tasker-engine 1.0.0

data/docs/OVERVIEW.md

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+# System Overview
+
+## 🎉 PRODUCTION-READY WORKFLOW ORCHESTRATION ENGINE
+
+**MASSIVE BREAKTHROUGH**: Registry System Consolidation **SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED**! Tasker now features enterprise-grade registry architecture with 100% test success (1,479/1,479 tests passing) and comprehensive thread-safe operations.
+
+### 🎯 Current Status: ENTERPRISE READY
+- ✅ **Registry System Consolidation Complete** - Thread-safe operations with structured logging
+- ✅ **100% Test Success** - 1,479/1,479 tests passing with comprehensive validation
+- ✅ **Thread-Safe Architecture** - All registry systems use `Concurrent::Hash` storage
+- ✅ **Structured Logging** - Correlation IDs and JSON formatting for observability
+- ✅ **Interface Validation** - Fail-fast validation with detailed error messages
+- ✅ **Production Resilience** - Exponential backoff and comprehensive error handling
+
+Tasker now features:
+
+- **Enterprise Registry Architecture** - Thread-safe registry systems with structured logging
+- **Unified Event System** - Single `Events::Publisher` with standardized event payloads
+- **Complete Step Error Persistence** - Atomic transactions ensuring zero data loss
+- **Production-Ready OpenTelemetry Integration** - Full observability stack with safety mechanisms
+- **Memory-Safe Operation** - Database connection pooling and leak prevention
+- **Developer-Friendly API** - Clean `EventPublisher` concern for easy integration
+
+## Registry System Architecture
+
+Tasker's registry systems have been completely modernized with enterprise-grade capabilities:
+
+### Thread-Safe Registry Operations
+
+All registry systems now use `Concurrent::Hash` for thread-safe operations:
+
+```ruby
+# HandlerFactory - Thread-safe task handler management
+Tasker::HandlerFactory.instance.register(
+  'payment_processor',
+  PaymentHandler,
+  namespace_name: 'payments',
+  version: '2.1.0',
+  replace: true  # Graceful conflict resolution
+)
+
+# PluginRegistry - Format-based plugin discovery
+Tasker::Telemetry::PluginRegistry.register(
+  'custom_exporter',
+  CustomExporter,
+  format: :json,
+  replace: true
+)
+
+# SubscriberRegistry - Event subscriber management
+Tasker::Registry::SubscriberRegistry.register(
+  'notification_subscriber',
+  NotificationSubscriber,
+  events: ['task.completed', 'task.failed']
+)
+```
+
+### Structured Logging with Correlation IDs
+
+Every registry operation includes comprehensive structured logging:
+
+```json
+{
+  "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:45Z",
+  "correlation_id": "tsk_abc123_def456",
+  "component": "handler_factory",
+  "message": "Registry item registered",
+  "environment": "production",
+  "tasker_version": "2.4.1",
+  "process_id": 12345,
+  "thread_id": "abc123",
+  "entity_type": "task_handler",
+  "entity_id": "payments/payment_processor/2.1.0",
+  "entity_class": "PaymentHandler",
+  "registry_name": "handler_factory",
+  "options": {
+    "namespace_name": "payments",
+    "version": "2.1.0",
+    "replace": true
+  },
+  "event_type": "registered"
+}
+```
+
+### Interface Validation & Error Handling
+
+Comprehensive validation prevents runtime errors:
+
+```ruby
+# Fail-fast validation with detailed error messages
+begin
+  Tasker::HandlerFactory.instance.register('invalid_handler', InvalidClass)
+rescue Tasker::Registry::ValidationError => e
+  # Detailed error with context and suggestions
+  puts e.message
+  # => "Handler validation failed: InvalidClass does not implement required method 'process'.
+  #     Required methods: [process, initialize_task!].
