tcc 0.1.0

data/ext/tcc/tcc-0.9.26/tccasm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1118 @@
+/*
+ *  GAS like assembler for TCC
+ * 
+ *  Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#include "tcc.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_TCC_ASM
+
+ST_FUNC int asm_get_local_label_name(TCCState *s1, unsigned int n)
+{
+    char buf[64];
+    TokenSym *ts;
+
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "L..%u", n);
+    ts = tok_alloc(buf, strlen(buf));
+    return ts->tok;
+}
+
+ST_FUNC void asm_expr(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe);
+
+/* We do not use the C expression parser to handle symbols. Maybe the
+   C expression parser could be tweaked to do so. */
+
+static void asm_expr_unary(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe)
+{
+    Sym *sym;
+    int op, n, label;
+    const char *p;
+
+    switch(tok) {
+    case TOK_PPNUM:
+        p = tokc.cstr->data;
+        n = strtoul(p, (char **)&p, 0);
+        if (*p == 'b' || *p == 'f') {
+            /* backward or forward label */
+            label = asm_get_local_label_name(s1, n);
+            sym = label_find(label);
+            if (*p == 'b') {
+                /* backward : find the last corresponding defined label */
+                if (sym && sym->r == 0)
+                    sym = sym->prev_tok;
+                if (!sym)
+                    tcc_error("local label '%d' not found backward", n);
+            } else {
+                /* forward */
+                if (!sym || sym->r) {
+                    /* if the last label is defined, then define a new one */
+                    sym = label_push(&s1->asm_labels, label, 0);
+                    sym->type.t = VT_STATIC | VT_VOID;
+                }
+            }
+            pe->v = 0;
+            pe->sym = sym;
+        } else if (*p == '\0') {
+            pe->v = n;
+            pe->sym = NULL;
+        } else {
+            tcc_error("invalid number syntax");
+        }
+        next();
+        break;
+    case '+':
+        next();
+        asm_expr_unary(s1, pe);
+        break;
+    case '-':
+    case '~':
+        op = tok;
+        next();
+        asm_expr_unary(s1, pe);
+        if (pe->sym)
+            tcc_error("invalid operation with label");
+        if (op == '-')
+            pe->v = -pe->v;
+        else
+            pe->v = ~pe->v;
+        break;
+    case TOK_CCHAR:
+    case TOK_LCHAR:
+	pe->v = tokc.i;
+	pe->sym = NULL;
+	next();
+	break;
+    case '(':
+        next();
+        asm_expr(s1, pe);
+        skip(')');
+        break;
+    default:
+        if (tok >= TOK_IDENT) {
+            /* label case : if the label was not found, add one */
+            sym = label_find(tok);
+            if (!sym) {
+                sym = label_push(&s1->asm_labels, tok, 0);
+                /* NOTE: by default, the symbol is global */
+                sym->type.t = VT_VOID;
+            }
+            if (sym->r == SHN_ABS) {
+                /* if absolute symbol, no need to put a symbol value */
+                pe->v = sym->jnext;
+                pe->sym = NULL;
+            } else {
+                pe->v = 0;
+                pe->sym = sym;
+            }
+            next();
+        } else {
+            tcc_error("bad expression syntax [%s]", get_tok_str(tok, &tokc));
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+    
+static void asm_expr_prod(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe)
+{
+    int op;
+    ExprValue e2;
+
+    asm_expr_unary(s1, pe);
+    for(;;) {
+        op = tok;
+        if (op != '*' && op != '/' && op != '%' && 
+            op != TOK_SHL && op != TOK_SAR)
+            break;
+        next();
+        asm_expr_unary(s1, &e2);
+        if (pe->sym || e2.sym)
+            tcc_error("invalid operation with label");
+        switch(op) {
+        case '*':
+            pe->v *= e2.v;
+            break;
+        case '/':  
+            if (e2.v == 0) {
+            div_error:
+                tcc_error("division by zero");
+            }
+            pe->v /= e2.v;
+            break;
+        case '%':  
+            if (e2.v == 0)
+                goto div_error;
+            pe->v %= e2.v;
+            break;
+        case TOK_SHL:
+            pe->v <<= e2.v;
+            break;
+        default:
+        case TOK_SAR:
+            pe->v >>= e2.v;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void asm_expr_logic(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe)
+{
