statsample 0.14.0 → 0.14.1

data/History.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+=== 0.14.1 / 2010-08-18
+
+* Added extra information on $DEBUG=true. 
+* Changed ParallelAnalysis: with_random_data parameters, bootstrap_method options are data and random, resolve bug related to number of factors to preserve, resolved bug related to original eigenvalues, can support failed bootstrap of data for Tetrachoric  correlation. 
+* Optimized eigenpairs on Matrix when GSL is available. 
+* Added test for parallel analysis using data bootstraping
+* Updated .pot and Manifest.txt
+* Added test for kmo(global and univariate), bartlett and anti-image. Kmo and Bartlett have test based on Dziuban and Shirkey with correct results
+* Complete set of test to test if a correlation matrix is appropriate for factor analysis: test of sphericity, KMO and anti-image (see Dziuban and Shirkey, 1974)
+* Updated Parallel Analysis to work on Principal Axis Analysis based on O'Connors formulae
+* Added reference for Statsample::Factor::MAP
+
 === 0.14.0 / 2010-08-16
 * Added Statsample::Factor::MAP, to execute Velicer's (1976) MAP to determine the number of factors to retain on EFA 
 * Bug fix on test suite on Ruby 1.8.7

data/Manifest.txt

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ lib/statsample/resample.rb
 lib/statsample/rserve_extension.rb
 lib/statsample/srs.rb
 lib/statsample/test.rb
+lib/statsample/test/bartlettsphericity.rb
 lib/statsample/test/chisquare.rb
 lib/statsample/test/f.rb
 lib/statsample/test/levene.rb
@@ -100,11 +101,13 @@ po/es/statsample.mo
 po/es/statsample.po
 po/statsample.pot
 setup.rb
+test/fixtures/correlation_matrix.rb
 test/helpers_tests.rb
 test/test_anovaoneway.rb
 test/test_anovatwoway.rb
 test/test_anovatwowaywithdataset.rb
 test/test_anovawithvectors.rb
+test/test_bartlettsphericity.rb
 test/test_bivariate.rb
 test/test_codification.rb
 test/test_combination.rb

data/lib/distribution/chisquare.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module Distribution
             # Returns the integral of Chi-squared distribution 
             # with k degrees of freedom over [0, x]
             # 
-            def cdf(x,k)
+            def cdf(x, k)
                 Statistics2.chi2dist(k.to_i,x)
             end
         end

data/lib/statsample.rb

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ module Statsample
     end
   end
   
-  VERSION = '0.14.0'
+  VERSION = '0.14.1'
   SPLIT_TOKEN = ","
   autoload(:Database, 'statsample/converters')
   autoload(:Anova, 'statsample/anova')

data/lib/statsample/factor.rb

@@ -15,5 +15,79 @@ module Statsample
   #   * Statsample::Factor::Quartimax
   # See documentation of each class to use it
   module Factor
+    # Anti-image covariance matrix.
+    # Useful for inspection of desireability of data for factor analysis.
+    # According to Dziuban  & Shirkey (1974, p.359): 
+    #   "If this matrix does not exhibit many zero off-diagonal elements,
+    #   the investigator has evidence that the correlation
+    #   matrix is not appropriate for factor analysis."
+    # 
+    def self.anti_image_covariance_matrix(matrix)
+      s2=Matrix.diag(*(matrix.inverse.diagonal)).inverse
+      aicm=(s2)*matrix.inverse*(s2)
+      aicm.extend(Statsample::CovariateMatrix)
+      aicm.fields=matrix.fields if matrix.respond_to? :fields
+      aicm
+    end
+    def self.anti_image_correlation_matrix(matrix)
+      s=Matrix.diag(*(matrix.inverse.diagonal)).sqrt.inverse
+      aicm=s*matrix.inverse*s
+      aicm.extend(Statsample::CovariateMatrix)
+      aicm.fields=matrix.fields if matrix.respond_to? :fields
+      aicm
+      
+    end
+      
+    # Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for correlation matrix.
+    # 
+    # Kaiser's (1974, cited on Dziuban  & Shirkey, 1974) present calibration of the index is as follows :
+    # * .90s—marvelous
+    # * .80s— meritorious
+    # * .70s—middling
+    # * .60s—mediocre
+    # * .50s—miserable
+    # * .50 •—unacceptable
+    def self.kmo(matrix)
+      q=anti_image_correlation_matrix(matrix)
+      n=matrix.row_size
+      sum_r,sum_q=0,0
+      n.times do |j|
+        n.times do |k|
+          if j!=k
+            sum_r+=matrix[j,k]**2
+            sum_q+=q[j,k]**2
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      sum_r.quo(sum_r+sum_q)
+    end
+    # Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for one variable.
+    # 
+    def self.kmo_univariate(matrix, var)
+      if var.is_a? String
+        if matrix.respond_to? :fields
+          j=matrix.fields.index(var)
+          raise "Matrix doesn't have field #{var}" if j.nil?
+        else
+          raise "Matrix doesn't respond to fields"
+        end
+      else
+        j=var
+      end
+      
+      q=anti_image_correlation_matrix(matrix)
+      n=matrix.row_size
+      
+      sum_r,sum_q=0,0
+      
+      n.times do |k|
+        if j!=k
+          sum_r+=matrix[j,k]**2
+          sum_q+=q[j,k]**2
+        end
+      end
+      sum_r.quo(sum_r+sum_q)
+    end
+    
   end
 end

