state_machines 0.5.0 → 0.100.4

data/lib/state_machines/machine.rb

@@ -1,328 +1,347 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative 'options_validator'
+require_relative 'machine/class_methods'
+require_relative 'machine/utilities'
+require_relative 'machine/parsing'
+require_relative 'machine/validation'
+require_relative 'machine/helper_generators'
+require_relative 'machine/action_hooks'
+require_relative 'machine/scoping'
+require_relative 'machine/configuration'
+require_relative 'machine/state_methods'
+require_relative 'machine/event_methods'
+require_relative 'machine/callbacks'
+require_relative 'machine/rendering'
+require_relative 'machine/integration'
+require_relative 'machine/async_extensions'
+require_relative 'syntax_validator'
+
 module StateMachines
   # Represents a state machine for a particular attribute.  State machines
   # consist of states, events and a set of transitions that define how the
   # state changes after a particular event is fired.
-  # 
+  #
   # A state machine will not know all of the possible states for an object
   # unless they are referenced *somewhere* in the state machine definition.
   # As a result, any unused states should be defined with the +other_states+
   # or +state+ helper.
-  # 
+  #
   # == Actions
-  # 
+  #
   # When an action is configured for a state machine, it is invoked when an
   # object transitions via an event.  The success of the event becomes
   # dependent on the success of the action.  If the action is successful, then
   # the transitioned state remains persisted.  However, if the action fails
   # (by returning false), the transitioned state will be rolled back.
-  # 
+  #
   # For example,
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     attr_accessor :fail, :saving_state
-  #     
+  #
   #     state_machine :initial => :parked, :action => :save do
   #       event :ignite do
   #         transition :parked => :idling
   #       end
-  #       
+  #
   #       event :park do
   #         transition :idling => :parked
   #       end
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def save
   #       @saving_state = state
   #       fail != true
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new     # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
   #   vehicle.save              # => true
   #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "parked" # The state was "parked" was save was called
-  #   
+  #
   #   # Successful event
   #   vehicle.ignite            # => true
   #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "idling" # The state was "idling" when save was called
   #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
-  #   
+  #
   #   # Failed event
   #   vehicle.fail = true
   #   vehicle.park              # => false
   #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "parked"
   #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
-  # 
+  #
   # As shown, even though the state is set prior to calling the +save+ action
   # on the object, it will be rolled back to the original state if the action
   # fails.  *Note* that this will also be the case if an exception is raised
   # while calling the action.
-  # 
+  #
   # === Indirect transitions
-  # 
+  #
   # In addition to the action being run as the _result_ of an event, the action
   # can also be used to run events itself.  For example, using the above as an
   # example:
-  # 
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new           # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
-  #   
+  #
   #   vehicle.state_event = 'ignite'
   #   vehicle.save                    # => true
   #   vehicle.state                   # => "idling"
   #   vehicle.state_event             # => nil
-  # 
+  #
   # As can be seen, the +save+ action automatically invokes the event stored in
   # the +state_event+ attribute (<tt>:ignite</tt> in this case).
-  # 
+  #
   # One important note about using this technique for running transitions is
   # that if the class in which the state machine is defined *also* defines the
   # action being invoked (and not a superclass), then it must manually run the
   # StateMachine hook that checks for event attributes.
-  # 
+  #
   # For example, in ActiveRecord, DataMapper, Mongoid, MongoMapper, and Sequel,
   # the default action (+save+) is already defined in a base class.  As a result,
   # when a state machine is defined in a model / resource, StateMachine can
   # automatically hook into the +save+ action.
-  # 
+  #
   # On the other hand, the Vehicle class from above defined its own +save+
   # method (and there is no +save+ method in its superclass).  As a result, it
   # must be modified like so:
-  # 
+  #
   #     def save
   #       self.class.state_machines.transitions(self, :save).perform do
   #         @saving_state = state
   #         fail != true
   #       end
   #     end
-  # 
+  #
   # This will add in the functionality for firing the event stored in the
   # +state_event+ attribute.
-  # 
+  #
   # == Callbacks
-  # 
+  #
   # Callbacks are supported for hooking before and after every possible
   # transition in the machine.  Each callback is invoked in the order in which
   # it was defined.  See StateMachines::Machine#before_transition and
   # StateMachines::Machine#after_transition for documentation on how to define
   # new callbacks.
-  # 
+  #
   # *Note* that callbacks only get executed within the context of an event.  As
   # a result, if a class has an initial state when it's created, any callbacks
   # that would normally get executed when the object enters that state will
   # *not* get triggered.
-  # 
+  #
   # For example,
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+  #     state_machine initial: :parked do
   #       after_transition all => :parked do
   #         raise ArgumentError
   #       end
   #       ...
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle id: 1, state: "parked">
   #   vehicle.save            # => true (no exception raised)
-  # 
+  #
   # If you need callbacks to get triggered when an object is created, this
   # should be done by one of the following techniques:
   # * Use a <tt>before :create</tt> or equivalent hook:
-  # 
+  #
   #     class Vehicle
   #       before :create, :track_initial_transition
-  #       
+  #
   #       state_machine do
   #         ...
   #       end
   #     end
-  # 
+  #
   # * Set an initial state and use the correct event to create the
   #   object with the proper state, resulting in callbacks being triggered and
   #   the object getting persisted (note that the <tt>:pending</tt> state is
   #   actually stored as nil):
-  # 
+  #
   #     class Vehicle
-  #        state_machine :initial => :pending
-  #         after_transition :pending => :parked, :do => :track_initial_transition
-  #         
+  #        state_machine initial: :pending
+  #         after_transition pending: :parked, do: :track_initial_transition
+  #
   #         event :park do
-  #           transition :pending => :parked
+  #           transition pending: :parked
   #         end
-  #         
-  #         state :pending, :value => nil
+  #
+  #         state :pending, value: nil
   #       end
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     vehicle = Vehicle.new
   #     vehicle.park
-  # 
+  #
   # * Use a default event attribute that will automatically trigger when the
   #   configured action gets run (note that the <tt>:pending</tt> state is
   #   actually stored as nil):
-  # 
+  #
   #     class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
-  #       state_machine :initial => :pending
-  #         after_transition :pending => :parked, :do => :track_initial_transition
-  #         
+  #       state_machine initial: :pending
+  #         after_transition pending: :parked, do: :track_initial_transition
+  #
   #         event :park do
-  #           transition :pending => :parked
+  #           transition pending: :parked
   #         end
-  #         
-  #         state :pending, :value => nil
+  #
+  #         state :pending, value: nil
   #       end
-  #       
+  #
   #       def initialize(*)
   #         super
   #         self.state_event = 'park'
   #       end
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     vehicle = Vehicle.new
   #     vehicle.save
-  # 
+  #
   # === Canceling callbacks
-  # 
+  #
   # Callbacks can be canceled by throwing :halt at any point during the
   # callback.  For example,
-  # 
+  #
   #   ...
   #   throw :halt
   #   ...
-  # 
+  #
   # If a +before+ callback halts the chain, the associated transition and all
   # later callbacks are canceled.  If an +after+ callback halts the chain,
   # the later callbacks are canceled, but the transition is still successful.
-  # 
+  #
   # These same rules apply to +around+ callbacks with the exception that any
   # +around+ callback that doesn't yield will essentially result in :halt being
   # thrown.  Any code executed after the yield will behave in the same way as
   # +after+ callbacks.
-  # 
+  #
   # *Note* that if a +before+ callback fails and the bang version of an event
   # was invoked, an exception will be raised instead of returning false.  For
   # example,
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
   #       before_transition any => :idling, :do => lambda {|vehicle| throw :halt}
   #       ...
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
   #   vehicle.park        # => false
   #   vehicle.park!       # => StateMachines::InvalidTransition: Cannot transition state via :park from "idling"
-  # 
+  #
   # == Observers
-  # 
+  #
   # Observers, in the sense of external classes and *not* Ruby's Observable
   # mechanism, can hook into state machines as well.  Such observers use the
   # same callback api that's used internally.
-  # 
+  #
   # Below are examples of defining observers for the following state machine:
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     state_machine do
   #       event :park do
-  #         transition :idling => :parked
+  #         transition idling: :parked
   #       end
   #       ...
   #     end
   #     ...
   #   end
-  # 
+  #
