tableling-rails 0.0.21 → 0.0.22

checksums.yaml

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data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.0.21
+0.0.22

data/lib/tableling-rails/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Tableling
-  VERSION = "0.0.21"
+  VERSION = "0.0.22"
 end

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/tableling.backbone.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4762 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.0
+
+//     (c) 2010-2011 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+//     (c) 2011-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(){
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports`
+  // on the server).
+  var root = this;
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var push = array.push;
+  var slice = array.slice;
+  var splice = array.splice;
+
+  // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
+  // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server.
+  var Backbone;
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    Backbone = exports;
+  } else {
+    Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
+  }
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.0';
+
+  // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
+  var _ = root._;
+  if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore');
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+    // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+    // the callback to all events fired.
+    on: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      this._events || (this._events = {});
+      var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+      events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+    // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+    once: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      var self = this;
+      var once = _.once(function() {
+        self.off(name, once);
+        callback.apply(this, arguments);
+      });
+      once._callback = callback;
+      return this.on(name, once, context);
+    },
+
+    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+    // callbacks for all events.
+    off: function(name, callback, context) {
+      var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+      if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+      if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+        this._events = {};
+        return this;
+      }
+      names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+      for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        name = names[i];
+        if (events = this._events[name]) {
+          this._events[name] = retain = [];
+          if (callback || context) {
+            for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+              ev = events[j];
+              if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+                  (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+                retain.push(ev);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+    // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+    // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+    // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+    trigger: function(name) {
+      if (!this._events) return this;
+      var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+      var events = this._events[name];
+      var allEvents = this._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+    // to every object it's currently listening to.
+    stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+      if (!listeningTo) return this;
+      var remove = !name && !callback;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+      for (var id in listeningTo) {
+        obj = listeningTo[id];
+        obj.off(name, callback, this);
+        if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+  // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+  // in terms of the existing API.
+  var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
+    if (!name) return true;
+
+    // Handle event maps.
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle space separated event names.
+    if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+      for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args);
+    }
+  };
+
+  var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+  // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+  // listening to.
+  _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
+    Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+      var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      listeningTo[id] = obj;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+      return this;
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = true;
+        for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+    // triggering a `"change"` event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return this.id == null;
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      var i, l, index, model;
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        delete this._byId[model.id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+      var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      var targetModel = this.model;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i];
+        if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+          id = model = attrs;
+        } else {
+          id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute];
+        }
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge) {
+            attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+
+          // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by
+          // `id` and by `cid`.
+          model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+          this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+          if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+        }
+        if (order) order.push(existing || model);
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+        }
+        if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+      
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i]);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      return this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid] || this._byId[obj];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        for (var key in attrs) {
+          if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp, options) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models);
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+        if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
+        return attrs;
+      }
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+        if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    this.delegateEvents();
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+    // re-delegation.
+    setElement: function(element, delegate) {
+      if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+      this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+      if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+        method = _.bind(method, this);
+        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+        if (selector === '') {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+        } else {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+        this.setElement($el, false);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+    // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+    // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+    if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+      params.xhr = function() {
+        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  var noXhrPatch = typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject && !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        callback && callback.apply(router, args);
+        router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+        router.trigger('route', name, args);
+        Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^\/]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param) {
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+  // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+  var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash and query.
+  var pathStripper = /[?#].*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+    // the hash, or the override.
+    getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+          fragment = this.location.pathname;
+          var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+          if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
+      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
+      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this.iframe = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+        this.navigate(fragment);
+      }
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+      var loc = this.location;
+      var atRoot = loc.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
+          this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+          this.location.replace(this.root + this.location.search + '#' + this.fragment);
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
+          this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+          this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment + loc.search);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+      }
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+      // Strip the fragment of the query and hash for matching.
+      fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+}).call(this);
+
+// MarionetteJS (Backbone.Marionette)
+// ----------------------------------
+// v1.4.1
+//
+// Copyright (c)2013 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
+// Distributed under MIT license
+//
+// http://marionettejs.com
+
+
+
+/*!
+ * Includes BabySitter
+ * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter/
+ *
+ * Includes Wreqr
+ * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr/
+ */
+
+// Backbone.BabySitter
+// -------------------
+// v0.0.6
+//
+// Copyright (c)2013 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
+// Distributed under MIT license
+//
+// http://github.com/babysitterjs/backbone.babysitter
+
+// Backbone.ChildViewContainer
+// ---------------------------
+//
+// Provide a container to store, retrieve and
+// shut down child views.
+
+Backbone.ChildViewContainer = (function(Backbone, _){
+  
+  // Container Constructor
+  // ---------------------
+
+  var Container = function(views){
+    this._views = {};
+    this._indexByModel = {};
+    this._indexByCustom = {};
+    this._updateLength();
+
+    _.each(views, this.add, this);
+  };
+
+  // Container Methods
+  // -----------------
+
+  _.extend(Container.prototype, {
+
+    // Add a view to this container. Stores the view
+    // by `cid` and makes it searchable by the model
+    // cid (and model itself). Optionally specify
+    // a custom key to store an retrieve the view.
+    add: function(view, customIndex){
+      var viewCid = view.cid;
+
+      // store the view
+      this._views[viewCid] = view;
+
+      // index it by model
+      if (view.model){
+        this._indexByModel[view.model.cid] = viewCid;
+      }
+
+      // index by custom
+      if (customIndex){
+        this._indexByCustom[customIndex] = viewCid;
+      }
+
+      this._updateLength();
+    },
+
+    // Find a view by the model that was attached to
+    // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find it.
+    findByModel: function(model){
+      return this.findByModelCid(model.cid);
+    },
+
+    // Find a view by the `cid` of the model that was attached to
+    // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find the view `cid` and
+    // retrieve the view using it.
+    findByModelCid: function(modelCid){
+      var viewCid = this._indexByModel[modelCid];
+      return this.findByCid(viewCid);
+    },
+
+    // Find a view by a custom indexer.
+    findByCustom: function(index){
+      var viewCid = this._indexByCustom[index];
+      return this.findByCid(viewCid);
+    },
+
+    // Find by index. This is not guaranteed to be a
+    // stable index.
+    findByIndex: function(index){
+      return _.values(this._views)[index];
+    },
+
+    // retrieve a view by it's `cid` directly
+    findByCid: function(cid){
+      return this._views[cid];
+    },
+
+    // Remove a view
+    remove: function(view){
+      var viewCid = view.cid;
+
+      // delete model index
+      if (view.model){
+        delete this._indexByModel[view.model.cid];
+      }
+
+      // delete custom index
+      _.any(this._indexByCustom, function(cid, key) {
+        if (cid === viewCid) {
+          delete this._indexByCustom[key];
+          return true;
+        }
+      }, this);
+
+      // remove the view from the container
+      delete this._views[viewCid];
+
+      // update the length
+      this._updateLength();
+    },
+
+    // Call a method on every view in the container,
+    // passing parameters to the call method one at a
+    // time, like `function.call`.
+    call: function(method){
+      this.apply(method, _.tail(arguments));
+    },
+
+    // Apply a method on every view in the container,
+    // passing parameters to the call method one at a
+    // time, like `function.apply`.
+    apply: function(method, args){
+      _.each(this._views, function(view){
+        if (_.isFunction(view[method])){
+          view[method].apply(view, args || []);
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Update the `.length` attribute on this container
+    _updateLength: function(){
+      this.length = _.size(this._views);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
+  // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
+  //
+  // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
+  // collection related features.
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 
+    'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 
+    'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest', 
+    'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];
+
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    Container.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var views = _.values(this._views);
+      var args = [views].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // return the public API
+  return Container;
+})(Backbone, _);
+
+// Backbone.Wreqr (Backbone.Marionette)
+// ----------------------------------
+// v0.2.0
+//
+// Copyright (c)2013 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
+// Distributed under MIT license
+//
+// http://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr
+
+
+Backbone.Wreqr = (function(Backbone, Marionette, _){
+  "use strict";
+  var Wreqr = {};
+
+  // Handlers
+// --------
+// A registry of functions to call, given a name
+
+Wreqr.Handlers = (function(Backbone, _){
+  "use strict";
+  
+  // Constructor
+  // -----------
+
+  var Handlers = function(options){
+    this.options = options;
+    this._wreqrHandlers = {};
+    
+    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
+      this.initialize(options);
+    }
+  };
+
+  Handlers.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
+
+  // Instance Members
+  // ----------------
+
+  _.extend(Handlers.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+    // Add multiple handlers using an object literal configuration
+    setHandlers: function(handlers){
+      _.each(handlers, function(handler, name){
+        var context = null;
+
+        if (_.isObject(handler) && !_.isFunction(handler)){
+          context = handler.context;
+          handler = handler.callback;
+        }
+
+        this.setHandler(name, handler, context);
+      }, this);
+    },
+
+    // Add a handler for the given name, with an
+    // optional context to run the handler within
+    setHandler: function(name, handler, context){
+      var config = {
+        callback: handler,
+        context: context
+      };
+
+      this._wreqrHandlers[name] = config;
+
+      this.trigger("handler:add", name, handler, context);
+    },
+
+    // Determine whether or not a handler is registered
+    hasHandler: function(name){
+      return !! this._wreqrHandlers[name];
+    },
+
+    // Get the currently registered handler for
+    // the specified name. Throws an exception if
+    // no handler is found.
+    getHandler: function(name){
+      var config = this._wreqrHandlers[name];
+
+      if (!config){
+        throw new Error("Handler not found for '" + name + "'");
+      }
+
+      return function(){
+        var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+        return config.callback.apply(config.context, args);
+      };
+    },
+
+    // Remove a handler for the specified name
+    removeHandler: function(name){
+      delete this._wreqrHandlers[name];
+    },
+
+    // Remove all handlers from this registry
+    removeAllHandlers: function(){
+      this._wreqrHandlers = {};
+    }
+  });
+
+  return Handlers;
+})(Backbone, _);
+
+  // Wreqr.CommandStorage
+// --------------------
+//
+// Store and retrieve commands for execution.
+Wreqr.CommandStorage = (function(){
+  "use strict";
+
+  // Constructor function
+  var CommandStorage = function(options){
+    this.options = options;
+    this._commands = {};
+
+    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
+      this.initialize(options);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Instance methods
+  _.extend(CommandStorage.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+    // Get an object literal by command name, that contains
+    // the `commandName` and the `instances` of all commands
+    // represented as an array of arguments to process
+    getCommands: function(commandName){
+      var commands = this._commands[commandName];
+
+      // we don't have it, so add it
+      if (!commands){
+
+        // build the configuration
+        commands = {
+          command: commandName, 
+          instances: []
+        };
+
+        // store it
+        this._commands[commandName] = commands;
+      }
+
+      return commands;
+    },
+
+    // Add a command by name, to the storage and store the
+    // args for the command
+    addCommand: function(commandName, args){
+      var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
+      command.instances.push(args);
+    },
+
+    // Clear all commands for the given `commandName`
+    clearCommands: function(commandName){
+      var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
+      command.instances = [];
+    }
+  });
+
+  return CommandStorage;
+})();
+
+  // Wreqr.Commands
+// --------------
+//
+// A simple command pattern implementation. Register a command
+// handler and execute it.