data/lib/statsample/factor/map.rb

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ module Statsample
   # tematic variance." (O'Connor, 2000, p.397).
   # 
   # Current algorithm is loosely based on SPSS O'Connor algorithm
+  # 
+  # == Reference
+  # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
+  #
+
+
 
     class MAP
       include Summarizable
@@ -52,12 +58,13 @@ module Statsample
       end
       def compute
         eigen=@matrix.eigen
-        eigvect,@eigenvalues=eigen[:eigenvectors],eigen[:eigenvalues]
+        eigvect,@eigenvalues=eigen[:eigenvectors], eigen[:eigenvalues]
         loadings=eigvect*(Matrix.diag(*@eigenvalues).sqrt)
         fm=Array.new(@matrix.row_size)
         ncol=@matrix.column_size
         fm[0]=(@matrix.mssq - ncol).quo(ncol*(ncol-1))
         (ncol-1).times do |m|
+          puts "MAP:Eigenvalue #{m+1}" if $DEBUG
           a=loadings[0..(loadings.row_size-1),0..m]
           partcov= @matrix - (a*a.t)
           pc_prediag=partcov.row_size.times.map{|i|

data/lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb

@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@ module Statsample
     # == References:
     # * Hayton, J., Allen, D. & Scarpello, V.(2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. <i>Organizational Research Methods, 7</i> (2), 191-205.
     # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32 (3), 396-402
+    # * Liu, O., & Rijmen, F. (2008). A modified procedure for parallel analysis of ordered categorical data. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 556-562.
+
     class ParallelAnalysis
-      def self.with_random_data(cases,vars,iterations=100,percentil=95)
+      def self.with_random_data(cases,vars,opts=Hash.new)
         require 'ostruct'
         ds=OpenStruct.new
         ds.fields=vars.times.map {|i| "v#{i+1}"}
         ds.cases=cases
-        pa=new(ds,{:bootstrap_method=>:random, :no_data=>true, :iterations=>iterations,:percentil=>percentil})
+        opts=opts.merge({:bootstrap_method=> :random, :no_data=>true})
+        pa=new(ds, opts)
       end
       include DirtyMemoize
       include Summarizable
@@ -36,15 +39,15 @@ module Statsample
       attr_reader :ds
       # Bootstrap method. <tt>:random</tt> used by default
       # * <tt>:random</tt>: uses number of variables and cases for the dataset
-      # * <tt>:raw_data</tt> : sample with replacement from actual data.       
-      # * <tt>:parameter</tt>: uses number of variables and cases, uses mean and standard deviation of each variable
+      # * <tt>:data</tt> : sample with replacement from actual data.       
 
