state_flow 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

data/spec/order_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'spec_helper')
+
+require 'net/http'
+
+describe Order do
+  before(:each) do
+    StateFlow::Log.delete_all
+    Order.delete_all
+  end
+
+  describe "from waiting_settling" do
+    describe "cach_on_delivery" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :cash_on_delivery
+        @order.status_key = :waiting_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :deliver_preparing
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock fails" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_return(nil)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :stock_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock failed by Net::ProtoServerError" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_raise(Net::ProtoServerError)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :external_error
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 0
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:external_error)}).should == 1
+        StateFlow::Log.count.should == 0
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock failed by IOError" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_raise(IOError)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :internal_error
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 0
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:internal_error)}).should == 1
+        StateFlow::Log.count.should == 0
+      end
+
+      it "cancel_request" do
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_cancel_requested)
+        @order.cancel_request
+        @order.status_key.should == :cancel_requested
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:cancel_requested)}).should == 1
+        StateFlow::Log.count.should == 0
+      end
+
+      it "cancel_request but raised error" do
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_cancel_requested).and_raise(IOError)
+        @order.cancel_request
+        @order.status_key.should == :internal_error
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:internal_error)}).should == 1
+        StateFlow::Log.count.should == 0
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "credit_card" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :credit_card
+        @order.status_key = :waiting_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed step by step" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false, :keep_process => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :online_settling
+        # saveされてません。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:online_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed keep_process" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:settle).once.and_return(:ok)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :deliver_preparing
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:deliver_preparing)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed keep_process but failed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).once.and_raise(IOError)
+        @order.should_receive(:settle).once.and_return(:ok)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :settlement_error # 決済時の例外はすべて:settlement_errorにします。
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:settlement_error)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock fails" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(nil)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :stock_error
+        # saveされてます。
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 0
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:stock_error)}).should == 1
+        StateFlow::Log.count.should == 0
+      end
+
+      it "StockShortageError raised" do
+        @order.product_name = "Refactoring"
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_raise(Order::StockShortageError)
+        Order.transaction do
+          @order.process_status_cd
+        end
+        @order.status_key.should == :stock_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:stock_error)}).should == 1
+        # ステータスはちゃんと変わっているけど、他のデータはロールバックされていなければならない
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:product_name => "Refactoring"}).should == 0
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:product_name => "Beautiful Code"}).should == 1
+        # StateFlow::Log.count.should == 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "bank_deposit" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :bank_deposit
+        @order.status_key = :waiting_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_thanks)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :receiving
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock fails" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(nil)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :stock_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "foreign_payment" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :foreign_payment
+        @order.status_key = :waiting_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock succeed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(:reserve_stock_ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:settle)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :online_settling
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "reserve_stock fails" do
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock).with(:temporary => true).once.and_return(nil)
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_stock_shortage)
+        @order.process_status_cd(:save => false)
+        @order.status_key.should == :stock_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:waiting_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  
+  describe "from online_settling" do
+    describe "credit_card" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :credit_card
+        @order.status_key = :online_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "settle succeed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:settle).and_return(:ok)
+        @order.should_receive(:reserve_stock)
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_thanks)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :deliver_preparing
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:deliver_preparing)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "settle failed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:settle).and_return(nil)
+        @order.should_receive(:release_stock)
+        @order.should_receive(:delete_point)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :settlement_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:settlement_error)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "settle failed by IOError" do
+        @order.should_receive(:settle).and_raise(IOError)
+        @order.should_receive(:release_stock)
+        @order.should_receive(:delete_point)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :settlement_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:settlement_error)}).should == 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "foreign_payment" do
+      before do
+        @order = Order.new
+        @order.product_name = "Beautiful Code"
+        @order.payment_type = :foreign_payment
+        @order.status_key = :online_settling
+        @order.save!
