflict_where = opts[:conflict_where]
-              sql << " WHERE "
-              literal_append(sql, conflict_where)
-            end
-          end
-
-          if values = opts[:update]
-            sql << " DO UPDATE SET "
-            update_sql_values_hash(sql, values)
-            if update_where = opts[:update_where]
-              sql << " WHERE "
-              literal_append(sql, update_where)
-            end
-          else
-            sql << " DO NOTHING"
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Return the primary key to use for RETURNING in an INSERT statement
-      def insert_pk
-        if (f = opts[:from]) && !f.empty?
-          case t = f.first
-          when Symbol, String, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier
-            if pk = db.primary_key(t)
-              Sequel::SQL::Identifier.new(pk)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # For multiple table support, PostgreSQL requires at least
-      # two from tables, with joins allowed.
-      def join_from_sql(type, sql)
-        if(from = @opts[:from][1..-1]).empty?
-          raise(Error, 'Need multiple FROM tables if updating/deleting a dataset with JOINs') if @opts[:join]
-        else
-          sql << ' ' << type.to_s << ' '
-          source_list_append(sql, from)
-          select_join_sql(sql)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Use a generic blob quoting method, hopefully overridden in one of the subadapter methods
-      def literal_blob_append(sql, v)
-        sql << "'" << v.gsub(/[\000-\037\047\134\177-\377]/n){|b| "\\#{("%o" % b[0..1].unpack("C")[0]).rjust(3, '0')}"} << "'"
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL uses FALSE for false values
-      def literal_false
-        'false'
-      end
-      
-      # PostgreSQL quotes NaN and Infinity.
-      def literal_float(value)
-        if value.finite?
-          super
-        elsif value.nan?
-          "'NaN'"
-        elsif value.infinite? == 1
-          "'Infinity'"
-        else
-          "'-Infinity'"
-        end
-      end 
-
-      # Assume that SQL standard quoting is on, per Sequel's defaults
-      def literal_string_append(sql, v)
-        sql << "'" << v.gsub("'", "''") << "'"
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL uses true for true values
-      def literal_true
-        'true'
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports multiple rows in INSERT.
-      def multi_insert_sql_strategy
-        :values
-      end
-
-      # Dataset options that do not affect the generated SQL.
-      def non_sql_option?(key)
-        super || key == :cursor || key == :insert_conflict
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL requires parentheses around compound datasets if they use
-      # CTEs, and using them in other places doesn't hurt.
-      def compound_dataset_sql_append(sql, ds)
-        sql << '('
-        super
-        sql << ')'
-      end
-
-      # Support FOR SHARE locking when using the :share lock style.
-      # Use SKIP LOCKED if skipping locked rows.
-      def select_lock_sql(sql)
-        if @opts[:lock] == :share
-          sql << ' FOR SHARE'
-        else
-          super
-        end
-
-        if @opts[:skip_locked]
-          sql << " SKIP LOCKED"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Support VALUES clause instead of the SELECT clause to return rows.
-      def select_values_sql(sql)
-        sql << "VALUES "
-        expression_list_append(sql, opts[:values])
-      end
-
-      # SQL fragment for named window specifications
-      def select_window_sql(sql)
-        if ws = @opts[:window]
-          sql << " WINDOW "
-          c = false
-          co = ', '
-          as = ' AS '
-          ws.map do |name, window|
-            sql << co if c
-            literal_append(sql, name)
-            sql << as
-            literal_append(sql, window)
-            c ||= true
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Use WITH RECURSIVE instead of WITH if any of the CTEs is recursive
-      def select_with_sql_base
-        opts[:with].any?{|w| w[:recursive]} ? "WITH RECURSIVE " : super
-      end
-
-      # The version of the database server
-      def server_version
-        db.server_version(@opts[:server])
-      end
-
-      # PostgreSQL supports quoted function names.
-      def supports_quoted_function_names?
-        true
-      end
-
-      def to_prepared_statement(type, *a)
-        if type == :insert && !@opts.has_key?(:returning)
-          returning(insert_pk).send(:to_prepared_statement, :insert_pk, *a)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Concatenate the expressions with a space in between
-      def full_text_string_join(cols)
-        cols = Array(cols).map{|x| SQL::Function.new(:COALESCE, x, '')}
-        cols = cols.zip([' '] * cols.length).flatten
-        cols.pop
-        SQL::StringExpression.new(:'||', *cols)
-      end
-
-      # Use FROM to specify additional tables in an update query
-      def update_from_sql(sql)
-        join_from_sql(:FROM, sql)
-      end
-
-      # Only include the primary table in the main update clause
-      def update_table_sql(sql)
-        sql << ' '
-        source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from][0..0])
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end