tbd 3.2.3 → 3.3.0

data/lib/measures/tbd/resources/geo.rb

@@ -22,31 +22,33 @@
 
 module TBD
   ##
-  # Check for matching Topolys vertex pairs between edges.
+  # Checks whether 2 edges share Topolys vertex pairs.
   #
-  # @param e1 [Hash] first edge
-  # @param e2 [Hash] second edge
-  # @param tol [Float] user-set tolerance (> TOL) in m
+  # @param [Hash] e1 first edge
+  # @param [Hash] e2 second edge
+  # @option e1 [Topolys::Point3D] :v0 origin vertex
+  # @option e1 [Topolys::Point3D] :v1 terminal vertex
+  # @param tol [Numeric] tolerance (OSut::TOL) in m
   #
-  # @return [Bool] true if edges share vertex pairs
-  # @return [Bool] false if invalid input
+  # @return [Bool] whether edges share vertex pairs
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
   def matches?(e1 = {}, e2 = {}, tol = TOL)
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
     cl  = Topolys::Point3D
     a   = false
+    return mismatch("e1", e1, Hash, mth, DBG, a)       unless e1.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("e2", e2, Hash, mth, DBG, a)       unless e2.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("e2", e2, Hash, mth, DBG, a)       unless e2.is_a?(Hash)
 
-    return mismatch("e1", e1, Hash, mth, DBG, a)        unless e1.is_a?(Hash)
-    return mismatch("e2", e2, Hash, mth, DBG, a)        unless e2.is_a?(Hash)
+    return hashkey("e1", e1, :v0, mth, DBG, a)         unless e1.key?(:v0)
+    return hashkey("e1", e1, :v1, mth, DBG, a)         unless e1.key?(:v1)
+    return hashkey("e2", e2, :v0, mth, DBG, a)         unless e2.key?(:v0)
+    return hashkey("e2", e2, :v1, mth, DBG, a)         unless e2.key?(:v1)
 
-    return hashkey("e1", e1, :v0, mth, DBG, a)          unless e1.key?(:v0)
-    return hashkey("e1", e1, :v1, mth, DBG, a)          unless e1.key?(:v1)
-    return hashkey("e2", e2, :v0, mth, DBG, a)          unless e2.key?(:v0)
-    return hashkey("e2", e2, :v1, mth, DBG, a)          unless e2.key?(:v1)
-
-    return mismatch("e1 :v0", e1[:v0], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e1[:v0].is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("e1 :v1", e1[:v1], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e1[:v1].is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("e2 :v0", e2[:v0], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e2[:v0].is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("e2 :v1", e2[:v1], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e2[:v1].is_a?(cl)
+    return mismatch("e1:v0", e1[:v0], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e1[:v0].is_a?(cl)
+    return mismatch("e1:v1", e1[:v1], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e1[:v1].is_a?(cl)
+    return mismatch("e2:v0", e2[:v0], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e2[:v0].is_a?(cl)
+    return mismatch("e2:v1", e2[:v1], cl, mth, DBG, a) unless e2[:v1].is_a?(cl)
 
     e1_vector = e1[:v1] - e1[:v0]
     e2_vector = e2[:v1] - e2[:v0]
@@ -54,8 +56,8 @@ module TBD
     return zero("e1", mth, DBG, a) if e1_vector.magnitude < TOL
     return zero("e2", mth, DBG, a) if e2_vector.magnitude < TOL
 
-    return mismatch("e1", e1, Hash, mth, DBG, a)       unless tol.is_a?(Numeric)
-    return zero("tol", mth, DBG, a)                        if tol < TOL
+    return mismatch("e1", e1, Hash, mth, DBG, a) unless tol.is_a?(Numeric)
+    return zero("tol", mth, DBG, a)                  if tol < TOL
 
     return true if
     (
@@ -85,25 +87,26 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Return Topolys vertices and a Topolys wire from Topolys points. As a side
-  # effect, it will - if successful - also populate the Topolys model with the
-  # vertices and wire.
+  # Returns Topolys vertices and a Topolys wire from Topolys points. If
+  # missing, it populates the Topolys model with the vertices and wire.
   #
   # @param model [Topolys::Model] a model
-  # @param pts [Array] a 1D array of 3D Topolys points (min 3x)
+  # @param pts [Array<Topolys::Point3D>] 3D points
   #
-  # @return [Hash] vx: 3D Topolys vertices Array; w: corresponding Topolys::Wire
-  # @return [Hash] vx: nil; w: nil (if invalid input)
+  # @return [Hash] vx: (Array<Topolys::Vertex>); w: (Topolys::Wire)
+  # @return [Hash] vx: nil, w: nil if invalid input (see logs)
   def objects(model = nil, pts = [])
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
-    cl  = Topolys::Model
+    cl1 = Topolys::Model
+    cl2 = Array
+    cl3 = Topolys::Point3D
     obj = { vx: nil, w: nil }
+    return mismatch("model", model, cl1, mth, DBG, obj) unless model.is_a?(cl1)
+    return mismatch("points",  pts, cl2, mth, DBG, obj) unless pts.is_a?(cl2)
 