+Wreqr.Commands = (function(Wreqr){
+  "use strict";
+
+  return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
+    // default storage type
+    storageType: Wreqr.CommandStorage,
+
+    constructor: function(options){
+      this.options = options || {};
+
+      this._initializeStorage(this.options);
+      this.on("handler:add", this._executeCommands, this);
+
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+      Wreqr.Handlers.prototype.constructor.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Execute a named command with the supplied args
+    execute: function(name, args){
+      name = arguments[0];
+      args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+      if (this.hasHandler(name)){
+        this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
+      } else {
+        this.storage.addCommand(name, args);
+      }
+
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to handle bulk execution of stored commands
+    _executeCommands: function(name, handler, context){
+      var command = this.storage.getCommands(name);
+
+      // loop through and execute all the stored command instances
+      _.each(command.instances, function(args){
+        handler.apply(context, args);
+      });
+
+      this.storage.clearCommands(name);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to initialize storage either from the type's
+    // `storageType` or the instance `options.storageType`.
+    _initializeStorage: function(options){
+      var storage;
+
+      var StorageType = options.storageType || this.storageType;
+      if (_.isFunction(StorageType)){
+        storage = new StorageType();
+      } else {
+        storage = StorageType;
+      }
+
+      this.storage = storage;
+    }
+  });
+
+})(Wreqr);
+
+  // Wreqr.RequestResponse
+// ---------------------
+//
+// A simple request/response implementation. Register a
+// request handler, and return a response from it
+Wreqr.RequestResponse = (function(Wreqr){
+  "use strict";
+
+  return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
+    request: function(){
+      var name = arguments[0];
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+      return this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
+    }
+  });
+
+})(Wreqr);
+
+  // Event Aggregator
+// ----------------
+// A pub-sub object that can be used to decouple various parts
+// of an application through event-driven architecture.
+
+Wreqr.EventAggregator = (function(Backbone, _){
+  "use strict";
+  var EA = function(){};
+
+  // Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
+  EA.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
+
+  // Copy the basic Backbone.Events on to the event aggregator
+  _.extend(EA.prototype, Backbone.Events);
+
+  return EA;
+})(Backbone, _);
+
+
+  return Wreqr;
+})(Backbone, Backbone.Marionette, _);
+
+var Marionette = (function(global, Backbone, _){
+  "use strict";
+
+  // Define and export the Marionette namespace
+  var Marionette = {};
+  Backbone.Marionette = Marionette;
+
+  // Get the DOM manipulator for later use
+  Marionette.$ = Backbone.$;
+
+// Helpers
+// -------
+
+// For slicing `arguments` in functions
+var protoSlice = Array.prototype.slice;
+function slice(args) {
+  return protoSlice.call(args);
+}
+
+function throwError(message, name) {
+  var error = new Error(message);
+  error.name = name || 'Error';
+  throw error;
+}
+
+// Marionette.extend
+// -----------------
+
+// Borrow the Backbone `extend` method so we can use it as needed
+Marionette.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
+
+// Marionette.getOption
+// --------------------
+
+// Retrieve an object, function or other value from a target
+// object or its `options`, with `options` taking precedence.
+Marionette.getOption = function(target, optionName){
+  if (!target || !optionName){ return; }
+  var value;
+
+  if (target.options && (optionName in target.options) && (target.options[optionName] !== undefined)){
+    value = target.options[optionName];
+  } else {
+    value = target[optionName];
+  }
+
+  return value;
+};
+
+// Trigger an event and/or a corresponding method name. Examples:
+//
+// `this.triggerMethod("foo")` will trigger the "foo" event and
+// call the "onFoo" method.
+//
+// `this.triggerMethod("foo:bar") will trigger the "foo:bar" event and
+// call the "onFooBar" method.
+Marionette.triggerMethod = (function(){
+
+  // split the event name on the :
+  var splitter = /(^|:)(\w)/gi;
+
+  // take the event section ("section1:section2:section3")
+  // and turn it in to uppercase name
+  function getEventName(match, prefix, eventName) {
+    return eventName.toUpperCase();
+  }
+
+  // actual triggerMethod name
+  var triggerMethod = function(event) {
+    // get the method name from the event name
+    var methodName = 'on' + event.replace(splitter, getEventName);
+    var method = this[methodName];
+
+    // trigger the event, if a trigger method exists
+    if(_.isFunction(this.trigger)) {
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+    // call the onMethodName if it exists
+    if (_.isFunction(method)) {
+      // pass all arguments, except the event name
+      return method.apply(this, _.tail(arguments));
+    }
+  };
+
+  return triggerMethod;
+})();
+
+// DOMRefresh
+// ----------
+//
+// Monitor a view's state, and after it has been rendered and shown
+// in the DOM, trigger a "dom:refresh" event every time it is
+// re-rendered.
+
+Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh = (function(){
+  // track when the view has been shown in the DOM,
+  // using a Marionette.Region (or by other means of triggering "show")
+  function handleShow(view){
+    view._isShown = true;
+    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
+  }
+
+  // track when the view has been rendered
+  function handleRender(view){
+    view._isRendered = true;
+    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
+  }
+
+  // Trigger the "dom:refresh" event and corresponding "onDomRefresh" method
+  function triggerDOMRefresh(view){
+    if (view._isShown && view._isRendered){
+      if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)){
+        view.triggerMethod("dom:refresh");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Export public API
+  return function(view){
+    view.listenTo(view, "show", function(){
+      handleShow(view);
+    });
+
+    view.listenTo(view, "render", function(){
+      handleRender(view);
+    });
+  };
+})();
+
+
+// Marionette.bindEntityEvents & unbindEntityEvents
+// ---------------------------
+//
+// These methods are used to bind/unbind a backbone "entity" (collection/model)
+// to methods on a target object.
+//
+// The first parameter, `target`, must have a `listenTo` method from the
+// EventBinder object.
+//
+// The second parameter is the entity (Backbone.Model or Backbone.Collection)
+// to bind the events from.
+//
+// The third parameter is a hash of { "event:name": "eventHandler" }
+// configuration. Multiple handlers can be separated by a space. A
+// function can be supplied instead of a string handler name.
+
+(function(Marionette){
+  "use strict";
+
+  // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
+  // handler names on the target object
+  function bindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
+    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
+
+    _.each(methodNames,function(methodName) {
+
+      var method = target[methodName];
+      if(!method) {
+        throwError("Method '"+ methodName +"' was configured as an event handler, but does not exist.");
+      }
+
+      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method, target);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
+  function bindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
+      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method, target);
+  }
+
+  // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
+  // handler names on the target object
+  function unbindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
+    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
+
+    _.each(methodNames,function(methodName) {
+      var method = target[methodName];
+      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method, target);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
+  function unbindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
+      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method, target);
+  }
+
+
+  // generic looping function
+  function iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, functionCallback, stringCallback){
+    if (!entity || !bindings) { return; }
+
+    // allow the bindings to be a function
+    if (_.isFunction(bindings)){
+      bindings = bindings.call(target);
+    }
+
+    // iterate the bindings and bind them
+    _.each(bindings, function(methods, evt){
+
+      // allow for a function as the handler,
+      // or a list of event names as a string
+      if (_.isFunction(methods)){
+        functionCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
+      } else {
+        stringCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
+      }
+
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Export Public API
+  Marionette.bindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
+    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, bindToFunction, bindFromStrings);
+  };
+
+  Marionette.unbindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
+    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, unbindToFunction, unbindFromStrings);
+  };
+
+})(Marionette);
+
+
+// Callbacks
+// ---------
+
+// A simple way of managing a collection of callbacks
+// and executing them at a later point in time, using jQuery's
+// `Deferred` object.
+Marionette.Callbacks = function(){
+  this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
+  this._callbacks = [];
+};
+
+_.extend(Marionette.Callbacks.prototype, {
+
+  // Add a callback to be executed. Callbacks added here are
+  // guaranteed to execute, even if they are added after the
+  // `run` method is called.
+  add: function(callback, contextOverride){
+    this._callbacks.push({cb: callback, ctx: contextOverride});
+
+    this._deferred.done(function(context, options){
+      if (contextOverride){ context = contextOverride; }
+      callback.call(context, options);
+    });
+  },
+
+  // Run all registered callbacks with the context specified.
+  // Additional callbacks can be added after this has been run
+  // and they will still be executed.
+  run: function(options, context){
+    this._deferred.resolve(context, options);
+  },
+
+  // Resets the list of callbacks to be run, allowing the same list
+  // to be run multiple times - whenever the `run` method is called.
+  reset: function(){
+    var callbacks = this._callbacks;
+    this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
+    this._callbacks = [];
+
+    _.each(callbacks, function(cb){
+      this.add(cb.cb, cb.ctx);
+    }, this);
+  }
+});
+
+
+// Marionette Controller
+// ---------------------
+//
+// A multi-purpose object to use as a controller for
+// modules and routers, and as a mediator for workflow
+// and coordination of other objects, views, and more.
+Marionette.Controller = function(options){
+  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
+  this.options = options || {};
+
+  if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
+    this.initialize(this.options);
+  }
+};
+
+Marionette.Controller.extend = Marionette.extend;
+
+// Controller Methods
+// --------------
+
+// Ensure it can trigger events with Backbone.Events
+_.extend(Marionette.Controller.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+  close: function(){
+    this.stopListening();
+    this.triggerMethod("close");
+    this.unbind();
+  }
+});
+
+// Region
+// ------
+//
+// Manage the visual regions of your composite application. See
+// http://lostechies.com/derickbailey/2011/12/12/composite-js-apps-regions-and-region-managers/
+
+Marionette.Region = function(options){
+  this.options = options || {};
+
+  this.el = Marionette.getOption(this, "el");
+
+  if (!this.el){
+    var err = new Error("An 'el' must be specified for a region.");
+    err.name = "NoElError";
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  if (this.initialize){
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+    this.initialize.apply(this, args);
+  }
+};
+
+
+// Region Type methods
+// -------------------
+
+_.extend(Marionette.Region, {
+
+  // Build an instance of a region by passing in a configuration object
+  // and a default region type to use if none is specified in the config.