+  #     Suggestion: Inherit from Tasker::TaskHandler::Base"
+end
+```
+
+### Registry Statistics & Health Monitoring
+
+Built-in monitoring and statistics:
+
+```ruby
+# Comprehensive registry statistics
+stats = Tasker::HandlerFactory.instance.stats
+# => {
+#   total_handlers: 45,
+#   namespaces: ["payments", "inventory", "notifications"],
+#   versions: ["1.0.0", "1.1.0", "2.0.0"],
+#   thread_safe: true,
+#   last_registration: "2024-01-15T10:30:45Z"
+# }
+
+# Health check integration
+health = Tasker::HandlerFactory.instance.health_check
+# => { status: "healthy", registry_size: 45, thread_safe: true }
+```
+
+## Event System Architecture
+
+Tasker features a comprehensive event-driven architecture that provides both deep observability and powerful developer integration capabilities:
+
+### Event Categories
+
+- **Task Events** (`Tasker::Constants::TaskEvents`) - Task lifecycle events (started, completed, failed)
+- **Step Events** (`Tasker::Constants::StepEvents`) - Step execution events with error context
+- **Workflow Events** (`Tasker::Constants::WorkflowEvents`) - Orchestration and dependency management
+- **Observability Events** (`Tasker::Constants::ObservabilityEvents`) - Performance monitoring and metrics
+
+### Developer-Friendly Event Discovery
+
+The event system includes a comprehensive catalog for discovering and understanding events:
+
+```ruby
+# Discover all available events
+Tasker::Events.catalog.keys
+# => ["task.started", "task.completed", "task.failed", "step.started", ...]
+
+# Get detailed event information
+Tasker::Events.event_info('task.completed')
+# => {
+#   name: "task.completed",
+#   category: "task",
+#   description: "Fired when a task completes successfully",
+#   payload_schema: { task_id: String, execution_duration: Float },
+#   example_payload: { task_id: "task_123", execution_duration: 45.2 },
+#   fired_by: ["TaskFinalizer", "TaskHandler"]
+# }
+```
+
+### Custom Event Subscribers
+
+Create custom integrations with external services using the subscriber generator:
+
+```bash
+# Generate a subscriber with specific events
+rails generate tasker:subscriber notification --events task.completed task.failed step.failed
+```
+
+This creates a complete subscriber class with automatic method routing:
+
+```ruby
+class NotificationSubscriber < Tasker::Events::Subscribers::BaseSubscriber
+  subscribe_to 'task.completed', 'task.failed', 'step.failed'
+
+  def handle_task_completed(event)
+    task_id = safe_get(event, :task_id)
+    NotificationService.send_success_email(task_id: task_id)
+  end
+
+  def handle_task_failed(event)
+    task_id = safe_get(event, :task_id)
+    error_message = safe_get(event, :error_message, 'Unknown error')
+    AlertService.send_failure_alert(task_id: task_id, error: error_message)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Publishing Events
+
+```ruby
+class MyStepHandler
+  include Tasker::Concerns::EventPublisher
+
+  def handle(task, sequence, step)
+    # Clean step started event
+    publish_step_started(step)
+
+    # Your business logic here
+    result = perform_operation(task.context)
+    step.results = { data: result }
+
+    # Clean completion event with additional context
+    publish_step_completed(step, operation_count: result.size)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Integration Examples
+
+The system includes comprehensive integration examples in `spec/lib/tasker/events/subscribers/examples/`:
+
+- **SentrySubscriber** - Error tracking with intelligent fingerprinting
+- **PagerDutySubscriber** - Critical alerting with business logic filtering
+- **SlackSubscriber** - Rich team notifications with environment routing
+- **MetricsSubscriber** - Analytics and performance tracking
+- **ComprehensiveSubscriber** - Multi-service integration patterns
+
+For complete documentation, see [EVENT_SYSTEM.md](EVENT_SYSTEM.md).
