stackprof 0.2.2 → 0.2.3

data/vendor/gprof2dot/gprof2dot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3266 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2008-2009 Jose Fonseca
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+"""Generate a dot graph from the output of several profilers."""
+
+__author__ = "Jose Fonseca et al"
+
+
+import sys
+import math
+import os.path
+import re
+import textwrap
+import optparse
+import xml.parsers.expat
+import collections
+import locale
+
+
+# Python 2.x/3.x compatibility
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    PYTHON_3 = True
+    def compat_iteritems(x): return x.items()  # No iteritems() in Python 3
+    def compat_itervalues(x): return x.values()  # No itervalues() in Python 3
+    def compat_keys(x): return list(x.keys())  # keys() is a generator in Python 3
+    basestring = str  # No class basestring in Python 3
+    unichr = chr # No unichr in Python 3
+    xrange = range # No xrange in Python 3
+else:
+    PYTHON_3 = False
+    def compat_iteritems(x): return x.iteritems()
+    def compat_itervalues(x): return x.itervalues()
+    def compat_keys(x): return x.keys()
+
+
+try:
+    # Debugging helper module
+    import debug
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+MULTIPLICATION_SIGN = unichr(0xd7)
+
+
+def times(x):
+    return "%u%s" % (x, MULTIPLICATION_SIGN)
+
+def percentage(p):
+    return "%.02f%%" % (p*100.0,)
+
+def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def equal(a, b):
+    if a == b:
+        return a
+    else:
+        return None
+
+def fail(a, b):
+    assert False
+
+
+tol = 2 ** -23
+
+def ratio(numerator, denominator):
+    try:
+        ratio = float(numerator)/float(denominator)
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        # 0/0 is undefined, but 1.0 yields more useful results
+        return 1.0
+    if ratio < 0.0:
+        if ratio < -tol:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: negative ratio (%s/%s)\n' % (numerator, denominator))
+        return 0.0
+    if ratio > 1.0:
+        if ratio > 1.0 + tol:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: ratio greater than one (%s/%s)\n' % (numerator, denominator))
+        return 1.0
+    return ratio
+
+
+class UndefinedEvent(Exception):
+    """Raised when attempting to get an event which is undefined."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, event):
+        Exception.__init__(self)
+        self.event = event
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'unspecified event %s' % self.event.name
+
+
+class Event(object):
+    """Describe a kind of event, and its basic operations."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, null, aggregator, formatter = str):
+        self.name = name
+        self._null = null
+        self._aggregator = aggregator
+        self._formatter = formatter
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self is other
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def null(self):
+        return self._null
+
+    def aggregate(self, val1, val2):
+        """Aggregate two event values."""
+        assert val1 is not None
+        assert val2 is not None
+        return self._aggregator(val1, val2)
+    
+    def format(self, val):
+        """Format an event value."""
+        assert val is not None
+        return self._formatter(val)
+
+
+CALLS = Event("Calls", 0, add, times)
+SAMPLES = Event("Samples", 0, add, times)
+SAMPLES2 = Event("Samples", 0, add, times)
+
+# Count of samples where a given function was either executing or on the stack.
+# This is used to calculate the total time ratio according to the
+# straightforward method described in Mike Dunlavey's answer to
+# stackoverflow.com/questions/1777556/alternatives-to-gprof, item 4 (the myth
+# "that recursion is a tricky confusing issue"), last edited 2012-08-30: it's
+# just the ratio of TOTAL_SAMPLES over the number of samples in the profile.
+#
+# Used only when totalMethod == callstacks
+TOTAL_SAMPLES = Event("Samples", 0, add, times)
+
+TIME = Event("Time", 0.0, add, lambda x: '(' + str(x) + ')')
+TIME_RATIO = Event("Time ratio", 0.0, add, lambda x: '(' + percentage(x) + ')')
+TOTAL_TIME = Event("Total time", 0.0, fail)
+TOTAL_TIME_RATIO = Event("Total time ratio", 0.0, fail, percentage)
+
+totalMethod = 'callratios'
+
+
+class Object(object):
+    """Base class for all objects in profile which can store events."""
+
+    def __init__(self, events=None):
+        if events is None:
+            self.events = {}
+        else:
+            self.events = events
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self is other
+
+    def __contains__(self, event):
+        return event in self.events
+    
+    def __getitem__(self, event):
+        try:
+            return self.events[event]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise UndefinedEvent(event)
+    
+    def __setitem__(self, event, value):
+        if value is None:
+            if event in self.events:
+                del self.events[event]
+        else:
+            self.events[event] = value
+
+
+class Call(Object):
+    """A call between functions.
+    
+    There should be at most one call object for every pair of functions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, callee_id):
+        Object.__init__(self)
+        self.callee_id = callee_id
+        self.ratio = None
+        self.weight = None
+
+
+class Function(Object):
+    """A function."""
+
+    def __init__(self, id, name):
+        Object.__init__(self)
+        self.id = id
+        self.name = name
+        self.module = None
+        self.process = None
+        self.calls = {}
+        self.called = None
+        self.weight = None
+        self.cycle = None
+    
+    def add_call(self, call):
+        if call.callee_id in self.calls:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: overwriting call from function %s to %s\n' % (str(self.id), str(call.callee_id)))
+        self.calls[call.callee_id] = call
+
+    def get_call(self, callee_id):
+        if not callee_id in self.calls:
+            call = Call(callee_id)
+            call[SAMPLES] = 0
+            call[SAMPLES2] = 0
+            call[CALLS] = 0
+            self.calls[callee_id] = call
+        return self.calls[callee_id]
+
+    _parenthesis_re = re.compile(r'\([^()]*\)')
+    _angles_re = re.compile(r'<[^<>]*>')
+    _const_re = re.compile(r'\s+const$')
+
+    def stripped_name(self):
+        """Remove extraneous information from C++ demangled function names."""
+
+        name = self.name
+
+        # Strip function parameters from name by recursively removing paired parenthesis
+        while True:
+            name, n = self._parenthesis_re.subn('', name)
+            if not n:
+                break
+
+        # Strip const qualifier
+        name = self._const_re.sub('', name)
+
+        # Strip template parameters from name by recursively removing paired angles
+        while True:
+            name, n = self._angles_re.subn('', name)
+            if not n:
+                break
+
+        return name
+
+    # TODO: write utility functions
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.name
+
+
+class Cycle(Object):
+    """A cycle made from recursive function calls."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Object.__init__(self)
+        # XXX: Do cycles need an id?
+        self.functions = set()
+
+    def add_function(self, function):
+        assert function not in self.functions
+        self.functions.add(function)
+        # XXX: Aggregate events?
+        if function.cycle is not None:
+            for other in function.cycle.functions:
+                if function not in self.functions:
+                    self.add_function(other)
+        function.cycle = self
+
+
+class Profile(Object):
+    """The whole profile."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Object.__init__(self)
+        self.functions = {}
+        self.cycles = []
+
+    def add_function(self, function):
+        if function.id in self.functions:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: overwriting function %s (id %s)\n' % (function.name, str(function.id)))
+        self.functions[function.id] = function
+
+    def add_cycle(self, cycle):
+        self.cycles.append(cycle)
+
+    def validate(self):
+        """Validate the edges."""
+
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            for callee_id in compat_keys(function.calls):
+                assert function.calls[callee_id].callee_id == callee_id
+                if callee_id not in self.functions:
+                    sys.stderr.write('warning: call to undefined function %s from function %s\n' % (str(callee_id), function.name))
+                    del function.calls[callee_id]
+
+    def find_cycles(self):
+        """Find cycles using Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm."""