+    int op;
+    ExprValue e2;
+
+    asm_expr_prod(s1, pe);
+    for(;;) {
+        op = tok;
+        if (op != '&' && op != '|' && op != '^')
+            break;
+        next();
+        asm_expr_prod(s1, &e2);
+        if (pe->sym || e2.sym)
+            tcc_error("invalid operation with label");
+        switch(op) {
+        case '&':
+            pe->v &= e2.v;
+            break;
+        case '|':  
+            pe->v |= e2.v;
+            break;
+        default:
+        case '^':
+            pe->v ^= e2.v;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void asm_expr_sum(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe)
+{
+    int op;
+    ExprValue e2;
+
+    asm_expr_logic(s1, pe);
+    for(;;) {
+        op = tok;
+        if (op != '+' && op != '-')
+            break;
+        next();
+        asm_expr_logic(s1, &e2);
+        if (op == '+') {
+            if (pe->sym != NULL && e2.sym != NULL)
+                goto cannot_relocate;
+            pe->v += e2.v;
+            if (pe->sym == NULL && e2.sym != NULL)
+                pe->sym = e2.sym;
+        } else {
+            pe->v -= e2.v;
+            /* NOTE: we are less powerful than gas in that case
+               because we store only one symbol in the expression */
+            if (!pe->sym && !e2.sym) {
+                /* OK */
+            } else if (pe->sym && !e2.sym) {
+                /* OK */
+            } else if (pe->sym && e2.sym) {
+                if (pe->sym == e2.sym) { 
+                    /* OK */
+                } else if (pe->sym->r == e2.sym->r && pe->sym->r != 0) {
+                    /* we also accept defined symbols in the same section */
+                    pe->v += pe->sym->jnext - e2.sym->jnext;
+                } else {
+                    goto cannot_relocate;
+                }
+                pe->sym = NULL; /* same symbols can be substracted to NULL */
+            } else {
+            cannot_relocate:
+                tcc_error("invalid operation with label");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ST_FUNC void asm_expr(TCCState *s1, ExprValue *pe)
+{
+    asm_expr_sum(s1, pe);
+}
+
+ST_FUNC int asm_int_expr(TCCState *s1)
+{
+    ExprValue e;
+    asm_expr(s1, &e);
+    if (e.sym)
+        expect("constant");
+    return e.v;
+}
+
+/* NOTE: the same name space as C labels is used to avoid using too
+   much memory when storing labels in TokenStrings */
+static void asm_new_label1(TCCState *s1, int label, int is_local,
+                           int sh_num, int value)
+{
+    Sym *sym;
+
+    sym = label_find(label);
+    if (sym) {
+        if (sym->r) {
+            /* the label is already defined */
+            if (!is_local) {
+                tcc_error("assembler label '%s' already defined", 
+                      get_tok_str(label, NULL));
+            } else {
+                /* redefinition of local labels is possible */
+                goto new_label;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+    new_label:
+        sym = label_push(&s1->asm_labels, label, 0);
+        sym->type.t = VT_STATIC | VT_VOID;
+    }
+    sym->r = sh_num;
+    sym->jnext = value;
+}
+
+static void asm_new_label(TCCState *s1, int label, int is_local)
+{
+    asm_new_label1(s1, label, is_local, cur_text_section->sh_num, ind);
+}
+
+static void asm_free_labels(TCCState *st)
+{
+    Sym *s, *s1;
+    Section *sec;
+    
+    for(s = st->asm_labels; s != NULL; s = s1) {
+        s1 = s->prev;
+        /* define symbol value in object file */
+        if (s->r) {
+            if (s->r == SHN_ABS)
+                sec = SECTION_ABS;
+            else
+                sec = st->sections[s->r];
+            put_extern_sym2(s, sec, s->jnext, 0, 0);
+        }
+        /* remove label */
+        table_ident[s->v - TOK_IDENT]->sym_label = NULL;
+        sym_free(s);
+    }
+    st->asm_labels = NULL;
+}
+
+static void use_section1(TCCState *s1, Section *sec)
+{
+    cur_text_section->data_offset = ind;
+    cur_text_section = sec;
+    ind = cur_text_section->data_offset;
+}
+
+static void use_section(TCCState *s1, const char *name)
+{
+    Section *sec;
+    sec = find_section(s1, name);
+    use_section1(s1, sec);
+}
+
+static void asm_parse_directive(TCCState *s1)
+{
+    int n, offset, v, size, tok1;
+    Section *sec;
+    uint8_t *ptr;
+
+    /* assembler directive */
+    next();
+    sec = cur_text_section;
+    switch(tok) {
+    case TOK_ASM_align:
+    case TOK_ASM_skip:
+    case TOK_ASM_space:
+        tok1 = tok;
+        next();
+        n = asm_int_expr(s1);
+        if (tok1 == TOK_ASM_align) {
+            if (n < 0 || (n & (n-1)) != 0)
+                tcc_error("alignment must be a positive power of two");
+            offset = (ind + n - 1) & -n;
+            size = offset - ind;
+            /* the section must have a compatible alignment */
+            if (sec->sh_addralign < n)
+                sec->sh_addralign = n;
+        } else {
+            size = n;
+        }
+        v = 0;
+        if (tok == ',') {
+            next();
+            v = asm_int_expr(s1);
+        }
+    zero_pad:
+        if (sec->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
+            sec->data_offset = ind;
+            ptr = section_ptr_add(sec, size);
+            memset(ptr, v, size);
+        }
+        ind += size;
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_quad:
+        next();
+        for(;;) {
+            uint64_t vl;
+            const char *p;
+
+            p = tokc.cstr->data;
+            if (tok != TOK_PPNUM) {
+            error_constant:
+                tcc_error("64 bit constant");
+            }
+            vl = strtoll(p, (char **)&p, 0);
+            if (*p != '\0')
+                goto error_constant;
+            next();
+            if (sec->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
+                /* XXX: endianness */
+                gen_le32(vl);
+                gen_le32(vl >> 32);
+            } else {
+                ind += 8;
+            }
+            if (tok != ',')
+                break;
+            next();
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_byte:
+        size = 1;
+        goto asm_data;
+    case TOK_ASM_word:
+    case TOK_SHORT:
+        size = 2;
+        goto asm_data;
+    case TOK_LONG:
+    case TOK_INT:
+        size = 4;
+    asm_data:
+        next();
+        for(;;) {
+            ExprValue e;
+            asm_expr(s1, &e);
+            if (sec->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
+                if (size == 4) {
+                    gen_expr32(&e);
+                } else {
+                    if (e.sym)
+                        expect("constant");
+                    if (size == 1)
+                        g(e.v);
+                    else
+                        gen_le16(e.v);
+                }
+            } else {
+                ind += size;
+            }
+            if (tok != ',')
+                break;
+            next();
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_fill:
+        {
+            int repeat, size, val, i, j;
+            uint8_t repeat_buf[8];
+            next();
+            repeat = asm_int_expr(s1);
+            if (repeat < 0) {
+                tcc_error("repeat < 0; .fill ignored");
+                break;
+            }
+            size = 1;
+            val = 0;
+            if (tok == ',') {
+                next();
+                size = asm_int_expr(s1);
+                if (size < 0) {
+                    tcc_error("size < 0; .fill ignored");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (size > 8)
+                    size = 8;
+                if (tok == ',') {
+                    next();
+                    val = asm_int_expr(s1);
+                }
+            }
+            /* XXX: endianness */
+            repeat_buf[0] = val;
+            repeat_buf[1] = val >> 8;
+            repeat_buf[2] = val >> 16;
+            repeat_buf[3] = val >> 24;
+            repeat_buf[4] = 0;
+            repeat_buf[5] = 0;
+            repeat_buf[6] = 0;
+            repeat_buf[7] = 0;
+            for(i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
+                for(j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                    g(repeat_buf[j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_org:
+        {
+            unsigned long n;
+            next();
+            /* XXX: handle section symbols too */
+            n = asm_int_expr(s1);
+            if (n < ind)
+                tcc_error("attempt to .org backwards");
+            v = 0;
+            size = n - ind;
+            goto zero_pad;
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_globl:
+    case TOK_ASM_global:
+    case TOK_ASM_weak:
+    tok1 = tok;
+	do { 
+            Sym *sym;
+
+            next();
+            sym = label_find(tok);
+            if (!sym) {
+                sym = label_push(&s1->asm_labels, tok, 0);
+                sym->type.t = VT_VOID;