+  //
+  // The config object should either be a string as a jQuery DOM selector,
+  // a Region type directly, or an object literal that specifies both
+  // a selector and regionType:
+  //
+  // ```js
+  // {
+  //   selector: "#foo",
+  //   regionType: MyCustomRegion
+  // }
+  // ```
+  //
+  buildRegion: function(regionConfig, defaultRegionType){
+
+    var regionIsString = (typeof regionConfig === "string");
+    var regionSelectorIsString = (typeof regionConfig.selector === "string");
+    var regionTypeIsUndefined = (typeof regionConfig.regionType === "undefined");
+    var regionIsType = (typeof regionConfig === "function");
+
+    if (!regionIsType && !regionIsString && !regionSelectorIsString) {
+      throw new Error("Region must be specified as a Region type, a selector string or an object with selector property");
+    }
+
+    var selector, RegionType;
+
+    // get the selector for the region
+
+    if (regionIsString) {
+      selector = regionConfig;
+    }
+
+    if (regionConfig.selector) {
+      selector = regionConfig.selector;
+    }
+
+    // get the type for the region
+
+    if (regionIsType){
+      RegionType = regionConfig;
+    }
+
+    if (!regionIsType && regionTypeIsUndefined) {
+      RegionType = defaultRegionType;
+    }
+
+    if (regionConfig.regionType) {
+      RegionType = regionConfig.regionType;
+    }
+
+    // build the region instance
+    var region = new RegionType({
+      el: selector
+    });
+
+    // override the `getEl` function if we have a parentEl
+    // this must be overridden to ensure the selector is found
+    // on the first use of the region. if we try to assign the
+    // region's `el` to `parentEl.find(selector)` in the object
+    // literal to build the region, the element will not be
+    // guaranteed to be in the DOM already, and will cause problems
+    if (regionConfig.parentEl){
+
+      region.getEl = function(selector) {
+        var parentEl = regionConfig.parentEl;
+        if (_.isFunction(parentEl)){
+          parentEl = parentEl();
+        }
+        return parentEl.find(selector);
+      };
+    }
+
+    return region;
+  }
+
+});
+
+// Region Instance Methods
+// -----------------------
+
+_.extend(Marionette.Region.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+  // Displays a backbone view instance inside of the region.
+  // Handles calling the `render` method for you. Reads content
+  // directly from the `el` attribute. Also calls an optional
+  // `onShow` and `close` method on your view, just after showing
+  // or just before closing the view, respectively.
+  show: function(view){
+
+    this.ensureEl();
+
+    var isViewClosed = view.isClosed || _.isUndefined(view.$el);
+
+    var isDifferentView = view !== this.currentView;
+
+    if (isDifferentView) {
+      this.close();
+    }
+
+    view.render();
+
+    if (isDifferentView || isViewClosed) {
+      this.open(view);
+    }
+
+    this.currentView = view;
+
+    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "show", view);
+    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "show");
+  },
+
+  ensureEl: function(){
+    if (!this.$el || this.$el.length === 0){
+      this.$el = this.getEl(this.el);
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Override this method to change how the region finds the
+  // DOM element that it manages. Return a jQuery selector object.
+  getEl: function(selector){
+    return Marionette.$(selector);
+  },
+
+  // Override this method to change how the new view is
+  // appended to the `$el` that the region is managing
+  open: function(view){
+    this.$el.empty().append(view.el);
+  },
+
+  // Close the current view, if there is one. If there is no
+  // current view, it does nothing and returns immediately.
+  close: function(){
+    var view = this.currentView;
+    if (!view || view.isClosed){ return; }
+
+    // call 'close' or 'remove', depending on which is found
+    if (view.close) { view.close(); }
+    else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
+
+    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "close");
+
+    delete this.currentView;
+  },
+
+  // Attach an existing view to the region. This
+  // will not call `render` or `onShow` for the new view,
+  // and will not replace the current HTML for the `el`
+  // of the region.
+  attachView: function(view){
+    this.currentView = view;
+  },
+
+  // Reset the region by closing any existing view and
+  // clearing out the cached `$el`. The next time a view
+  // is shown via this region, the region will re-query the
+  // DOM for the region's `el`.
+  reset: function(){
+    this.close();
+    delete this.$el;
+  }
+});
+
+// Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
+Marionette.Region.extend = Marionette.extend;
+
+// Marionette.RegionManager
+// ------------------------
+//
+// Manage one or more related `Marionette.Region` objects.
+Marionette.RegionManager = (function(Marionette){
+
+  var RegionManager = Marionette.Controller.extend({
+    constructor: function(options){
+      this._regions = {};
+      Marionette.Controller.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Add multiple regions using an object literal, where
+    // each key becomes the region name, and each value is
+    // the region definition.
+    addRegions: function(regionDefinitions, defaults){
+      var regions = {};
+
+      _.each(regionDefinitions, function(definition, name){
+        if (typeof definition === "string"){
+          definition = { selector: definition };
+        }
+
+        if (definition.selector){
+          definition = _.defaults({}, definition, defaults);
+        }
+
+        var region = this.addRegion(name, definition);
+        regions[name] = region;
+      }, this);
+
+      return regions;
+    },
+
+    // Add an individual region to the region manager,
+    // and return the region instance
+    addRegion: function(name, definition){
+      var region;
+
+      var isObject = _.isObject(definition);
+      var isString = _.isString(definition);
+      var hasSelector = !!definition.selector;
+
+      if (isString || (isObject && hasSelector)){
+        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
+      } else if (_.isFunction(definition)){
+        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
+      } else {
+        region = definition;
+      }
+
+      this._store(name, region);
+      this.triggerMethod("region:add", name, region);
+      return region;
+    },
+
+    // Get a region by name
+    get: function(name){
+      return this._regions[name];
+    },
+
+    // Remove a region by name
+    removeRegion: function(name){
+      var region = this._regions[name];
+      this._remove(name, region);
+    },
+
+    // Close all regions in the region manager, and
+    // remove them
+    removeRegions: function(){
+      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
+        this._remove(name, region);
+      }, this);
+    },
+
+    // Close all regions in the region manager, but
+    // leave them attached
+    closeRegions: function(){
+      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
+        region.close();
+      }, this);
+    },
+
+    // Close all regions and shut down the region
+    // manager entirely
+    close: function(){
+      this.removeRegions();
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+      Marionette.Controller.prototype.close.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // internal method to store regions
+    _store: function(name, region){
+      this._regions[name] = region;
+      this._setLength();
+    },
+
+    // internal method to remove a region
+    _remove: function(name, region){
+      region.close();
+      delete this._regions[name];
+      this._setLength();
+      this.triggerMethod("region:remove", name, region);
+    },
+
+    // set the number of regions current held
+    _setLength: function(){
+      this.length = _.size(this._regions);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
+  // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
+  //
+  // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
+  // collection related features.
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 
+    'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 
+    'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest', 
+    'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];
+
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    RegionManager.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var regions = _.values(this._regions);
+      var args = [regions].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  return RegionManager;
+})(Marionette);
+
+
+// Template Cache
+// --------------
+
+// Manage templates stored in `<script>` blocks,
+// caching them for faster access.
+Marionette.TemplateCache = function(templateId){
+  this.templateId = templateId;
+};
+
+// TemplateCache object-level methods. Manage the template
+// caches from these method calls instead of creating 
+// your own TemplateCache instances
+_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache, {
+  templateCaches: {},
+
+  // Get the specified template by id. Either
+  // retrieves the cached version, or loads it
+  // from the DOM.
+  get: function(templateId){
+    var cachedTemplate = this.templateCaches[templateId];
+
+    if (!cachedTemplate){
+      cachedTemplate = new Marionette.TemplateCache(templateId);
+      this.templateCaches[templateId] = cachedTemplate;
+    }
+
+    return cachedTemplate.load();
+  },
+
+  // Clear templates from the cache. If no arguments
+  // are specified, clears all templates:
+  // `clear()`
+  //
+  // If arguments are specified, clears each of the 
+  // specified templates from the cache:
+  // `clear("#t1", "#t2", "...")`
+  clear: function(){
+    var i;
+    var args = slice(arguments);
+    var length = args.length;
+
+    if (length > 0){
+      for(i=0; i<length; i++){
+        delete this.templateCaches[args[i]];
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.templateCaches = {};
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+// TemplateCache instance methods, allowing each
+// template cache object to manage its own state
+// and know whether or not it has been loaded
+_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache.prototype, {
+
+  // Internal method to load the template
+  load: function(){
+    // Guard clause to prevent loading this template more than once
+    if (this.compiledTemplate){
+      return this.compiledTemplate;
+    }
+
+    // Load the template and compile it
+    var template = this.loadTemplate(this.templateId);
+    this.compiledTemplate = this.compileTemplate(template);
+
+    return this.compiledTemplate;
+  },
+
+  // Load a template from the DOM, by default. Override
+  // this method to provide your own template retrieval
+  // For asynchronous loading with AMD/RequireJS, consider
+  // using a template-loader plugin as described here: 
+  // https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette/wiki/Using-marionette-with-requirejs
+  loadTemplate: function(templateId){
+    var template = Marionette.$(templateId).html();
+
+    if (!template || template.length === 0){
+      throwError("Could not find template: '" + templateId + "'", "NoTemplateError");
+    }
+
+    return template;
+  },
+
+  // Pre-compile the template before caching it. Override
+  // this method if you do not need to pre-compile a template
+  // (JST / RequireJS for example) or if you want to change
+  // the template engine used (Handebars, etc).
+  compileTemplate: function(rawTemplate){
+    return _.template(rawTemplate);
+  }
+});
+
+
+// Renderer
+// --------
+
+// Render a template with data by passing in the template
+// selector and the data to render.
+Marionette.Renderer = {
+
+  // Render a template with data. The `template` parameter is
+  // passed to the `TemplateCache` object to retrieve the
+  // template function. Override this method to provide your own
+  // custom rendering and template handling for all of Marionette.
+  render: function(template, data){
+
+    if (!template) {
+      var error = new Error("Cannot render the template since it's false, null or undefined.");
+      error.name = "TemplateNotFoundError";
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    var templateFunc;
+    if (typeof template === "function"){
+      templateFunc = template;
+    } else {
+      templateFunc = Marionette.TemplateCache.get(template);
+    }
+
+    return templateFunc(data);
+  }
+};
+
+
+
+// Marionette.View
+// ---------------
+
+// The core view type that other Marionette views extend from.
+Marionette.View = Backbone.View.extend({
+
+  constructor: function(options){
+    _.bindAll(this, "render");
+
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+
+    // this exposes view options to the view initializer
+    // this is a backfill since backbone removed the assignment
+    // of this.options
+    // at some point however this may be removed
+    this.options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
+
+    // parses out the @ui DSL for events
+    this.events = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, 'events'));
+    Backbone.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, args);
+
+    Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh(this);
+    this.listenTo(this, "show", this.onShowCalled, this);
+  },
+
+  // import the "triggerMethod" to trigger events with corresponding
+  // methods if the method exists
+  triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,
+
+  // Get the template for this view
+  // instance. You can set a `template` attribute in the view
+  // definition or pass a `template: "whatever"` parameter in
+  // to the constructor options.