-    return mismatch("model", model, cl, mth, DBG, obj)   unless model.is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("points", pts, Array, mth, DBG, obj) unless pts.is_a?(Array)
-
-    log(DBG, "#{pts.size}? need +3 Topolys points (#{mth})") unless pts.size > 2
-    return obj                                               unless pts.size > 2
+    pts.each do |pt|
+      return mismatch("point", pt, cl3, mth, DBG, obj) unless pt.is_a?(cl3)
+    end
 
     obj[:vx] = model.get_vertices(pts)
     obj[:w ] = model.get_wire(obj[:vx])
@@ -112,31 +115,36 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Populate collection of TBD hinged 'kids' (subsurfaces), relying on Topolys.
-  # As a side effect, it will - if successful - also populate a Topolys 'model'
-  # with Topolys vertices, wires, holes. In rare cases such as domes of tubular
-  # daylighting devices (TDDs), kids may be 'unhinged', i.e. not on same 3D
-  # plane as 'dad(s)' - TBD corrects such cases elsewhere.
+  # Adds a collection of TBD sub surfaces ('kids') to a Topolys model,
+  # including vertices, wires & holes. A sub surface is typically 'hinged',
+  # i.e. along the same 3D plane as its base surface (or 'dad'). In rare cases
+  # such as domes of tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), a sub surface may be
+  # 'unhinged'.
   #
   # @param model [Topolys::Model] a model
-  # @param boys [Hash] a collection of TBD subsurfaces
+  # @param [Hash] boys a collection of TBD subsurfaces
+  # @option boys [Array<Topolys::Point3D>] :points sub surface 3D points
+  # @option boys [Bool] :unhinged whether same 3D plane as base surface
+  # @option boys [OpenStudio::Vector3d] :n outward normal
   #
-  # @return [Array] 3D Topolys wires of 'holes' (made by kids)
+  # @return [Array<Topolys::Wire>] holes cut out by kids (see logs if empty)
   def kids(model = nil, boys = {})
-    mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
-    cl  = Topolys::Model
+    mth   = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
+    cl1   = Topolys::Model
+    cl2   = Hash
     holes = []
-
-    return mismatch("model", model, cl, mth, DBG, holes) unless model.is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("boys", boys, Hash, mth, DBG, holes) unless boys.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("model", model, cl1, mth, DBG, {}) unless model.is_a?(cl1)
+    return mismatch("boys",   boys, cl2, mth, DBG, {}) unless boys.is_a?(cl2)
 
     boys.each do |id, props|
       obj = objects(model, props[:points])
       next unless obj[:w]
+
       obj[:w].attributes[:id      ] = id
       obj[:w].attributes[:unhinged] = props[:unhinged] if props.key?(:unhinged)
-      obj[:w].attributes[:n       ] = props[:n]        if props.key?(:n)
-      props[:hole]                  = obj[:w]
+      obj[:w].attributes[:n       ] = props[:n       ] if props.key?(:n)
+
+      props[:hole] = obj[:w]
       holes << obj[:w]
     end
 
@@ -144,37 +152,49 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Populate hash of TBD 'dads' (parent) surfaces, relying on Topolys. As a side
-  # effect, it will - if successful - also populate the main Topolys model with
-  # Topolys vertices, wires, holes & faces.
+  # Adds a collection of bases surfaces ('dads') to a Topolys model, including
+  # vertices, wires, holes & faces. Also populates the model with sub surfaces
+  # ('kids').
   #
   # @param model [Topolys::Model] a model
-  # @param pops [Hash] a collection of TBD (parent) surfaces
+  # @param [Hash] pops base surfaces
+  # @option pops [OpenStudio::Point3dVector] :points base surface 3D points
+  # @option pops [Hash] :windows incorporated windows (see kids)
+  # @option pops [Hash] :doors incorporated doors (see kids)
+  # @option pops [Hash] :skylights incorporated skylights (see kids)
+  # @option pops [OpenStudio::Vector3D] :n outward normal
   #
-  # @return [Array] 3D Topolys wires of 'holes' (made by kids)
+  # @return [Hash] 3D Topolys wires of 'holes' (made by kids)
   def dads(model = nil, pops = {})
     mth   = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
-    cl    = Topolys::Model
+    cl1   = Topolys::Model
+    cl2   = Hash
     holes = {}
-
-    return mismatch("model", model, cl, mth, DBG, holes) unless model.is_a?(cl)
-    return mismatch("pops", pops, Hash, mth, DBG, holes) unless pops.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("model", model, cl2, mth, DBG, {}) unless model.is_a?(cl1)
+    return mismatch("pops",   pops, cl2, mth, DBG, {}) unless pops.is_a?(cl2)
 
     pops.each do |id, props|
       hols   = []
       hinged = []
       obj    = objects(model, props[:points])
       next unless obj[:vx] && obj[:w]
-      hols  += kids(model, props[:windows  ])          if props.key?(:windows  )
-      hols  += kids(model, props[:doors    ])          if props.key?(:doors    )
-      hols  += kids(model, props[:skylights])          if props.key?(:skylights)
+
+      hols += kids(model, props[:windows  ]) if props.key?(:windows)
+      hols += kids(model, props[:doors    ]) if props.key?(:doors)
+      hols += kids(model, props[:skylights]) if props.key?(:skylights)
+
       hols.each { |hol| hinged << hol unless hol.attributes[:unhinged] }
+
       face = model.get_face(obj[:w], hinged)
-      log(DBG, "Unable to retrieve valid 'dad' (#{mth})")            unless face
-      next                                                           unless face
+      msg  = "Unable to retrieve valid 'dad' (#{mth})"
+      log(DBG, msg) unless face
+      next          unless face
+
       face.attributes[:id] = id
-      face.attributes[:n]  = props[:n] if props.key?(:n)
-      props[:face]         = face
+      face.attributes[:n ] = props[:n] if props.key?(:n)
+
+      props[:face] = face
+
       hols.each { |hol| holes[hol.attributes[:id]] = hol }
     end
 