+            }
+            sym->type.t &= ~VT_STATIC;
+            if (tok1 == TOK_ASM_weak)
+                sym->type.t |= VT_WEAK;
+            next();
+	} while (tok == ',');
+	break;
+    case TOK_ASM_string:
+    case TOK_ASM_ascii:
+    case TOK_ASM_asciz:
+        {
+            const uint8_t *p;
+            int i, size, t;
+
+            t = tok;
+            next();
+            for(;;) {
+                if (tok != TOK_STR)
+                    expect("string constant");
+                p = tokc.cstr->data;
+                size = tokc.cstr->size;
+                if (t == TOK_ASM_ascii && size > 0)
+                    size--;
+                for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
+                    g(p[i]);
+                next();
+                if (tok == ',') {
+                    next();
+                } else if (tok != TOK_STR) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+	}
+	break;
+    case TOK_ASM_text:
+    case TOK_ASM_data:
+    case TOK_ASM_bss:
+	{ 
+            char sname[64];
+            tok1 = tok;
+            n = 0;
+            next();
+            if (tok != ';' && tok != TOK_LINEFEED) {
+		n = asm_int_expr(s1);
+		next();
+            }
+            sprintf(sname, (n?".%s%d":".%s"), get_tok_str(tok1, NULL), n);
+            use_section(s1, sname);
+	}
+	break;
+    case TOK_ASM_file:
+        {
+            char filename[512];
+
+            filename[0] = '\0';
+            next();
+
+            if (tok == TOK_STR)
+                pstrcat(filename, sizeof(filename), tokc.cstr->data);
+            else
+                pstrcat(filename, sizeof(filename), get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+
+            if (s1->warn_unsupported)
+                tcc_warning("ignoring .file %s", filename);
+
+            next();
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_ident:
+        {
+            char ident[256];
+
+            ident[0] = '\0';
+            next();
+
+            if (tok == TOK_STR)
+                pstrcat(ident, sizeof(ident), tokc.cstr->data);
+            else
+                pstrcat(ident, sizeof(ident), get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+
+            if (s1->warn_unsupported)
+                tcc_warning("ignoring .ident %s", ident);
+
+            next();
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_size:
+        { 
+            Sym *sym;
+
+            next();
+            sym = label_find(tok);
+            if (!sym) {
+                tcc_error("label not found: %s", get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+            }
+
+            next();
+            skip(',');
+            /* XXX .size name,label2-label1 */
+            if (s1->warn_unsupported)
+                tcc_warning("ignoring .size %s,*", get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+
+            while (tok != '\n' && tok != CH_EOF) {
+                next();
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_type:
+        { 
+            Sym *sym;
+            const char *newtype;
+
+            next();
+            sym = label_find(tok);
+            if (!sym) {
+                sym = label_push(&s1->asm_labels, tok, 0);
+                sym->type.t = VT_VOID;
+            }
+
+            next();
+            skip(',');
+            if (tok == TOK_STR) {
+                newtype = tokc.cstr->data;
+            } else {
+                if (tok == '@' || tok == '%')
+                    skip(tok);
+                newtype = get_tok_str(tok, NULL);
+            }
+
+            if (!strcmp(newtype, "function") || !strcmp(newtype, "STT_FUNC")) {
+                sym->type.t = VT_FUNC;
+            }
+            else if (s1->warn_unsupported)
+                tcc_warning("change type of '%s' from 0x%x to '%s' ignored", 
+                    get_tok_str(sym->v, NULL), sym->type.t, newtype);
+
+            next();
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_SECTION1:
+        {
+            char sname[256];
+
+            /* XXX: support more options */
+            next();
+            sname[0] = '\0';
+            while (tok != ';' && tok != TOK_LINEFEED && tok != ',') {
+                if (tok == TOK_STR)
+                    pstrcat(sname, sizeof(sname), tokc.cstr->data);
+                else
+                    pstrcat(sname, sizeof(sname), get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+                next();
+            }
+            if (tok == ',') {