+  getTemplate: function(){
+    return Marionette.getOption(this, "template");
+  },
+
+  // Mix in template helper methods. Looks for a
+  // `templateHelpers` attribute, which can either be an
+  // object literal, or a function that returns an object
+  // literal. All methods and attributes from this object
+  // are copies to the object passed in.
+  mixinTemplateHelpers: function(target){
+    target = target || {};
+    var templateHelpers = Marionette.getOption(this, "templateHelpers");
+    if (_.isFunction(templateHelpers)){
+      templateHelpers = templateHelpers.call(this);
+    }
+    return _.extend(target, templateHelpers);
+  },
+
+  // allows for the use of the @ui. syntax within
+  // a given key for triggers and events
+  // swaps the @ui with the associated selector
+  normalizeUIKeys: function(hash) {
+    if (typeof(hash) === "undefined") {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    _.each(_.keys(hash), function(v) {
+      var split = v.split("@ui.");
+      if (split.length === 2) {
+        hash[split[0]+this.ui[split[1]]] = hash[v];
+        delete hash[v];
+      }
+    }, this);
+
+    return hash;
+  },
+
+  // Configure `triggers` to forward DOM events to view
+  // events. `triggers: {"click .foo": "do:foo"}`
+  configureTriggers: function(){
+    if (!this.triggers) { return; }
+
+    var triggerEvents = {};
+
+    // Allow `triggers` to be configured as a function
+    var triggers = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, "triggers"));
+
+    // Configure the triggers, prevent default
+    // action and stop propagation of DOM events
+    _.each(triggers, function(value, key){
+
+      var hasOptions = _.isObject(value);
+      var eventName = hasOptions ? value.event : value;
+
+      // build the event handler function for the DOM event
+      triggerEvents[key] = function(e){
+
+        // stop the event in its tracks
+        if (e) {
+          var prevent = e.preventDefault;
+          var stop = e.stopPropagation;
+
+          var shouldPrevent = hasOptions ? value.preventDefault : prevent;
+          var shouldStop = hasOptions ? value.stopPropagation : stop;
+
+          if (shouldPrevent && prevent) { prevent.apply(e); }
+          if (shouldStop && stop) { stop.apply(e); }
+        }
+
+        // build the args for the event
+        var args = {
+          view: this,
+          model: this.model,
+          collection: this.collection
+        };
+
+        // trigger the event
+        this.triggerMethod(eventName, args);
+      };
+
+    }, this);
+
+    return triggerEvents;
+  },
+
+  // Overriding Backbone.View's delegateEvents to handle
+  // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` configuration
+  delegateEvents: function(events){
+    this._delegateDOMEvents(events);
+    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
+    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
+  },
+
+  // internal method to delegate DOM events and triggers
+  _delegateDOMEvents: function(events){
+    events = events || this.events;
+    if (_.isFunction(events)){ events = events.call(this); }
+
+    var combinedEvents = {};
+    var triggers = this.configureTriggers();
+    _.extend(combinedEvents, events, triggers);
+
+    Backbone.View.prototype.delegateEvents.call(this, combinedEvents);
+  },
+
+  // Overriding Backbone.View's undelegateEvents to handle unbinding
+  // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` config
+  undelegateEvents: function(){
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    Backbone.View.prototype.undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);
+
+    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
+    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
+  },
+
+  // Internal method, handles the `show` event.
+  onShowCalled: function(){},
+
+  // Default `close` implementation, for removing a view from the
+  // DOM and unbinding it. Regions will call this method
+  // for you. You can specify an `onClose` method in your view to
+  // add custom code that is called after the view is closed.
+  close: function(){
+    if (this.isClosed) { return; }
+
+    // allow the close to be stopped by returning `false`
+    // from the `onBeforeClose` method
+    var shouldClose = this.triggerMethod("before:close");
+    if (shouldClose === false){
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // mark as closed before doing the actual close, to
+    // prevent infinite loops within "close" event handlers
+    // that are trying to close other views
+    this.isClosed = true;
+    this.triggerMethod("close");
+
+    // unbind UI elements
+    this.unbindUIElements();
+
+    // remove the view from the DOM
+    this.remove();
+  },
+
+  // This method binds the elements specified in the "ui" hash inside the view's code with
+  // the associated jQuery selectors.
+  bindUIElements: function(){
+    if (!this.ui) { return; }
+
+    // store the ui hash in _uiBindings so they can be reset later
+    // and so re-rendering the view will be able to find the bindings
+    if (!this._uiBindings){
+      this._uiBindings = this.ui;
+    }
+
+    // get the bindings result, as a function or otherwise
+    var bindings = _.result(this, "_uiBindings");
+
+    // empty the ui so we don't have anything to start with
+    this.ui = {};
+
+    // bind each of the selectors
+    _.each(_.keys(bindings), function(key) {
+      var selector = bindings[key];
+      this.ui[key] = this.$(selector);
+    }, this);
+  },
+
+  // This method unbinds the elements specified in the "ui" hash
+  unbindUIElements: function(){
+    if (!this.ui || !this._uiBindings){ return; }
+
+    // delete all of the existing ui bindings
+    _.each(this.ui, function($el, name){
+      delete this.ui[name];
+    }, this);
+
+    // reset the ui element to the original bindings configuration
+    this.ui = this._uiBindings;
+    delete this._uiBindings;
+  }
+});
+
+// Item View
+// ---------
+
+// A single item view implementation that contains code for rendering
+// with underscore.js templates, serializing the view's model or collection,
+// and calling several methods on extended views, such as `onRender`.
+Marionette.ItemView = Marionette.View.extend({
+
+  // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
+  // Marionette.View.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
+  constructor: function(){
+    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+  },
+
+  // Serialize the model or collection for the view. If a model is
+  // found, `.toJSON()` is called. If a collection is found, `.toJSON()`
+  // is also called, but is used to populate an `items` array in the
+  // resulting data. If both are found, defaults to the model.
+  // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
+  // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
+  serializeData: function(){
+    var data = {};
+
+    if (this.model) {
+      data = this.model.toJSON();
+    }
+    else if (this.collection) {
+      data = { items: this.collection.toJSON() };
+    }
+
+    return data;
+  },
+
+  // Render the view, defaulting to underscore.js templates.
+  // You can override this in your view definition to provide
+  // a very specific rendering for your view. In general, though,
+  // you should override the `Marionette.Renderer` object to
+  // change how Marionette renders views.
+  render: function(){
+    this.isClosed = false;
+
+    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
+    this.triggerMethod("item:before:render", this);
+
+    var data = this.serializeData();
+    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
+
+    var template = this.getTemplate();
+    var html = Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
+
+    this.$el.html(html);
+    this.bindUIElements();
+
+    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
+    this.triggerMethod("item:rendered", this);
+
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  // Override the default close event to add a few
+  // more events that are triggered.
+  close: function(){
+    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
+
+    this.triggerMethod('item:before:close');
+
+    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+
+    this.triggerMethod('item:closed');
+  }
+});
+
+// Collection View
+// ---------------
+
+// A view that iterates over a Backbone.Collection
+// and renders an individual ItemView for each model.
+Marionette.CollectionView = Marionette.View.extend({
+  // used as the prefix for item view events
+  // that are forwarded through the collectionview
+  itemViewEventPrefix: "itemview",
+
+  // constructor
+  constructor: function(options){
+    this._initChildViewStorage();
+
+    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+
+    this._initialEvents();
+    this.initRenderBuffer();
+  },
+
+  // Instead of inserting elements one by one into the page,
+  // it's much more performant to insert elements into a document
+  // fragment and then insert that document fragment into the page
+  initRenderBuffer: function() {
+    this.elBuffer  = document.createDocumentFragment();
+  },
+
+  startBuffering: function() {
+    this.initRenderBuffer();
+    this.isBuffering = true;
+  },
+
+  endBuffering: function() {
+    this.appendBuffer(this, this.elBuffer);
+    this.initRenderBuffer();
+    this.isBuffering = false;
+  },
+
+  // Configured the initial events that the collection view
+  // binds to. Override this method to prevent the initial
+  // events, or to add your own initial events.
+  _initialEvents: function(){
+    if (this.collection){
+      this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView, this);
+      this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView, this);
+      this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this.render, this);
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Handle a child item added to the collection
+  addChildView: function(item, collection, options){
+    this.closeEmptyView();
+    var ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
+    var index = this.collection.indexOf(item);
+    this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
+  },
+
+  // Override from `Marionette.View` to guarantee the `onShow` method
+  // of child views is called.
+  onShowCalled: function(){
+    this.children.each(function(child){
+      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, "show");
+    });
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to trigger the before render callbacks
+  // and events
+  triggerBeforeRender: function(){
+    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
+    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:render", this);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to trigger the rendered callbacks and
+  // events
+  triggerRendered: function(){
+    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
+    this.triggerMethod("collection:rendered", this);
+  },
+
+  // Render the collection of items. Override this method to
+  // provide your own implementation of a render function for
+  // the collection view.
+  render: function(){
+    this.isClosed = false;
+    this.triggerBeforeRender();
+    this._renderChildren();
+    this.triggerRendered();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  // Internal method. Separated so that CompositeView can have
+  // more control over events being triggered, around the rendering
+  // process
+  _renderChildren: function(){
+    this.startBuffering();
+
+    this.closeEmptyView();
+    this.closeChildren();
+
+    if (this.collection && this.collection.length > 0) {
+      this.showCollection();
+    } else {
+      this.showEmptyView();
+    }
+
+    this.endBuffering();
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to loop through each item in the
+  // collection view and show it
+  showCollection: function(){
+    var ItemView;
+    this.collection.each(function(item, index){
+      ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
+      this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
+    }, this);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to show an empty view in place of
+  // a collection of item views, when the collection is
+  // empty
+  showEmptyView: function(){
+    var EmptyView = this.getEmptyView();
+
+    if (EmptyView && !this._showingEmptyView){
+      this._showingEmptyView = true;
+      var model = new Backbone.Model();
+      this.addItemView(model, EmptyView, 0);
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to close an existing emptyView instance
+  // if one exists. Called when a collection view has been
+  // rendered empty, and then an item is added to the collection.
+  closeEmptyView: function(){
+    if (this._showingEmptyView){
+      this.closeChildren();
+      delete this._showingEmptyView;
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Retrieve the empty view type
+  getEmptyView: function(){
+    return Marionette.getOption(this, "emptyView");
+  },
+
+  // Retrieve the itemView type, either from `this.options.itemView`
+  // or from the `itemView` in the object definition. The "options"
+  // takes precedence.