@@ -182,22 +202,27 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Populate TBD edges with linked Topolys faces.
+  # Populates TBD edges with linked Topolys faces.
   #
-  # @param s [Hash] a collection of TBD surfaces
-  # @param e [Hash] a collection TBD edges
+  # @param [Hash] s TBD surfaces
+  # @option s [Topolys::Face] :face a Topolys face
+  # @param [Hash] e TBD edges
+  # @option e [Numeric] :length edge length
+  # @option e [Topolys::Vertex] :v0 edge origin vertex
+  # @option e [Topolys::Vertex] :v1 edge terminal vertex
   #
-  # @return [Bool] true if successful
-  # @return [Bool] false if invalid input
+  # @return [Bool] whether successful in populating faces
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
   def faces(s = {}, e = {})
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
-
-    return mismatch("surfaces", s, Hash, mth, DBG, false)   unless s.is_a?(Hash)
-    return mismatch("edges", e, Hash, mth, DBG, false)      unless e.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("surfaces", s, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless s.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("edges",    e, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless e.is_a?(Hash)
 
     s.each do |id, props|
-      log(DBG, "Missing Topolys face '#{id}' (#{mth})") unless props.key?(:face)
-      next                                              unless props.key?(:face)
+      unless props.key?(:face)
+        log(DBG, "Missing Topolys face '#{id}' (#{mth})")
+        next
+      end
 
       props[:face].wires.each do |wire|
         wire.edges.each do |edge|
@@ -219,19 +244,18 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Return site-specific (or true) Topolys normal vector of OpenStudio surface.
+  # Returns site (or true) Topolys normal vector of OpenStudio surface.
   #
   # @param s [OpenStudio::Model::PlanarSurface] a planar surface
-  # @param r [Float] a group/site rotation angle [0,2PI) radians
+  # @param r [#to_f] a group/site rotation angle [0,2PI) radians
   #
-  # @return [Topolys::Vector3D] normal (Topolys) vector <x,y,z> of s
-  # @return [NilClass] if invalid input
+  # @return [Topolys::Vector3D] true normal vector of s
+  # @return [nil] if invalid input (see logs)
   def trueNormal(s = nil, r = 0)
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
     cl  = OpenStudio::Model::PlanarSurface
-
-    return mismatch("surface", s, cl, mth)           unless s.is_a?(cl)
-    return invalid("rotation angle", mth, 2)         unless r.respond_to?(:to_f)
+    return mismatch("surface", s, cl, mth)   unless s.is_a?(cl)
+    return invalid("rotation angle", mth, 2) unless r.respond_to?(:to_f)
 
     r = -r.to_f * Math::PI / 180.0
     vx = s.outwardNormal.x * Math.cos(r) - s.outwardNormal.y * Math.sin(r)
@@ -241,45 +265,46 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Fetch OpenStudio surface properties, including opening areas & vertices.
+  # Fetches OpenStudio surface properties, including opening areas & vertices.
   #
-  # @param model [OpenStudio::Model::Model] a model
   # @param surface [OpenStudio::Model::Surface] a surface
+  # @param [Hash] argh TBD arguments
+  # @option argh [Bool] :setpoints whether model holds thermal zone setpoints
   #
-  # @return [Hash] TBD surface with key attributes, including openings
-  # @return [NilClass] if invalid input
-  def properties(model = nil, surface = nil)
+  # @return [Hash] TBD surface with key attributes (see )
+  # @return [nil] if invalid input (see logs)
+  def properties(surface = nil, argh = {})
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
-    cl1 = OpenStudio::Model::Model
-    cl2 = OpenStudio::Model::Surface
-    cl3 = OpenStudio::Model::LayeredConstruction
-
-    return mismatch("model", model, cl1, mth)     unless model.is_a?(cl1)
-    return mismatch("surface", surface, cl2, mth) unless surface.is_a?(cl2)
-    return nil                                    unless surface_valid?(surface)
+    cl1 = OpenStudio::Model::Surface
+    cl2 = OpenStudio::Model::LayeredConstruction
+    cl3 = Hash
+    return mismatch("surface", surface, cl1, mth) unless surface.is_a?(cl1)
+    return mismatch("argh"   , argh   , cl3, mth) unless argh.is_a?(cl3)
 
     nom    = surface.nameString
     surf   = {}
     subs   = {}
     fd     = false
-    return   empty("'#{nom}' space", mth, ERR)           if surface.space.empty?
+    return invalid("#{nom}",     mth, 1, FTL) if poly(surface).empty?
+    return empty("#{nom} space", mth,    ERR) if surface.space.empty?
 
     space  = surface.space.get
     stype  = space.spaceType
     story  = space.buildingStory
-    tr     = transforms(model, space)
-    return   invalid("'#{nom}' transform", mth, 0, FTL)  unless tr[:t] && tr[:r]
+    tr     = transforms(space)
+    return   invalid("#{nom} transform", mth, 0, FTL) unless tr[:t] && tr[:r]
 
     t      = tr[:t]
     n      = trueNormal(surface, tr[:r])
-    return   invalid("'#{nom}' normal", mth, 0, FTL)     unless n
+    return   invalid("#{nom} normal", mth, 0, FTL) unless n
 
     type   = surface.surfaceType.downcase
     facing = surface.outsideBoundaryCondition
+    setpts = setpoints(space)
 
     if facing.downcase == "surface"
       empty = surface.adjacentSurface.empty?
-      return invalid("'#{nom}': adjacent surface", mth, 0, ERR) if empty
+      return invalid("#{nom}: adjacent surface", mth, 0, ERR) if empty
 
       facing = surface.adjacentSurface.get.nameString
     end
@@ -290,9 +315,9 @@ module TBD
       unless construction.empty?
         construction = construction.get
         lyr          = insulatingLayer(construction)
-        lyr[:index]  = nil         unless lyr[:index].is_a?(Numeric)
-        lyr[:index]  = nil         unless lyr[:index] >= 0
-        lyr[:index]  = nil         unless lyr[:index] < construction.layers.size
+        lyr[:index]  = nil unless lyr[:index].is_a?(Numeric)
+        lyr[:index]  = nil unless lyr[:index] >= 0
+        lyr[:index]  = nil unless lyr[:index] < construction.layers.size
 
         if lyr[:index]
           surf[:construction] = construction
@@ -306,52 +331,140 @@ module TBD
       end
     end
 