   # Event/Transition behaviors:
-  # 
+  #
   #   class VehicleObserver
   #     def self.before_park(vehicle, transition)
   #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to park... state is: #{transition.from}, state will be: #{transition.to}"
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def self.after_park(vehicle, transition, result)
   #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to park... state was: #{transition.from}, state is: #{transition.to}"
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def self.before_transition(vehicle, transition)
   #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to #{transition.event}... #{transition.attribute} is: #{transition.from}, #{transition.attribute} will be: #{transition.to}"
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def self.after_transition(vehicle, transition)
   #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to #{transition.event}... #{transition.attribute} was: #{transition.from}, #{transition.attribute} is: #{transition.to}"
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def self.around_transition(vehicle, transition)
   #       logger.info Benchmark.measure { yield }
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   Vehicle.state_machine do
   #     before_transition :on => :park, :do => VehicleObserver.method(:before_park)
   #     before_transition VehicleObserver.method(:before_transition)
-  #     
+  #
   #     after_transition :on => :park, :do => VehicleObserver.method(:after_park)
   #     after_transition VehicleObserver.method(:after_transition)
-  #     
+  #
   #     around_transition VehicleObserver.method(:around_transition)
   #   end
-  # 
+  #
   # One common callback is to record transitions for all models in the system
   # for auditing/debugging purposes.  Below is an example of an observer that
   # can easily automate this process for all models:
-  # 
+  #
   #   class StateMachineObserver
   #     def self.before_transition(object, transition)
   #       Audit.log_transition(object.attributes)
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   [Vehicle, Switch, Project].each do |klass|
   #     klass.state_machines.each do |attribute, machine|
   #       machine.before_transition StateMachineObserver.method(:before_transition)
   #     end
   #   end
-  # 
+  #
   # Additional observer-like behavior may be exposed by the various integrations
   # available.  See below for more information on integrations.
-  # 
+  #
   # == Overriding instance / class methods
-  # 
+  #
   # Hooking in behavior to the generated instance / class methods from the
   # state machine, events, and states is very simple because of the way these
   # methods are generated on the class.  Using the class's ancestors, the
   # original generated method can be referred to via +super+.  For example,
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     state_machine do
   #       event :park do
   #         ...
   #       end
   #     end
-  #     
+  #
   #     def park(*args)
   #       logger.info "..."
   #       super
   #     end
   #   end
-  # 
+  #
   # In the above example, the +park+ instance method that's generated on the
   # Vehicle class (by the associated event) is overridden with custom behavior.
   # Once this behavior is complete, the original method from the state machine
   # is invoked by simply calling +super+.
-  # 
+  #
   # The same technique can be used for +state+, +state_name+, and all other
   # instance *and* class methods on the Vehicle class.
   #
   # == Method conflicts
-  # 
+  #
   # By default state_machine does not redefine methods that exist on
   # superclasses (*including* Object) or any modules (*including* Kernel) that
   # were included before it was defined.  This is in order to ensure that
   # existing behavior on the class is not broken by the inclusion of
   # state_machine.
-  # 
+  #
   # If a conflicting method is detected, state_machine will generate a warning.
   # For example, consider the following class:
-  # 
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     state_machine do
   #       event :open do
@@ -330,67 +349,67 @@ module StateMachines
   #       end
   #     end
   #   end
-  # 
+  #
   # In the above class, an event named "open" is defined for its state machine.
   # However, "open" is already defined as an instance method in Ruby's Kernel
   # module that gets included in every Object.  As a result, state_machine will
   # generate the following warning:
-  # 
+  #
   #   Instance method "open" is already defined in Object, use generic helper instead or set StateMachines::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true.
-  # 
+  #
   # Even though you may not be using Kernel's implementation of the "open"
   # instance method, state_machine isn't aware of this and, as a result, stays
   # safe and just skips redefining the method.
-  # 
+  #
   # As with almost all helpers methods defined by state_machine in your class,
   # there are generic methods available for working around this method conflict.
   # In the example above, you can invoke the "open" event like so:
-  # 
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new       # => #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
   #   vehicle.fire_events(:open)  # => true
-  #   
+  #
   #   # This will not work
   #   vehicle.open                # => NoMethodError: private method `open' called for #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
-  # 
+  #
   # If you want to take on the risk of overriding existing methods and just
   # ignore method conflicts altogether, you can do so by setting the following
   # configuration:
-  # 
+  #
   #   StateMachines::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true
-  # 
+  #
   # This will allow you to define events like "open" as described above and
   # still generate the "open" instance helper method.  For example:
-  # 
+  #
   #   StateMachines::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true
-  #   
+  #
   #   class Vehicle
   #     state_machine do
   #       event :open do
   #         ...
   #     end
   #   end
-  #   
+  #
   #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
   #   vehicle.open            # => true
-  # 
+  #
   # By default, state_machine helps prevent you from making mistakes and
   # accidentally overriding methods that you didn't intend to.  Once you
   # understand this and what the consequences are, setting the
   # +ignore_method_conflicts+ option is a perfectly reasonable workaround.
-  # 
+  #
   # == Integrations
-  # 
+  #
   # By default, state machines are library-agnostic, meaning that they work
   # on any Ruby class and have no external dependencies.  However, there are
   # certain libraries which expose additional behavior that can be taken
   # advantage of by state machines.
-  # 
+  #
   # This library is built to work out of the box with a few popular Ruby
   # libraries that allow for additional behavior to provide a cleaner and
   # smoother experience.  This is especially the case for objects backed by a
   # database that may allow for transactions, persistent storage,
   # search/filters, callbacks, etc.
-  # 
+  #
   # When a state machine is defined for classes using any of the above libraries,
   # it will try to automatically determine the integration to use (Agnostic,
   # ActiveModel, ActiveRecord, DataMapper, Mongoid, MongoMapper, or Sequel)
@@ -398,67 +417,25 @@ module StateMachines
   # machine's behavior, refer to all constants defined under the
   # StateMachines::Integrations namespace.
   class Machine
-
+    extend ClassMethods
     include EvalHelpers
     include MatcherHelpers
-
-    class << self
-      # Attempts to find or create a state machine for the given class.  For
-      # example,
-      # 
-      #   StateMachines::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle)
-      #   StateMachines::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :initial => :parked)
-      #   StateMachines::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :status)
-      #   StateMachines::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :status, :initial => :parked)
-      # 
-      # If a machine of the given name already exists in one of the class's
-      # superclasses, then a copy of that machine will be created and stored
-      # in the new owner class (the original will remain unchanged).
-      def find_or_create(owner_class, *args, &block)
-        options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-        name = args.first || :state
-
-        # Find an existing machine
-        machine = owner_class.respond_to?(:state_machines) &&
-          (args.first && owner_class.state_machines[name] || !args.first &&
-          owner_class.state_machines.values.first) || nil
-
-        if machine
-          # Only create a new copy if changes are being made to the machine in
-          # a subclass
-          if machine.owner_class != owner_class && (options.any? || block_given?)
-            machine = machine.clone
-            machine.initial_state = options[:initial] if options.include?(:initial)
-            machine.owner_class = owner_class
-          end
-
-          # Evaluate DSL
-          machine.instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
-        else
-          # No existing machine: create a new one
-          machine = new(owner_class, name, options, &block)
-        end
-
-        machine
-      end
-
-
-      def draw(*)
-        fail NotImplementedError
-      end
-
-      # Default messages to use for validation errors in ORM integrations
-      attr_accessor :default_messages
-      attr_accessor :ignore_method_conflicts
-    end
-    @default_messages = {
-        :invalid => 'is invalid',
-        :invalid_event => 'cannot transition when %s',
-        :invalid_transition => 'cannot transition via "%1$s"'
-    }
+    include Utilities
+    include Parsing
+    include Validation
+    include HelperGenerators
+    include ActionHooks
+    include Scoping
+    include Configuration
+    include StateMethods
+    include EventMethods
+    include Callbacks
+    include Rendering
+    include Integration
 