+                /* skip section options */
+                next();
+                if (tok != TOK_STR)
+                    expect("string constant");
+                next();
+            }
+            last_text_section = cur_text_section;
+            use_section(s1, sname);
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_previous:
+        { 
+            Section *sec;
+            next();
+            if (!last_text_section)
+                tcc_error("no previous section referenced");
+            sec = cur_text_section;
+            use_section1(s1, last_text_section);
+            last_text_section = sec;
+        }
+        break;
+#ifdef TCC_TARGET_I386
+    case TOK_ASM_code16:
+        {
+            next();
+            s1->seg_size = 16;
+        }
+        break;
+    case TOK_ASM_code32:
+        {
+            next();
+            s1->seg_size = 32;
+        }
+        break;
+#endif
+#ifdef TCC_TARGET_X86_64
+    /* added for compatibility with GAS */
+    case TOK_ASM_code64:
+        next();
+        break;
+#endif
+    default:
+        tcc_error("unknown assembler directive '.%s'", get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* assemble a file */
+static int tcc_assemble_internal(TCCState *s1, int do_preprocess)
+{
+    int opcode;
+
+#if 0
+    /* print stats about opcodes */
+    {
+        const ASMInstr *pa;
+        int freq[4];
+        int op_vals[500];
+        int nb_op_vals, i, j;
+
+        nb_op_vals = 0;
+        memset(freq, 0, sizeof(freq));
+        for(pa = asm_instrs; pa->sym != 0; pa++) {
+            freq[pa->nb_ops]++;
+            for(i=0;i<pa->nb_ops;i++) {
+                for(j=0;j<nb_op_vals;j++) {
+                    if (pa->op_type[i] == op_vals[j])
+                        goto found;
+                }
+                op_vals[nb_op_vals++] = pa->op_type[i];
+            found: ;
+            }
+        }
+        for(i=0;i<nb_op_vals;i++) {
+            int v = op_vals[i];
+            if ((v & (v - 1)) != 0)
+                printf("%3d: %08x\n", i, v);
+        }
+        printf("size=%d nb=%d f0=%d f1=%d f2=%d f3=%d\n",
+               sizeof(asm_instrs), sizeof(asm_instrs) / sizeof(ASMInstr),
+               freq[0], freq[1], freq[2], freq[3]);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* XXX: undefine C labels */
+
+    ch = file->buf_ptr[0];
+    tok_flags = TOK_FLAG_BOL | TOK_FLAG_BOF;
+    parse_flags = PARSE_FLAG_ASM_COMMENTS;
+    if (do_preprocess)
+        parse_flags |= PARSE_FLAG_PREPROCESS;
+    next();
+    for(;;) {
+        if (tok == TOK_EOF)
+            break;
+        parse_flags |= PARSE_FLAG_LINEFEED; /* XXX: suppress that hack */
+    redo:
+        if (tok == '#') {
+            /* horrible gas comment */
+            while (tok != TOK_LINEFEED)
+                next();
+        } else if (tok == '.') {
+            asm_parse_directive(s1);
+        } else if (tok == TOK_PPNUM) {
+            const char *p;
+            int n;
+            p = tokc.cstr->data;
+            n = strtoul(p, (char **)&p, 10);
+            if (*p != '\0')
+                expect("':'");
+            /* new local label */
+            asm_new_label(s1, asm_get_local_label_name(s1, n), 1);
+            next();
+            skip(':');
+            goto redo;
+        } else if (tok >= TOK_IDENT) {
+            /* instruction or label */
+            opcode = tok;
+            next();
+            if (tok == ':') {
+                /* new label */
+                asm_new_label(s1, opcode, 0);
+                next();
+                goto redo;
+            } else if (tok == '=') {
+                int n;
+                next();
+                n = asm_int_expr(s1);
+                asm_new_label1(s1, opcode, 0, SHN_ABS, n);
+                goto redo;
+            } else {
+                asm_opcode(s1, opcode);
+            }
+        }
+        /* end of line */
+        if (tok != ';' && tok != TOK_LINEFEED){
+            expect("end of line");
+        }
+        parse_flags &= ~PARSE_FLAG_LINEFEED; /* XXX: suppress that hack */
+        next();
+    }
+
+    asm_free_labels(s1);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Assemble the current file */
+ST_FUNC int tcc_assemble(TCCState *s1, int do_preprocess)
+{
+    Sym *define_start;
+    int ret;
+
+    preprocess_init(s1);
+
+    /* default section is text */
+    cur_text_section = text_section;
+    ind = cur_text_section->data_offset;
+
+    define_start = define_stack;
+