-    surf[:conditioned] = true
+    unless argh.key?(:setpoints)
+      heat = heatingTemperatureSetpoints?(model)
+      cool = coolingTemperatureSetpoints?(model)
+      argh[:setpoints] = heat || cool
+    end
+
+    if argh[:setpoints]
+      surf[:heating] = setpts[:heating] unless setpts[:heating].nil?
+      surf[:cooling] = setpts[:cooling] unless setpts[:cooling].nil?
+    else
+      surf[:heating] = 21.0
+      surf[:cooling] = 24.0
+    end
+
+    surf[:conditioned] = surf.key?(:heating) || surf.key?(:cooling)
     surf[:space      ] = space
     surf[:boundary   ] = facing
     surf[:ground     ] = surface.isGroundSurface
     surf[:type       ] = :floor
-    surf[:type       ] = :ceiling                    if type.include?("ceiling")
-    surf[:type       ] = :wall                       if type.include?("wall"   )
-    surf[:stype      ] = stype.get               unless stype.empty?
-    surf[:story      ] = story.get               unless story.empty?
+    surf[:type       ] = :ceiling      if type.include?("ceiling")
+    surf[:type       ] = :wall         if type.include?("wall"   )
+    surf[:stype      ] = stype.get unless stype.empty?
+    surf[:story      ] = story.get unless story.empty?
     surf[:n          ] = n
     surf[:gross      ] = surface.grossArea
     surf[:filmRSI    ] = surface.filmResistance
+    surf[:spandrel   ] = spandrel?(surface)
 
     surface.subSurfaces.sort_by { |s| s.nameString }.each do |s|
-      next unless surface_valid?(s)
-
-      id       = s.nameString
-      valid    = s.vertices.size == 3 || s.vertices.size == 4
-      log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': vertex # 3 or 4 (#{mth})")        unless valid
-      next                                                          unless valid
-      vec      = s.vertices
-      area     = s.grossArea
-      mult     = s.multiplier
-      typ      = s.subSurfaceType.downcase
-      type     = :skylight
-      type     = :window       if typ.include?("window" )
-      type     = :door         if typ.include?("door"   )
-      glazed   = type == :door && typ.include?("glass"  )
-      tubular  =                  typ.include?("tubular")
-      domed    =                  typ.include?("dome"   )
-      unhinged = false
-
-      # Determine if TDD dome subsurface is unhinged i.e. unconnected to parent.
+      next if poly(s).empty?
+
+      id  = s.nameString
+      typ = surface.surfaceType.downcase
+
+      unless (3..4).cover?(s.vertices.size)
+        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': vertex # 3 or 4 (#{mth})")
+        next
+      end
+
+      vec  = s.vertices
+      area = s.grossArea
+      mult = s.multiplier
+
+      # An OpenStudio subsurface has a "type" (string), either defaulted during
+      # initialization or explicitely set by the user (from a built-in list):
+      #
+      #   OpenStudio::Model::SubSurface.validSubSurfaceTypeValues
+      #   - "FixedWindow"
+      #   - "OperableWindow"
+      #   - "Door"
+      #   - "GlassDoor"
+      #   - "OverheadDoor"
+      #   - "Skylight"
+      #   - "TubularDaylightDome"
+      #   - "TubularDaylightDiffuser"
+      typ = s.subSurfaceType.downcase
+
+      # An OpenStudio default subsurface construction set can hold unique
+      # constructions assigned for each of these admissible types. In addition,
+      # type assignment determines whether frame/divider attributes can be
+      # linked to a subsurface (this shortlist has evolved between OpenStudio
+      # releases). Type assignment is relied upon when calculating (admissible)
+      # fenestration areas. TBD also relies on OpenStudio subsurface type
+      # assignment, with resulting TBD tags being a bit more concise, e.g.:
+      #
+      #   - :window includes "FixedWindow" and "OperableWindow"
+      #   - :door includes "Door", "OverheadWindow" and "GlassDoor"
+      #     ... a (roof) access roof hatch should be assigned as a "Door"
+      #   - :skylight includes "Skylight", "TubularDaylightDome", etc.
+      #
+      type = :skylight
+      type = :window if typ.include?("window") # operable or not
+      type = :door   if typ.include?("door")   # fenestrated or not
+
+      # In fact, ANY subsurface other than :window or :door is tagged as
+      # :skylight, e.g. a glazed floor opening (CN, Calgary, Tokyo towers). This
+      # happens to reflect OpenStudio default initialization behaviour. For
+      # instance, a subsurface added to an exposed (horizontal) floor in
+      # OpenStudio is automatically assigned a "Skylight" type. This is similar
+      # to the auto-assignment of (opaque) walls, roof/ceilings and floors
+      # (based on surface tilt) in OpenStudio.
+      #
+      # When it comes to major thermal bridging, ASHRAE 90.1 (2022) makes a
+      # clear distinction between "vertical fenestration" (a defined term) and
+      # all other subsurfaces. "Vertical fenestration" would include both
+      # instances of "Window", as well as "GlassDoor". It would exclude however
+      # a non-fenestrated "door" (another defined term), like "Door" &
+      # "OverheadDoor", as well as skylights. TBD tracks relevant subsurface
+      # attributes via a handful of boolean variables:
+      glazed   = type == :door && typ.include?("glass")   # fenestrated door
+      tubular  =                  typ.include?("tubular") # dome or diffuser
+      domed    =                  typ.include?("dome")    # (tubular) dome
+      unhinged = false                                    # (tubular) dome
+
+      # It would be tempting (and simple) to have TBD further validate whether a
+      # "GlassDoor" is actually integrated within a (vertical) wall. The
+      # automated type assignment in OpenStudio is very simple and reliable (as
+      # discussed in the preceding paragraphs), yet users can nonetheless reset
+      # this explicitly. For instance, while a vertical surface may indeed be
+      # auto-assigned "Wall", a modeller can just as easily reset its type as
+      # "Floor". Although OpenStudio supports 90.1 rules by default, it's not
+      # enforced. TBD retains the same approach: for whatever osbcur reason a
+      # modeller may decide (and hopefully the "authority having jurisdiction"
+      # may authorize) to reset a wall as a "Floor" or a roof skylight as a
+      # "GlassDoor", TBD maintains the same OpenStudio policy. Either OpenStudio
+      # (and consequently EnergyPlus) sub/surface type assignment is reliable,
+      # or it is not.
+
+      # Determine if TDD dome subsurface is 'unhinged', i.e. unconnected to its
+      # base surface (not same 3D plane).
       if domed
-        unhinged = true                      unless s.plane.equal(surface.plane)
-        n        = s.outwardNormal               if unhinged
+        unhinged = true unless s.plane.equal(surface.plane)
+        n = s.outwardNormal if unhinged
+      end
+
+      if area < TOL
+        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': gross area ~zero (#{mth})")
+        next
       end
 