     # Whether to ignore any conflicts that are detected for helper methods that
     # get generated for a machine's owner class.  Default is false.
+    # Thread-safe via atomic reference updates
     @ignore_method_conflicts = false
 
     # The class that the machine is defined in
@@ -479,12 +456,12 @@ module StateMachines
     # * Event transitions (:to, :from, and :except_from options)
     # * Transition callbacks (:to, :from, :except_to, and :except_from options)
     # * Unreferenced states (using +other_states+ helper)
-    # 
+    #
     # These are sorted, by default, in the order in which they were referenced.
     attr_reader :states
 
     # The callbacks to invoke before/after a transition is performed
-    # 
+    #
     # Maps :before => callbacks and :after => callbacks
     attr_reader :callbacks
 
@@ -500,243 +477,100 @@ module StateMachines
     attr_reader :use_transactions
 
     # Creates a new state machine for the given attribute
-    def initialize(owner_class, *args, &block)
-      options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-      options.assert_valid_keys(:attribute, :initial, :initialize, :action, :plural, :namespace, :integration, :messages, :use_transactions)
-
-      # Find an integration that matches this machine's owner class
-      if options.include?(:integration)
-        @integration = options[:integration] && StateMachines::Integrations.find_by_name(options[:integration])
-      else
-        @integration = StateMachines::Integrations.match(owner_class)
-      end
-
-      if @integration
-        extend @integration
-        options = (@integration.defaults || {}).merge(options)
-      end
-
-      # Add machine-wide defaults
-      options = {:use_transactions => true, :initialize => true}.merge(options)
-
-      # Set machine configuration
-      @name = args.first || :state
-      @attribute = options[:attribute] || @name
-      @events = EventCollection.new(self)
-      @states = StateCollection.new(self)
-      @callbacks = {:before => [], :after => [], :failure => []}
-      @namespace = options[:namespace]
-      @messages = options[:messages] || {}
-      @action = options[:action]
-      @use_transactions = options[:use_transactions]
-      @initialize_state = options[:initialize]
-      @action_hook_defined = false
-      self.owner_class = owner_class
-
-      # Merge with sibling machine configurations
-      add_sibling_machine_configs
-
-      # Define class integration
-      define_helpers
-      define_scopes(options[:plural])
-      after_initialize
-
-      # Evaluate DSL
-      instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
-      self.initial_state = options[:initial] unless sibling_machines.any?
-    end
-
-    # Creates a copy of this machine in addition to copies of each associated
-    # event/states/callback, so that the modifications to those collections do
-    # not affect the original machine.
-    def initialize_copy(orig) #:nodoc:
-      super
-
-      @events = @events.dup
-      @events.machine = self
-      @states = @states.dup
-      @states.machine = self
-      @callbacks = {:before => @callbacks[:before].dup, :after => @callbacks[:after].dup, :failure => @callbacks[:failure].dup}
-    end
-
-    # Sets the class which is the owner of this state machine.  Any methods
-    # generated by states, events, or other parts of the machine will be defined
-    # on the given owner class.
-    def owner_class=(klass)
-      @owner_class = klass
-
-      # Create modules for extending the class with state/event-specific methods
-      @helper_modules = helper_modules = {:instance => HelperModule.new(self, :instance), :class => HelperModule.new(self, :class)}
-      owner_class.class_eval do
-        extend helper_modules[:class]
-        include helper_modules[:instance]
-      end
-
-      # Add class-/instance-level methods to the owner class for state initialization
-      unless owner_class < StateMachines::InstanceMethods
-        owner_class.class_eval do
-          extend StateMachines::ClassMethods
-          include StateMachines::InstanceMethods
-        end
-
-        define_state_initializer if @initialize_state
-      end
-
-      # Record this machine as matched to the name in the current owner class.
-      # This will override any machines mapped to the same name in any superclasses.
-      owner_class.state_machines[name] = self
-    end
-
-    # Sets the initial state of the machine.  This can be either the static name
-    # of a state or a lambda block which determines the initial state at
-    # creation time.
-    def initial_state=(new_initial_state)
-      @initial_state = new_initial_state
-      add_states([@initial_state]) unless dynamic_initial_state?
-
-      # Update all states to reflect the new initial state
-      states.each { |state| state.initial = (state.name == @initial_state) }
-
-      # Output a warning if there are conflicting initial states for the machine's
-      # attribute
-      initial_state = states.detect { |state| state.initial }
-      if !owner_class_attribute_default.nil? && (dynamic_initial_state? || !owner_class_attribute_default_matches?(initial_state))
-        warn(
-            "Both #{owner_class.name} and its #{name.inspect} machine have defined "\
-          "a different default for \"#{attribute}\". Use only one or the other for "\
-          "defining defaults to avoid unexpected behaviors."
-        )
-      end
-    end
 
     # Gets the initial state of the machine for the given object. If a dynamic
     # initial state was configured for this machine, then the object will be
     # passed into the lambda block to help determine the actual state.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Examples
-    # 
+    #
     # With a static initial state:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #       ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
     #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<StateMachines::State name=:parked value="parked" initial=true>
-    # 
+    #
     # With a dynamic initial state:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     attr_accessor :force_idle
-    #     
+    #
     #     state_machine :initial => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.force_idle ? :idling : :parked} do
     #       ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle.force_idle = true
     #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<StateMachines::State name=:idling value="idling" initial=false>
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle.force_idle = false
     #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<StateMachines::State name=:parked value="parked" initial=false>
-    def initial_state(object)
-      states.fetch(dynamic_initial_state? ? evaluate_method(object, @initial_state) : @initial_state) if instance_variable_defined?('@initial_state')
-    end
-
-    # Whether a dynamic initial state is being used in the machine
-    def dynamic_initial_state?
-      instance_variable_defined?('@initial_state') && @initial_state.is_a?(Proc)
-    end
-
-    # Initializes the state on the given object.  Initial values are only set if
-    # the machine's attribute hasn't been previously initialized.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:force</tt> - Whether to initialize the state regardless of its
-    #   current value
-    # * <tt>:to</tt> - A hash to set the initial value in instead of writing
-    #   directly to the object
-    def initialize_state(object, options = {})
-      state = initial_state(object)
-      if state && (options[:force] || initialize_state?(object))
-        value = state.value
-
-        if hash = options[:to]
-          hash[attribute.to_s] = value
-        else
-          write(object, :state, value)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Gets the actual name of the attribute on the machine's owner class that
-    # stores data with the given name.
-    def attribute(name = :state)
-      name == :state ? @attribute : :"#{self.name}_#{name}"
-    end
 
     # Defines a new helper method in an instance or class scope with the given
     # name.  If the method is already defined in the scope, then this will not
     # override it.
-    # 
+    #
     # If passing in a block, there are two side effects to be aware of
     # 1. The method cannot be chained, meaning that the block cannot call +super+
     # 2. If the method is already defined in an ancestor, then it will not get
     #    overridden and a warning will be output.
-    # 
+    #
     # Example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   # Instance helper
     #   machine.define_helper(:instance, :state_name) do |machine, object|
     #     machine.states.match(object).name
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Class helper
     #   machine.define_helper(:class, :state_machine_name) do |machine, klass|
     #     "State"
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # You can also define helpers using string evaluation like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   # Instance helper
     #   machine.define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
     #     def state_name
     #       self.class.state_machine(:state).states.match(self).name
     #     end
     #   end_eval
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Class helper
     #   machine.define_helper :class, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
     #     def state_machine_name
     #       "State"
     #     end
     #   end_eval
-    def define_helper(scope, method, *args, &block)
+    def define_helper(scope, method, *, **, &block)
       helper_module = @helper_modules.fetch(scope)
 
       if block_given?
-        if !self.class.ignore_method_conflicts && conflicting_ancestor = owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method)
+        if !self.class.ignore_method_conflicts && (conflicting_ancestor = owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method))
           ancestor_name = conflicting_ancestor.name && !conflicting_ancestor.name.empty? ? conflicting_ancestor.name : conflicting_ancestor.to_s
           warn "#{scope == :class ? 'Class' : 'Instance'} method \"#{method}\" is already defined in #{ancestor_name}, use generic helper instead or set StateMachines::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true."
         else
           name = self.name
           helper_module.class_eval do
-            define_method(method) do |*block_args|
-              block.call((scope == :instance ? self.class : self).state_machine(name), self, *block_args)
+            define_method(method) do |*args, **kwargs|
+              block.call((scope == :instance ? self.class : self).state_machine(name), self, *args, **kwargs)
             end
           end
         end
       else
-        helper_module.class_eval(method, *args)
+        helper_module.class_eval(method, __FILE__, __LINE__)
       end
     end
 