       attr_accessor :bootstrap_method
-      # Factor method.
-      # Could be Statsample::Factor::PCA or Statsample::Factor::PrincipalAxis.
-      # PCA used by default.
-      # Remember to set n_variables when using Principal Axis Analysis.
-      attr_accessor :factor_class
+      # Uses smc on diagonal of matrixes, to perform simulation
+      # of a Principal Axis analysis.
+      # By default, false.
+
+      attr_accessor :smc
+
       # Percentil over bootstrap eigenvalue should be accepted. 95 by default
       attr_accessor :percentil
       # Correlation matrix used with :raw_data . <tt>:correlation_matrix</tt> used by default
@@ -66,9 +69,9 @@ module Statsample
         @n_cases=ds.cases
         opts_default={
           :name=>_("Parallel Analysis"),
-          :iterations=>100,
+          :iterations=>50, # See Liu and Rijmen (2008)
           :bootstrap_method => :random,
-          :factor_class => Statsample::Factor::PCA,
+          :smc=>false,
           :percentil=>95, 
           :debug=>false,
           :no_data=>false,
@@ -82,13 +85,18 @@ module Statsample
       def number_of_factors
         total=0
         ds_eigenvalues.fields.each_with_index do |f,i|
-          total+=1 if (@original[i]>0 and @original[i]>ds_eigenvalues[f].percentil(percentil))
+          if (@original[i]>0 and @original[i]>ds_eigenvalues[f].percentil(percentil))
+            total+=1
+          else
+            break
+          end
         end
         total
       end
       def report_building(g) #:nodoc:
         g.section(:name=>@name) do |s|
           s.text _("Bootstrap Method: %s") % bootstrap_method
+          s.text _("Uses SMC: %s") % (smc ? _("Yes") : _("No"))
           s.text _("Correlation Matrix type : %s") % matrix_method
           s.text _("Number of variables: %d") % @n_variables
           s.text _("Number of cases: %d") % @n_cases
@@ -114,8 +122,8 @@ module Statsample
       end
       # Perform calculation. Shouldn't be called directly for the user
       def compute
-        @original=factor_class.new(Statsample::Bivariate.correlation_matrix(@ds), :m=>@n_variables).eigenvalues.sort.reverse unless no_data
         
+        @original=Statsample::Bivariate.send(matrix_method, @ds).eigenvalues unless no_data        
         @ds_eigenvalues=Statsample::Dataset.new((1..@n_variables).map{|v| "ev_%05d" % v})
         @ds_eigenvalues.fields.each {|f| @ds_eigenvalues[f].type=:scale}
         if bootstrap_method==:parameter or bootstrap_method==:random
@@ -123,29 +131,37 @@ module Statsample
         end
         
         @iterations.times do |i|
-          # Create a dataset of dummy values
-          ds_bootstrap=Statsample::Dataset.new(@ds.fields)
-          @fields.each do |f|
-            if bootstrap_method==:parameter
-              sd=@ds[f].sd
-              mean=@ds[f].mean
-              ds_bootstrap[f]=@n_cases.times.map {|c| rng.gaussian(sd) + mean }.to_scale
-            elsif bootstrap_method==:random
-              ds_bootstrap[f]=@n_cases.times.map {|c| rng.ugaussian()}.to_scale
-            elsif bootstrap_method==:raw_data
-              ds_bootstrap[f]=ds[f].sample_with_replacement(@n_cases).to_scale
+          begin
+            puts "#{@name}: Iteration #{i}" if $DEBUG or debug
+            # Create a dataset of dummy values
+            ds_bootstrap=Statsample::Dataset.new(@ds.fields)
+            @fields.each do |f|
+              if bootstrap_method==:random
+                ds_bootstrap[f]=@n_cases.times.map {|c| rng.ugaussian()}.to_scale
+              elsif bootstrap_method==:data
+                ds_bootstrap[f]=ds[f].sample_with_replacement(@n_cases).to_scale
+              else
+                raise "bootstrap_method doesn't recogniced"
+              end
+            end
+            matrix=Statsample::Bivariate.send(matrix_method, ds_bootstrap)
+            if smc
+                smc_v=matrix.inverse.diagonal.map{|ii| 1-(1.quo(ii))}
+                smc_v.each_with_index do |v,ii| 
+                  matrix[ii,ii]=v
+                end
             end
+            ev=matrix.eigenvalues
+            @ds_eigenvalues.add_case_array(ev)
+          rescue Tetrachoric::RequerimentNotMeet => e
+            puts "Error: #{e}" if $DEBUG
+            redo
           end
-          #pp Statsample::Bivariate.correlation_matrix(ds_bootstrap)
-          fa=factor_class.new(Statsample::Bivariate.send(matrix_method, ds_bootstrap), :m=>@n_variables)
-          ev=fa.eigenvalues.sort.reverse
-          @ds_eigenvalues.add_case_array(ev)
-          puts "iteration #{i}" if $DEBUG or debug
         end
         @ds_eigenvalues.update_valid_data
       end
       dirty_memoize :number_of_factors, :ds_eigenvalues
-      dirty_writer :iterations, :bootstrap_method, :factor_class, :percentil
+      dirty_writer :iterations, :bootstrap_method, :percentil, :smc
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb

@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@ module Factor
     end
   
     def calculate_eigenpairs_ruby
-      @eigenpairs = @matrix.eigenpairs
+      @eigenpairs = @matrix.eigenpairs_ruby
     end
     def calculate_eigenpairs_gsl
       eigval, eigvec= GSL::Eigen.symmv(@matrix.to_gsl)
-        @eigenpairs={}
-        eigval.each_index {|i|
-          @eigenpairs[eigval[i]]=eigvec.get_col(i)
-        }
-        @eigenpairs=@eigenpairs.sort.reverse
+      
+      ep=eigval.size.times.map {|i|
+        [eigval[i], eigvec.get_col(i)]
+      }
+      @eigenpairs=ep.sort{|a,b| a[0]<=>b[0]}.reverse
     end
     
     def report_building(builder) # :nodoc:

data/lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ module Factor
       prev_sum=prev_com.inject(0) {|ac,v| ac+v}
       @iterations=0
       t.times do |i|
+        "#{@name}: Iteration #{i}" if $DEBUG
         @iterations+=1
         prev_com.each_with_index{|v,it|
           work_matrix[it][it]=v
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ module Factor
         com_sum = @communalities.inject(0) {|ac,v| ac+v}
         jump=true
         
-        break if (com_sum-prev_sum).abs<@delta
+        break if (com_sum-prev_sum).abs < @delta
         @communalities.each_with_index do |v2,i2|
           raise "Variable #{i2} with communality > 1" if v2>1.0
         end
@@ -153,12 +154,17 @@ module Factor
     
     def initial_communalities
       if @initial_communalities.nil?
+        
         if @smc
+          # Based on O'Connors(2000)
+          @initial_communalities=@matrix.inverse.diagonal.map{|i| 1-(1.quo(i))}
+=begin
         @initial_communalities=@matrix.column_size.times.collect {|i|
           rxx , rxy = PrincipalAxis.separate_matrices(@matrix,i)
           matrix=(rxy.t*rxx.inverse*rxy)
           matrix[0,0]
         }
+=end
         else
           @initial_communalities=[1.0]*@matrix.column_size
         end

data/lib/statsample/matrix.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,22 @@ class ::Matrix
   def to_matrix
     self
   end
+  alias :eigenpairs_ruby :eigenpairs 
   
+  if Statsample.has_gsl?
+    # Optimize eigenpairs of extendmatrix module using gsl
+    def eigenpairs
+      eigval, eigvec= GSL::Eigen.symmv(self.to_gsl)
+      ep=eigval.size.times.map {|i|
+        [eigval[i], eigvec.get_col(i)]
+      }
+      ep.sort{|a,b| a[0]<=>b[0]}.reverse
+    end
+  end
+  def eigenvalues
+    eigen[:eigenvalues]
+  end
+
   def to_gsl
     out=[]
     self.row_size.times{|i|

data/lib/statsample/test.rb

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ module Statsample
     autoload(:T, 'statsample/test/t')
     autoload(:F, 'statsample/test/f')
     autoload(:ChiSquare, 'statsample/test/chisquare')
+    autoload(:BartlettSphericity, 'statsample/test/bartlettsphericity')
     
     # Returns probability of getting a value lower or higher
     # than sample, using cdf and number of tails.

data/lib/statsample/test/bartlettsphericity.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+module Statsample
+  module Test
+    # == Bartlett's test of Sphericity.
+    # Test the hyphotesis that the sample correlation matrix
+    # comes from a multivariate normal population where variables
+    # are independent. In other words, the population correlation
+    # matrix is the identity matrix.
+    # == Reference
+    # * Dziuban, C., & Shirkey E. (1974). When is a correlation matrix appropriate for factor analysis? Some decision rules. Psychological Bulletin, 81(6), 358-361.
+    class BartlettSphericity
+      include Statsample::Test
+      include Summarizable
+      attr_accessor :name
+      attr_reader :ncases
+      attr_reader :nvars
+      attr_reader :value
+      attr_reader :df
+      # Args
+      # * _matrix_: correlation matrix
+      # * _ncases_: number of cases
+      def initialize(matrix,ncases)
+        @matrix=matrix
+        @ncases=ncases
+        @nvars=@matrix.row_size
+        @name=_("Bartlett's test of sphericity")
+        compute
+      end
+      # Uses SPSS formula.
+      # On Dziuban & Shirkey, the minus between the first and second
+      # statement is a *!!!
+      # 
+      def compute
+        @value=-((@ncases-1)-(2*@nvars+5).quo(6))*Math::log(@matrix.determinant)
+        @df=(@nvars*(@nvars-1)).quo(2)
+      end
+      def probability
+        1-Distribution::ChiSquare.cdf(@value,@df)
+      end
+      def report_building(builder) # :nodoc:
+        builder.text "%s : X(%d) = %0.4f , p = %0.4f" % [@name, @df, @value, probability]
+      end
+      
+    end
+  end
+end