+
+        # Apply the Tarjan's algorithm successively until all functions are visited
+        visited = set()
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            if function not in visited:
+                self._tarjan(function, 0, [], {}, {}, visited)
+        cycles = []
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            if function.cycle is not None and function.cycle not in cycles:
+                cycles.append(function.cycle)
+        self.cycles = cycles
+        if 0:
+            for cycle in cycles:
+                sys.stderr.write("Cycle:\n")
+                for member in cycle.functions:
+                    sys.stderr.write("\tFunction %s\n" % member.name)
+
+    def prune_root(self, root):
+        visited = set()
+        frontier = set([root])
+        while len(frontier) > 0:
+            node = frontier.pop()
+            visited.add(node)
+            f = self.functions[node]
+            newNodes = f.calls.keys()
+            frontier = frontier.union(set(newNodes) - visited)
+        subtreeFunctions = {}
+        for n in visited:
+            subtreeFunctions[n] = self.functions[n]
+        self.functions = subtreeFunctions
+
+    def prune_leaf(self, leaf):
+        edgesUp = collections.defaultdict(set)
+        for f in self.functions.keys():
+            for n in self.functions[f].calls.keys():
+                edgesUp[n].add(f)
+        # build the tree up
+        visited = set()
+        frontier = set([leaf])
+        while len(frontier) > 0:
+            node = frontier.pop()
+            visited.add(node)
+            frontier = frontier.union(edgesUp[node] - visited)
+        downTree = set(self.functions.keys())
+        upTree = visited
+        path = downTree.intersection(upTree)
+        pathFunctions = {}
+        for n in path:
+            f = self.functions[n]
+            newCalls = {}
+            for c in f.calls.keys():
+                if c in path:
+                    newCalls[c] = f.calls[c]
+            f.calls = newCalls
+            pathFunctions[n] = f
+        self.functions = pathFunctions
+
+
+    def getFunctionId(self, funcName):
+        for f in self.functions:
+            if self.functions[f].name == funcName:
+                return f
+        return False
+    
+    def _tarjan(self, function, order, stack, orders, lowlinks, visited):
+        """Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm.
+
+        See also:
+        - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan's_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
+        """
+
+        visited.add(function)
+        orders[function] = order
+        lowlinks[function] = order
+        order += 1
+        pos = len(stack)
+        stack.append(function)
+        for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+            callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+            # TODO: use a set to optimize lookup
+            if callee not in orders:
+                order = self._tarjan(callee, order, stack, orders, lowlinks, visited)
+                lowlinks[function] = min(lowlinks[function], lowlinks[callee])
+            elif callee in stack:
+                lowlinks[function] = min(lowlinks[function], orders[callee])
+        if lowlinks[function] == orders[function]:
+            # Strongly connected component found
+            members = stack[pos:]
+            del stack[pos:]
+            if len(members) > 1:
+                cycle = Cycle()
+                for member in members:
+                    cycle.add_function(member)
+        return order
+
+    def call_ratios(self, event):
+        # Aggregate for incoming calls
+        cycle_totals = {}
+        for cycle in self.cycles:
+            cycle_totals[cycle] = 0.0
+        function_totals = {}
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            function_totals[function] = 0.0
+
+        # Pass 1:  function_total gets the sum of call[event] for all
+        #          incoming arrows.  Same for cycle_total for all arrows
+        #          that are coming into the *cycle* but are not part of it.
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if event in call.events:
+                        function_totals[callee] += call[event]
+                        if callee.cycle is not None and callee.cycle is not function.cycle:
+                            cycle_totals[callee.cycle] += call[event]
+                    else:
+                        sys.stderr.write("call_ratios: No data for " + function.name + " call to " + callee.name + "\n")
+
+        # Pass 2:  Compute the ratios.  Each call[event] is scaled by the
+        #          function_total of the callee.  Calls into cycles use the
+        #          cycle_total, but not calls within cycles.
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                assert call.ratio is None
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if event in call.events:
+                        if callee.cycle is not None and callee.cycle is not function.cycle:
+                            total = cycle_totals[callee.cycle]
+                        else:
+                            total = function_totals[callee]
+                        call.ratio = ratio(call[event], total)
+                    else:
+                        # Warnings here would only repeat those issued above.
+                        call.ratio = 0.0
+
+    def integrate(self, outevent, inevent):
+        """Propagate function time ratio along the function calls.
+
+        Must be called after finding the cycles.
+
+        See also:
+        - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/graham82gprof.html
+        """
+
+        # Sanity checking
+        assert outevent not in self
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            assert outevent not in function
+            assert inevent in function
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                assert outevent not in call
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    assert call.ratio is not None
+
+        # Aggregate the input for each cycle 
+        for cycle in self.cycles:
+            total = inevent.null()
+            for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+                total = inevent.aggregate(total, function[inevent])
+            self[inevent] = total
+
+        # Integrate along the edges
+        total = inevent.null()
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            total = inevent.aggregate(total, function[inevent])
+            self._integrate_function(function, outevent, inevent)
+        self[outevent] = total
+
+    def _integrate_function(self, function, outevent, inevent):
+        if function.cycle is not None:
+            return self._integrate_cycle(function.cycle, outevent, inevent)
+        else:
+            if outevent not in function:
+                total = function[inevent]
+                for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                    if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                        total += self._integrate_call(call, outevent, inevent)
+                function[outevent] = total
+            return function[outevent]
+    
+    def _integrate_call(self, call, outevent, inevent):
+        assert outevent not in call
+        assert call.ratio is not None
+        callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+        subtotal = call.ratio *self._integrate_function(callee, outevent, inevent)
+        call[outevent] = subtotal
+        return subtotal
+
+    def _integrate_cycle(self, cycle, outevent, inevent):
+        if outevent not in cycle:
+
+            # Compute the outevent for the whole cycle
+            total = inevent.null()
+            for member in cycle.functions:
+                subtotal = member[inevent]
+                for call in compat_itervalues(member.calls):
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if callee.cycle is not cycle:
+                        subtotal += self._integrate_call(call, outevent, inevent)
+                total += subtotal
+            cycle[outevent] = total
+            
+            # Compute the time propagated to callers of this cycle
+            callees = {}
+            for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+                if function.cycle is not cycle:
+                    for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                        callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                        if callee.cycle is cycle:
+                            try:
+                                callees[callee] += call.ratio
+                            except KeyError:
+                                callees[callee] = call.ratio
+            
+            for member in cycle.functions:
+                member[outevent] = outevent.null()
+
+            for callee, call_ratio in compat_iteritems(callees):
+                ranks = {}
+                call_ratios = {}
+                partials = {}
+                self._rank_cycle_function(cycle, callee, 0, ranks)
+                self._call_ratios_cycle(cycle, callee, ranks, call_ratios, set())
+                partial = self._integrate_cycle_function(cycle, callee, call_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent)
+                assert partial == max(partials.values())
+                assert not total or abs(1.0 - partial/(call_ratio*total)) <= 0.001
+
+        return cycle[outevent]
+
+    def _rank_cycle_function(self, cycle, function, rank, ranks):
+        if function not in ranks or ranks[function] > rank:
+            ranks[function] = rank
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if callee.cycle is cycle:
+                        self._rank_cycle_function(cycle, callee, rank + 1, ranks)
+
+    def _call_ratios_cycle(self, cycle, function, ranks, call_ratios, visited):
+        if function not in visited:
+            visited.add(function)
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if callee.cycle is cycle:
+                        if ranks[callee] > ranks[function]:
+                            call_ratios[callee] = call_ratios.get(callee, 0.0) + call.ratio
+                            self._call_ratios_cycle(cycle, callee, ranks, call_ratios, visited)
+
+    def _integrate_cycle_function(self, cycle, function, partial_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent):
+        if function not in partials:
+            partial = partial_ratio*function[inevent]
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                if call.callee_id != function.id:
+                    callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    if callee.cycle is not cycle:
+                        assert outevent in call
+                        partial += partial_ratio*call[outevent]
+                    else:
+                        if ranks[callee] > ranks[function]:
+                            callee_partial = self._integrate_cycle_function(cycle, callee, partial_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent)
+                            call_ratio = ratio(call.ratio, call_ratios[callee])
+                            call_partial = call_ratio*callee_partial
+                            try:
+                                call[outevent] += call_partial
+                            except UndefinedEvent:
+                                call[outevent] = call_partial
+                            partial += call_partial
+            partials[function] = partial
+            try:
+                function[outevent] += partial
+            except UndefinedEvent:
+                function[outevent] = partial
+        return partials[function]
+
+    def aggregate(self, event):
+        """Aggregate an event for the whole profile."""