     # Customizes the definition of one or more states in the machine.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * <tt>:value</tt> - The actual value to store when an object transitions
     #   to the state.  Default is the name (stringified).
@@ -748,13 +582,13 @@ module StateMachines
     # * <tt>:human_name</tt> - The human-readable version of this state's name.
     #   By default, this is either defined by the integration or stringifies the
     #   name and converts underscores to spaces.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Customizing the stored value
-    # 
+    #
     # Whenever a state is automatically discovered in the state machine, its
     # default value is assumed to be the stringified version of the name.  For
     # example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #       event :ignite do
@@ -762,124 +596,124 @@ module StateMachines
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above state machine, there are two states automatically discovered:
     # :parked and :idling.  These states, by default, will store their stringified
     # equivalents when an object moves into that state (e.g. "parked" / "idling").
-    # 
+    #
     # For legacy systems or when tying state machines into existing frameworks,
     # it's oftentimes necessary to need to store a different value for a state
     # than the default.  In order to continue taking advantage of an expressive
     # state machine and helper methods, every defined state can be re-configured
     # with a custom stored value.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #       event :ignite do
     #         transition :parked => :idling
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       state :idling, :value => 'IDLING'
     #       state :parked, :value => 'PARKED
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # This is also useful if being used in association with a database and,
     # instead of storing the state name in a column, you want to store the
     # state's foreign key:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class VehicleState < ActiveRecord::Base
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
     #     state_machine :attribute => :state_id, :initial => :parked do
     #       event :ignite do
     #         transition :parked => :idling
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       states.each do |state|
     #         self.state(state.name, :value => lambda { VehicleState.find_by_name(state.name.to_s).id }, :cache => true)
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above example, each known state is configured to store it's
     # associated database id in the +state_id+ attribute.  Also, notice that a
     # lambda block is used to define the state's value.  This is required in
     # situations (like testing) where the model is loaded without any existing
     # data (i.e. no VehicleState records available).
-    # 
+    #
     # One caveat to the above example is to keep performance in mind.  To avoid
     # constant db hits for looking up the VehicleState ids, the value is cached
     # by specifying the <tt>:cache</tt> option.  Alternatively, a custom
     # caching strategy can be used like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class VehicleState < ActiveRecord::Base
     #     cattr_accessor :cache_store
     #     self.cache_store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
-    #     
+    #
     #     def self.find_by_name(name)
     #       cache_store.fetch(name) { find(:first, :conditions => {:name => name}) }
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # === Dynamic values
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to customizing states with other value types, lambda blocks
     # can also be specified to allow for a state's value to be determined
     # dynamically at runtime.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine :purchased_at, :initial => :available do
     #       event :purchase do
     #         transition all => :purchased
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :restock do
     #         transition all => :available
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       state :available, :value => nil
     #       state :purchased, :if => lambda {|value| !value.nil?}, :value => lambda {Time.now}
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above definition, the <tt>:purchased</tt> state is customized with
     # both a dynamic value *and* a value matcher.
-    # 
+    #
     # When an object transitions to the purchased state, the value's lambda
     # block will be called.  This will get the current time and store it in the
     # object's +purchased_at+ attribute.
-    # 
+    #
     # *Note* that the custom matcher is very important here.  Since there's no
     # way for the state machine to figure out an object's state when it's set to
     # a runtime value, it must be explicitly defined.  If the <tt>:if</tt> option
     # were not configured for the state, then an ArgumentError exception would
     # be raised at runtime, indicating that the state machine could not figure
     # out what the current state of the object was.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Behaviors
-    # 
+    #
     # Behaviors define a series of methods to mixin with objects when the current
     # state matches the given one(s).  This allows instance methods to behave
     # a specific way depending on what the value of the object's state is.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     attr_accessor :driver
     #     attr_accessor :passenger
-    #     
+    #
     #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #       event :ignite do
     #         transition :parked => :idling
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       state :parked do
     #         def speed
     #           0
     #         end
-    #         
+    #
     #         def rotate_driver
     #           driver = self.driver
     #           self.driver = passenger
@@ -887,97 +721,97 @@ module StateMachines
     #           true
     #         end
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       state :idling, :first_gear do
     #         def speed
     #           20
     #         end
-    #         
+    #
     #         def rotate_driver
     #           self.state = 'parked'
     #           rotate_driver
     #         end
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       other_states :backing_up
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above example, there are two dynamic behaviors defined for the
     # class:
     # * +speed+
     # * +rotate_driver+
-    # 
+    #
     # Each of these behaviors are instance methods on the Vehicle class.  However,
     # which method actually gets invoked is based on the current state of the
     # object.  Using the above class as the example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
     #   vehicle.driver = 'John'
     #   vehicle.passenger = 'Jane'
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Behaviors in the "parked" state
     #   vehicle.state             # => "parked"
     #   vehicle.speed             # => 0
     #   vehicle.rotate_driver     # => true
     #   vehicle.driver            # => "Jane"
     #   vehicle.passenger         # => "John"
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle.ignite            # => true
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Behaviors in the "idling" state
     #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
     #   vehicle.speed             # => 20
     #   vehicle.rotate_driver     # => true
     #   vehicle.driver            # => "John"
     #   vehicle.passenger         # => "Jane"
-    # 
+    #
     # As can be seen, both the +speed+ and +rotate_driver+ instance method
     # implementations changed how they behave based on what the current state
     # of the vehicle was.
-    # 
+    #
     # === Invalid behaviors
-    # 
+    #
     # If a specific behavior has not been defined for a state, then a
     # NoMethodError exception will be raised, indicating that that method would
     # not normally exist for an object with that state.
-    # 
+    #
     # Using the example from before:
-    # 
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
     #   vehicle.state = 'backing_up'
     #   vehicle.speed               # => NoMethodError: undefined method 'speed' for #<Vehicle:0xb7d296ac> in state "backing_up"
-    # 
+    #
     # === Using matchers
-    # 
+    #
     # The +all+ / +any+ matchers can be used to easily define behaviors for a
     # group of states.  Note, however, that you cannot use these matchers to
     # set configurations for states.  Behaviors using these matchers can be
     # defined at any point in the state machine and will always get applied to
     # the proper states.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #     ...
-    #     
+    #
     #     state all - [:parked, :idling, :stalled] do
     #       validates_presence_of :speed
-    #       
+    #
     #       def speed
     #         gear * 10
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # == State-aware class methods
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to defining scopes for instance methods that are state-aware,
     # the same can be done for certain types of class methods.
-    # 
+    #
     # Some libraries have support for class-level methods that only run certain
     # behaviors based on a conditions hash passed in.  For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
     #     state_machine do
     #       ...
@@ -987,110 +821,35 @@ module StateMachines
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above ActiveRecord model, two validations have been defined which
     # will *only* run when the Vehicle object is in one of the three states:
     # +first_gear+, +second_gear+, or +third_gear.  Notice, also, that if/unless
     # conditions can continue to be used.
-    # 
+    #
     # This functionality is not library-specific and can work for any class-level
     # method that is defined like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   def validates_presence_of(attribute, options = {})
     #     ...
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # The minimum requirement is that the last argument in the method be an
     # options hash which contains at least <tt>:if</tt> condition support.
-    def state(*names, &block)
-      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
-      options.assert_valid_keys(:value, :cache, :if, :human_name)
-
-      # Store the context so that it can be used for / matched against any state
-      # that gets added
-      @states.context(names, &block) if block_given?
-
-      if names.first.is_a?(Matcher)
-        # Add any states referenced in the matcher.  When matchers are used,
-        # states are not allowed to be configured.
-        raise ArgumentError, "Cannot configure states when using matchers (using #{options.inspect})" if options.any?
-        states = add_states(names.first.values)
-      else
-        states = add_states(names)
-
-        # Update the configuration for the state(s)
-        states.each do |state|
-          if options.include?(:value)
-            state.value = options[:value]
-            self.states.update(state)
-          end
-
-          state.human_name = options[:human_name] if options.include?(:human_name)
-          state.cache = options[:cache] if options.include?(:cache)
-          state.matcher = options[:if] if options.include?(:if)
-        end
-      end
-
-      states.length == 1 ? states.first : states
-    end
-
-    alias_method :other_states, :state
-
-    # Gets the current value stored in the given object's attribute.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new                           # => #<Vehicle:0xb7d94ab0 @state="parked">
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.read(vehicle, :state)     # => "parked" # Equivalent to vehicle.state
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.read(vehicle, :event)     # => nil      # Equivalent to vehicle.state_event
-    def read(object, attribute, ivar = false)
-      attribute = self.attribute(attribute)
-      if ivar
-        object.instance_variable_defined?("@#{attribute}") ? object.instance_variable_get("@#{attribute}") : nil
-      else
-        object.send(attribute)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Sets a new value in the given object's attribute.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new                                   # => #<Vehicle:0xb7d94ab0 @state="parked">
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.write(vehicle, :state, 'idling')  # => Equivalent to vehicle.state = 'idling'
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.write(vehicle, :event, 'park')    # => Equivalent to vehicle.state_event = 'park'
-    #   vehicle.state                                           # => "idling"
-    #   vehicle.event                                           # => "park"
-    def write(object, attribute, value, ivar = false)
-      attribute = self.attribute(attribute)
-      ivar ? object.instance_variable_set("@#{attribute}", value) : object.send("#{attribute}=", value)
-    end
 