-      log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': gross area ~zero (#{mth})")      if area < TOL
-      next                                                         if area < TOL
       c = s.construction
-      log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': missing construction (#{mth})")    if c.empty?
-      next                                                           if c.empty?
+
+      if c.empty?
+        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': missing construction (#{mth})")
+        next
+      end
+
       c = c.get.to_LayeredConstruction
-      log(WRN, "Skipping '#{id}': subs limited to #{cl3} (#{mth})")  if c.empty?
-      next                                                           if c.empty?
+
+      if c.empty?
+        log(WRN, "Skipping '#{id}': subs limited to #{cl2} (#{mth})")
+        next
+      end
+
       c = c.get
 
       # A subsurface may have an overall U-factor set by the user - a less
@@ -364,7 +477,7 @@ module TBD
       #   window-calculation-module.html#simple-window-model
       #
       # TBD will instead rely on Tubular Daylighting Device (TDD) effective
-      # dome-to-diffuser RSi values (if valid).
+      # dome-to-diffuser RSi-factors (if valid).
       #
       #   https://bigladdersoftware.com/epx/docs/9-6/engineering-reference/
       #   daylighting-devices.html#tubular-daylighting-devices
@@ -379,12 +492,12 @@ module TBD
       # resistances). This is the least reliable option, especially if
       # subsurfaces have Frame & Divider objects, or irregular geometry.
       u = s.uFactor
-      u = u.get                                                  unless u.empty?
+      u = u.get unless u.empty?
 
-      if tubular & s.respond_to?(:daylightingDeviceTubular)       # OSM > v3.3.0
+      if tubular & s.respond_to?(:daylightingDeviceTubular) # OSM > v3.3.0
         unless s.daylightingDeviceTubular.empty?
           r = s.daylightingDeviceTubular.get.effectiveThermalResistance
-          u = 1 / r                                                   if r > TOL
+          u = 1 / r if r > TOL
         end
       end
 
@@ -394,8 +507,12 @@ module TBD
 
       unless u.is_a?(Numeric)
         r = rsi(c, surface.filmResistance)
-        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': U-factor unavailable (#{mth})")   if r < TOL
-        next                                                          if r < TOL
+
+        if r < TOL
+          log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': U-factor unavailable (#{mth})")
+          next
+        end
+
         u = 1 / r
       end
 
@@ -407,8 +524,12 @@ module TBD
         width = s.windowPropertyFrameAndDivider.get.frameWidth
         vec   = offset(vec, width, 300)
         area  = OpenStudio.getArea(vec)
-        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': invalid offset (#{mth})") if area.empty?
-        next                                                  if area.empty?
+
+        if area.empty?
+          log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': invalid offset (#{mth})")
+          next
+        end
+
         area = area.get
       end
 
@@ -423,7 +544,7 @@ module TBD
               unhinged: unhinged }
 
       sub[:glazed] = true if glazed
-      subs[id]     = sub
+      subs[id    ] = sub
     end
 
     valid = true
@@ -433,24 +554,27 @@ module TBD
     # also inadvertently catch pre-existing (yet nonetheless invalid)
     # OpenStudio inputs (without Frame & Dividers).
     subs.each do |id, sub|
-      break                                                         unless fd
-      break                                                         unless valid
-      valid = fits?(sub[:points], surface.vertices, id, nom)
-      log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': can't fit in '#{nom}' (#{mth})")  unless valid
+      break unless fd
+      break unless valid
+
+      valid = fits?(sub[:points], surface.vertices)
+      log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': can't fit in '#{nom}' (#{mth})") unless valid
 
       subs.each do |i, sb|
-        break                                                       unless valid
-        next                                                          if i == id
-        oops = overlaps?(sb[:points], sub[:points], id, nom)
-        log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': overlaps sibling '#{i}' (#{mth})")   if oops
-        valid = false                                                    if oops
+        break unless valid
+        next      if i == id
+
+        if overlaps?(sb[:points], sub[:points])
+          log(ERR, "Skipping '#{id}': overlaps sibling '#{i}' (#{mth})")
+          valid = false
+        end
       end
     end
 