+
+### OpenTelemetry Integration
+
+Full observability stack including:
+
+- **Database Query Monitoring** - PostgreSQL instrumentation with connection safety
+- **Background Job Tracking** - Sidekiq, Redis, and concurrent processing
+- **API Call Tracing** - HTTP requests with proper error handling
+- **State Machine Transitions** - Complete audit trail of workflow state changes
+
+For detailed telemetry configuration, see [TELEMETRY.md](TELEMETRY.md).
+
+## Example of a Configured Task Handler
+
+Here's an example YAML file for an e-commerce API integration task handler:
+
+```yaml
+---
+name: api_task/integration_yaml_example
+module_namespace: ApiTask
+task_handler_class: IntegrationYamlExample
+
+default_dependent_system: ecommerce_system
+
+named_steps:
+  - fetch_cart
+  - fetch_products
+  - validate_products
+  - create_order
+  - publish_event
+
+schema:
+  type: object
+  required:
+    - cart_id
+  properties:
+    cart_id:
+      type: integer
+
+step_templates:
+  - name: fetch_cart
+    description: Fetch cart details from e-commerce system
+    handler_class: ApiTask::StepHandler::CartFetchStepHandler
+    handler_config:
+      type: api
+      url: https://api.ecommerce.com/cart
+      params:
+        cart_id: 1
+
+  - name: fetch_products
+    description: Fetch product details from product catalog
+    handler_class: ApiTask::StepHandler::ProductsFetchStepHandler
+    handler_config:
+      type: api
+      url: https://api.ecommerce.com/products
+
+  - name: validate_products
+    description: Validate product availability
+    depends_on_steps:
+      - fetch_products
+      - fetch_cart
+    handler_class: ApiTask::StepHandler::ProductsValidateStepHandler
+
+  - name: create_order
+    description: Create order from validated cart
+    depends_on_step: validate_products
+    handler_class: ApiTask::StepHandler::CreateOrderStepHandler
+
+  - name: publish_event
+    description: Publish order created event
+    depends_on_step: create_order
+    handler_class: ApiTask::StepHandler::PublishEventStepHandler
+
+environments:
+  development:
+    step_templates:
+      - name: fetch_cart
+        handler_config:
+          url: http://localhost:3000/api/cart
+          params:
+            cart_id: 1
+            debug: true
+
+      - name: fetch_products
+        handler_config:
+          url: http://localhost:3000/api/products
+          params:
+            debug: true
+
+  test:
+    step_templates:
+      - name: fetch_cart
+        handler_config:
+          url: http://test-api.ecommerce.com/cart
+          params:
+            cart_id: 1
+            test_mode: true
+
+      - name: fetch_products
+        handler_config:
+          url: http://test-api.ecommerce.com/products
+          params:
+            test_mode: true
+
+  production:
+    step_templates:
+      - name: fetch_cart
+        handler_config:
+          url: https://api.ecommerce.com/cart
+          params:
+            cart_id: 1
+            api_key: ${ECOMMERCE_API_KEY}
+
+      - name: fetch_products
+        handler_config:
+          url: https://api.ecommerce.com/products
+          params:
+            api_key: ${ECOMMERCE_API_KEY}
+```
+
+## Environment-Specific Configuration
+
+Tasker supports environment-specific configuration overrides in YAML files. This allows you to:
+
+1. Define a base configuration that works across all environments
+2. Override specific settings for each environment (development, test, production)
+
+The configuration is merged at runtime, with environment-specific settings taking precedence over the base configuration. This is particularly useful for:
+
+- Using different API endpoints per environment
+- Enabling debug mode in development
+- Using test mode in test environments
+
+To use environment-specific configuration:
+
+1. Add environment-specific sections to your YAML file
+2. Override only the settings that need to change per environment
+3. The TaskBuilder will automatically merge the configurations based on the current Rails environment
+
+## API Task Example
+
+See the [spec/dummy/app/tasks/api_task](./spec/dummy/app/tasks/api_task) directory for an example of a task handler that processes an e-commerce order through a series of steps, interacting with external systems, and handling errors and retries. You can read more about the example [here](./spec/dummy/app/tasks/api_task/README.md).