     # Defines one or more events for the machine and the transitions that can
     # be performed when those events are run.
-    # 
+    #
     # This method is also aliased as +on+ for improved compatibility with
     # using a domain-specific language.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * <tt>:human_name</tt> - The human-readable version of this event's name.
     #   By default, this is either defined by the integration or stringifies the
     #   name and converts underscores to spaces.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Instance methods
-    # 
+    #
     # The following instance methods are generated when a new event is defined
     # (the "park" event is used as an example):
     # * <tt>park(..., run_action = true)</tt> - Fires the "park" event,
@@ -1114,13 +873,13 @@ module StateMachines
     #   object or nil if no transitions can be performed.  Like <tt>can_park?</tt>
     #   this will also *not* run validations or callbacks.  It will only
     #   determine if the state machine defines a valid transition for the event.
-    # 
+    #
     # With a namespace of "car", the above names map to the following methods:
     # * <tt>can_park_car?</tt>
     # * <tt>park_car_transition</tt>
     # * <tt>park_car</tt>
     # * <tt>park_car!</tt>
-    # 
+    #
     # The <tt>can_park?</tt> and <tt>park_transition</tt> helpers both take an
     # optional set of requirements for determining what transitions are available
     # for the current object.  These requirements include:
@@ -1130,58 +889,58 @@ module StateMachines
     #   specified, then this will match any to state.
     # * <tt>:guard</tt> - Whether to guard transitions with the if/unless
     #   conditionals defined for each one.  Default is true.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Defining transitions
-    # 
+    #
     # +event+ requires a block which allows you to define the possible
     # transitions that can happen as a result of that event.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   event :park, :stop do
     #     transition :idling => :parked
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   event :first_gear do
     #     transition :parked => :first_gear, :if => :seatbelt_on?
     #     transition :parked => same # Allow to loopback if seatbelt is off
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # See StateMachines::Event#transition for more information on
     # the possible options that can be passed in.
-    # 
+    #
     # *Note* that this block is executed within the context of the actual event
     # object.  As a result, you will not be able to reference any class methods
     # on the model without referencing the class itself.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     def self.safe_states
     #       [:parked, :idling, :stalled]
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     state_machine do
     #       event :park do
     #         transition Vehicle.safe_states => :parked
     #       end
     #     end
-    #   end 
-    # 
+    #   end
+    #
     # == Overriding the event method
-    # 
+    #
     # By default, this will define an instance method (with the same name as the
     # event) that will fire the next possible transition for that.  Although the
     # +before_transition+, +after_transition+, and +around_transition+ hooks
     # allow you to define behavior that gets executed as a result of the event's
     # transition, you can also override the event method in order to have a
     # little more fine-grained control.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       event :park do
     #         ...
     #       end
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     def park(*)
     #       take_deep_breath  # Executes before the transition (and before_transition hooks) even if no transition is possible
     #       if result = super # Runs the transition and all before/after/around hooks
@@ -1190,33 +949,33 @@ module StateMachines
     #       result
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # There are a few important things to note here.  First, the method
     # signature is defined with an unlimited argument list in order to allow
     # callers to continue passing arguments that are expected by state_machine.
     # For example, it will still allow calls to +park+ with a single parameter
     # for skipping the configured action.
-    # 
+    #
     # Second, the overridden event method must call +super+ in order to run the
     # logic for running the next possible transition.  In order to remain
     # consistent with other events, the result of +super+ is returned.
-    # 
+    #
     # Third, any behavior defined in this method will *not* get executed if
     # you're taking advantage of attribute-based event transitions.  For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
     #   vehicle.state_event = 'park'
     #   vehicle.save
-    # 
+    #
     # In this case, the +park+ event will run the before/after/around transition
     # hooks and transition the state, but the behavior defined in the overriden
     # +park+ method will *not* be executed.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Defining additional arguments
-    # 
+    #
     # Additional arguments can be passed into events and accessed by transition
     # hooks like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       after_transition :on => :park do |vehicle, transition|
@@ -1224,157 +983,128 @@ module StateMachines
     #         ...
     #       end
     #       after_transition :on => :park, :do => :take_deep_breath
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :park do
     #         ...
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       def take_deep_breath(transition)
     #         kind = *transition.args # :parallel
     #         ...
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
     #   vehicle.park(:parallel)
-    # 
+    #
     # *Remember* that if the last argument is a boolean, it will be used as the
     # +run_action+ parameter to the event action.  Using the +park+ action
     # example from above, you can might call it like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   vehicle.park                    # => Uses default args and runs machine action
     #   vehicle.park(:parallel)         # => Specifies the +kind+ argument and runs the machine action
     #   vehicle.park(:parallel, false)  # => Specifies the +kind+ argument and *skips* the machine action
-    # 
+    #
     # If you decide to override the +park+ event method *and* define additional
     # arguments, you can do so as shown below:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       event :park do
     #         ...
     #       end
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     def park(kind = :parallel, *args)
     #       take_deep_breath if kind == :parallel
     #       super
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # Note that +super+ is called instead of <tt>super(*args)</tt>.  This allow
     # the entire arguments list to be accessed by transition callbacks through
     # StateMachines::Transition#args.
-    # 
+    #
     # === Using matchers
-    # 
+    #
     # The +all+ / +any+ matchers can be used to easily execute blocks for a
     # group of events.  Note, however, that you cannot use these matchers to
     # set configurations for events.  Blocks using these matchers can be
     # defined at any point in the state machine and will always get applied to
     # the proper events.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #     ...
-    #     
+    #
     #     event all - [:crash] do
     #       transition :stalled => :parked
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # == Example
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       # The park, stop, and halt events will all share the given transitions
     #       event :park, :stop, :halt do
     #         transition [:idling, :backing_up] => :parked
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :stop do
     #         transition :first_gear => :idling
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :ignite do
     #         transition :parked => :idling
     #         transition :idling => same # Allow ignite while still idling
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    def event(*names, &block)
-      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
-      options.assert_valid_keys(:human_name)
-
-      # Store the context so that it can be used for / matched against any event
-      # that gets added
-      @events.context(names, &block) if block_given?
-
-      if names.first.is_a?(Matcher)
-        # Add any events referenced in the matcher.  When matchers are used,
-        # events are not allowed to be configured.
-        raise ArgumentError, "Cannot configure events when using matchers (using #{options.inspect})" if options.any?
-        events = add_events(names.first.values)
-      else
-        events = add_events(names)
-
-        # Update the configuration for the event(s)
-        events.each do |event|
-          event.human_name = options[:human_name] if options.include?(:human_name)
-
-          # Add any states that may have been referenced within the event
-          add_states(event.known_states)
-        end
-      end
-
-      events.length == 1 ? events.first : events
-    end
-
-    alias_method :on, :event
 
     # Creates a new transition that determines what to change the current state
     # to when an event fires.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Defining transitions
-    # 
+    #
     # The options for a new transition uses the Hash syntax to map beginning
     # states to ending states.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :on => :ignite
-    # 
+    #
     # In this case, when the +ignite+ event is fired, this transition will cause
     # the state to be +idling+ if it's current state is +parked+ or +first_gear+
     # if it's current state is +idling+.
-    # 
+    #
     # To help define these implicit transitions, a set of helpers are available
     # for slightly more complex matching:
     # * <tt>all</tt> - Matches every state in the machine
     # * <tt>all - [:parked, :idling, ...]</tt> - Matches every state except those specified
     # * <tt>any</tt> - An alias for +all+ (matches every state in the machine)
     # * <tt>same</tt> - Matches the same state being transitioned from
-    # 
+    #
     # See StateMachines::MatcherHelpers for more information.
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   transition all => nil, :on => :ignite                               # Transitions to nil regardless of the current state
     #   transition all => :idling, :on => :ignite                           # Transitions to :idling regardless of the current state
     #   transition all - [:idling, :first_gear] => :idling, :on => :ignite  # Transitions every state but :idling and :first_gear to :idling
     #   transition nil => :idling, :on => :ignite                           # Transitions to :idling from the nil state
     #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite                       # Transitions to :idling if :parked
     #   transition [:parked, :stalled] => :idling, :on => :ignite           # Transitions to :idling if :parked or :stalled
-    #   
+    #
     #   transition :parked => same, :on => :park                            # Loops :parked back to :parked
     #   transition [:parked, :stalled] => same, :on => [:park, :stall]      # Loops either :parked or :stalled back to the same state on the park and stall events
     #   transition all - :parked => same, :on => :noop                      # Loops every state but :parked back to the same state
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Transitions to :idling if :parked, :first_gear if :idling, or :second_gear if :first_gear
     #   transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear, :on => :shift_up
-    # 
+    #
     # == Verbose transitions
-    # 
+    #
     # Transitions can also be defined use an explicit set of configuration
     # options:
     # * <tt>:from</tt> - A state or array of states that can be transitioned from.
@@ -1383,24 +1113,24 @@ module StateMachines
     #   then the transition will simply loop back (i.e. the state will not change).
     # * <tt>:except_from</tt> - A state or array of states that *cannot* be
     #   transitioned from.
-    # 
+    #
     # These options must be used when defining transitions within the context
     # of a state.
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   transition :to => nil, :on => :park
     #   transition :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
     #   transition :except_from => [:idling, :first_gear], :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
     #   transition :from => nil, :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
     #   transition :from => [:parked, :stalled], :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
-    #   
+    #
     # == Conditions
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to the state requirements for each transition, a condition
     # can also be defined to help determine whether that transition is
     # available.  These options will work on both the normal and verbose syntax.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * <tt>:if</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
     #   transition should occur (e.g. :if => :moving?, or :if => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.speed > 60}).
@@ -1408,39 +1138,30 @@ module StateMachines
     # * <tt>:unless</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
     #   transition should not occur (e.g. :unless => :stopped?, or :unless => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.speed <= 60}).
     #   The condition should return or evaluate to true or false.
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :if => :moving?
     #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :unless => :stopped?
     #   transition :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear, :on => :shift_up, :if => :seatbelt_on?
-    #   
+    #
     #   transition :from => :parked, :to => :idling, :on => ignite, :if => :moving?
     #   transition :from => :parked, :to => :idling, :on => ignite, :unless => :stopped?
-    # 
+    #
     # == Order of operations
-    # 
+    #
     # Transitions are evaluated in the order in which they're defined.  As a
     # result, if more than one transition applies to a given object, then the
     # first transition that matches will be performed.
-    def transition(options)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'Must specify :on event' unless options[:on]
-
-      branches = []
-      options = options.dup
-      event(*Array(options.delete(:on))) { branches << transition(options) }
-
-      branches.length == 1 ? branches.first : branches
-    end
 