+
+        total = event.null()
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            try:
+                total = event.aggregate(total, function[event])
+            except UndefinedEvent:
+                return
+        self[event] = total
+
+    def ratio(self, outevent, inevent):
+        assert outevent not in self
+        assert inevent in self
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            assert outevent not in function
+            assert inevent in function
+            function[outevent] = ratio(function[inevent], self[inevent])
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                assert outevent not in call
+                if inevent in call:
+                    call[outevent] = ratio(call[inevent], self[inevent])
+        self[outevent] = 1.0
+
+    def prune(self, node_thres, edge_thres):
+        """Prune the profile"""
+
+        # compute the prune ratios
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            try:
+                function.weight = function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO]
+            except UndefinedEvent:
+                pass
+
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+
+                if TOTAL_TIME_RATIO in call:
+                    # handle exact cases first
+                    call.weight = call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] 
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        # make a safe estimate
+                        call.weight = min(function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO], callee[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO]) 
+                    except UndefinedEvent:
+                        pass
+
+        # prune the nodes
+        for function_id in compat_keys(self.functions):
+            function = self.functions[function_id]
+            if function.weight is not None:
+                if function.weight < node_thres:
+                    del self.functions[function_id]
+
+        # prune the egdes
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            for callee_id in compat_keys(function.calls):
+                call = function.calls[callee_id]
+                if callee_id not in self.functions or call.weight is not None and call.weight < edge_thres:
+                    del function.calls[callee_id]
+    
+    def dump(self):
+        for function in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            sys.stderr.write('Function %s:\n' % (function.name,))
+            self._dump_events(function.events)
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
+                sys.stderr.write('  Call %s:\n' % (callee.name,))
+                self._dump_events(call.events)
+        for cycle in self.cycles:
+            sys.stderr.write('Cycle:\n')
+            self._dump_events(cycle.events)
+            for function in cycle.functions:
+                sys.stderr.write('  Function %s\n' % (function.name,))
+
+    def _dump_events(self, events):
+        for event, value in compat_iteritems(events):
+            sys.stderr.write('    %s: %s\n' % (event.name, event.format(value)))
+
+
+class Struct:
+    """Masquerade a dictionary with a structure-like behavior."""
+
+    def __init__(self, attrs = None):
+        if attrs is None:
+            attrs = {}
+        self.__dict__['_attrs'] = attrs
+    
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return self._attrs[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+        self._attrs[name] = value
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._attrs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self._attrs)
+    
+
+class ParseError(Exception):
+    """Raised when parsing to signal mismatches."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, line):
+        self.msg = msg
+        # TODO: store more source line information
+        self.line = line
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '%s: %r' % (self.msg, self.line)
+
+
+class Parser:
+    """Parser interface."""
+
+    stdinInput = True
+    multipleInput = False
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def parse(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    
+class LineParser(Parser):
+    """Base class for parsers that read line-based formats."""
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        self._stream = stream
+        self.__line = None
+        self.__eof = False
+        self.line_no = 0
+
+    def readline(self):
+        line = self._stream.readline()
+        if not line:
+            self.__line = ''
+            self.__eof = True
+        else:
+            self.line_no += 1
+        line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
+        if not PYTHON_3:
+            encoding = self._stream.encoding
+            if encoding is None:
+                encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
+            line = line.decode(encoding)
+        self.__line = line
+
+    def lookahead(self):
+        assert self.__line is not None
+        return self.__line
+
+    def consume(self):
+        assert self.__line is not None
+        line = self.__line
+        self.readline()
+        return line
+
+    def eof(self):
+        assert self.__line is not None
+        return self.__eof
+
+
+XML_ELEMENT_START, XML_ELEMENT_END, XML_CHARACTER_DATA, XML_EOF = range(4)
+
+
+class XmlToken:
+
+    def __init__(self, type, name_or_data, attrs = None, line = None, column = None):
+        assert type in (XML_ELEMENT_START, XML_ELEMENT_END, XML_CHARACTER_DATA, XML_EOF)
+        self.type = type
+        self.name_or_data = name_or_data
+        self.attrs = attrs
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            return '<' + self.name_or_data + ' ...>'
+        if self.type == XML_ELEMENT_END:
+            return '</' + self.name_or_data + '>'
+        if self.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
+            return self.name_or_data
+        if self.type == XML_EOF:
+            return 'end of file'
+        assert 0
+
+
+class XmlTokenizer:
+    """Expat based XML tokenizer."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fp, skip_ws = True):
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.tokens = []
+        self.index = 0
+        self.final = False
+        self.skip_ws = skip_ws
+        
+        self.character_pos = 0, 0
+        self.character_data = ''
+        
+        self.parser = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate()
+        self.parser.StartElementHandler  = self.handle_element_start
+        self.parser.EndElementHandler    = self.handle_element_end
+        self.parser.CharacterDataHandler = self.handle_character_data
+    
+    def handle_element_start(self, name, attributes):
+        self.finish_character_data()
+        line, column = self.pos()
+        token = XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name, attributes, line, column)
+        self.tokens.append(token)
+    
+    def handle_element_end(self, name):
+        self.finish_character_data()
+        line, column = self.pos()
+        token = XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name, None, line, column)
+        self.tokens.append(token)
+
+    def handle_character_data(self, data):
+        if not self.character_data:
+            self.character_pos = self.pos()
+        self.character_data += data
+    
+    def finish_character_data(self):
+        if self.character_data:
+            if not self.skip_ws or not self.character_data.isspace(): 
+                line, column = self.character_pos
+                token = XmlToken(XML_CHARACTER_DATA, self.character_data, None, line, column)
+                self.tokens.append(token)
+            self.character_data = ''
+    
+    def next(self):
+        size = 16*1024
+        while self.index >= len(self.tokens) and not self.final:
+            self.tokens = []
+            self.index = 0
+            data = self.fp.read(size)
+            self.final = len(data) < size
+            try:
+                self.parser.Parse(data, self.final)
+            except xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError as e:
+                #if e.code == xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS:
+                if e.code == 3:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    raise e
+        if self.index >= len(self.tokens):
+            line, column = self.pos()
+            token = XmlToken(XML_EOF, None, None, line, column)
+        else:
+            token = self.tokens[self.index]
+            self.index += 1
+        return token
+
+    def pos(self):
+        return self.parser.CurrentLineNumber, self.parser.CurrentColumnNumber
+
+
+class XmlTokenMismatch(Exception):
+
+    def __init__(self, expected, found):
+        self.expected = expected
+        self.found = found
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '%u:%u: %s expected, %s found' % (self.found.line, self.found.column, str(self.expected), str(self.found))
+
+
+class XmlParser(Parser):
+    """Base XML document parser."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        self.tokenizer = XmlTokenizer(fp)
+        self.consume()
+    
+    def consume(self):
+        self.token = self.tokenizer.next()
+
+    def match_element_start(self, name):
+        return self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START and self.token.name_or_data == name
+    
+    def match_element_end(self, name):
+        return self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_END and self.token.name_or_data == name
+
+    def element_start(self, name):
+        while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
+            self.consume()
+        if self.token.type != XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name), self.token)
+        if self.token.name_or_data != name:
+            raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name), self.token)
+        attrs = self.token.attrs
+        self.consume()
+        return attrs
+    
+    def element_end(self, name):
+        while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
+            self.consume()
+        if self.token.type != XML_ELEMENT_END:
+            raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name), self.token)
+        if self.token.name_or_data != name:
+            raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name), self.token)
+        self.consume()
+
+    def character_data(self, strip = True):
+        data = ''
+        while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
+            data += self.token.name_or_data
+            self.consume()
+        if strip:
+            data = data.strip()
+        return data
+
+
+class GprofParser(Parser):
+    """Parser for GNU gprof output.
+
+    See also:
+    - Chapter "Interpreting gprof's Output" from the GNU gprof manual
+      http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs-2.18/gprof/Call-Graph.html#Call-Graph
+    - File "cg_print.c" from the GNU gprof source code
+      http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/gprof/cg_print.c?rev=1.12&cvsroot=src
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.functions = {}
+        self.cycles = {}
+
+    def readline(self):
+        line = self.fp.readline()
+        if not line:
+            sys.stderr.write('error: unexpected end of file\n')
+            sys.exit(1)
+        line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
+        return line
+
+    _int_re = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
+    _float_re = re.compile(r'^\d+\.\d+$')
+
+    def translate(self, mo):
+        """Extract a structure from a match object, while translating the types in the process."""