+
+### API Routes
+
+Tasker provides a RESTful API for managing tasks. Here are the available endpoints:
+
+#### Tasks
+
+- `GET /tasker/tasks` - List all tasks
+- `POST /tasker/tasks` - Create and enqueue a new task
+- `GET /tasker/tasks/{task_id}` - Get task details
+- `PATCH/PUT /tasker/tasks/{task_id}` - Update task
+- `DELETE /tasker/tasks/{task_id}` - Cancel task
+
+#### Workflow Steps
+
+- `GET /tasker/tasks/{task_id}/workflow_steps` - List steps for a task
+- `GET /tasker/tasks/{task_id}/workflow_steps/{step_id}` - Get step details
+- `PATCH/PUT /tasker/tasks/{task_id}/workflow_steps/{step_id}` - Update step
+- `DELETE /tasker/tasks/{task_id}/workflow_steps/{step_id}` - Cancel step
+
+#### Task Diagrams
+
+- `GET /tasker/tasks/{task_id}/diagram` - Get a diagram for a task
+
+### Creating a Task via API
+
+Example of creating a task using curl:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST https://www.example.com/tasker/tasks \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "name": "api_integration_task",
+    "context": {
+      "cart_id": 123
+    },
+    "initiator": "web_interface",
+    "reason": "Process new order",
+    "source_system": "ecommerce",
+    "tags": ["order_processing", "api_integration"]
+  }'
+```
+
+The request body must include:
+
+- `name`: The name of the task handler to use
+- `context`: A JSON object containing the task's context data
+- `initiator`: Who/what initiated the task
+- `reason`: Why the task was created
+- `source_system`: The system that created the task
+- `tags`: (Optional) Array of tags for categorization
+
+## Workflow & Retry Mechanism
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    Start([Task Initialization]) --> FindRoots[Find Root Steps]
+    FindRoots --> QueueRoots[Queue Root Steps]
+    QueueRoots --> ParallelExec{Parallel Execution}
+
+    ParallelExec --> RootA[Root Step A]
+    ParallelExec --> RootB[Root Step B]
+
+    RootA --> |Running| A[Step Ready for Execution]
+    RootB --> |Running| A
+
+    A --> B{Step Succeeded?}
+    B -->|Yes| C[Mark Step Complete]
+    B -->|No| D{Retryable Error?}
+    D -->|No| E[Mark as Failed]
+    D -->|Yes| F{Attempts < Max?}
+    F -->|No| E
+    F -->|Yes| G[Calculate Backoff]
+
+    G --> H[Apply Exponential Backoff with Jitter]
+    H --> I[Wait for Backoff Period]
+    I --> J[Increment Attempt Count]
+    J --> A
+
+    C --> K{Find Dependent Steps}
+    K --> DepCheck{For Each Dependent Step}
+    DepCheck --> DependenciesMet{All Dependencies\nComplete?}
+    DependenciesMet -->|Yes| QueueStep[Queue Step for Execution]
+    QueueStep --> ParallelExec
+    DependenciesMet -->|No| Wait[Step Remains Pending]
+
+    E --> TaskCheck{Any Step\nFailed?}
+    TaskCheck -->|Yes| FailTask[Mark Task as Failed]
+
+    Wait -.- DepMonitor[Dependency Monitor]
+    DepMonitor -.- DependenciesMet
+
+    C --> CompleteCheck{All Steps\nComplete?}
+    CompleteCheck -->|Yes| CompleteTask[Mark Task as Complete]
+    CompleteCheck -->|No| Continue[Continue Processing]
+
+    subgraph DAG Traversal
+    FindRoots
+    QueueRoots
+    ParallelExec
+    RootA
+    RootB
+    K
+    DepCheck
+    DependenciesMet
+    QueueStep
+    Wait
+    DepMonitor
+    end
+
+    subgraph Exponential Backoff
+    G
+    H
+    I
+    J
+    end
+
+    subgraph Task Status Management
+    E
+    TaskCheck
+    FailTask
+    CompleteCheck
+    CompleteTask
+    end
+
+    %% Initialize with dark borders and light fills
+    style Start fill:#ffffff,stroke:#444444,stroke-width:2px
+    style FindRoots fill:#f6f6f6,stroke:#444444
+    style QueueRoots fill:#f6f6f6,stroke:#444444
+    style ParallelExec fill:#f6f6f6,stroke:#444444,stroke-width:2px
+
+    %% Root steps (slightly lighter gray)
+    style RootA fill:#e8e8e8,stroke:#666666
+    style RootB fill:#e8e8e8,stroke:#666666
+
+    %% Standard flow components (white with medium gray borders)