     # Creates a callback that will be invoked *before* a transition is
     # performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
+    #
     # == The callback
-    # 
+    #
     # Callbacks must be defined as either an argument, in the :do option, or
     # as a block.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       before_transition :set_alarm
@@ -1452,13 +1173,13 @@ module StateMachines
     #       ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # Notice that the first three callbacks are the same in terms of how the
     # methods to invoke are defined.  However, using the <tt>:do</tt> can
     # provide for a more fluid DSL.
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition, multiple callbacks can be defined like so:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       before_transition :set_alarm, :lock_doors, all => :parked
@@ -1468,54 +1189,54 @@ module StateMachines
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # Notice that the different ways of configuring methods can be mixed.
-    # 
+    #
     # == State requirements
-    # 
+    #
     # Callbacks can require that the machine be transitioning from and to
     # specific states.  These requirements use a Hash syntax to map beginning
     # states to ending states.  For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :do => :set_alarm
-    # 
+    #
     # In this case, the +set_alarm+ callback will only be called if the machine
     # is transitioning from +parked+ to +idling+ or from +idling+ to +parked+.
-    # 
+    #
     # To help define state requirements, a set of helpers are available for
     # slightly more complex matching:
     # * <tt>all</tt> - Matches every state/event in the machine
     # * <tt>all - [:parked, :idling, ...]</tt> - Matches every state/event except those specified
     # * <tt>any</tt> - An alias for +all+ (matches every state/event in the machine)
     # * <tt>same</tt> - Matches the same state being transitioned from
-    # 
+    #
     # See StateMachines::MatcherHelpers for more information.
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   before_transition :parked => [:idling, :first_gear], :do => ...     # Matches from parked to idling or first_gear
     #   before_transition all - [:parked, :idling] => :idling, :do => ...   # Matches from every state except parked and idling to idling
     #   before_transition all => :parked, :do => ...                        # Matches all states to parked
     #   before_transition any => same, :do => ...                           # Matches every loopback
-    # 
+    #
     # == Event requirements
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to state requirements, an event requirement can be defined so
     # that the callback is only invoked on specific events using the +on+
     # option.  This can also use the same matcher helpers as the state
     # requirements.
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   before_transition :on => :ignite, :do => ...                        # Matches only on ignite
     #   before_transition :on => all - :ignite, :do => ...                  # Matches on every event except ignite
     #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :do => ...    # Matches from parked to idling on ignite
-    # 
+    #
     # == Verbose Requirements
-    # 
+    #
     # Requirements can also be defined using verbose options rather than the
     # implicit Hash syntax and helper methods described above.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * <tt>:from</tt> - One or more states being transitioned from.  If none
     #   are specified, then all states will match.
@@ -1526,163 +1247,173 @@ module StateMachines
     # * <tt>:except_from</tt> - One or more states *not* being transitioned from
     # * <tt>:except_to</tt> - One more states *not* being transitioned to
     # * <tt>:except_on</tt> - One or more events that *did not* fire the transition
-    # 
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   before_transition :from => :ignite, :to => :idling, :on => :park, :do => ...
     #   before_transition :except_from => :ignite, :except_to => :idling, :except_on => :park, :do => ...
-    # 
+    #
     # == Conditions
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to the state/event requirements, a condition can also be
     # defined to help determine whether the callback should be invoked.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * <tt>:if</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
     #   callback should occur (e.g. :if => :allow_callbacks, or
     #   :if => lambda {|user| user.signup_step > 2}). The method, proc or string
-    #   should return or evaluate to a true or false value. 
+    #   should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
     # * <tt>:unless</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
     #   callback should not occur (e.g. :unless => :skip_callbacks, or
     #   :unless => lambda {|user| user.signup_step <= 2}). The method, proc or
-    #   string should return or evaluate to a true or false value. 
-    # 
+    #   string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
+    #
     # Examples:
-    # 
+    #
     #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :if => :moving?, :do => ...
     #   before_transition :on => :ignite, :unless => :seatbelt_on?, :do => ...
-    # 
+    #
     # == Accessing the transition
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to passing the object being transitioned, the actual
     # transition describing the context (e.g. event, from, to) can be accessed
     # as well.  This additional argument is only passed if the callback allows
     # for it.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     # Only specifies one parameter (the object being transitioned)
     #     before_transition all => :parked do |vehicle|
     #       vehicle.set_alarm
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     # Specifies 2 parameters (object being transitioned and actual transition)
     #     before_transition all => :parked do |vehicle, transition|
     #       vehicle.set_alarm(transition)
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # *Note* that the object in the callback will only be passed in as an
     # argument if callbacks are configured to *not* be bound to the object
     # involved.  This is the default and may change on a per-integration basis.
-    # 
+    #
     # See StateMachines::Transition for more information about the
     # attributes available on the transition.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Usage with delegates
-    # 
+    #
     # As noted above, state_machine uses the callback method's argument list
     # arity to determine whether to include the transition in the method call.
     # If you're using delegates, such as those defined in ActiveSupport or
     # Forwardable, the actual arity of the delegated method gets masked.  This
     # means that callbacks which reference delegates will always get passed the
     # transition as an argument.  For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     extend Forwardable
     #     delegate :refresh => :dashboard
-    #     
+    #
     #     state_machine do
     #       before_transition :refresh
     #       ...
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     def dashboard
     #       @dashboard ||= Dashboard.new
     #     end
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   class Dashboard
     #     def refresh(transition)
     #       # ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # In the above example, <tt>Dashboard#refresh</tt> *must* defined a
     # +transition+ argument.  Otherwise, an +ArgumentError+ exception will get
     # raised.  The only way around this is to avoid the use of delegates and
     # manually define the delegate method so that the correct arity is used.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Examples
-    # 
+    #
     # Below is an example of a class with one state machine and various types
     # of +before+ transitions defined for it:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       # Before all transitions
     #       before_transition :update_dashboard
-    #       
+    #
     #       # Before specific transition:
     #       before_transition [:first_gear, :idling] => :parked, :on => :park, :do => :take_off_seatbelt
-    #       
+    #
     #       # With conditional callback:
     #       before_transition all => :parked, :do => :take_off_seatbelt, :if => :seatbelt_on?
-    #       
+    #
     #       # Using helpers:
     #       before_transition all - :stalled => same, :on => any - :crash, :do => :update_dashboard
     #       ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # As can be seen, any number of transitions can be created using various
     # combinations of configuration options.
-    def before_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:before, options, &block)
+    def before_transition(*args, **options, &)
+      # Extract legacy positional arguments and merge with keyword options
+      parsed_options = parse_callback_arguments(args, options)
+
+      # Only validate callback-specific options, not state transition requirements
+      callback_options = parsed_options.slice(:do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+      StateMachines::OptionsValidator.assert_valid_keys!(callback_options, :do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+
+      add_callback(:before, parsed_options, &)
     end
 
     # Creates a callback that will be invoked *after* a transition is
     # performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
+    #
     # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
     # for defining callbacks.
-    def after_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:after, options, &block)
+    def after_transition(*args, **options, &)
+      # Extract legacy positional arguments and merge with keyword options
+      parsed_options = parse_callback_arguments(args, options)
+
+      # Only validate callback-specific options, not state transition requirements
+      callback_options = parsed_options.slice(:do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+      StateMachines::OptionsValidator.assert_valid_keys!(callback_options, :do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+
+      add_callback(:after, parsed_options, &)
     end
 