+        Order.count.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "event must be called as a method" do
+        @order.should_not_receive(:settle)
+        @order.should_not_receive(:reserve_stock)
+        @order.should_not_receive(:send_mail_thanks)
+        @order.process_status_cd
+        @order.status_key.should == :online_settling
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:online_settling)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "event must be called as a method" do
+        @order.should_not_receive(:settle)
+        @order.should_not_receive(:reserve_stock)
+        @order.should_not_receive(:send_mail_thanks)
+        @order.settlement_ok # イベント実行
+        @order.status_key.should == :deliver_preparing
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:deliver_preparing)}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "settle failed" do
+        @order.should_receive(:release_stock)
+        @order.should_receive(:delete_point)
+        @order.should_receive(:send_mail_invalid_purchage)
+        @order.settlement_ng # イベント実行
+        @order.status_key.should == :settlement_error
+        Order.count.should == 1
+        Order.count(:conditions => {:status_cd => Order.status_id_by_key(:settlement_error)}).should == 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "structure" do
+    it "states" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      flow.states.length.should == 2
+    end
+
+    it "all_states" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      flow.all_states.values.map{|s| s.name.to_s}.sort.should == [
+        :valid, :auto_cancelable, :waiting_settling, :online_settling, 
+        :receiving, :deliver_preparing, :deliver_requested, :delivered, 
+        :deliver_notified, :canceling, :cancel_requested, :canceled, 
+        :error, :settlement_error, :stock_error, :internal_error, :external_error
+      ].map{|s| s.to_s}.sort
+      flow.all_states.length.should == 17
+    end
+
+    it "concrete_states" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      flow.concrete_states.values.map{|s| s.name.to_s}.sort.should == [
+        :waiting_settling, :online_settling, 
+        :receiving, :deliver_preparing, :deliver_requested, :delivered, 
+        :deliver_notified, :cancel_requested, :canceled, 
+        :settlement_error, :stock_error, :internal_error, :external_error
+      ].map{|s| s.to_s}.sort
+      flow.concrete_states.length.should == 13
+    end
+
+    it "origin" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      flow.origin.class.should == StateFlow::State
+      flow.origin.name == :waiting_settling
+    end
+
+    it "waiting_settling" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      state = flow.origin
+      state.guards.length.should == 2
+      state.events.length.should == 1
+      state.action.should be_nil
+      g0 = state.guards[0]
+      g0.name.should == :pay_cash_on_delivery?
+      g0.action.method_name.should == :reserve_point
+      g0.action.action.method_name.should == :reserve_stock
+      g0.action.action.events.length.should == 2
+      g0.action.action.events[0].should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      g0.action.action.events[1].should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      g0.action.action.events[0].destination.should == :deliver_preparing
+      g0.action.action.events[1].action.method_name.should == :delete_point
+      g0.action.action.events[1].action.destination.should == :stock_error
+      g1 = state.guards[1]
+      g1.class.should == StateFlow::Guard
+      g1.action.method_name.should == :reserve_point
+      a1 = g1.action.action
+      a1.method_name.should == :reserve_stock
+      a1.method_args.should == [:temporary => true]
+      a1.events[0].should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      a1.events[1].should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      a1.events[0].matcher.should == :reserve_stock_ok
+      g00 = a1.events[0].guards[0]
+      g00.name.should == :bank_deposit?
+      g00.action.method_name.should == :send_mail_thanks
+      g00.action.destination.should ==:receiving
+      g01 = a1.events[0].guards[1]
+      g01.name.should == :credit_card?
+      g01.destination.should ==:online_settling
+      g02 = a1.events[0].guards[2]
+      g02.name.should == :foreign_payment?
+      g02.action.method_name.should == :settle
+      g02.action.destination.should ==:online_settling
+      e1 = a1.events[1]
+      e1.should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      e1.guards[0].action.method_name.should == :delete_point
+      e1.guards[0].action.action.method_name.should == :send_mail_stock_shortage
+      e1.destination.should == :stock_error
+    end
+
+    it ":online_settling" do
+      flow = Order.state_flow_for(:status_cd)
+      state = flow.concrete_states[:online_settling]
+      g0 = state.guards[0]
+      g0.name.should == :credit_card?
+      g0.action.method_name.should == :settle
+      e0 = g0.action.events[0]
+      e0.should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      e0.action.method_name.should == :reserve_stock
+      e0.action.action.method_name.should == :send_mail_thanks
+      e0.action.action.destination.should == :deliver_preparing
+      e1 = g0.action.events[1]
+      e1.should be_a(StateFlow::ActionEvent)
+      e1.action.method_name.should == :release_stock
+      e1.action.action.method_name.should == :delete_point
+      e1.action.action.destination.should == :settlement_error
+      g1 = state.guards[1]
+      g1.name.should == :foreign_payment?