+        attrs = {}
+        groupdict = mo.groupdict()
+        for name, value in compat_iteritems(groupdict):
+            if value is None:
+                value = None
+            elif self._int_re.match(value):
+                value = int(value)
+            elif self._float_re.match(value):
+                value = float(value)
+            attrs[name] = (value)
+        return Struct(attrs)
+
+    _cg_header_re = re.compile(
+        # original gprof header
+        r'^\s+called/total\s+parents\s*$|' +
+        r'^index\s+%time\s+self\s+descendents\s+called\+self\s+name\s+index\s*$|' +
+        r'^\s+called/total\s+children\s*$|' +
+        # GNU gprof header
+        r'^index\s+%\s+time\s+self\s+children\s+called\s+name\s*$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_ignore_re = re.compile(
+        # spontaneous
+        r'^\s+<spontaneous>\s*$|'
+        # internal calls (such as "mcount")
+        r'^.*\((\d+)\)$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_primary_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?:(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s\[(\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_parent_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<called>\d+)(?:/(?P<called_total>\d+))?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_child_re = _cg_parent_re
+
+    _cg_cycle_header_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?:(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?)?' + 
+        r'\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)\sas\sa\swhole>' +
+        r'\s\[(\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_cycle_member_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_sep_re = re.compile(r'^--+$')
+
+    def parse_function_entry(self, lines):
+        parents = []
+        children = []
+
+        while True:
+            if not lines:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unexpected end of entry\n')
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            if line.startswith('['):
+                break
+        
+            # read function parent line
+            mo = self._cg_parent_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                if self._cg_ignore_re.match(line):
+                    continue
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
+            else:
+                parent = self.translate(mo)
+                parents.append(parent)
+
+        # read primary line
+        mo = self._cg_primary_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
+            return
+        else:
+            function = self.translate(mo)
+
+        while lines:
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            
+            # read function subroutine line
+            mo = self._cg_child_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                if self._cg_ignore_re.match(line):
+                    continue
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
+            else:
+                child = self.translate(mo)
+                children.append(child)
+        
+        function.parents = parents
+        function.children = children
+
+        self.functions[function.index] = function
+
+    def parse_cycle_entry(self, lines):
+
+        # read cycle header line
+        line = lines[0]
+        mo = self._cg_cycle_header_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
+            return
+        cycle = self.translate(mo)
+
+        # read cycle member lines
+        cycle.functions = []
+        for line in lines[1:]:
+            mo = self._cg_cycle_member_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
+                continue
+            call = self.translate(mo)
+            cycle.functions.append(call)
+        
+        self.cycles[cycle.cycle] = cycle
+
+    def parse_cg_entry(self, lines):
+        if lines[0].startswith("["):
+            self.parse_cycle_entry(lines)
+        else:
+            self.parse_function_entry(lines)
+
+    def parse_cg(self):
+        """Parse the call graph."""
+
+        # skip call graph header
+        while not self._cg_header_re.match(self.readline()):
+            pass
+        line = self.readline()
+        while self._cg_header_re.match(line):
+            line = self.readline()
+
+        # process call graph entries
+        entry_lines = []
+        while line != '\014': # form feed
+            if line and not line.isspace():
+                if self._cg_sep_re.match(line):
+                    self.parse_cg_entry(entry_lines)
+                    entry_lines = []
+                else:
+                    entry_lines.append(line)            
+            line = self.readline()
+    
+    def parse(self):
+        self.parse_cg()
+        self.fp.close()
+
+        profile = Profile()
+        profile[TIME] = 0.0
+        
+        cycles = {}
+        for index in self.cycles:
+            cycles[index] = Cycle()
+
+        for entry in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            # populate the function
+            function = Function(entry.index, entry.name)
+            function[TIME] = entry.self
+            if entry.called is not None:
+                function.called = entry.called
+            if entry.called_self is not None:
+                call = Call(entry.index)
+                call[CALLS] = entry.called_self
+                function.called += entry.called_self
+            
+            # populate the function calls
+            for child in entry.children:
+                call = Call(child.index)
+                
+                assert child.called is not None
+                call[CALLS] = child.called
+
+                if child.index not in self.functions:
+                    # NOTE: functions that were never called but were discovered by gprof's 
+                    # static call graph analysis dont have a call graph entry so we need
+                    # to add them here
+                    missing = Function(child.index, child.name)
+                    function[TIME] = 0.0
+                    function.called = 0
+                    profile.add_function(missing)
+
+                function.add_call(call)
+
+            profile.add_function(function)
+
+            if entry.cycle is not None:
+                try:
+                    cycle = cycles[entry.cycle]
+                except KeyError:
+                    sys.stderr.write('warning: <cycle %u as a whole> entry missing\n' % entry.cycle) 
+                    cycle = Cycle()
+                    cycles[entry.cycle] = cycle
+                cycle.add_function(function)
+
+            profile[TIME] = profile[TIME] + function[TIME]
+
+        for cycle in compat_itervalues(cycles):
+            profile.add_cycle(cycle)
+
+        # Compute derived events
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, TIME)
+        profile.call_ratios(CALLS)
+        profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME, TIME)
+        profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
+
+        return profile
+
+
+# Clone&hack of GprofParser for VTune Amplifier XE 2013 gprof-cc output.
+# Tested only with AXE 2013 for Windows.
+#   - Use total times as reported by AXE.
+#   - In the absence of call counts, call ratios are faked from the relative
+#     proportions of total time.  This affects only the weighting of the calls.
+#   - Different header, separator, and end marker.
+#   - Extra whitespace after function names.
+#   - You get a full entry for <spontaneous>, which does not have parents.
+#   - Cycles do have parents.  These are saved but unused (as they are
+#     for functions).
+#   - Disambiguated "unrecognized call graph entry" error messages.
+# Notes:
+#   - Total time of functions as reported by AXE passes the val3 test.
+#   - CPU Time:Children in the input is sometimes a negative number.  This
+#     value goes to the variable descendants, which is unused.
+#   - The format of gprof-cc reports is unaffected by the use of
+#       -knob enable-call-counts=true (no call counts, ever), or
+#       -show-as=samples (results are quoted in seconds regardless).
+class AXEParser(Parser):
+    "Parser for VTune Amplifier XE 2013 gprof-cc report output."
+
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.functions = {}
+        self.cycles = {}
+
+    def readline(self):
+        line = self.fp.readline()
+        if not line:
+            sys.stderr.write('error: unexpected end of file\n')
+            sys.exit(1)
+        line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
+        return line
+
+    _int_re = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
+    _float_re = re.compile(r'^\d+\.\d+$')
+
+    def translate(self, mo):
+        """Extract a structure from a match object, while translating the types in the process."""
+        attrs = {}
+        groupdict = mo.groupdict()
+        for name, value in compat_iteritems(groupdict):
+            if value is None:
+                value = None
+            elif self._int_re.match(value):
+                value = int(value)
+            elif self._float_re.match(value):
+                value = float(value)
+            attrs[name] = (value)
+        return Struct(attrs)
+
+    _cg_header_re = re.compile(
+        '^Index |'
+        '^-----+ '
+    )
+
+    _cg_footer_re = re.compile('^Index\s+Function\s*$')
+
+    _cg_primary_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s+\[(\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_parent_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s+\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_child_re = _cg_parent_re
+
+    _cg_cycle_header_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' + 
+        r'\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)\sas\sa\swhole>' +
+        r'\s+\[(\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    _cg_cycle_member_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
+        r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
+        r'\s+\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
+    )
+
+    def parse_function_entry(self, lines):
+        parents = []
+        children = []
+
+        while True:
+            if not lines:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unexpected end of entry\n')
+                return
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            if line.startswith('['):
+                break
+        
+            # read function parent line
+            mo = self._cg_parent_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (1): %r\n' % line)
+            else:
+                parent = self.translate(mo)
+                if parent.name != '<spontaneous>':
+                    parents.append(parent)
+
+        # read primary line
+        mo = self._cg_primary_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (2): %r\n' % line)
+            return
+        else:
+            function = self.translate(mo)
+
+        while lines:
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            
+            # read function subroutine line
+            mo = self._cg_child_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (3): %r\n' % line)
+            else:
+                child = self.translate(mo)
+                if child.name != '<spontaneous>':
+                    children.append(child)
+
+        if function.name != '<spontaneous>':
+            function.parents = parents
+            function.children = children
+
+            self.functions[function.index] = function
+
+    def parse_cycle_entry(self, lines):
+
+        # Process the parents that were not there in gprof format.
+        parents = []
+        while True:
+            if not lines:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unexpected end of cycle entry\n')
+                return
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            if line.startswith('['):
+                break
+            mo = self._cg_parent_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (6): %r\n' % line)
+            else:
+                parent = self.translate(mo)
+                if parent.name != '<spontaneous>':
+                    parents.append(parent)
+
+        # read cycle header line
+        mo = self._cg_cycle_header_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (4): %r\n' % line)
+            return
+        cycle = self.translate(mo)
+
+        # read cycle member lines
+        cycle.functions = []
+        for line in lines[1:]:
+            mo = self._cg_cycle_member_re.match(line)
+            if not mo:
+                sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry (5): %r\n' % line)
+                continue
+            call = self.translate(mo)
+            cycle.functions.append(call)
+        
+        cycle.parents = parents
+        self.cycles[cycle.cycle] = cycle
+
+    def parse_cg_entry(self, lines):
+        if any("as a whole" in linelooper for linelooper in lines):
+            self.parse_cycle_entry(lines)
+        else:
+            self.parse_function_entry(lines)
+
+    def parse_cg(self):
+        """Parse the call graph."""