+    /* an elf symbol of type STT_FILE must be put so that STB_LOCAL
+       symbols can be safely used */
+    put_elf_sym(symtab_section, 0, 0,
+                ELFW(ST_INFO)(STB_LOCAL, STT_FILE), 0,
+                SHN_ABS, file->filename);
+
+    ret = tcc_assemble_internal(s1, do_preprocess);
+
+    cur_text_section->data_offset = ind;
+
+    free_defines(define_start); 
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/********************************************************************/
+/* GCC inline asm support */
+
+/* assemble the string 'str' in the current C compilation unit without
+   C preprocessing. NOTE: str is modified by modifying the '\0' at the
+   end */
+static void tcc_assemble_inline(TCCState *s1, char *str, int len)
+{
+    int saved_parse_flags;
+    const int *saved_macro_ptr;
+
+    saved_parse_flags = parse_flags;
+    saved_macro_ptr = macro_ptr;
+
+    tcc_open_bf(s1, ":asm:", len);
+    memcpy(file->buffer, str, len);
+
+    macro_ptr = NULL;
+    tcc_assemble_internal(s1, 0);
+    tcc_close();
+
+    parse_flags = saved_parse_flags;
+    macro_ptr = saved_macro_ptr;
+}
+
+/* find a constraint by its number or id (gcc 3 extended
+   syntax). return -1 if not found. Return in *pp in char after the
+   constraint */
+ST_FUNC int find_constraint(ASMOperand *operands, int nb_operands, 
+                           const char *name, const char **pp)
+{
+    int index;
+    TokenSym *ts;
+    const char *p;
+
+    if (isnum(*name)) {
+        index = 0;
+        while (isnum(*name)) {
+            index = (index * 10) + (*name) - '0';
+            name++;
+        }
+        if ((unsigned)index >= nb_operands)
+            index = -1;
+    } else if (*name == '[') {
+        name++;
+        p = strchr(name, ']');
+        if (p) {
+            ts = tok_alloc(name, p - name);
+            for(index = 0; index < nb_operands; index++) {
+                if (operands[index].id == ts->tok)
+                    goto found;
+            }
+            index = -1;
+        found:
+            name = p + 1;
+        } else {
+            index = -1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        index = -1;
+    }
+    if (pp)
+        *pp = name;
+    return index;
+}
+
+static void subst_asm_operands(ASMOperand *operands, int nb_operands, 
+                               int nb_outputs,
+                               CString *out_str, CString *in_str)
+{
+    int c, index, modifier;
+    const char *str;
+    ASMOperand *op;
+    SValue sv;
+
+    cstr_new(out_str);
+    str = in_str->data;
+    for(;;) {
+        c = *str++;
+        if (c == '%') {
+            if (*str == '%') {
+                str++;
+                goto add_char;
+            }
+            modifier = 0;
+            if (*str == 'c' || *str == 'n' ||
+                *str == 'b' || *str == 'w' || *str == 'h')
+                modifier = *str++;
+            index = find_constraint(operands, nb_operands, str, &str);
+            if (index < 0)
+                tcc_error("invalid operand reference after %%");
+            op = &operands[index];
+            sv = *op->vt;
+            if (op->reg >= 0) {
+                sv.r = op->reg;
+                if ((op->vt->r & VT_VALMASK) == VT_LLOCAL && op->is_memory)
+                    sv.r |= VT_LVAL;
+            }
+            subst_asm_operand(out_str, &sv, modifier);
+        } else {
+        add_char:
+            cstr_ccat(out_str, c);
+            if (c == '\0')
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void parse_asm_operands(ASMOperand *operands, int *nb_operands_ptr,
+                               int is_output)
+{
+    ASMOperand *op;
+    int nb_operands;
+
+    if (tok != ':') {
+        nb_operands = *nb_operands_ptr;
+        for(;;) {
+            if (nb_operands >= MAX_ASM_OPERANDS)
+                tcc_error("too many asm operands");
+            op = &operands[nb_operands++];
+            op->id = 0;
+            if (tok == '[') {
+                next();
+                if (tok < TOK_IDENT)
+                    expect("identifier");
+                op->id = tok;
+                next();
+                skip(']');
+            }
+            if (tok != TOK_STR)
+                expect("string constant");
+            op->constraint = tcc_malloc(tokc.cstr->size);
+            strcpy(op->constraint, tokc.cstr->data);
+            next();
+            skip('(');
+            gexpr();
+            if (is_output) {
+                test_lvalue();