+  getItemView: function(item){
+    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView");
+
+    if (!itemView){
+      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
+    }
+
+    return itemView;
+  },
+
+  // Render the child item's view and add it to the
+  // HTML for the collection view.
+  addItemView: function(item, ItemView, index){
+    // get the itemViewOptions if any were specified
+    var itemViewOptions = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewOptions");
+    if (_.isFunction(itemViewOptions)){
+      itemViewOptions = itemViewOptions.call(this, item, index);
+    }
+
+    // build the view
+    var view = this.buildItemView(item, ItemView, itemViewOptions);
+
+    // set up the child view event forwarding
+    this.addChildViewEventForwarding(view);
+
+    // this view is about to be added
+    this.triggerMethod("before:item:added", view);
+
+    // Store the child view itself so we can properly
+    // remove and/or close it later
+    this.children.add(view);
+
+    // Render it and show it
+    this.renderItemView(view, index);
+
+    // call the "show" method if the collection view
+    // has already been shown
+    if (this._isShown){
+      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "show");
+    }
+
+    // this view was added
+    this.triggerMethod("after:item:added", view);
+  },
+
+  // Set up the child view event forwarding. Uses an "itemview:"
+  // prefix in front of all forwarded events.
+  addChildViewEventForwarding: function(view){
+    var prefix = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewEventPrefix");
+
+    // Forward all child item view events through the parent,
+    // prepending "itemview:" to the event name
+    this.listenTo(view, "all", function(){
+      var args = slice(arguments);
+      args[0] = prefix + ":" + args[0];
+      args.splice(1, 0, view);
+
+      Marionette.triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
+    }, this);
+  },
+
+  // render the item view
+  renderItemView: function(view, index) {
+    view.render();
+    this.appendHtml(this, view, index);
+  },
+
+  // Build an `itemView` for every model in the collection.
+  buildItemView: function(item, ItemViewType, itemViewOptions){
+    var options = _.extend({model: item}, itemViewOptions);
+    return new ItemViewType(options);
+  },
+
+  // get the child view by item it holds, and remove it
+  removeItemView: function(item){
+    var view = this.children.findByModel(item);
+    this.removeChildView(view);
+    this.checkEmpty();
+  },
+
+  // Remove the child view and close it
+  removeChildView: function(view){
+
+    // shut down the child view properly,
+    // including events that the collection has from it
+    if (view){
+      this.stopListening(view);
+
+      // call 'close' or 'remove', depending on which is found
+      if (view.close) { view.close(); }
+      else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
+
+      this.children.remove(view);
+    }
+
+    this.triggerMethod("item:removed", view);
+  },
+
+  // helper to show the empty view if the collection is empty
+  checkEmpty: function() {
+    // check if we're empty now, and if we are, show the
+    // empty view
+    if (!this.collection || this.collection.length === 0){
+      this.showEmptyView();
+    }
+  },
+
+  // You might need to override this if you've overridden appendHtml
+  appendBuffer: function(collectionView, buffer) {
+    collectionView.$el.append(buffer);
+  },
+
+  // Append the HTML to the collection's `el`.
+  // Override this method to do something other
+  // then `.append`.
+  appendHtml: function(collectionView, itemView, index){
+    if (collectionView.isBuffering) {
+      // buffering happens on reset events and initial renders
+      // in order to reduce the number of inserts into the
+      // document, which are expensive.
+      collectionView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
+    }
+    else {
+      // If we've already rendered the main collection, just
+      // append the new items directly into the element.
+      collectionView.$el.append(itemView.el);
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to set up the `children` object for
+  // storing all of the child views
+  _initChildViewStorage: function(){
+    this.children = new Backbone.ChildViewContainer();
+  },
+
+  // Handle cleanup and other closing needs for
+  // the collection of views.
+  close: function(){
+    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
+
+    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:close");
+    this.closeChildren();
+    this.triggerMethod("collection:closed");
+
+    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+  },
+
+  // Close the child views that this collection view
+  // is holding on to, if any
+  closeChildren: function(){
+    this.children.each(function(child){
+      this.removeChildView(child);
+    }, this);
+    this.checkEmpty();
+  }
+});
+
+
+// Composite View
+// --------------
+
+// Used for rendering a branch-leaf, hierarchical structure.
+// Extends directly from CollectionView and also renders an
+// an item view as `modelView`, for the top leaf
+Marionette.CompositeView = Marionette.CollectionView.extend({
+
+  // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
+  // Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
+  constructor: function(){
+    Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+  },
+
+  // Configured the initial events that the composite view
+  // binds to. Override this method to prevent the initial
+  // events, or to add your own initial events.
+  _initialEvents: function(){
+
+    // Bind only after composite view in rendered to avoid adding child views
+    // to unexisting itemViewContainer
+    this.once('render', function () {
+      if (this.collection){
+        this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView, this);
+        this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView, this);
+        this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this._renderChildren, this);
+      }
+    });
+
+  },
+
+  // Retrieve the `itemView` to be used when rendering each of
+  // the items in the collection. The default is to return
+  // `this.itemView` or Marionette.CompositeView if no `itemView`
+  // has been defined
+  getItemView: function(item){
+    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView") || this.constructor;
+
+    if (!itemView){
+      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
+    }
+
+    return itemView;
+  },
+
+  // Serialize the collection for the view.
+  // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
+  // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
+  serializeData: function(){
+    var data = {};
+
+    if (this.model){
+      data = this.model.toJSON();
+    }
+
+    return data;
+  },
+
+  // Renders the model once, and the collection once. Calling
+  // this again will tell the model's view to re-render itself
+  // but the collection will not re-render.
+  render: function(){
+    this.isRendered = true;
+    this.isClosed = false;
+    this.resetItemViewContainer();
+
+    this.triggerBeforeRender();
+    var html = this.renderModel();
+    this.$el.html(html);
+    // the ui bindings is done here and not at the end of render since they
+    // will not be available until after the model is rendered, but should be
+    // available before the collection is rendered.
+    this.bindUIElements();
+    this.triggerMethod("composite:model:rendered");
+
+    this._renderChildren();
+
+    this.triggerMethod("composite:rendered");
+    this.triggerRendered();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  _renderChildren: function(){
+    if (this.isRendered){
+      Marionette.CollectionView.prototype._renderChildren.call(this);
+      this.triggerMethod("composite:collection:rendered");
+    }
+  },
+
+  // Render an individual model, if we have one, as
+  // part of a composite view (branch / leaf). For example:
+  // a treeview.
+  renderModel: function(){
+    var data = {};
+    data = this.serializeData();
+    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
+
+    var template = this.getTemplate();
+    return Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
+  },
+
+
+  // You might need to override this if you've overridden appendHtml
+  appendBuffer: function(compositeView, buffer) {
+    var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
+    $container.append(buffer);
+  },
+
+  // Appends the `el` of itemView instances to the specified
+  // `itemViewContainer` (a jQuery selector). Override this method to
+  // provide custom logic of how the child item view instances have their
+  // HTML appended to the composite view instance.
+  appendHtml: function(compositeView, itemView, index){
+    if (compositeView.isBuffering) {
+      compositeView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
+    }
+    else {
+      // If we've already rendered the main collection, just
+      // append the new items directly into the element.
+      var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
+      $container.append(itemView.el);
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  // Internal method to ensure an `$itemViewContainer` exists, for the
+  // `appendHtml` method to use.
+  getItemViewContainer: function(containerView){
+    if ("$itemViewContainer" in containerView){
+      return containerView.$itemViewContainer;
+    }
+
+    var container;
+    var itemViewContainer = Marionette.getOption(containerView, "itemViewContainer");
+    if (itemViewContainer){
+
+      var selector = _.isFunction(itemViewContainer) ? itemViewContainer() : itemViewContainer;
+      container = containerView.$(selector);
+      if (container.length <= 0) {
+        throwError("The specified `itemViewContainer` was not found: " + containerView.itemViewContainer, "ItemViewContainerMissingError");
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      container = containerView.$el;
+    }
+
+    containerView.$itemViewContainer = container;
+    return container;
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to reset the `$itemViewContainer` on render
+  resetItemViewContainer: function(){
+    if (this.$itemViewContainer){
+      delete this.$itemViewContainer;
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+
+// Layout
+// ------
+
+// Used for managing application layouts, nested layouts and
+// multiple regions within an application or sub-application.
+//
+// A specialized view type that renders an area of HTML and then
+// attaches `Region` instances to the specified `regions`.
+// Used for composite view management and sub-application areas.
+Marionette.Layout = Marionette.ItemView.extend({
+  regionType: Marionette.Region,
+
+  // Ensure the regions are available when the `initialize` method
+  // is called.
+  constructor: function (options) {
+    options = options || {};
+
+    this._firstRender = true;
+    this._initializeRegions(options);
+
+    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
+  },
+
+  // Layout's render will use the existing region objects the
+  // first time it is called. Subsequent calls will close the
+  // views that the regions are showing and then reset the `el`
+  // for the regions to the newly rendered DOM elements.
+  render: function(){
+
+    if (this.isClosed){
+      // a previously closed layout means we need to
+      // completely re-initialize the regions
+      this._initializeRegions();
+    }
+    if (this._firstRender) {
+      // if this is the first render, don't do anything to
+      // reset the regions
+      this._firstRender = false;
+    } else if (!this.isClosed){
+      // If this is not the first render call, then we need to
+      // re-initializing the `el` for each region
+      this._reInitializeRegions();
+    }
+
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+    var result = Marionette.ItemView.prototype.render.apply(this, args);
+
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  // Handle closing regions, and then close the view itself.
+  close: function () {
+    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
+    this.regionManager.close();
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.close.apply(this, args);
+  },
+
+  // Add a single region, by name, to the layout
+  addRegion: function(name, definition){
+    var regions = {};
+    regions[name] = definition;
+    return this._buildRegions(regions)[name];
+  },
+
+  // Add multiple regions as a {name: definition, name2: def2} object literal
+  addRegions: function(regions){
+    this.regions = _.extend({}, this.regions, regions);
+    return this._buildRegions(regions);
+  },
+
+  // Remove a single region from the Layout, by name
+  removeRegion: function(name){
+    delete this.regions[name];
+    return this.regionManager.removeRegion(name);
+  },
+
+  // internal method to build regions
+  _buildRegions: function(regions){
+    var that = this;
+
+    var defaults = {
+      regionType: Marionette.getOption(this, "regionType"),
+      parentEl: function(){ return that.$el; }
+    };
+
+    return this.regionManager.addRegions(regions, defaults);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to initialize the regions that have been defined in a
+  // `regions` attribute on this layout.