+
+        # skip call graph header
+        line = self.readline()
+        while self._cg_header_re.match(line):
+            line = self.readline()
+
+        # process call graph entries
+        entry_lines = []
+        # An EOF in readline terminates the program without returning.
+        while not self._cg_footer_re.match(line):
+            if line.isspace():
+                self.parse_cg_entry(entry_lines)
+                entry_lines = []
+            else:
+                entry_lines.append(line)            
+            line = self.readline()
+
+    def parse(self):
+        sys.stderr.write('warning: for axe format, edge weights are unreliable estimates derived from\nfunction total times.\n')
+        self.parse_cg()
+        self.fp.close()
+
+        profile = Profile()
+        profile[TIME] = 0.0
+        
+        cycles = {}
+        for index in self.cycles:
+            cycles[index] = Cycle()
+
+        for entry in compat_itervalues(self.functions):
+            # populate the function
+            function = Function(entry.index, entry.name)
+            function[TIME] = entry.self
+            function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = entry.percentage_time / 100.0
+            
+            # populate the function calls
+            for child in entry.children:
+                call = Call(child.index)
+                # The following bogus value affects only the weighting of
+                # the calls.
+                call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO]
+
+                if child.index not in self.functions:
+                    # NOTE: functions that were never called but were discovered by gprof's 
+                    # static call graph analysis dont have a call graph entry so we need
+                    # to add them here
+                    # FIXME: Is this applicable?
+                    missing = Function(child.index, child.name)
+                    function[TIME] = 0.0
+                    profile.add_function(missing)
+
+                function.add_call(call)
+
+            profile.add_function(function)
+
+            if entry.cycle is not None:
+                try:
+                    cycle = cycles[entry.cycle]
+                except KeyError:
+                    sys.stderr.write('warning: <cycle %u as a whole> entry missing\n' % entry.cycle) 
+                    cycle = Cycle()
+                    cycles[entry.cycle] = cycle
+                cycle.add_function(function)
+
+            profile[TIME] = profile[TIME] + function[TIME]
+
+        for cycle in compat_itervalues(cycles):
+            profile.add_cycle(cycle)
+
+        # Compute derived events.
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, TIME)
+        # Lacking call counts, fake call ratios based on total times.
+        profile.call_ratios(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO)
+        # The TOTAL_TIME_RATIO of functions is already set.  Propagate that
+        # total time to the calls.  (TOTAL_TIME is neither set nor used.)
+        for function in compat_itervalues(profile.functions):
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                if call.ratio is not None:
+                    callee = profile.functions[call.callee_id]
+                    call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = call.ratio * callee[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO];
+
+        return profile
+
+
+class CallgrindParser(LineParser):
+    """Parser for valgrind's callgrind tool.
+    
+    See also:
+    - http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-format.html
+    """
+
+    _call_re = re.compile('^calls=\s*(\d+)\s+((\d+|\+\d+|-\d+|\*)\s+)+$')
+
+    def __init__(self, infile):
+        LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
+
+        # Textual positions
+        self.position_ids = {}
+        self.positions = {}
+
+        # Numeric positions
+        self.num_positions = 1
+        self.cost_positions = ['line']
+        self.last_positions = [0]
+
+        # Events
+        self.num_events = 0
+        self.cost_events = []
+
+        self.profile = Profile()
+        self.profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+
+    def parse(self):
+        # read lookahead
+        self.readline()
+
+        self.parse_key('version')
+        self.parse_key('creator')
+        while self.parse_part():
+            pass
+        if not self.eof():
+            sys.stderr.write('warning: line %u: unexpected line\n' % self.line_no)
+            sys.stderr.write('%s\n' % self.lookahead())
+
+        # compute derived data
+        self.profile.validate()
+        self.profile.find_cycles()
+        self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        self.profile.call_ratios(CALLS)
+        self.profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return self.profile
+
+    def parse_part(self):
+        if not self.parse_header_line():
+            return False
+        while self.parse_header_line():
+            pass
+        if not self.parse_body_line():
+            return False
+        while self.parse_body_line():
+            pass
+        return True
+
+    def parse_header_line(self):
+        return \
+            self.parse_empty() or \
+            self.parse_comment() or \
+            self.parse_part_detail() or \
+            self.parse_description() or \
+            self.parse_event_specification() or \
+            self.parse_cost_line_def() or \
+            self.parse_cost_summary()
+
+    _detail_keys = set(('cmd', 'pid', 'thread', 'part'))
+
+    def parse_part_detail(self):
+        return self.parse_keys(self._detail_keys)
+
+    def parse_description(self):
+        return self.parse_key('desc') is not None
+
+    def parse_event_specification(self):
+        event = self.parse_key('event')
+        if event is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def parse_cost_line_def(self):
+        pair = self.parse_keys(('events', 'positions'))
+        if pair is None:
+            return False
+        key, value = pair
+        items = value.split()
+        if key == 'events':
+            self.num_events = len(items)
+            self.cost_events = items
+        if key == 'positions':
+            self.num_positions = len(items)
+            self.cost_positions = items
+            self.last_positions = [0]*self.num_positions
+        return True
+
+    def parse_cost_summary(self):
+        pair = self.parse_keys(('summary', 'totals'))
+        if pair is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def parse_body_line(self):
+        return \
+            self.parse_empty() or \
+            self.parse_comment() or \
+            self.parse_cost_line() or \
+            self.parse_position_spec() or \
+            self.parse_association_spec()
+
+    __subpos_re = r'(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|\d+|\+\d+|-\d+|\*)'
+    _cost_re = re.compile(r'^' + 
+        __subpos_re + r'( +' + __subpos_re + r')*' +
+        r'( +\d+)*' +
+    '$')
+
+    def parse_cost_line(self, calls=None):
+        line = self.lookahead().rstrip()
+        mo = self._cost_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            return False
+
+        function = self.get_function()
+
+        if calls is None:
+            # Unlike other aspects, call object (cob) is relative not to the
+            # last call object, but to the caller's object (ob), so try to
+            # update it when processing a functions cost line
+            try:
+                self.positions['cob'] = self.positions['ob']
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+        values = line.split()
+        assert len(values) <= self.num_positions + self.num_events
+
+        positions = values[0 : self.num_positions]
+        events = values[self.num_positions : ]
+        events += ['0']*(self.num_events - len(events))
+
+        for i in range(self.num_positions):
+            position = positions[i]
+            if position == '*':
+                position = self.last_positions[i]
+            elif position[0] in '-+':
+                position = self.last_positions[i] + int(position)
+            elif position.startswith('0x'):
+                position = int(position, 16)
+            else:
+                position = int(position)
+            self.last_positions[i] = position
+
+        events = [float(event) for event in events]
+
+        if calls is None:
+            function[SAMPLES] += events[0] 
+            self.profile[SAMPLES] += events[0]
+        else:
+            callee = self.get_callee()
+            callee.called += calls
+    
+            try:
+                call = function.calls[callee.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                call = Call(callee.id)
+                call[CALLS] = calls
+                call[SAMPLES] = events[0]
+                function.add_call(call)
+            else:
+                call[CALLS] += calls
+                call[SAMPLES] += events[0]
+
+        self.consume()
+        return True
+
+    def parse_association_spec(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        if not line.startswith('calls='):
+            return False
+
+        _, values = line.split('=', 1)
+        values = values.strip().split()
+        calls = int(values[0])
+        call_position = values[1:]
+        self.consume()
+
+        self.parse_cost_line(calls)
+
+        return True
+
+    _position_re = re.compile('^(?P<position>[cj]?(?:ob|fl|fi|fe|fn))=\s*(?:\((?P<id>\d+)\))?(?:\s*(?P<name>.+))?')