     # Creates a callback that will be invoked *around* a transition so long as
     # the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
+    #
     # == The callback
-    # 
+    #
     # Around callbacks wrap transitions, executing code both before and after.
     # These callbacks are defined in the exact same manner as before / after
     # callbacks with the exception that the transition must be yielded to in
     # order to finish running it.
-    # 
+    #
     # If defining +around+ callbacks using blocks, you must yield within the
     # transition by directly calling the block (since yielding is not allowed
     # within blocks).
-    # 
+    #
     # For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       around_transition do |block|
     #         Benchmark.measure { block.call }
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       around_transition do |vehicle, block|
     #         logger.info "vehicle was #{state}..."
     #         block.call
     #         logger.info "...and is now #{state}"
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       around_transition do |vehicle, transition, block|
     #         logger.info "before #{transition.event}: #{vehicle.state}"
     #         block.call
@@ -1690,73 +1421,78 @@ module StateMachines
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # Notice that referencing the block is similar to doing so within an
     # actual method definition in that it is always the last argument.
-    # 
+    #
     # On the other hand, if you're defining +around+ callbacks using method
     # references, you can yield like normal:
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       around_transition :benchmark
     #       ...
     #     end
-    #     
+    #
     #     def benchmark
     #       Benchmark.measure { yield }
     #     end
     #   end
-    # 
+    #
     # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
     # for defining callbacks.
-    def around_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:around, options, &block)
+    def around_transition(*args, **options, &)
+      # Extract legacy positional arguments and merge with keyword options
+      parsed_options = parse_callback_arguments(args, options)
+
+      # Only validate callback-specific options, not state transition requirements
+      callback_options = parsed_options.slice(:do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+      StateMachines::OptionsValidator.assert_valid_keys!(callback_options, :do, :if, :unless, :bind_to_object, :terminator)
+
+      add_callback(:around, parsed_options, &)
     end
 
     # Creates a callback that will be invoked *after* a transition failures to
     # be performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
+    #
     # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
     # for defining callbacks.  *Note* however that you cannot define the state
     # requirements in these callbacks.  You may only define event requirements.
-    # 
+    #
     # = The callback
-    # 
+    #
     # Failure callbacks get invoked whenever an event fails to execute.  This
     # can happen when no transition is available, a +before+ callback halts
     # execution, or the action associated with this machine fails to succeed.
     # In any of these cases, any failure callback that matches the attempted
     # transition will be run.
-    # 
+    #
     # For example,
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine do
     #       after_failure do |vehicle, transition|
     #         logger.error "vehicle #{vehicle} failed to transition on #{transition.event}"
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       after_failure :on => :ignite, :do => :log_ignition_failure
-    #       
+    #
     #       ...
     #     end
     #   end
-    def after_failure(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      options.assert_valid_keys(:on, :do, :if, :unless)
+    def after_failure(*args, **options, &)
+      # Extract legacy positional arguments and merge with keyword options
+      parsed_options = parse_callback_arguments(args, options)
+      StateMachines::OptionsValidator.assert_valid_keys!(parsed_options, :on, :do, :if, :unless)
 
-      add_callback(:failure, options, &block)
+      add_callback(:failure, parsed_options, &)
     end
 
     # Generates a list of the possible transition sequences that can be run on
     # the given object.  These paths can reveal all of the possible states and
     # events that can be encountered in the object's state machine based on the
     # object's current state.
-    # 
+    #
     # Configuration options:
     # * +from+ - The initial state to start all paths from.  By default, this
     #   is the object's current state.
@@ -1767,31 +1503,31 @@ module StateMachines
     #   state (if specified) is reached.  If this is enabled, then paths can
     #   continue even after reaching the target state; they will stop when
     #   reaching the target state a second time.
-    # 
+    #
     # *Note* that the object is never modified when the list of paths is
     # generated.
-    # 
+    #
     # == Examples
-    # 
+    #
     #   class Vehicle
     #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
     #       event :ignite do
     #         transition :parked => :idling
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :shift_up do
     #         transition :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear
     #       end
-    #       
+    #
     #       event :shift_down do
     #         transition :second_gear => :first_gear, :first_gear => :idling
     #       end
     #     end
     #   end
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
     #   vehicle.state           # => "parked"
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle.state_paths
     #   # => [
     #   #     [#<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
@@ -1799,37 +1535,33 @@ module StateMachines
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="second_gear" to_name=:second_gear>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="second_gear" from_name=:second_gear to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="idling" to_name=:idling>],
-    #   #       
+    #   #
     #   #     [#<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="idling" from_name=:idling to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="idling" to_name=:idling>]
     #   #    ]
-    #   
+    #
     #   vehicle.state_paths(:from => :parked, :to => :second_gear)
     #   # => [
     #   #     [#<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="idling" from_name=:idling to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
     #   #      #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="second_gear" to_name=:second_gear>]
     #   #    ]
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to getting the possible paths that can be accessed, you can
     # also get summary information about the states / events that can be
     # accessed at some point along one of the paths.  For example:
-    # 
+    #
     #   # Get the list of states that can be accessed from the current state
     #   vehicle.state_paths.to_states # => [:idling, :first_gear, :second_gear]
-    #   
+    #
     #   # Get the list of events that can be accessed from the current state
     #   vehicle.state_paths.events    # => [:ignite, :shift_up, :shift_down]
-    def paths_for(object, requirements = {})
-      PathCollection.new(object, self, requirements)
-    end
 
     # Marks the given object as invalid with the given message.
-    # 
+    #
     # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def invalidate(_object, _attribute, _message, _values = [])
-    end
+    def invalidate(_object, _attribute, _message, _values = []); end
 
     # Gets a description of the errors for the given object.  This is used to
     # provide more detailed information when an InvalidTransition exception is
@@ -1839,328 +1571,63 @@ module StateMachines
     end
 
     # Resets any errors previously added when invalidating the given object.
-    # 
+    #
     # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def reset(_object)
-    end
+    def reset(_object); end
 
     # Generates the message to use when invalidating the given object after
     # failing to transition on a specific event
     def generate_message(name, values = [])
-      message = (@messages[name] || self.class.default_messages[name])
+      message = @messages[name] || self.class.default_messages[name]
 
       # Check whether there are actually any values to interpolate to avoid
       # any warnings
       if message.scan(/%./).any? { |match| match != '%%' }
-        message % values.map { |value| value.last }
+        message % values.map(&:last)
       else
         message
       end
     end
 
     # Runs a transaction, rolling back any changes if the yielded block fails.
-    # 
+    #
     # This is only applicable to integrations that involve databases.  By
     # default, this will not run any transactions since the changes aren't
     # taking place within the context of a database.
-    def within_transaction(object)
+    def within_transaction(object, &)
       if use_transactions
-        transaction(object) { yield }
+        transaction(object, &)
       else
         yield
       end
     end
 
+    def renderer
+      self.class.renderer
+    end
 
-    def draw(*)
-      fail NotImplementedError
+    def draw(**)
+      renderer.draw_machine(self, **)
     end
 
     # Determines whether an action hook was defined for firing attribute-based
     # event transitions when the configured action gets called.
     def action_hook?(self_only = false)
-      @action_hook_defined || !self_only && owner_class.state_machines.any? { |name, machine| machine.action == action && machine != self && machine.action_hook?(true) }
+      @action_hook_defined || (!self_only && owner_class.state_machines.any? { |_name, machine| machine.action == action && machine != self && machine.action_hook?(true) })
     end
 
     protected
-    # Runs additional initialization hooks.  By default, this is a no-op.
-    def after_initialize
-    end
-
-    # Looks up other machines that have been defined in the owner class and
-    # are targeting the same attribute as this machine.  When accessing
-    # sibling machines, they will be automatically copied for the current
-    # class if they haven't been already.  This ensures that any configuration
-    # changes made to the sibling machines only affect this class and not any
-    # base class that may have originally defined the machine.
-    def sibling_machines
-      owner_class.state_machines.inject([]) do |machines, (name, machine)|
-        if machine.attribute == attribute && machine != self
-          machines << (owner_class.state_machine(name) {})
-        end
-        machines
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Determines if the machine's attribute needs to be initialized.  This
-    # will only be true if the machine's attribute is blank.
-    def initialize_state?(object)
-      value = read(object, :state)
-      (value.nil? || value.respond_to?(:empty?) && value.empty?) && !states[value, :value]
-    end
-
-    # Adds helper methods for interacting with the state machine, including
-    # for states, events, and transitions
-    def define_helpers
-      define_state_accessor
-      define_state_predicate
-      define_event_helpers
-      define_path_helpers
-      define_action_helpers if define_action_helpers?
-      define_name_helpers
-    end
-
-    # Defines the initial values for state machine attributes.  Static values
-    # are set prior to the original initialize method and dynamic values are
-    # set *after* the initialize method in case it is dependent on it.
-    def define_state_initializer
-      define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def initialize(*)
-            self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self) { super }
-          end
-      end_eval
-    end
-
-    # Adds reader/writer methods for accessing the state attribute
-    def define_state_accessor
-      attribute = self.attribute
-
-      @helper_modules[:instance].class_eval { attr_reader attribute } unless owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, attribute)
-      @helper_modules[:instance].class_eval { attr_writer attribute } unless owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, "#{attribute}=")
-    end
-
-    # Adds predicate method to the owner class for determining the name of the
-    # current state
-    def define_state_predicate
-      call_super = !!owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, "#{name}?")
-      define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def #{name}?(*args)
-            args.empty? && (#{call_super} || defined?(super)) ? super : self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).states.matches?(self, *args)
-          end
-      end_eval
-    end
-
-    # Adds helper methods for getting information about this state machine's
-    # events
-    def define_event_helpers
-      # Gets the events that are allowed to fire on the current object
-      define_helper(:instance, attribute(:events)) do |machine, object, *args|
-        machine.events.valid_for(object, *args).map { |event| event.name }
-      end
-
-      # Gets the next possible transitions that can be run on the current
-      # object
-      define_helper(:instance, attribute(:transitions)) do |machine, object, *args|
-        machine.events.transitions_for(object, *args)
-      end
-
-      # Fire an arbitrary event for this machine
-      define_helper(:instance, "fire_#{attribute(:event)}") do |machine, object, event, *args|
-        machine.events.fetch(event).fire(object, *args)
-      end
-
-      # Add helpers for tracking the event / transition to invoke when the
-      # action is called
-      if action
-        event_attribute = attribute(:event)
-        define_helper(:instance, event_attribute) do |machine, object|
-          # Interpret non-blank events as present
-          event = machine.read(object, :event, true)
-          event && !(event.respond_to?(:empty?) && event.empty?) ? event.to_sym : nil
-        end
 