+  _initializeRegions: function (options) {
+    var regions;
+    this._initRegionManager();
+
+    if (_.isFunction(this.regions)) {
+      regions = this.regions(options);
+    } else {
+      regions = this.regions || {};
+    }
+
+    this.addRegions(regions);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to re-initialize all of the regions by updating the `el` that
+  // they point to
+  _reInitializeRegions: function(){
+    this.regionManager.closeRegions();
+    this.regionManager.each(function(region){
+      region.reset();
+    });
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to initialize the region manager
+  // and all regions in it
+  _initRegionManager: function(){
+    this.regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();
+
+    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
+      this[name] = region;
+      this.trigger("region:add", name, region);
+    });
+
+    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
+      delete this[name];
+      this.trigger("region:remove", name, region);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+
+// AppRouter
+// ---------
+
+// Reduce the boilerplate code of handling route events
+// and then calling a single method on another object.
+// Have your routers configured to call the method on
+// your object, directly.
+//
+// Configure an AppRouter with `appRoutes`.
+//
+// App routers can only take one `controller` object. 
+// It is recommended that you divide your controller
+// objects in to smaller pieces of related functionality
+// and have multiple routers / controllers, instead of
+// just one giant router and controller.
+//
+// You can also add standard routes to an AppRouter.
+
+Marionette.AppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
+
+  constructor: function(options){
+    Backbone.Router.prototype.constructor.apply(this, slice(arguments));
+	
+    this.options = options || {};
+
+    var appRoutes = Marionette.getOption(this, "appRoutes");
+    var controller = this._getController();
+    this.processAppRoutes(controller, appRoutes);
+  },
+
+  // Similar to route method on a Backbone Router but
+  // method is called on the controller
+  appRoute: function(route, methodName) {
+    var controller = this._getController();
+    this._addAppRoute(controller, route, methodName);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to process the `appRoutes` for the
+  // router, and turn them in to routes that trigger the
+  // specified method on the specified `controller`.
+  processAppRoutes: function(controller, appRoutes) {
+    if (!appRoutes){ return; }
+
+    var routeNames = _.keys(appRoutes).reverse(); // Backbone requires reverted order of routes
+
+    _.each(routeNames, function(route) {
+      this._addAppRoute(controller, route, appRoutes[route]);
+    }, this);
+  },
+
+  _getController: function(){
+    return Marionette.getOption(this, "controller");
+  },
+
+  _addAppRoute: function(controller, route, methodName){
+    var method = controller[methodName];
+
+    if (!method) {
+      throw new Error("Method '" + methodName + "' was not found on the controller");
+    }
+
+    this.route(route, methodName, _.bind(method, controller));
+  }
+});
+
+
+// Application
+// -----------
+
+// Contain and manage the composite application as a whole.
+// Stores and starts up `Region` objects, includes an
+// event aggregator as `app.vent`
+Marionette.Application = function(options){
+  this._initRegionManager();
+  this._initCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
+  this.vent = new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
+  this.commands = new Backbone.Wreqr.Commands();
+  this.reqres = new Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse();
+  this.submodules = {};
+
+  _.extend(this, options);
+
+  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
+};
+
+_.extend(Marionette.Application.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+  // Command execution, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.Commands
+  execute: function(){
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+    this.commands.execute.apply(this.commands, args);
+  },
+
+  // Request/response, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse
+  request: function(){
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
+    return this.reqres.request.apply(this.reqres, args);
+  },
+
+  // Add an initializer that is either run at when the `start`
+  // method is called, or run immediately if added after `start`
+  // has already been called.
+  addInitializer: function(initializer){
+    this._initCallbacks.add(initializer);
+  },
+
+  // kick off all of the application's processes.
+  // initializes all of the regions that have been added
+  // to the app, and runs all of the initializer functions
+  start: function(options){
+    this.triggerMethod("initialize:before", options);
+    this._initCallbacks.run(options, this);
+    this.triggerMethod("initialize:after", options);
+
+    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
+  },
+
+  // Add regions to your app.
+  // Accepts a hash of named strings or Region objects
+  // addRegions({something: "#someRegion"})
+  // addRegions({something: Region.extend({el: "#someRegion"}) });
+  addRegions: function(regions){
+    return this._regionManager.addRegions(regions);
+  },
+
+  // Close all regions in the app, without removing them
+  closeRegions: function(){
+    this._regionManager.closeRegions();
+  },
+
+  // Removes a region from your app, by name
+  // Accepts the regions name
+  // removeRegion('myRegion')
+  removeRegion: function(region) {
+    this._regionManager.removeRegion(region);
+  },
+
+  // Provides alternative access to regions
+  // Accepts the region name
+  // getRegion('main')
+  getRegion: function(region) {
+    return this._regionManager.get(region);
+  },
+
+  // Create a module, attached to the application
+  module: function(moduleNames, moduleDefinition){
+    // slice the args, and add this application object as the
+    // first argument of the array
+    var args = slice(arguments);
+    args.unshift(this);
+
+    // see the Marionette.Module object for more information
+    return Marionette.Module.create.apply(Marionette.Module, args);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method to set up the region manager
+  _initRegionManager: function(){
+    this._regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();
+
+    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
+      this[name] = region;
+    });
+
+    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
+      delete this[name];
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+// Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
+Marionette.Application.extend = Marionette.extend;
+
+// Module
+// ------
+
+// A simple module system, used to create privacy and encapsulation in
+// Marionette applications
+Marionette.Module = function(moduleName, app){
+  this.moduleName = moduleName;
+
+  // store sub-modules
+  this.submodules = {};
+
+  this._setupInitializersAndFinalizers();
+
+  // store the configuration for this module
+  this.app = app;
+  this.startWithParent = true;
+
+  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
+};
+
+// Extend the Module prototype with events / listenTo, so that the module
+// can be used as an event aggregator or pub/sub.
+_.extend(Marionette.Module.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+  // Initializer for a specific module. Initializers are run when the
+  // module's `start` method is called.
+  addInitializer: function(callback){
+    this._initializerCallbacks.add(callback);
+  },
+
+  // Finalizers are run when a module is stopped. They are used to teardown
+  // and finalize any variables, references, events and other code that the
+  // module had set up.
+  addFinalizer: function(callback){
+    this._finalizerCallbacks.add(callback);
+  },
+
+  // Start the module, and run all of its initializers
+  start: function(options){
+    // Prevent re-starting a module that is already started
+    if (this._isInitialized){ return; }
+
+    // start the sub-modules (depth-first hierarchy)
+    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){
+      // check to see if we should start the sub-module with this parent
+      if (mod.startWithParent){
+        mod.start(options);
+      }
+    });
+
+    // run the callbacks to "start" the current module
+    this.triggerMethod("before:start", options);
+
+    this._initializerCallbacks.run(options, this);
+    this._isInitialized = true;
+
+    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
+  },
+
+  // Stop this module by running its finalizers and then stop all of
+  // the sub-modules for this module
+  stop: function(){
+    // if we are not initialized, don't bother finalizing
+    if (!this._isInitialized){ return; }
+    this._isInitialized = false;
+
+    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "before:stop");
+
+    // stop the sub-modules; depth-first, to make sure the
+    // sub-modules are stopped / finalized before parents
+    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){ mod.stop(); });
+
+    // run the finalizers
+    this._finalizerCallbacks.run(undefined,this);
+
+    // reset the initializers and finalizers
+    this._initializerCallbacks.reset();
+    this._finalizerCallbacks.reset();
+
+    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "stop");
+  },
+
+  // Configure the module with a definition function and any custom args
+  // that are to be passed in to the definition function
+  addDefinition: function(moduleDefinition, customArgs){
+    this._runModuleDefinition(moduleDefinition, customArgs);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method: run the module definition function with the correct
+  // arguments
+  _runModuleDefinition: function(definition, customArgs){
+    if (!definition){ return; }
+
+    // build the correct list of arguments for the module definition
+    var args = _.flatten([
+      this,
+      this.app,
+      Backbone,
+      Marionette,
+      Marionette.$, _,
+      customArgs
+    ]);
+
+    definition.apply(this, args);
+  },
+
+  // Internal method: set up new copies of initializers and finalizers.
+  // Calling this method will wipe out all existing initializers and
+  // finalizers.
+  _setupInitializersAndFinalizers: function(){
+    this._initializerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
+    this._finalizerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
+  }
+});
+
+// Type methods to create modules
+_.extend(Marionette.Module, {
+
+  // Create a module, hanging off the app parameter as the parent object.
+  create: function(app, moduleNames, moduleDefinition){
+    var module = app;
+
+    // get the custom args passed in after the module definition and
+    // get rid of the module name and definition function
+    var customArgs = slice(arguments);
+    customArgs.splice(0, 3);
+
+    // split the module names and get the length
+    moduleNames = moduleNames.split(".");
+    var length = moduleNames.length;
+
+    // store the module definition for the last module in the chain
+    var moduleDefinitions = [];
+    moduleDefinitions[length-1] = moduleDefinition;
+
+    // Loop through all the parts of the module definition
+    _.each(moduleNames, function(moduleName, i){
+      var parentModule = module;
+      module = this._getModule(parentModule, moduleName, app);
+      this._addModuleDefinition(parentModule, module, moduleDefinitions[i], customArgs);
+    }, this);
+
+    // Return the last module in the definition chain
+    return module;
+  },
+
+  _getModule: function(parentModule, moduleName, app, def, args){
+    // Get an existing module of this name if we have one
+    var module = parentModule[moduleName];
+
+    if (!module){
+      // Create a new module if we don't have one
+      module = new Marionette.Module(moduleName, app);
+      parentModule[moduleName] = module;
+      // store the module on the parent
+      parentModule.submodules[moduleName] = module;
+    }
+
+    return module;
+  },
+
+  _addModuleDefinition: function(parentModule, module, def, args){
+    var fn;
+    var startWithParent;
+
+    if (_.isFunction(def)){
+      // if a function is supplied for the module definition
+      fn = def;
+      startWithParent = true;
+
+    } else if (_.isObject(def)){
+      // if an object is supplied
+      fn = def.define;
+      startWithParent = def.startWithParent;
+
+    } else {
+      // if nothing is supplied
+      startWithParent = true;
+    }
+
+    // add module definition if needed
+    if (fn){
+      module.addDefinition(fn, args);
+    }
+
+    // `and` the two together, ensuring a single `false` will prevent it
+    // from starting with the parent
+    module.startWithParent = module.startWithParent && startWithParent;
+
+    // setup auto-start if needed
+    if (module.startWithParent && !module.startWithParentIsConfigured){
+
+      // only configure this once
+      module.startWithParentIsConfigured = true;
+
+      // add the module initializer config
+      parentModule.addInitializer(function(options){
+        if (module.startWithParent){
+          module.start(options);
+        }
+      });
+
+    }
+
+  }
+});
+
+
+
+  return Marionette;
+})(this, Backbone, _);
+
+/*!