+            } else {
+                /* we want to avoid LLOCAL case, except when the 'm'
+                   constraint is used. Note that it may come from
+                   register storage, so we need to convert (reg)
+                   case */
+                if ((vtop->r & VT_LVAL) &&
+                    ((vtop->r & VT_VALMASK) == VT_LLOCAL ||
+                     (vtop->r & VT_VALMASK) < VT_CONST) &&
+                    !strchr(op->constraint, 'm')) {
+                    gv(RC_INT);
+                }
+            }
+            op->vt = vtop;
+            skip(')');
+            if (tok == ',') {
+                next();
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        *nb_operands_ptr = nb_operands;
+    }
+}
+
+/* parse the GCC asm() instruction */
+ST_FUNC void asm_instr(void)
+{
+    CString astr, astr1;
+    ASMOperand operands[MAX_ASM_OPERANDS];
+    int nb_outputs, nb_operands, i, must_subst, out_reg;
+    uint8_t clobber_regs[NB_ASM_REGS];
+
+    next();
+    /* since we always generate the asm() instruction, we can ignore
+       volatile */
+    if (tok == TOK_VOLATILE1 || tok == TOK_VOLATILE2 || tok == TOK_VOLATILE3) {
+        next();
+    }
+    parse_asm_str(&astr);
+    nb_operands = 0;
+    nb_outputs = 0;
+    must_subst = 0;
+    memset(clobber_regs, 0, sizeof(clobber_regs));
+    if (tok == ':') {
+        next();
+        must_subst = 1;
+        /* output args */
+        parse_asm_operands(operands, &nb_operands, 1);
+        nb_outputs = nb_operands;
+        if (tok == ':') {
+            next();
+            if (tok != ')') {
+                /* input args */
+                parse_asm_operands(operands, &nb_operands, 0);
+                if (tok == ':') {
+                    /* clobber list */
+                    /* XXX: handle registers */
+                    next();
+                    for(;;) {
+                        if (tok != TOK_STR)
+                            expect("string constant");
+                        asm_clobber(clobber_regs, tokc.cstr->data);
+                        next();
+                        if (tok == ',') {
+                            next();
+                        } else {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    skip(')');
+    /* NOTE: we do not eat the ';' so that we can restore the current
+       token after the assembler parsing */
+    if (tok != ';')
+        expect("';'");
+    
+    /* save all values in the memory */
+    save_regs(0);
+
+    /* compute constraints */
+    asm_compute_constraints(operands, nb_operands, nb_outputs, 
+                            clobber_regs, &out_reg);
+
+    /* substitute the operands in the asm string. No substitution is
+       done if no operands (GCC behaviour) */
+#ifdef ASM_DEBUG
+    printf("asm: \"%s\"\n", (char *)astr.data);
+#endif
+    if (must_subst) {
+        subst_asm_operands(operands, nb_operands, nb_outputs, &astr1, &astr);
+        cstr_free(&astr);
+    } else {
+        astr1 = astr;
+    }
+#ifdef ASM_DEBUG
+    printf("subst_asm: \"%s\"\n", (char *)astr1.data);
+#endif
+
+    /* generate loads */
+    asm_gen_code(operands, nb_operands, nb_outputs, 0, 
+                 clobber_regs, out_reg);    
+
+    /* assemble the string with tcc internal assembler */
+    tcc_assemble_inline(tcc_state, astr1.data, astr1.size - 1);
+
+    /* restore the current C token */
+    next();
+
+    /* store the output values if needed */
+    asm_gen_code(operands, nb_operands, nb_outputs, 1, 
+                 clobber_regs, out_reg);
+    
+    /* free everything */
+    for(i=0;i<nb_operands;i++) {
+        ASMOperand *op;
+        op = &operands[i];
+        tcc_free(op->constraint);
+        vpop();
+    }
+    cstr_free(&astr1);
+}
+
+ST_FUNC void asm_global_instr(void)
+{
+    CString astr;
+
+    next();
+    parse_asm_str(&astr);
+    skip(')');
+    /* NOTE: we do not eat the ';' so that we can restore the current
+       token after the assembler parsing */
+    if (tok != ';')
+        expect("';'");
+    
+#ifdef ASM_DEBUG
+    printf("asm_global: \"%s\"\n", (char *)astr.data);
+#endif
+    cur_text_section = text_section;
+    ind = cur_text_section->data_offset;
+
+    /* assemble the string with tcc internal assembler */
+    tcc_assemble_inline(tcc_state, astr.data, astr.size - 1);
+    
+    cur_text_section->data_offset = ind;
+
+    /* restore the current C token */
+    next();
+
+    cstr_free(&astr);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TCC_ASM */