data/po/es/statsample.po

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: statsample 0.13.1\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-08-10 17:00-0400\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-08-10 17:27-0300\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: statsample 0.14.0\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-08-17 18:46-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-08-17 18:50-0300\n"
 "Last-Translator: Claudio Bustos <clbustos@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Desarrollador\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ msgid "Mean and standard deviation"
 msgstr "Promedio y desviación estándar"
 
 #: lib/statsample/test/t.rb:209
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:190
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:163
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:202
 msgid "Variable"
 msgstr "Variable"
 
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ msgid "sd"
 msgstr "de"
 
 #: lib/statsample/test/t.rb:209
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:79
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:100
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:108
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "n"
 
@@ -88,6 +89,10 @@ msgstr "p exacto (Dinneen & Blakesley, 1973):"
 msgid "Levene Test"
 msgstr "Test de Levene"
 
+#: lib/statsample/test/bartlettsphericity.rb:25
+msgid "Bartlett's test of sphericity"
+msgstr "Test de esfericidad de Bartlett"
+
 #: lib/statsample/regression/multiple/baseengine.rb:25
 msgid "Multiple Regression:  %s over %s"
 msgstr "Regresión Múltiple: %s sobre %s"
@@ -269,11 +274,11 @@ msgstr "Dentro de grupos"
 msgid "Descriptives"
 msgstr "Descriptivos"
 
-#: lib/statsample/bivariate/pearson.rb:33
+#: lib/statsample/bivariate/pearson.rb:32
 msgid "Correlation (%s - %s)"
 msgstr "Correlación (%s - %s)"
 
-#: lib/statsample/bivariate/pearson.rb:51
+#: lib/statsample/bivariate/pearson.rb:50
 msgid "%s : r=%0.3f (t:%0.3f, g.l.=%d, p:%0.3f / %s tails)"
 msgstr "%s : r=%0.3f (t:%0.3f, g.l.=%d, p:%0.3f / %s colas)"
 