+
+    _position_table_map = {
+        'ob': 'ob',
+        'fl': 'fl',
+        'fi': 'fl',
+        'fe': 'fl',
+        'fn': 'fn',
+        'cob': 'ob',
+        'cfl': 'fl',
+        'cfi': 'fl',
+        'cfe': 'fl',
+        'cfn': 'fn',
+        'jfi': 'fl',
+    }
+
+    _position_map = {
+        'ob': 'ob',
+        'fl': 'fl',
+        'fi': 'fl',
+        'fe': 'fl',
+        'fn': 'fn',
+        'cob': 'cob',
+        'cfl': 'cfl',
+        'cfi': 'cfl',
+        'cfe': 'cfl',
+        'cfn': 'cfn',
+        'jfi': 'jfi',
+    }
+
+    def parse_position_spec(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        
+        if line.startswith('jump=') or line.startswith('jcnd='):
+            self.consume()
+            return True
+
+        mo = self._position_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            return False
+
+        position, id, name = mo.groups()
+        if id:
+            table = self._position_table_map[position]
+            if name:
+                self.position_ids[(table, id)] = name
+            else:
+                name = self.position_ids.get((table, id), '')
+        self.positions[self._position_map[position]] = name
+
+        self.consume()
+        return True
+
+    def parse_empty(self):
+        if self.eof():
+            return False
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        if line.strip():
+            return False
+        self.consume()
+        return True
+
+    def parse_comment(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        if not line.startswith('#'):
+            return False
+        self.consume()
+        return True
+
+    _key_re = re.compile(r'^(\w+):')
+
+    def parse_key(self, key):
+        pair = self.parse_keys((key,))
+        if not pair:
+            return None
+        key, value = pair
+        return value
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        mo = self._key_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            return None
+        key, value = line.split(':', 1)
+        if key not in keys:
+            return None
+        value = value.strip()
+        self.consume()
+        return key, value
+
+    def parse_keys(self, keys):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        mo = self._key_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            return None
+        key, value = line.split(':', 1)
+        if key not in keys:
+            return None
+        value = value.strip()
+        self.consume()
+        return key, value
+
+    def make_function(self, module, filename, name):
+        # FIXME: module and filename are not being tracked reliably
+        #id = '|'.join((module, filename, name))
+        id = name
+        try:
+            function = self.profile.functions[id]
+        except KeyError:
+            function = Function(id, name)
+            if module:
+                function.module = os.path.basename(module)
+            function[SAMPLES] = 0
+            function.called = 0
+            self.profile.add_function(function)
+        return function
+
+    def get_function(self):
+        module = self.positions.get('ob', '')
+        filename = self.positions.get('fl', '') 
+        function = self.positions.get('fn', '') 
+        return self.make_function(module, filename, function)
+
+    def get_callee(self):
+        module = self.positions.get('cob', '')
+        filename = self.positions.get('cfi', '') 
+        function = self.positions.get('cfn', '') 
+        return self.make_function(module, filename, function)
+
+
+class PerfParser(LineParser):
+    """Parser for linux perf callgraph output.
+
+    It expects output generated with
+
+        perf record -g
+        perf script | gprof2dot.py --format=perf
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, infile):
+        LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
+        self.profile = Profile()
+
+    def readline(self):
+        # Override LineParser.readline to ignore comment lines
+        while True:
+            LineParser.readline(self)
+            if self.eof() or not self.lookahead().startswith('#'):
+                break
+
+    def parse(self):
+        # read lookahead
+        self.readline()
+
+        profile = self.profile
+        profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+        while not self.eof():
+            self.parse_event()
+
+        # compute derived data
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.find_cycles()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        if totalMethod == "callratios":
+            # Heuristic approach.  TOTAL_SAMPLES is unused.
+            profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+        elif totalMethod == "callstacks":
+            # Use the actual call chains for functions.
+            profile[TOTAL_SAMPLES] = profile[SAMPLES]
+            profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_SAMPLES)
+            # Then propagate that total time to the calls.
+            for function in compat_itervalues(profile.functions):
+                for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                    if call.ratio is not None:
+                        callee = profile.functions[call.callee_id]
+                        call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = call.ratio * callee[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO];
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+        return profile
+
+    def parse_event(self):
+        if self.eof():
+            return
+
+        line = self.consume()
+        assert line
+
+        callchain = self.parse_callchain()
+        if not callchain:
+            return
+
+        callee = callchain[0]
+        callee[SAMPLES] += 1
+        self.profile[SAMPLES] += 1
+
+        for caller in callchain[1:]:
+            try:
+                call = caller.calls[callee.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                call = Call(callee.id)
+                call[SAMPLES2] = 1
+                caller.add_call(call)
+            else:
+                call[SAMPLES2] += 1
+
+            callee = caller
+
+        # Increment TOTAL_SAMPLES only once on each function.
+        stack = set(callchain)
+        for function in stack:
+            function[TOTAL_SAMPLES] += 1
+
+    def parse_callchain(self):
+        callchain = []
+        while self.lookahead():
+            function = self.parse_call()
+            if function is None:
+                break
+            callchain.append(function)
+        if self.lookahead() == '':
+            self.consume()
+        return callchain
+
+    call_re = re.compile(r'^\s+(?P<address>[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+(?P<symbol>.*)\s+\((?P<module>[^)]*)\)$')
+
+    def parse_call(self):
+        line = self.consume()
+        mo = self.call_re.match(line)
+        assert mo
+        if not mo:
+            return None
+
+        function_name = mo.group('symbol')
+        if not function_name:
+            function_name = mo.group('address')
+
+        module = mo.group('module')
+
+        function_id = function_name + ':' + module
+
+        try:
+            function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            function = Function(function_id, function_name)
+            function.module = os.path.basename(module)
+            function[SAMPLES] = 0
+            function[TOTAL_SAMPLES] = 0
+            self.profile.add_function(function)
+
+        return function
+
+
+class OprofileParser(LineParser):
+    """Parser for oprofile callgraph output.
+    
+    See also:
+    - http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/doc/opreport.html#opreport-callgraph
+    """
+
+    _fields_re = {
+        'samples': r'(\d+)',
+        '%': r'(\S+)',
+        'linenr info': r'(?P<source>\(no location information\)|\S+:\d+)',
+        'image name': r'(?P<image>\S+(?:\s\(tgid:[^)]*\))?)',
+        'app name': r'(?P<application>\S+)',
+        'symbol name': r'(?P<symbol>\(no symbols\)|.+?)',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, infile):
+        LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
+        self.entries = {}
+        self.entry_re = None
+
+    def add_entry(self, callers, function, callees):
+        try:
+            entry = self.entries[function.id]
+        except KeyError:
+            self.entries[function.id] = (callers, function, callees)
+        else:
+            callers_total, function_total, callees_total = entry
+            self.update_subentries_dict(callers_total, callers)
+            function_total.samples += function.samples
+            self.update_subentries_dict(callees_total, callees)
+    
+    def update_subentries_dict(self, totals, partials):
+        for partial in compat_itervalues(partials):
+            try:
+                total = totals[partial.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                totals[partial.id] = partial
+            else:
+                total.samples += partial.samples
+        
+    def parse(self):
+        # read lookahead
+        self.readline()
+
+        self.parse_header()
+        while self.lookahead():
+            self.parse_entry()
+
+        profile = Profile()
+
+        reverse_call_samples = {}
+        
+        # populate the profile
+        profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+        for _callers, _function, _callees in compat_itervalues(self.entries):
+            function = Function(_function.id, _function.name)
+            function[SAMPLES] = _function.samples
+            profile.add_function(function)
+            profile[SAMPLES] += _function.samples
+
+            if _function.application:
+                function.process = os.path.basename(_function.application)
+            if _function.image:
+                function.module = os.path.basename(_function.image)
+
+            total_callee_samples = 0
+            for _callee in compat_itervalues(_callees):
+                total_callee_samples += _callee.samples
+
+            for _callee in compat_itervalues(_callees):
+                if not _callee.self:
+                    call = Call(_callee.id)
+                    call[SAMPLES2] = _callee.samples
+                    function.add_call(call)
+                
+        # compute derived data
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.find_cycles()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return profile
+
+    def parse_header(self):
+        while not self.match_header():
+            self.consume()
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        fields = re.split(r'\s\s+', line)
+        entry_re = r'^\s*' + r'\s+'.join([self._fields_re[field] for field in fields]) + r'(?P<self>\s+\[self\])?$'
+        self.entry_re = re.compile(entry_re)
+        self.skip_separator()
+
+    def parse_entry(self):
+        callers = self.parse_subentries()
+        if self.match_primary():
+            function = self.parse_subentry()
+            if function is not None:
+                callees = self.parse_subentries()
+                self.add_entry(callers, function, callees)
+        self.skip_separator()
+
+    def parse_subentries(self):
+        subentries = {}
+        while self.match_secondary():
+            subentry = self.parse_subentry()
+            subentries[subentry.id] = subentry
+        return subentries
+
+    def parse_subentry(self):
+        entry = Struct()
+        line = self.consume()
+        mo = self.entry_re.match(line)
+        if not mo:
+            raise ParseError('failed to parse', line)
+        fields = mo.groupdict()
+        entry.samples = int(mo.group(1))