     if fd
-      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:gross ] = sub[:area ] }             if valid
-      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:points] = sub[:v    ] }         unless valid
-      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:area  ] = sub[:gross] }         unless valid
+      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:gross ] = sub[:area ] }     if valid
+      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:points] = sub[:v    ] } unless valid
+      subs.values.each { |sub| sub[:area  ] = sub[:gross] } unless valid
     end
 
     subarea = 0
@@ -461,21 +585,22 @@ module TBD
 
     # Tranform final Point 3D sets, and store.
     pts = (t * surface.vertices).map { |v| Topolys::Point3D.new(v.x, v.y, v.z) }
+
     surf[:points] = pts
     surf[:minz  ] = ( pts.map { |pt| pt.z } ).min
 
     subs.each do |id, sub|
       pts = (t * sub[:points]).map { |v| Topolys::Point3D.new(v.x, v.y, v.z) }
+
       sub[:points] = pts
       sub[:minz  ] = ( pts.map { |p| p.z } ).min
 
       [:windows, :doors, :skylights].each do |types|
         type = types.slice(0..-2).to_sym
+        next unless sub[:type] == type
 
-        if sub[:type] == type
-          surf[types]     = {}                           unless surf.key?(types)
-          surf[types][id] = sub
-        end
+        surf[types]     = {} unless surf.key?(types)
+        surf[types][id] = sub
       end
     end
 
@@ -483,33 +608,37 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Validate whether edge surfaces form a concave angle, as seen from outside.
+  # Validates whether edge surfaces form a concave angle, as seen from outside.
   #
-  # @param s1 [Surface] first TBD surface
-  # @param s2 [Surface] second TBD surface
+  # @param [Hash] s1 first TBD surface
+  # @param [Hash] s2 second TBD surface
+  # @option s1 [Topolys::Vector3D] :normal surface normal vector
+  # @option s1 [Topolys::Vector3D] :polar vector around edge
+  # @option s1 [Numeric] :angle polar angle vs reference (e.g. North, Zenith)
   #
   # @return [Bool] true if angle between surfaces is concave
-  # @return [Bool] false if invalid input
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
   def concave?(s1 = nil, s2 = nil)
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
+    return mismatch("s1", s1, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("s2", s2, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.is_a?(Hash)
+    return false if s1 == s2
+
+    return hashkey("s1", s1,  :angle, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:angle)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2,  :angle, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:angle)
+    return hashkey("s1", s1, :normal, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:normal)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2, :normal, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:normal)
+    return hashkey("s1", s1,  :polar, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:polar)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2,  :polar, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:polar)
 
-    return mismatch("s1", s1, Hash, mth, DBG, false)     unless s1.is_a?(Hash)
-    return mismatch("s2", s2, Hash, mth, DBG, false)     unless s2.is_a?(Hash)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :angle, mth, DBG, false)    unless s1.key?(:angle)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :angle, mth, DBG, false)    unless s2.key?(:angle)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :normal, mth, DBG, false)   unless s1.key?(:normal)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :normal, mth, DBG, false)   unless s2.key?(:normal)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :polar, mth, DBG, false)    unless s1.key?(:polar)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :polar, mth, DBG, false)    unless s2.key?(:polar)
     valid1 = s1[:angle].is_a?(Numeric)
     valid2 = s2[:angle].is_a?(Numeric)
-    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false)   unless valid1
-    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false)   unless valid2
+    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false) unless valid1
+    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false) unless valid2
 
     angle = 0
     angle = s2[:angle] - s1[:angle] if s2[:angle] > s1[:angle]
     angle = s1[:angle] - s2[:angle] if s1[:angle] > s2[:angle]
-
     return false if angle < TOL
     return false unless (2 * Math::PI - angle).abs > TOL
     return false if angle > 3 * Math::PI / 4 && angle < 5 * Math::PI / 4
@@ -522,33 +651,37 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Validate whether edge surfaces form a convex angle, as seen from outside.
+  # Validates whether edge surfaces form a convex angle, as seen from outside.
   #
-  # @param s1 [Surface] first TBD surface
-  # @param s2 [Surface] second TBD surface
+  # @param [Hash] s1 first TBD surface
+  # @param [Hash] s2 second TBD surface
+  # @option s1 [Topolys::Vector3D] :normal surface normal vector
+  # @option s1 [Topolys::Vector3D] :polar vector around edge
+  # @option s1 [Numeric] :angle polar angle vs reference (e.g. North, Zenith)
   #
   # @return [Bool] true if angle between surfaces is convex
-  # @return [Bool] false if invalid input
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
   def convex?(s1 = nil, s2 = nil)
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
+    return mismatch("s1", s1, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.is_a?(Hash)
+    return mismatch("s2", s2, Hash, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.is_a?(Hash)
+    return false if s1 == s2
+
+    return hashkey("s1", s1,  :angle, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:angle)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2,  :angle, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:angle)
+    return hashkey("s1", s1, :normal, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:normal)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2, :normal, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:normal)
+    return hashkey("s1", s1,  :polar, mth, DBG, false) unless s1.key?(:polar)
+    return hashkey("s2", s2,  :polar, mth, DBG, false) unless s2.key?(:polar)
 