-        # A roundabout way of writing the attribute is used here so that
-        # integrations can hook into this modification
-        define_helper(:instance, "#{event_attribute}=") do |machine, object, value|
-          machine.write(object, :event, value, true)
-        end
-
-        event_transition_attribute = attribute(:event_transition)
-        define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-            protected; attr_accessor #{event_transition_attribute.inspect}
-        end_eval
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Adds helper methods for getting information about this state machine's
-    # available transition paths
-    def define_path_helpers
-      # Gets the paths of transitions available to the current object
-      define_helper(:instance, attribute(:paths)) do |machine, object, *args|
-        machine.paths_for(object, *args)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Determines whether action helpers should be defined for this machine.
-    # This is only true if there is an action configured and no other machines
-    # have process this same configuration already.
-    def define_action_helpers?
-      action && !owner_class.state_machines.any? { |name, machine| machine.action == action && machine != self }
-    end
-
-    # Adds helper methods for automatically firing events when an action
-    # is invoked
-    def define_action_helpers
-      if action_hook
-        @action_hook_defined = true
-        define_action_hook
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Hooks directly into actions by defining the same method in an included
-    # module.  As a result, when the action gets invoked, any state events
-    # defined for the object will get run.  Method visibility is preserved.
-    def define_action_hook
-      action_hook = self.action_hook
-      action = self.action
-      private_action_hook = owner_class.private_method_defined?(action_hook)
-
-      # Only define helper if it hasn't
-      define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def #{action_hook}(*)
-            self.class.state_machines.transitions(self, #{action.inspect}).perform { super }
-          end
-          
-          private #{action_hook.inspect} if #{private_action_hook}
-      end_eval
-    end
-
-    # The method to hook into for triggering transitions when invoked.  By
-    # default, this is the action configured for the machine.
-    #
-    # Since the default hook technique relies on module inheritance, the
-    # action must be defined in an ancestor of the owner classs in order for
-    # it to be the action hook.
-    def action_hook
-      action && owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, action) ? action : nil
-    end
+    # Runs additional initialization hooks.  By default, this is a no-op.
+    def after_initialize; end
 
     # Determines whether there's already a helper method defined within the
     # given scope.  This is true only if one of the owner's ancestors defines
     # the method and is further along in the ancestor chain than this
     # machine's helper module.
-    def owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method)
-      return false unless owner_class_has_method?(scope, method)
-
-      superclasses = owner_class.ancestors[1..-1].select { |ancestor| ancestor.is_a?(Class) }
-
-      if scope == :class
-        current = owner_class.singleton_class
-        superclass = superclasses.first
-      else
-        current = owner_class
-        superclass = owner_class.superclass
-      end
-
-      # Generate the list of modules that *only* occur in the owner class, but
-      # were included *prior* to the helper modules, in addition to the
-      # superclasses
-      ancestors = current.ancestors - superclass.ancestors + superclasses
-      ancestors = ancestors[ancestors.index(@helper_modules[scope])..-1].reverse
-
-      # Search for for the first ancestor that defined this method
-      ancestors.detect do |ancestor|
-        ancestor = ancestor.singleton_class if scope == :class && ancestor.is_a?(Class)
-        ancestor.method_defined?(method) || ancestor.private_method_defined?(method)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def owner_class_has_method?(scope, method)
-      target = scope == :class ? owner_class.singleton_class : owner_class
-      target.method_defined?(method) || target.private_method_defined?(method)
-    end
-
-    # Adds helper methods for accessing naming information about states and
-    # events on the owner class
-    def define_name_helpers
-      # Gets the humanized version of a state
-      define_helper(:class, "human_#{attribute(:name)}") do |machine, klass, state|
-        machine.states.fetch(state).human_name(klass)
-      end
-
-      # Gets the humanized version of an event
-      define_helper(:class, "human_#{attribute(:event_name)}") do |machine, klass, event|
-        machine.events.fetch(event).human_name(klass)
-      end
-
-      # Gets the state name for the current value
-      define_helper(:instance, attribute(:name)) do |machine, object|
-        machine.states.match!(object).name
-      end
-
-      # Gets the human state name for the current value
-      define_helper(:instance, "human_#{attribute(:name)}") do |machine, object|
-        machine.states.match!(object).human_name(object.class)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Defines the with/without scope helpers for this attribute.  Both the
-    # singular and plural versions of the attribute are defined for each
-    # scope helper.  A custom plural can be specified if it cannot be
-    # automatically determined by either calling +pluralize+ on the attribute
-    # name or adding an "s" to the end of the name.
-    def define_scopes(custom_plural = nil)
-      plural = custom_plural || pluralize(name)
-
-      [:with, :without].each do |kind|
-        [name, plural].map { |s| s.to_s }.uniq.each do |suffix|
-          method = "#{kind}_#{suffix}"
-
-          if scope = send("create_#{kind}_scope", method)
-            # Converts state names to their corresponding values so that they
-            # can be looked up properly
-            define_helper(:class, method) do |machine, klass, *states|
-              run_scope(scope, machine, klass, states)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Generates the results for the given scope based on one or more states to
-    # filter by
-    def run_scope(scope, machine, klass, states)
-      values = states.flatten.map { |state| machine.states.fetch(state).value }
-      scope.call(klass, values)
-    end
-
-    # Pluralizes the given word using #pluralize (if available) or simply
-    # adding an "s" to the end of the word
-    def pluralize(word)
-      word = word.to_s
-      if word.respond_to?(:pluralize)
-        word.pluralize
-      else
-        "#{name}s"
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Creates a scope for finding objects *with* a particular value or values
-    # for the attribute.
-    #
-    # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def create_with_scope(name)
-    end
-
-    # Creates a scope for finding objects *without* a particular value or
-    # values for the attribute.
-    #
-    # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def create_without_scope(name)
-    end
 
     # Always yields
-    def transaction(object)
+    def transaction(_object)
       yield
     end
 
@@ -2175,60 +1642,5 @@ module StateMachines
     def owner_class_attribute_default_matches?(state)
       state.matches?(owner_class_attribute_default)
     end
-
-    # Updates this machine based on the configuration of other machines in the
-    # owner class that share the same target attribute.
-    def add_sibling_machine_configs
-      # Add existing states
-      sibling_machines.each do |machine|
-        machine.states.each { |state| states << state unless states[state.name] }
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Adds a new transition callback of the given type.
-    def add_callback(type, options, &block)
-      callbacks[type == :around ? :before : type] << callback = Callback.new(type, options, &block)
-      add_states(callback.known_states)
-      callback
-    end
-
-    # Tracks the given set of states in the list of all known states for
-    # this machine
-    def add_states(new_states)
-      new_states.map do |new_state|
-        # Check for other states that use a different class type for their name.
-        # This typically prevents string / symbol misuse.
-        if new_state && conflict = states.detect { |state| state.name && state.name.class != new_state.class }
-          raise ArgumentError, "#{new_state.inspect} state defined as #{new_state.class}, #{conflict.name.inspect} defined as #{conflict.name.class}; all states must be consistent"
-        end
-
-        unless state = states[new_state]
-          states << state = State.new(self, new_state)
-
-          # Copy states over to sibling machines
-          sibling_machines.each { |machine| machine.states << state }
-        end
-
-        state
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Tracks the given set of events in the list of all known events for
-    # this machine
-    def add_events(new_events)
-      new_events.map do |new_event|
-        # Check for other states that use a different class type for their name.
-        # This typically prevents string / symbol misuse.
-        if conflict = events.detect { |event| event.name.class != new_event.class }
-          raise ArgumentError, "#{new_event.inspect} event defined as #{new_event.class}, #{conflict.name.inspect} defined as #{conflict.name.class}; all events must be consistent"
-        end
-
-        unless event = events[new_event]
-          events << event = Event.new(self, new_event)
-        end
-
-        event
-      end
-    end
   end
 end