+        if 'source' in fields and fields['source'] != '(no location information)':
+            source = fields['source']
+            filename, lineno = source.split(':')
+            entry.filename = filename
+            entry.lineno = int(lineno)
+        else:
+            source = ''
+            entry.filename = None
+            entry.lineno = None
+        entry.image = fields.get('image', '')
+        entry.application = fields.get('application', '')
+        if 'symbol' in fields and fields['symbol'] != '(no symbols)':
+            entry.symbol = fields['symbol']
+        else:
+            entry.symbol = ''
+        if entry.symbol.startswith('"') and entry.symbol.endswith('"'):
+            entry.symbol = entry.symbol[1:-1]
+        entry.id = ':'.join((entry.application, entry.image, source, entry.symbol))
+        entry.self = fields.get('self', None) != None
+        if entry.self:
+            entry.id += ':self'
+        if entry.symbol:
+            entry.name = entry.symbol
+        else:
+            entry.name = entry.image
+        return entry
+
+    def skip_separator(self):
+        while not self.match_separator():
+            self.consume()
+        self.consume()
+
+    def match_header(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        return line.startswith('samples')
+
+    def match_separator(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        return line == '-'*len(line)
+
+    def match_primary(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        return not line[:1].isspace()
+    
+    def match_secondary(self):
+        line = self.lookahead()
+        return line[:1].isspace()
+
+
+class HProfParser(LineParser):
+    """Parser for java hprof output
+    
+    See also:
+    - http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Programming/HPROF.html
+    """
+
+    trace_re = re.compile(r'\t(.*)\((.*):(.*)\)')
+    trace_id_re = re.compile(r'^TRACE (\d+):$')
+
+    def __init__(self, infile):
+        LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
+        self.traces = {}
+        self.samples = {}
+
+    def parse(self):
+        # read lookahead
+        self.readline()
+
+        while not self.lookahead().startswith('------'): self.consume()
+        while not self.lookahead().startswith('TRACE '): self.consume()
+
+        self.parse_traces()
+
+        while not self.lookahead().startswith('CPU'):
+            self.consume()
+
+        self.parse_samples()
+
+        # populate the profile
+        profile = Profile()
+        profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+
+        functions = {}
+
+        # build up callgraph
+        for id, trace in compat_iteritems(self.traces):
+            if not id in self.samples: continue
+            mtime = self.samples[id][0]
+            last = None
+
+            for func, file, line in trace:
+                if not func in functions:
+                    function = Function(func, func)
+                    function[SAMPLES] = 0
+                    profile.add_function(function)
+                    functions[func] = function
+
+                function = functions[func]
+                # allocate time to the deepest method in the trace
+                if not last:
+                    function[SAMPLES] += mtime
+                    profile[SAMPLES] += mtime
+                else:
+                    c = function.get_call(last)
+                    c[SAMPLES2] += mtime
+
+                last = func
+
+        # compute derived data
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.find_cycles()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return profile
+
+    def parse_traces(self):
+        while self.lookahead().startswith('TRACE '):
+            self.parse_trace()
+
+    def parse_trace(self):
+        l = self.consume()
+        mo = self.trace_id_re.match(l)
+        tid = mo.group(1)
+        last = None
+        trace = []
+
+        while self.lookahead().startswith('\t'):
+            l = self.consume()
+            match = self.trace_re.search(l)
+            if not match:
+                #sys.stderr.write('Invalid line: %s\n' % l)
+                break
+            else:
+                function_name, file, line = match.groups()
+                trace += [(function_name, file, line)]
+
+        self.traces[int(tid)] = trace
+
+    def parse_samples(self):
+        self.consume()
+        self.consume()
+
+        while not self.lookahead().startswith('CPU'):
+            rank, percent_self, percent_accum, count, traceid, method = self.lookahead().split()
+            self.samples[int(traceid)] = (int(count), method)
+            self.consume()
+
+
+class SysprofParser(XmlParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        XmlParser.__init__(self, stream)
+
+    def parse(self):
+        objects = {}
+        nodes = {}
+
+        self.element_start('profile')
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            if self.token.name_or_data == 'objects':
+                assert not objects
+                objects = self.parse_items('objects')
+            elif self.token.name_or_data == 'nodes':
+                assert not nodes
+                nodes = self.parse_items('nodes')
+            else:
+                self.parse_value(self.token.name_or_data)
+        self.element_end('profile')
+
+        return self.build_profile(objects, nodes)
+
+    def parse_items(self, name):
+        assert name[-1] == 's'
+        items = {}
+        self.element_start(name)
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            id, values = self.parse_item(name[:-1])
+            assert id not in items
+            items[id] = values
+        self.element_end(name)
+        return items
+
+    def parse_item(self, name):
+        attrs = self.element_start(name)
+        id = int(attrs['id'])
+        values = self.parse_values()
+        self.element_end(name)
+        return id, values
+
+    def parse_values(self):
+        values = {}
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            name = self.token.name_or_data
+            value = self.parse_value(name)
+            assert name not in values
+            values[name] = value
+        return values
+
+    def parse_value(self, tag):
+        self.element_start(tag)
+        value = self.character_data()
+        self.element_end(tag)
+        if value.isdigit():
+            return int(value)
+        if value.startswith('"') and value.endswith('"'):
+            return value[1:-1]
+        return value
+
+    def build_profile(self, objects, nodes):
+        profile = Profile()
+        
+        profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+        for id, object in compat_iteritems(objects):
+            # Ignore fake objects (process names, modules, "Everything", "kernel", etc.)
+            if object['self'] == 0:
+                continue
+
+            function = Function(id, object['name'])
+            function[SAMPLES] = object['self']
+            profile.add_function(function)
+            profile[SAMPLES] += function[SAMPLES]
+
+        for id, node in compat_iteritems(nodes):
+            # Ignore fake calls
+            if node['self'] == 0:
+                continue
+
+            # Find a non-ignored parent
+            parent_id = node['parent']
+            while parent_id != 0:
+                parent = nodes[parent_id]
+                caller_id = parent['object']
+                if objects[caller_id]['self'] != 0:
+                    break
+                parent_id = parent['parent']
+            if parent_id == 0:
+                continue
+
+            callee_id = node['object']
+
+            assert objects[caller_id]['self']
+            assert objects[callee_id]['self']
+
+            function = profile.functions[caller_id]
+
+            samples = node['self']
+            try:
+                call = function.calls[callee_id]
+            except KeyError:
+                call = Call(callee_id)
+                call[SAMPLES2] = samples
+                function.add_call(call)
+            else:
+                call[SAMPLES2] += samples
+
+        # Compute derived events
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.find_cycles()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return profile
+
+
+class XPerfParser(Parser):
+    """Parser for CSVs generted by XPerf, from Microsoft Windows Performance Tools.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.profile = Profile()
+        self.profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+        self.column = {}
+
+    def parse(self):
+        import csv
+        reader = csv.reader(
+            self.stream, 
+            delimiter = ',',
+            quotechar = None,
+            escapechar = None,
+            doublequote = False,
+            skipinitialspace = True,
+            lineterminator = '\r\n',
+            quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)
+        header = True
+        for row in reader:
+            if header:
+                self.parse_header(row)
+                header = False
+            else:
+                self.parse_row(row)
+                
+        # compute derived data
+        self.profile.validate()
+        self.profile.find_cycles()
+        self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        self.profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        self.profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return self.profile
+
+    def parse_header(self, row):
+        for column in range(len(row)):
+            name = row[column]
+            assert name not in self.column
+            self.column[name] = column
+
+    def parse_row(self, row):
+        fields = {}
+        for name, column in compat_iteritems(self.column):
+            value = row[column]
+            for factory in int, float:
+                try:
+                    value = factory(value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+            fields[name] = value
+        
+        process = fields['Process Name']
+        symbol = fields['Module'] + '!' + fields['Function']
+        weight = fields['Weight']
+        count = fields['Count']
+
+        if process == 'Idle':
+            return
+
+        function = self.get_function(process, symbol)
+        function[SAMPLES] += weight * count
+        self.profile[SAMPLES] += weight * count
+
+        stack = fields['Stack']
+        if stack != '?':
+            stack = stack.split('/')
+            assert stack[0] == '[Root]'
+            if stack[-1] != symbol:
+                # XXX: some cases the sampled function does not appear in the stack
+                stack.append(symbol)
+            caller = None
+            for symbol in stack[1:]:
+                callee = self.get_function(process, symbol)
+                if caller is not None:
+                    try:
+                        call = caller.calls[callee.id]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        call = Call(callee.id)
+                        call[SAMPLES2] = count
+                        caller.add_call(call)
+                    else:
+                        call[SAMPLES2] += count
+                caller = callee
+
+    def get_function(self, process, symbol):
+        function_id = process + '!' + symbol
+
+        try:
+            function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            module, name = symbol.split('!', 1)
+            function = Function(function_id, name)
+            function.process = process
+            function.module = module
+            function[SAMPLES] = 0
+            self.profile.add_function(function)
+
+        return function
+
+
+class SleepyParser(Parser):
+    """Parser for GNU gprof output.