+      e2 = g1.events[0]
+      e2.should be_a(StateFlow::NamedEvent)
+      e2.destination.should == :deliver_preparing
+      e3 = g1.events[1]
+      e3.should be_a(StateFlow::NamedEvent)
+      e3.action.method_name.should == :release_stock
+      e3.action.action.method_name.should == :delete_point
+      e3.action.action.action.method_name.should == :send_mail_invalid_purchage
+      e3.action.action.action.destination.should == :settlement_error
+    end
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/resources/models/order.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
+
+  class StockShortageError < StandardError
+  end
+
+  selectable_attr :status_cd do
+    entry '00', :waiting_settling , '決済前'
+    entry '01', :online_settling  , '決済中'
+    entry '02', :receiving        , '入金待ち'
+    entry '03', :deliver_preparing, '配送準備中'
+    entry '04', :deliver_requested, '配送指示済'
+    entry '05', :delivered        , '配送済'
+    entry '06', :deliver_notified , '配送案内済'
+    entry '07', :cancel_requested , 'キャンセル依頼中'
+    entry '08', :canceled         , 'キャンセル完了'
+    entry '19', :settlement_error , '決済NG'
+    entry '10', :stock_error      , '在庫不足エラー'
+    entry '11', :internal_error   , '内部エラー'
+    entry '12', :external_error   , '外部エラー'
+  end
+  
+  state_flow(:status_cd) do
+    origin(:waiting_settling)
+
+    group(:valid) do # 正常系
+      # recoverの順番は重要。Exceptionを先に書くと全ての例外は:internal_errorになってしまいます。
+      recover(:'Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError').to(:external_error)
+      recover(:'Net::ProtocolError').to(:external_error)
+      recover(:'Exception').to(:internal_error)
+
+      group(:auto_cancelable) do # 自動キャンセル可
+        
+        from(:waiting_settling) do
+          # actionは続けて書くこともできます。
+          guard(:pay_cash_on_delivery?).action(:reserve_point).action(:reserve_stock){
+            event(:reserve_stock_ok).to(:deliver_preparing)
+            event_else.action(:delete_point).to(:stock_error)
+          }
+          # guard_elseは他のガード(群)に該当しなかった場合のガードです。
+          guard_else.action(:reserve_point).action(:reserve_stock, :temporary => true){
+            # 一行で書けない処理群はブロックを用いて書くことができます。
+            event(:reserve_stock_ok){
+              guard(:bank_deposit?).action(:send_mail_thanks).to(:receiving)
+              guard(:credit_card?).to(:online_settling)
+              guard(:foreign_payment?).action(:settle).to(:online_settling)
+            }
+            event_else{
+              guard(:foreign_payment?).action(:delete_point).action(:send_mail_stock_shortage)
+            }.to(:stock_error)
+            
+            # この上の書き方は以下と同じ意味を持ちます。
+            # event_else{
+            #   guard(:foreign_payment?).action(:send_mail_stock_shortage).to(:stock_error)
+            #   guard_else.to(:stock_error)
+            # }
+          }
+          
+          # sqlite3ではテスト中にロールバックすると、transactionの中なのに
+          #   cannot rollback - no transaction is active 
+          # とか言われちゃうので、rolling_backをfalseにしてます。
+          recover(StockShortageError, :rolling_back => (ENV['DB'] || 'sqlite3') != 'sqlite3').to(:stock_error)
+        end
+        
+        from(:online_settling) do
+          guard(:credit_card?).action(:settle){
+            event(:ok).action(:reserve_stock).action(:send_mail_thanks).to(:deliver_preparing)
+            event_else.action(:release_stock).action(:delete_point).to(:settlement_error)
+          }
+          guard(:foreign_payment?){
+            event(:settlement_ok).to(:deliver_preparing)
+            event(:settlement_ng).action(:release_stock).action(:delete_point).action(:send_mail_invalid_purchage).to(:settlement_error)
+          }
+          recover(Exception).action(:release_stock).action(:delete_point).to(:settlement_error)
+        end
+          
+        from :receiving do
+          event(:confirm_receiving) {
+            action :reserve_stock
+            action :send_mail_payment_complete
+            to :deliver_preparing
+          }
+        end
+        
+        from :deliver_preparing do
+          event(:deliver_request).