-    return mismatch("s1", s1, Hash, mth, DBG, false)     unless s1.is_a?(Hash)
-    return mismatch("s2", s2, Hash, mth, DBG, false)     unless s2.is_a?(Hash)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :angle, mth, DBG, false)    unless s1.key?(:angle)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :angle, mth, DBG, false)    unless s2.key?(:angle)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :normal, mth, DBG, false)   unless s1.key?(:normal)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :normal, mth, DBG, false)   unless s2.key?(:normal)
-    return hashkey("s1", s1, :polar, mth, DBG, false)    unless s1.key?(:polar)
-    return hashkey("s2", s2, :polar, mth, DBG, false)    unless s2.key?(:polar)
     valid1 = s1[:angle].is_a?(Numeric)
     valid2 = s2[:angle].is_a?(Numeric)
-    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false)   unless valid1
-    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false)   unless valid2
+    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false) unless valid1
+    return mismatch("s1 angle", s1[:angle], Numeric, DBG, false) unless valid2
 
     angle = 0
     angle = s2[:angle] - s1[:angle] if s2[:angle] > s1[:angle]
     angle = s1[:angle] - s2[:angle] if s1[:angle] > s2[:angle]
-
     return false if angle < TOL
     return false unless (2 * Math::PI - angle).abs > TOL
     return false if angle > 3 * Math::PI / 4 && angle < 5 * Math::PI / 4
@@ -561,7 +694,64 @@ module TBD
   end
 
   ##
-  # Generate Kiva settings and objects if model surfaces have 'foundation'
+  # Purge existing KIVA-related objects in an OpenStudio model. Resets ground-
+  # facing surface outside boundary condition to "Ground" or "Foundation".
+  #
+  # @param model [OpenStudio::Model::Model] a model
+  # @param boundary ["Ground", "Foundation"] new outside boundary condition
+  #
+  # @return [Bool] true if model is free of KIVA-related objects
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
+  def resetKIVA(model = nil, boundary = "Foundation")
+    mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
+    cl  = OpenStudio::Model::Model
+    ck1 = model.is_a?(cl)
+    ck2 = boundary.respond_to?(:to_s)
+    kva = false
+    b   = ["Ground", "Foundation"]
+    return mismatch("model"   , model   , cl    , mth, DBG, kva) unless ck1
+    return mismatch("boundary", boundary, String, mth, DBG, kva) unless ck2
+
+    boundary.capitalize!
+    return invalid("boundary", mth, 2, DBG, kva) unless b.include?(boundary)
+
+    # Reset surface KIVA-related objects.
+    model.getSurfaces.each do |surface|
+      kva = true unless surface.adjacentFoundation.empty?
+      kva = true unless surface.surfacePropertyExposedFoundationPerimeter.empty?
+      surface.resetAdjacentFoundation
+      surface.resetSurfacePropertyExposedFoundationPerimeter
+      next unless surface.isGroundSurface
+      next     if surface.outsideBoundaryCondition.capitalize == boundary
+
+      lc = surface.construction.empty? ? nil : surface.construction.get
+      surface.setOutsideBoundaryCondition(boundary)
+      next if boundary == "Ground"
+      next if lc.nil?
+
+      surface.setConstruction(lc) if surface.construction.empty?
+    end
+
+    perimeters = model.getSurfacePropertyExposedFoundationPerimeters
+
+    kva = true unless perimeters.empty?
+
+    # Remove KIVA exposed perimeters.
+    perimeters.each { |perimeter| perimeter.remove }
+
+    # Remove KIVA custom blocks, & foundations.
+    model.getFoundationKivas.each do |kiva|
+      kiva.removeAllCustomBlocks
+      kiva.remove
+    end
+
+    log(INF, "Purged KIVA objects from model (#{mth})") if kva
+
+    true
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Generates Kiva settings and objects if model surfaces have 'foundation'
   # boundary conditions.
   #
   # @param model [OpenStudio::Model::Model] a model
@@ -570,19 +760,28 @@ module TBD
   # @param edges [Hash] TBD edges (many linking floors & walls
   #
   # @return [Bool] true if Kiva foundations are successfully generated
-  # @return [Bool] false if invalid input
+  # @return [false] if invalid input (see logs)
   def kiva(model = nil, walls = {}, floors = {}, edges = {})
     mth = "TBD::#{__callee__}"
     cl1 = OpenStudio::Model::Model
     cl2 = Hash
     a   = false
-
-    return mismatch("model", model, cl1, mth, DBG, a)   unless model.is_a?(cl1)
-    return mismatch("walls", walls, cl2, mth, DBG, a)   unless walls.is_a?(cl2)
+    return mismatch("model" ,  model, cl1, mth, DBG, a) unless model.is_a?(cl1)
+    return mismatch("walls" ,  walls, cl2, mth, DBG, a) unless walls.is_a?(cl2)
     return mismatch("floors", floors, cl2, mth, DBG, a) unless floors.is_a?(cl2)
-    return mismatch("edges", edges, cl2, mth, DBG, a)   unless edges.is_a?(cl2)
-
-    kva = true
+    return mismatch("edges" ,  edges, cl2, mth, DBG, a) unless edges.is_a?(cl2)
+
+    # Check for existing KIVA objects.
+    kva = false
+    kva = true unless model.getSurfacePropertyExposedFoundationPerimeters.empty?
+    kva = true unless model.getFoundationKivas.empty?
+
+    if kva
+      log(ERR, "Exiting - KIVA objects in model (#{mth})")
+      return a
+    else
+      kva = true
+    end
 
     # Pre-validate foundation-facing constructions.
     model.getSurfaces.each do |s|
@@ -591,20 +790,20 @@ module TBD
       next unless s.outsideBoundaryCondition.downcase == "foundation"
 
       if construction.empty?
-        log(ERR, "Invalid construction for KIVA (see #{id})")
-        kva = false if kva
+        log(ERR, "Invalid construction for #{id} (#{mth})")
+        kva = false
       else
         construction = construction.get.to_LayeredConstruction
 
         if construction.empty?
-          log(ERR, "KIVA requires layered constructions (see #{id})")
-          kva = false if kva
+          log(ERR, "Invalid layered constructions for #{id} (#{mth})")
+          kva = false
         else
           construction = construction.get
 
           unless standardOpaqueLayers?(construction)
-            log(ERR, "KIVA requires standard materials (see #{id})")
-            kva = false if kva
+            log(ERR, "Non-standard materials for #{id} (#{mth})")
+            kva = false
           end
         end
       end
@@ -613,12 +812,12 @@ module TBD
     return a unless kva
 