@@ -281,147 +286,190 @@ msgstr "%s : r=%0.3f (t:%0.3f, g.l.=%d, p:%0.3f / %s colas)"
 msgid "Histogram %s"
 msgstr "Histograma: %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:51
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:70
 msgid "Parallel Analysis"
 msgstr "Análisis Paralelo"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:73
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:93
 msgid "Bootstrap Method: %s"
 msgstr "Método de Remuestreo: %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:74
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:94
+msgid "Uses SMC: %s"
+msgstr "Usa SMC: %s"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:94
+msgid "Yes"
+msgstr "Sí"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:94
+msgid "No"
+msgstr "No"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:95
 msgid "Correlation Matrix type : %s"
 msgstr "Tipo de matriz de correlacion : %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:75
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:96
 msgid "Number of variables: %d"
 msgstr "Número de variables: %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:76
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:97
 msgid "Number of cases: %d"
 msgstr "Número de casos: %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:77
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:98
 msgid "Number of iterations: %d"
 msgstr "Número de iteraciones: %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:78
-msgid "Number or factors to preserve: %d"
-msgstr "Número de factores a preservar: %d"
-
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:79
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:100
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:108
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:90
 msgid "Eigenvalues"
 msgstr "Eigenvalues"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:79
-msgid "data eigenvalue"
-msgstr "eigenvalue de los datos"
-
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:79
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:100
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:108
 msgid "generated eigenvalue"
 msgstr "eigenvalue generado"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:79
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:107
+msgid "Number or factors to preserve: %d"
+msgstr "Número de factores a preservar: %d"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:108
+msgid "data eigenvalue"
+msgstr "eigenvalue de los datos"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb:108
 msgid "preserve?"
 msgstr "¿preservar?"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:51
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:54
+msgid "Velicer's MAP"
+msgstr "PPM de Velicer"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:90
+msgid "Value"
+msgstr "Valor"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:95
+msgid "Velicer's Average Squared Correlations"
+msgstr "Correlaciones Cuadradas Promedio de Velicer "
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:95
+msgid "number of components"
+msgstr "número de componentes"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:95
+msgid "average square correlation"
+msgstr "correlación cuadrada promedio"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:100
+msgid "The smallest average squared correlation is : %0.6f"
+msgstr "La correlación cuadrada promedio más pequeña es: %0.6f"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/map.rb:101
+msgid "The number of components is : %d"
+msgstr "El número de componentes es: %d"
+
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:50
 msgid "Principal Component Analysis"
 msgstr "Análisis de componentes principales"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:118
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:117
 msgid "Component matrix"
 msgstr "Matriz de componentes"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:168
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:188
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:162
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:200
 msgid "Number of factors: %d"
 msgstr "Número de factores: %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:190
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:163
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:202
 msgid "Communalities"
 msgstr "Comunalidades"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:190
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:163
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:202
 msgid "Initial"
 msgstr "Inicial"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:190
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:163
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:202
 msgid "Extraction"
 msgstr "Extracción"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:175
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
 msgid "Total Variance Explained"
 msgstr "Varianza Total Explicada"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:175
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
 msgid "Component"
 msgstr "Componente"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:175
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
 msgid "E.Total"
 msgstr "E. Total"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:175
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
 msgid "%"
 msgstr "%"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:175
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:169
 msgid "Cum. %"
 msgstr "% Acum."
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:179
+#: lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb:173
 msgid "Component %d"
 msgstr "Componente %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:64
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:71
 msgid "Variable %d"
 msgstr "Variable %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:140
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:147
 msgid "Factor Matrix"
 msgstr "Matriz de Factores"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:189
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:201
 msgid "Iterations: %d"
 msgstr "Iteraciones: %d"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:195
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:207
 msgid "Total Variance"
 msgstr "Varianza Total"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:195
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:207
 msgid "Factor"
 msgstr "Factor"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:195
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:207
 msgid "I.E.Total"
 msgstr "E.I. Total"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:195
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:207
 msgid "I.E. %"
 msgstr "E.I. %"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:195
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:207
 msgid "I.E.Cum. %"
 msgstr "E.I. Acum. %"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:196
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:208
 msgid "S.L.Total"
 msgstr "C.C. Total"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:196
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:208
 msgid "S.L. %"
 msgstr "C.C. %"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:196
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:208
 msgid "S.L.Cum. %"
 msgstr "C.C. Acum %"
 
-#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:203
+#: lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb:215
 msgid "Factor %d"
 msgstr "Factor %d"
 
@@ -437,31 +485,31 @@ msgstr "Matriz de componentes rotada"
 msgid "Component transformation matrix"
 msgstr "Matriz de transformación de componentes"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:57
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:58
 msgid "Multiple Scale analysis"
 msgstr "Análisis de múltiples escalas"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:85
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:86
 msgid "Scale %s"
 msgstr "Escala %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:125
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:128
 msgid "Reliability analysis of scales"
 msgstr "Análisis de confiabilidad de escalas"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:131
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:134
 msgid "Correlation matrix for %s"
 msgstr "Matriz de correlaciones para %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:136
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:139
 msgid "PCA for %s"
 msgstr "ACP para %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:141
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:144
 msgid "Principal Axis for %s"
 msgstr "Ejes principales para %s"
 
-#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:147
+#: lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb:150
 msgid "Parallel Analysis for %s"
 msgstr "Análisis Paralelo para %s"
 
@@ -665,8 +713,6 @@ msgstr "Dataset %d"
 msgid "Cases: %d"
 msgstr "Casos: %s"
 
-#~ msgid "Value"
-#~ msgstr "Valor de U"
 #~ msgid "actual"
 #~ msgstr "real"
 #~ msgid "Polychoric correlation"
@@ -695,8 +741,6 @@ msgstr "Casos: %s"
 #~ msgstr "Umbral X: %0.3f"
 #~ msgid "Threshold Y: %0.3f "
 #~ msgstr "Umbral Y:%0.3f"
-#~ msgid "Tetrachoric correlation"
-#~ msgstr "Correlación tetracórica"
 #~ msgid "Factor Analysis: "
 #~ msgstr "Análisis de Factores:"
 #~ msgid "DAB: "