+            action(:reduce_stock).
+            action(:send_mail_deliver_request).
+            to(:deliver_requested)
+        end
+        
+        event(:cancel_request) {
+          action(:send_mail_cancel_requested)
+        }.to(:cancel_requested)
+
+        event(:cancel) {
+          action(:release_reserve)
+          action(:delete_point)
+          action(:send_mail_cancel_complete)
+        }.to(:canceled)
+      end
+
+      from(:deliver_requested) do
+        event(:deliver).action(:send_mail_shipping_for_shop).action(:send_mail_shipping_for_customer).to(:delivered)
+        event(:cancel_request).action(:send_mail_cancel_requested).to(:cancel_requested)
+      end
+      
+      from(:delivered) do
+        event(:deliver_notify).action(:send_mail_deliver_notification).to(:deliver_notified)
+      end
+      
+      termination(:deliver_notified) # 終端
+      
+      state_group(:canceling) do # 正常なキャンセル系
+        from :cancel_requested do
+          event(:accept_cancel) {
+            action(:release_reserve)
+            action(:delete_point)
+            action(:send_mail_cancel_complete)
+          }.to(:canceled)
+        end
+        
+        termination(:canceled) # 終端
+      end
+    end
+    
+    group(:error) do # 異常系
+      from(:settlement_error) do
+        action(:send_mail_settlement_error)
+        # to(:settlement_error) # 遷移しない
+      end
+      
+      state(:stock_error)
+      state(:internal_error)
+      state(:external_error)
+
+      termination # 終端
+    end
+  end
+
+  validates_presence_of :product_name
+
+  attr_accessor :payment_type
+  def pay_cash_on_delivery?; payment_type == :cash_on_delivery; end
+  def bank_deposit?        ; payment_type == :bank_deposit    ; end
+  def credit_card?         ; payment_type == :credit_card     ; end
+  def foreign_payment?     ; payment_type == :foreign_payment ; end
+
+  attr_accessor :reserve_stock_result
+
+  def reserve_point; end
+  def delete_point; end
+
+  def reserve_stock(*args); end
+  def release_stock; end
+  def reduce_stock; end
+
+  def settle; end
+
+  def send_mail_thanks; end
+  def send_mail_stock_shortage; end
+  def send_mail_invalid_purchage; end
+  def send_mail_deliver_request; end
+  def send_mail_cancel_requested; end
+  def send_mail_cancel_complete; end
+  def send_mail_shipping_for_shop; end
+  def send_mail_shipping_for_customer; end
+  def send_mail_deliver_notification; end
+  def send_mail_settlement_error; end
+
+end

data/spec/schema.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 0) do
   # Users are created and updated by other Users
-  create_table :pages, :force => true do |t|
-    t.column :name,           :string
+  create_table :orders, :force => true do |t|
+    t.column :product_name,   :string
     t.column :status_cd ,     :string, :limit => 2, :null => false, :default => '00'
     t.column :created_on,     :datetime
     t.column :updated_at,     :datetime
@@ -10,15 +10,10 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 0) do
   create_table :state_flow_logs, :force => true do |t|
     t.string :target_type
     t.integer :target_id
-    t.string :origin_state
-    t.string :origin_state_key
-    t.string :dest_state
-    t.string :dest_state_key
     t.string :level, :limit => 5, :null => false, :default => 'debug'
     t.text   :descriptions
     t.datetime :created_on
     t.datetime :updated_at
   end
-  
  
 end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ unless defined?(RAILS_ENV)
   ActiveRecord::Base.logger.formatter = FormatterWithThread.new
     # ActionController::Base.logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
 
-  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
-    {:pool => 10}.update(config[ENV['DB'] || 'sqlite3'])
-    )
+  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(config[ENV['DB'] || 'sqlite3'])
   
   load(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'schema.rb'))