     # Strictly relying on Kiva's total exposed perimeter approach.
-    arg = "TotalExposedPerimeter"
+    arg  = "TotalExposedPerimeter"
     kiva = true
     # The following is loosely adapted from:
     #
-    #   github.com/NREL/OpenStudio-resources/blob/develop/model/simulationtests/
-    #   foundation_kiva.rb ... thanks.
+    #   github.com/NREL/OpenStudio-resources/blob/develop/model/
+    #   simulationtests/foundation_kiva.rb ... thanks.
     #
     # Access to KIVA settings. This is usually not required (the default KIVA
     # settings are fine), but its explicit inclusion in the model does offer
@@ -626,6 +825,7 @@ module TBD
     # required. Initial tests show slight differences in simulation results
     # w/w/o explcit inclusion of the KIVA settings template in the model.
     settings = model.getFoundationKivaSettings
+
     k = settings.soilConductivity
     settings.setSoilConductivity(k)
 
@@ -635,36 +835,43 @@ module TBD
         next unless floors.key?(id)
         next unless floors[id][:boundary].downcase == "foundation"
         next     if floors[id].key?(:kiva)
-        floors[id][:kiva   ] = :slab                  # initially slabs-on-grade
-        floors[id][:exposed] = 0.0 # slab-on-grade or basement walkout perimeter
 
-        edge[:surfaces].keys.each do |i|              # loop around current edge
+        floors[id][:kiva   ] = :slab # initially slabs-on-grade
+        floors[id][:exposed] = 0.0   # slab-on-grade or walkout perimeter
+
+        # Loop around current edge.
+        edge[:surfaces].keys.each do |i|
           next     if i == id
           next unless walls.key?(i)
           next unless walls[i][:boundary].downcase == "foundation"
           next     if walls[i].key?(:kiva)
+
           floors[id][:kiva] = :basement
           walls[i  ][:kiva] = id
         end
 
-        edge[:surfaces].keys.each do |i|              # loop around current edge
+        # Loop around current edge.
+        edge[:surfaces].keys.each do |i|
           next     if i == id
           next unless walls.key?(i)
           next unless walls[i][:boundary].downcase == "outdoors"
+
           floors[id][:exposed] += edge[:length]
         end
 
-        edges.each do |code2, e|                 # loop around other floor edges
-          next if code1 == code2                             #  skip - same edge
+        # Loop around other floor edges.
+        edges.each do |code2, e|
+          next if code1 == code2 #  skip - same edge
 
           e[:surfaces].keys.each do |i|
-            next unless i == id                              # good - same floor
+            next unless i == id # good - same floor
 
             e[:surfaces].keys.each do |ii|
               next     if i == ii
               next unless walls.key?(ii)
               next unless walls[ii][:boundary].downcase == "foundation"
               next     if walls[ii].key?(:kiva)
+
               floors[id][:kiva] = :basement
               walls[ii ][:kiva] = id
             end
@@ -673,6 +880,7 @@ module TBD
               next    if i == ii
               next unless walls.key?(ii)
               next unless walls[ii][:boundary].downcase == "outdoors"
+
               floors[id][:exposed] += e[:length]
             end
           end
@@ -680,32 +888,34 @@ module TBD
 
         foundation = OpenStudio::Model::FoundationKiva.new(model)
         foundation.setName("KIVA Foundation Floor #{id}")
-
         floor = model.getSurfaceByName(id)
         kiva  = false if floor.empty?
         next          if floor.empty?
+
         floor          = floor.get
         construction   = floor.construction
         kiva = false  if construction.empty?
         next          if construction.empty?
+
         construction   = construction.get
         floor.setAdjacentFoundation(foundation)
         floor.setConstruction(construction)
-
         ep   = floors[id][:exposed]
         per  = floor.createSurfacePropertyExposedFoundationPerimeter(arg, ep)
-        kiva = false if per.empty?
-        next         if per.empty?
-        per           = per.get
-        perimeter     = per.totalExposedPerimeter
-        kiva = false if perimeter.empty?
-        next         if perimeter.empty?
-        perimeter     = perimeter.get
+        kiva = false  if per.empty?
+        next          if per.empty?
+
+        per            = per.get
+        perimeter      = per.totalExposedPerimeter
+        kiva = false  if perimeter.empty?
+        next          if perimeter.empty?
+
+        perimeter      = perimeter.get
 
         if ep < 0.001
           ok   = per.setTotalExposedPerimeter(0.000)
           ok   = per.setTotalExposedPerimeter(0.001) unless ok
-          kiva = false unless ok
+          kiva = false                               unless ok
         elsif (perimeter - ep).abs < TOL
           xps25 = model.getStandardOpaqueMaterialByName("XPS 25mm")
 
@@ -733,16 +943,20 @@ module TBD
 
     walls.each do |i, wall|
       next unless wall.key?(:kiva)
-      id        = walls[i][:kiva]
+
+      id = walls[i][:kiva]
       next unless floors.key?(id)
       next unless floors[id].key?(:foundation)
-      mur           = model.getSurfaceByName(i)         # locate OpenStudio wall
+
+      mur = model.getSurfaceByName(i) # locate OpenStudio wall
       kiva = false if mur.empty?
       next         if mur.empty?
+
       mur           = mur.get
       construction  = mur.construction
       kiva = false if construction.empty?
       next         if construction.empty?
+
       construction  = construction.get
       mur.setAdjacentFoundation(floors[id][:foundation])
       mur.setConstruction(construction)