+    style A fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style B fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style C fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style D fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style F fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style CompleteCheck fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style Continue fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+    style TaskCheck fill:#ffffff,stroke:#666666
+
+    %% Exponential backoff (light gray)
+    style G fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#666666
+    style H fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#666666
+    style I fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#666666
+    style J fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#666666
+
+    %% DAG specific components (slightly darker gray)
+    style K fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444
+    style DepCheck fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444
+    style DependenciesMet fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444,stroke-width:2px
+    style QueueStep fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444
+    style Wait fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444,stroke-dasharray: 5 5
+    style DepMonitor fill:#e0e0e0,stroke:#444444,stroke-dasharray: 5 5
+
+    %% Success and failure states (dark and medium grays)
+    style CompleteTask fill:#d0d0d0,stroke:#222222,stroke-width:2px
+    style FailTask fill:#b0b0b0,stroke:#222222,stroke-width:2px
+    style E fill:#b0b0b0,stroke:#222222
+```
+
+The system implements advanced workflow traversal with parallel execution, sophisticated retry logic, and production-ready error handling:
+
+### 📖 Detailed Orchestration Documentation
+
+For comprehensive understanding of Tasker's sophisticated orchestration patterns, including the dual finalization strategy and execution control flow, see:
+
+**[Task Execution Control Flow](TASK_EXECUTION_CONTROL_FLOW.md)** - Deep dive into workflow orchestration patterns, synchronous vs asynchronous finalization, and the coordination between WorkflowCoordinator and TaskFinalizer components.
+
+- **DAG Traversal & Parallel Execution**
+  - Initial identification and queueing of root steps (no dependencies)
+  - Parallel execution of independent steps at each level
+  - Dynamic discovery of next executable steps as dependencies are satisfied
+  - Continuous monitoring of dependency status to activate pending steps
+  - Automatic task completion detection when all steps are finished
+
+- **Industry Standard Exponential Backoff**
+  - Base delay that doubles with each attempt: `base_delay * (2^attempt)`
+  - Random jitter to prevent thundering herd problems
+  - Configurable maximum delay cap (30 seconds)
+  - Respects server-provided Retry-After headers when available
+
+- **Production-Ready Error Handling & Persistence**
+  - **Complete Step Error Persistence** - All step failures saved with full error context, backtrace, and attempt tracking
+  - **Atomic Transactions** - Save-first, transition-second pattern ensures data integrity and idempotency
+  - **Memory-Safe Processing** - Database connection pooling and explicit cleanup prevents connection leaks
+  - **Comprehensive Event Publishing** - Both success and error paths publish standardized events for observability
+  - **Zero Data Loss** - All step executions (success/error) properly persisted with complete context
+
+- **Task Status Management**
+  - Real-time monitoring of all step statuses with unified event system
+  - Early failure detection and propagation with comprehensive error data
+  - Graceful handling of unrecoverable errors with full audit trail
+  - OpenTelemetry integration for complete observability