+ * Tableling v0.0.22
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Simon Oulevay (Alpha Hydrae) <hydrae.alpha@gmail.com>
+ * Distributed under MIT license
+ * https://github.com/AlphaHydrae/tableling
+ */
+Backbone.Tableling = Tableling = (function(Backbone, _, $){
+
+  var Tableling = {
+    version : "0.0.22"
+  };
+
+  // Tableling
+  // ---------
+  //
+  // A tableling table is a Marionette layout which fetches data
+  // from a Backbone collection. It is controlled with an EventAggregator.
+  Tableling.Table = Backbone.Marionette.Layout.extend({
+  
+    className: 'tableling',
+  
+    // Default table options can be overriden by subclasses.
+    config : {
+      page : 1
+    },
+  
+    initialize : function(options) {
+      options = options || {};
+  
+      this.collection = options.collection;
+  
+      // Table options can also be overriden for each instance at construction.
+      this.config = _.extend(_.clone(this.config || {}), _.result(options, 'config') || {});
+  
+      // We use an event aggregator to manage the layout and its components.
+      // You can use your own by passing a `vent` option.
+      this.vent = options.vent || new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
+  
+      this.fetchOptions = _.extend(_.clone(this.fetchOptions || {}), _.result(options, 'fetchOptions') || {});
+      this.autoUpdate = typeof(options.autoUpdate) != 'undefined' ? options.autoUpdate : true;
+  
+      // Components should trigger the `table:update` event to update
+      // the table (e.g. change page size, sort) and fetch the new data.
+      this.vent.on('table:update', this.onUpdate, this);
+  
+      this.on('item:rendered', this.setup, this);
+    },
+  
+    // Called once rendering is complete. By default, it updates the table.
+    setup : function() {
+      this.ventTrigger('table:setup', this.config);
+      if (this.autoUpdate) {
+        this.ventTrigger('table:update');
+      }
+    },
+  
+    // Subclasses must return the Backbone.Collection used to fetch data.
+    getCollection : function() {
+      return this.collection;
+    },
+  
+    // ### Refreshing the table
+    update : function(config, options) {
+      this.ventTrigger('table:update', config, options);
+    },
+  
+    onUpdate : function(config, options) {
+  
+      _.each(config || {}, _.bind(this.updateValue, this));
+  
+      // Set the `refresh` option to false to update the table configuration
+      // without refreshing.
+      if (!options || typeof(options.refresh) == 'undefined' || options.refresh) {
+        this.refresh();
+      }
+    },
+  
+    updateValue : function(value, key) {
+      if (value && value.toString().length) {
+        this.config[key] = value;
+      } else {
+        // Blank values are deleted to avoid sending them in ajax requests.
+        delete this.config[key];
+      }
+    },
+  
+    refresh : function() {
+  
+      // You can provide `fetchOptions` to add properties to the
+      // fetch request.
+      //
+      //     var MyTable = Tableling.Table.extend({
+      //       fetchOptions : {
+      //         type : 'POST' // fetch data with POST
+      //       }
+      //     });
+      //
+      //     // You can also override for each instance.
+      //     new MyTable({
+      //       fetchOptions : {
+      //         type : 'GET'
+      //       }
+      //     });
+      var options = _.clone(this.fetchOptions);
+      options.data = this.requestData();
+      options.success = _.bind(this.processResponse, this);
+  
+      // `table:refreshing` is triggered every time new data is being fetched.
+      // The first argument is the request data.
+      this.ventTrigger('table:refreshing', options.data);
+  
+      this.getCollection().fetch(options);
+    },
+  
+    // ### Request
+    requestData : function() {
+      return this.config;
+    },
+  
+    // ### Response
+    processResponse : function(collection, response) {
+  
+      this.config.length = collection.length;
+  
+      // Tableling expects the response from a fetch to have a `total` property
+      // which is the total number of items (not just in the current page).
+      this.config.total = response.total;
+  
+      // The server may override the `page` property, for example if the
+      // requested page was outside the range of available pages.
+      if (response.page) {
+        this.config.page = response.page;
+      }
+  
+      // `tableling:refreshed` is triggered after every refresh. The first argument
+      // is the current table configuration with the following additional meta data:
+      //
+      // * `total` - the total number of items
+      // * `length` - the number of items in the current page
+      this.ventTrigger('table:refreshed', this.config);
+    },
+  
+    // Triggers an event in the event aggregator. If `Tableling.debug` is set, it also
+    // logs the event and its arguments.
+    ventTrigger : function() {
+  
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+      if (Tableling.debug) {
+        console.log(_.first(args) + ' - ' + JSON.stringify(args.slice(1)));
+      }
+  
+      this.vent.trigger.apply(this.vent, args);
+    }
+  });
+  
+  // Tableling.Collection
+  // --------------------
+  //
+  // Tableling expects fetch responses to have a `total` property in addition
+  // to the model data. You can extend this Backbone.Collection subclass which
+  // expects the following response format:
+  //
+  //     {
+  //       "total": 12,
+  //       "data": [
+  //         { /* ... model data ... */ },
+  //         { /* ... model data ... */ }
+  //       ]
+  //     }
+  Tableling.Collection = Backbone.Collection.extend({
+  
+    parse : function(response) {
+      return response.data;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  // Implementations
+  // ---------------
+  //
+  // <a href="tableling.bootstrap.html">tableling.bootstrap</a> provides views styled
+  // with [Twitter Bootstrap](http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/) classes.
+  
+  // Tableling.Modular
+  // -----------------
+  //
+  // Tableling subclass which splits functionality into *modules*
+  // and handles rendering.
+  Tableling.Modular = Tableling.Table.extend({
+  
+    // The list of module names must be specified by subclasses.
+    modules : [],
+  
+    // Modules are set up after rendering, before refreshing.
+    setup : function() {
+  
+      this.moduleViews = {};
+      _.each(this.modules, _.bind(this.setupModule, this));
+  
+      Tableling.Table.prototype.setup.call(this);
+    },
+  
+    // ### Modules
+    // Each module is identified by a name, for example `pageSize`.
+    setupModule : function(name) {
+  
+      // The layout must have a region named after the module, e.g. `pageSizeRegion`.
+      var region = name + 'Region';
+  
+      // It must have a view class, e.g. `pageSizeView`, which will be shown into
+      // the region.
+      var viewClass = this[name + 'View'];
+  
+      // When instantiated, the view class will be passed the event
+      // aggregator as the `vent` option. Additional options can be
+      // given named after the view class, e.g. `pageSizeViewOptions`.
+      var options = _.extend(this.getModuleOptions(name), { vent: this.vent });
+  
+      var view = new viewClass(options);
+  
+      // Module view instances are stored by name in the `moduleViews` property
+      // for future reference.
+      this.moduleViews[name] = view;
+  
+      this[region].show(view);
+      return view;
+    },
+  
+    // By default the collection is the one given at construction.
+    // Otherwise, a modular table expects a `table` module which
+    // should have a collection (e.g. a Marionette CompositeView or
+    // CollectionView). If your subclass does not have either, it
+    // should override this method to return the Backbone.Collection
+    // used to fetch table data.
+    getCollection : function() {
+      return this.collection || (this.moduleViews && this.moduleViews.table ? this.moduleViews.table.collection : undefined);
+    },
+  
+    getModuleOptions : function(name) {
+      var options = this[name + 'ViewOptions'] || {};
+      options = typeof(options) == 'function' ? options.call(this) : options;
+      return name == 'table' ? _.defaults(options, { collection : this.collection }) : options;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  // ### Example
+  // This is how a `PageSizeView` module might be registered in a subclass:
+  //
+  //     var MyTable = Tableling.Modular.extend({
+  //
+  //       modules : [ 'pageSize' ],
+  //
+  //       pageSizeView : PageSizeView,
+  //       pageSizeViewOptions : {
+  //         itemView : PageSizeItem
+  //       },
+  //
+  //       regions : {
+  //         pageSizeRegion : '.pageSize'
+  //       }
+  //     });
+  
+  // Tableling.Module
+  // ----------------
+  //
+  // A module is an item view that is automatically bound to the table's
+  // event aggregator.
+  Tableling.Module = Backbone.Marionette.ItemView.extend({
+  
+    i18n : {},
+    templateHelpers : function() {
+      return this.i18n;
+    },
+  
+    initialize : function(options) {
+  
+      this.vent = options.vent;
+  
+      // The `setup` method of the view is called when the table
+      // is first set up.
+      this.vent.on('table:setup', this.setup, this);
+  
+      // The `refresh` method of the view is called every time the table
+      // is refreshed.
+      this.vent.on('table:refreshed', this.refresh, this);
+  
+      this.i18n = _.clone(options.i18n || this.i18n);
+    },
+  
+    // Call `update` to trigger an update of the table.
+    update : function() {
+      this.vent.trigger('table:update', this.config());
+    },
+  
+    // Implementations should override this to set initial values.
+    setup : function(config) {
+    },
+  
+    // Implementations should override this to stay up to date with
+    // the table state.
+    refresh : function(config) {
+    },
+  
+    // New table configuration to be sent on updates. For example,
+    // a page size view might update the `pageSize` property.
+    config : function() {
+      return {};
+    }
+  });
+  
+  // Tableling.FieldModule
+  // ---------------------
+  //
+  // A basic module with a single form field. It comes with sensible
+  // defaults and only requires a `name` and a `template` parameter.
+  Tableling.FieldModule = Tableling.Module.extend({
+  
+    // TODO: check name
+  
+    initialize : function(options) {
+  
+      Tableling.Module.prototype.initialize.call(this, options);
+  
+      if (!this.ui) {
+        this.ui = {};
+      }
+      // The name attribute of the form field is the same as the
+      // module's, e.g. `pageSize`.
+      this.ui.field = '[name="' + this.name + '"]';
+  
+      if (!this.events) {
+        this.events = {};
+      }
+      this.events['change [name="' + this.name + '"]'] = 'update';
+    },
+  
+    setup : function(config) {
+      this.setupValue(config[this.name]);
+      this.vent.trigger('table:update', this.config(), { refresh : false });
+    },
+  
+    setupValue : function(value) {
+      this.ui.field.val(value);
+    },
+  
+    // The table property updated is the one with the same name as the module.
+    config : function() {
+      var config = {};
+      config[this.name] = this.ui.field.val();
+      return config;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  // This is how a `PageSizeView` module might be implemented:
+  //
+  //     var html = '<input type="text" name="pageSize" />';
+  //
+  //     var PageSizeView = Tableling.FieldModule.extend({
+  //         name : 'pageSize'
+  //         template : _.template(html)
+  //     });
+  //
+  // When the value of the input field changes, the event aggregator will
+  // receive a `tableling:update` event with the `pageSize` property set
+  // to that value.
+  
+  Tableling.Plain = {};
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.Table = Tableling.Modular.extend({
+  
+    className: 'tableling',
+    modules : [ 'table', 'pageSize', 'quickSearch', 'info', 'page' ],
+    template : _.template('<div class="header"><div class="pageSize" /><div class="quickSearch" /></div><div class="table" /><div class="footer"><div class="info" /><div class="page" /></div>'),
+  
+    regions : {
+      tableRegion : '.table',
+      pageSizeRegion : '.pageSize',
+      quickSearchRegion : '.quickSearch',
+      infoRegion : '.info',
+      pageRegion : '.page'
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.TableView = Backbone.Marionette.CompositeView.extend({
+  
+    events : {
+      'click thead th.sorting' : 'updateSort',
+      'click thead th.sorting-asc' : 'updateSort',
+      'click thead th.sorting-desc' : 'updateSort'
+    },
+  
+    initialize : function(options) {
+      // TODO: add auto-sort
+      this.vent = options.vent;
+      this.sort = [];
+      this.vent.on('table:setup', this.setSort, this);
+      this.vent.on('table:refreshed', this.setSort, this);
+    },
+  
+    updateSort : function(ev) {
+  
+      var el = $(ev.currentTarget);
+      if (!(el.hasClass('sorting') || el.hasClass('sorting-asc') || el.hasClass('sorting-desc'))) {
+        return;
+      }
+  
+      var field = this.fieldName(el);
+  
+      if (ev.shiftKey || this.sort.length == 1) {
+  
+        var index = -1;
+        _.find(this.sort, function(item, i) {
+          if (item.split(' ')[0] == field) {
+            index = i;
+          }
+        });
+  
+        if (index >= 0) {
+  
+          var parts = this.sort[index].split(' ');
+          this.sort[index] = parts[0] + ' ' + (parts[1] == 'asc' ? 'desc' : 'asc');
+          this.showSort();
+          return this.vent.trigger('table:update', this.config());
+        }
+      }
+  
+      if (!ev.shiftKey) {
+        this.sort.length = 0;
+      }
+  
+      this.sort.push(field + ' asc');
+  
+      this.showSort();
+  
+      this.vent.trigger('table:update', this.config());
+    },
+  
+    setSort : function(config) {
+      if (config && config.sort) {
+        this.sort = config.sort.slice(0);
+        this.showSort();
+      }
+    },
+  
+    showSort : function() {
+  
+      this.$el.find('thead th.sorting, thead th.sorting-asc, thead th.sorting-desc').removeClass('sorting sorting-asc sorting-desc').addClass('sorting');
+  
+      for (var i = 0; i < this.sort.length; i++) {
+  
+        var parts = this.sort[i].split(' ');
+        var name = parts[0];
+        var direction = parts[1];
+        
+        field = this.$el.find('thead [data-field="' + name + '"]');
+        if (!field.length) {
+          field = this.$el.find('thead th:contains("' + name + '")');
+        }
+  
+        if (field.length) {
+          field.removeClass('sorting').addClass(direction == 'desc' ? 'sorting-desc' : 'sorting-asc');
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  
+    config : function() {
+      return {
+        page : 1,
+        sort : this.sortConfig()
+      };
+    },
+  
+    sortConfig : function() {
+      return this.sort.length ? this.sort : null;
+    },
+  
+    fieldName : function(el) {
+      return el.data('field') || el.text();
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.PageSizeView = Tableling.Plain.Table.prototype.pageSizeView = Tableling.FieldModule.extend({
+  
+    // TODO: update current page intelligently
+    name : 'pageSize',
+    template : function(data) {
+      return _.template('<select name="pageSize" /> <%- entries %>', data);
+    },
+  
+    i18n : {
+      entries : 'entries per page'
+    },
+    sizes : [ 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 ],
+  
+    ui : {
+      field : 'select'
+    },
+  
+    initialize : function(options) {
+      Tableling.FieldModule.prototype.initialize.call(this, options);
+      this.sizes = _.clone(options.sizes || this.sizes);
+    },
+  
+    onRender : function() {
+      this.ui.field.empty();
+      _.each(this.sizes, _.bind(this.addSize, this));
+    },
+  
+    addSize : function(size) {
+      $('<option />').text(size).appendTo(this.ui.field);
+    },
+  
+    setupValue : function(value) {
+      if (value) {
+        Tableling.FieldModule.prototype.setupValue.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments));
+      }
+    },
+  
+    config : function() {
+      var config = Tableling.FieldModule.prototype.config.call(this);
+      config.page = 1;
+      return config;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.QuickSearchView = Tableling.Plain.Table.prototype.quickSearchView = Tableling.FieldModule.extend({
+  
+    name : 'quickSearch',
+    template : function(data) {
+      return _.template('<input type="text" name="quickSearch" placeholder="<%- quickSearch %>" />', data);
+    },
+  
+    i18n : {
+      quickSearch : 'Quick search...'
+    },
+  
+    config : function() {
+      var config = Tableling.FieldModule.prototype.config.call(this);
+      config.page = 1;
+      return config;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.InfoView = Tableling.Plain.Table.prototype.infoView = Tableling.Module.extend({
+  
+    template : function(data) {
+      return _.template(data.template, {
+        first : '<span class="first">0</span>',
+        last : '<span class="last">0</span>',
+        total : '<span class="total">0</span>'
+      });
+    },
+  
+    i18n : {
+      template : 'Showing <%= first %> to <%= last %> of <%= total %> entries'
+    },
+  
+    ui : {
+      first: '.first',
+      last: '.last',
+      total: '.total'
+    },
+  
+    refresh : function(data) {
+      if (data) {
+        this.ui.first.text(this.firstRecord(data));
+        this.ui.last.text(this.lastRecord(data));
+        this.ui.total.text(data.total);
+      }
+    },
+  
+    firstRecord : function(data) {
+      return data.length ? ((data.page || 1) - 1) * data.pageSize + 1 : 0;
+    },
+  
+    lastRecord : function(data) {
+      return data.length ? this.firstRecord(data) + data.length - 1 : 0;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Plain.PageView = Tableling.Plain.Table.prototype.pageView = Tableling.Module.extend({
+      
+    template : _.template('<div class="pagination"><ul><li class="first"><a href="#">&lt;&lt;</a></li><li class="previous"><a href="#">&lt;</a></li><li class="next"><a href="#">&gt;</a></li><li class="last"><a href="#">&gt;&gt;</a></li></ul></div>'),
+    pageTemplate : _.template('<li class="page"><a href="#"><%- number %></a></li>'),
+  
+    ui : {
+      first : '.first',
+      previous : '.previous',
+      next : '.next',
+      last : '.last'
+    },
+  
+    events : {
+      'click .first:not(.disabled)' : 'goToFirstPage',
+      'click .previous:not(.disabled)' : 'goToPreviousPage',
+      'click .page:not(.disabled)' : 'goToPage',
+      'click .next:not(.disabled)' : 'goToNextPage',
+      'click .last:not(.disabled)' : 'goToLastPage'
+    },
+  
+    refresh : function(data) {
+      this.$el.find('.page').remove();
+      if (!data || !data.length) {
+        this.ui.first.addClass('disabled');
+        this.ui.previous.addClass('disabled');
+        this.ui.next.addClass('disabled');
+        this.ui.last.addClass('disabled');
+      } else {
+        this.data = data;
+        this.enable(this.ui.first, this.getPage(data) > 1);
+        this.enable(this.ui.previous, this.getPage(data) > 1);
+        this.setupPages();
+        this.enable(this.ui.next, this.getPage(data) < this.numberOfPages(data));
+        this.enable(this.ui.last, this.getPage(data) < this.numberOfPages(data));
+      }
+    },
+  
+    setupPages : function() {
+  
+      var page = this.getPage(this.data);
+      var total = this.numberOfPages();
+  
+      var first = page - 2;
+      if (total - first < 4) {
+        first = total - 4;
+      }
+  
+      if (first < 1) {
+        first = 1;
+      }
+  
+      var n = 5;
+      if (first + n - 1 > total) {
+        n = total - first + 1;
+      }
+  
+      _.times(n, function(i) {
+        $(this.pageTemplate({ number : first + i })).insertBefore(this.ui.next);
+      }, this);
+  
+      var i = page - first;
+      this.$el.find('.page').slice(i, i + 1).addClass('disabled');
+    },
+  
+    enable : function(el, enabled) {
+      el.removeClass('disabled');
+      if (!enabled) {
+        el.addClass('disabled');
+      }
+    },
+  
+    numberOfPages : function() {
+      return Math.ceil(this.data.total / this.data.pageSize);
+    },
+  
+    goToFirstPage : function(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.goToPageNumber(1);
+    },
+  
+    goToPreviousPage : function(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.goToPageNumber(this.getPage(this.data) - 1);
+    },
+  
+    goToPage : function(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.goToPageNumber(parseInt($(e.target).text(), 10));
+    },
+  
+    goToNextPage : function(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.goToPageNumber(this.getPage(this.data) + 1);
+    },
+  
+    goToLastPage : function(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.goToPageNumber(this.numberOfPages());
+    },
+  
+    goToPageNumber : function(n) {
+      this.vent.trigger('table:update', { page : n });
+    },
+  
+    getPage : function(data) {
+      return data.page || 1;
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap = {};
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.Table = Tableling.Plain.Table.extend({
+    template : _.template('<div class="header"><div class="pageSize pull-left" /><div class="quickSearch pull-right" /></div><div class="table" /><div class="footer"><div class="info pull-left" /><div class="page pull-right" /></div>')
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.TableView = Tableling.Plain.TableView.extend({});
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.PageSizeView = Tableling.Bootstrap.Table.prototype.pageSizeView = Tableling.Plain.PageSizeView.extend({
+  
+    template : function(data) {
+      return _.template('<select name="pageSize" class="input-mini"><option>5</option><option>10</option><option>15</option></select> <%- entries %>', data);
+    }
+  });
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.QuickSearchView = Tableling.Bootstrap.Table.prototype.quickSearchView = Tableling.Plain.QuickSearchView.extend({});
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.InfoView = Tableling.Bootstrap.Table.prototype.infoView = Tableling.Plain.InfoView.extend({});
+  
+  Tableling.Bootstrap.PageView = Tableling.Bootstrap.Table.prototype.pageView = Tableling.Plain.PageView.extend({});
+  
+
+  return Tableling;
+
+})(Backbone, _, $ || window.jQuery || window.Zepto || window.ender);