+
+    See also:
+    - http://www.codersnotes.com/sleepy/
+    - http://sleepygraph.sourceforge.net/
+    """
+
+    stdinInput = False
+
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+
+        from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+        self.database = ZipFile(filename)
+
+        self.symbols = {}
+        self.calls = {}
+
+        self.profile = Profile()
+    
+    _symbol_re = re.compile(
+        r'^(?P<id>\w+)' + 
+        r'\s+"(?P<module>[^"]*)"' + 
+        r'\s+"(?P<procname>[^"]*)"' + 
+        r'\s+"(?P<sourcefile>[^"]*)"' + 
+        r'\s+(?P<sourceline>\d+)$'
+    )
+
+    def openEntry(self, name):
+        # Some versions of verysleepy use lowercase filenames
+        for database_name in self.database.namelist():
+            if name.lower() == database_name.lower():
+                name = database_name
+                break
+
+        return self.database.open(name, 'rU')
+
+    def parse_symbols(self):
+        for line in self.openEntry('Symbols.txt'):
+            line = line.decode('UTF-8')
+
+            mo = self._symbol_re.match(line)
+            if mo:
+                symbol_id, module, procname, sourcefile, sourceline = mo.groups()
+    
+                function_id = ':'.join([module, procname])
+
+                try:
+                    function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
+                except KeyError:
+                    function = Function(function_id, procname)
+                    function.module = module
+                    function[SAMPLES] = 0
+                    self.profile.add_function(function)
+
+                self.symbols[symbol_id] = function
+
+    def parse_callstacks(self):
+        for line in self.openEntry('Callstacks.txt'):
+            line = line.decode('UTF-8')
+
+            fields = line.split()
+            samples = float(fields[0])
+            callstack = fields[1:]
+
+            callstack = [self.symbols[symbol_id] for symbol_id in callstack]
+
+            callee = callstack[0]
+
+            callee[SAMPLES] += samples
+            self.profile[SAMPLES] += samples
+            
+            for caller in callstack[1:]:
+                try:
+                    call = caller.calls[callee.id]
+                except KeyError:
+                    call = Call(callee.id)
+                    call[SAMPLES2] = samples
+                    caller.add_call(call)
+                else:
+                    call[SAMPLES2] += samples
+
+                callee = caller
+
+    def parse(self):
+        profile = self.profile
+        profile[SAMPLES] = 0
+
+        self.parse_symbols()
+        self.parse_callstacks()
+
+        # Compute derived events
+        profile.validate()
+        profile.find_cycles()
+        profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
+        profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
+        profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
+
+        return profile
+
+
+class AQtimeTable:
+
+    def __init__(self, name, fields):
+        self.name = name
+
+        self.fields = fields
+        self.field_column = {}
+        for column in range(len(fields)):
+            self.field_column[fields[column]] = column
+        self.rows = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.rows)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for values, children in self.rows:
+            fields = {}
+            for name, value in zip(self.fields, values):
+                fields[name] = value
+            children = dict([(child.name, child) for child in children])
+            yield fields, children
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    def add_row(self, values, children=()):
+        self.rows.append((values, children))
+
+
+class AQtimeParser(XmlParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        XmlParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        self.tables = {}
+
+    def parse(self):
+        self.element_start('AQtime_Results')
+        self.parse_headers()
+        results = self.parse_results()
+        self.element_end('AQtime_Results')
+        return self.build_profile(results) 
+
+    def parse_headers(self):
+        self.element_start('HEADERS')
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            self.parse_table_header()
+        self.element_end('HEADERS')
+
+    def parse_table_header(self):
+        attrs = self.element_start('TABLE_HEADER')
+        name = attrs['NAME']
+        id = int(attrs['ID'])
+        field_types = []
+        field_names = []
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            field_type, field_name = self.parse_table_field()
+            field_types.append(field_type)
+            field_names.append(field_name)
+        self.element_end('TABLE_HEADER')
+        self.tables[id] = name, field_types, field_names
+
+    def parse_table_field(self):
+        attrs = self.element_start('TABLE_FIELD')
+        type = attrs['TYPE']
+        name = self.character_data()
+        self.element_end('TABLE_FIELD')
+        return type, name
+
+    def parse_results(self):
+        self.element_start('RESULTS')
+        table = self.parse_data()
+        self.element_end('RESULTS')
+        return table
+
+    def parse_data(self):
+        rows = []
+        attrs = self.element_start('DATA')
+        table_id = int(attrs['TABLE_ID'])
+        table_name, field_types, field_names = self.tables[table_id]
+        table = AQtimeTable(table_name, field_names)
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            row, children = self.parse_row(field_types)
+            table.add_row(row, children)
+        self.element_end('DATA')
+        return table
+
+    def parse_row(self, field_types):
+        row = [None]*len(field_types)
+        children = []
+        self.element_start('ROW')
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            if self.token.name_or_data == 'FIELD':
+                field_id, field_value = self.parse_field(field_types)
+                row[field_id] = field_value
+            elif self.token.name_or_data == 'CHILDREN':
+                children = self.parse_children()
+            else:
+                raise XmlTokenMismatch("<FIELD ...> or <CHILDREN ...>", self.token)
+        self.element_end('ROW')
+        return row, children
+
+    def parse_field(self, field_types):
+        attrs = self.element_start('FIELD')
+        id = int(attrs['ID'])
+        type = field_types[id]
+        value = self.character_data()
+        if type == 'Integer':
+            value = int(value)
+        elif type == 'Float':
+            value = float(value)
+        elif type == 'Address':
+            value = int(value)
+        elif type == 'String':
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert False
+        self.element_end('FIELD')
+        return id, value
+
+    def parse_children(self):
+        children = []
+        self.element_start('CHILDREN')
+        while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
+            table = self.parse_data()
+            assert table.name not in children
+            children.append(table)
+        self.element_end('CHILDREN')
+        return children
+
+    def build_profile(self, results):
+        assert results.name == 'Routines'
+        profile = Profile()
+        profile[TIME] = 0.0
+        for fields, tables in results:
+            function = self.build_function(fields)
+            children = tables['Children']
+            for fields, _ in children:
+                call = self.build_call(fields)
+                function.add_call(call)
+            profile.add_function(function)
+            profile[TIME] = profile[TIME] + function[TIME]
+        profile[TOTAL_TIME] = profile[TIME]
+        profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
+        return profile
+    
+    def build_function(self, fields):
+        function = Function(self.build_id(fields), self.build_name(fields))
+        function[TIME] = fields['Time']
+        function[TOTAL_TIME] = fields['Time with Children']
+        #function[TIME_RATIO] = fields['% Time']/100.0
+        #function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = fields['% with Children']/100.0
+        return function
+
+    def build_call(self, fields):
+        call = Call(self.build_id(fields))
+        call[TIME] = fields['Time']
+        call[TOTAL_TIME] = fields['Time with Children']
+        #call[TIME_RATIO] = fields['% Time']/100.0
+        #call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = fields['% with Children']/100.0
+        return call
+
+    def build_id(self, fields):
+        return ':'.join([fields['Module Name'], fields['Unit Name'], fields['Routine Name']])
+
+    def build_name(self, fields):
+        # TODO: use more fields
+        return fields['Routine Name']
+
+
+class PstatsParser:
+    """Parser python profiling statistics saved with te pstats module."""
+
+    stdinInput = False
+    multipleInput = True
+
+    def __init__(self, *filename):
+        import pstats
+        try:
+            self.stats = pstats.Stats(*filename)
+        except ValueError:
+            if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+                raise
+            import hotshot.stats
+            self.stats = hotshot.stats.load(filename[0])
+        self.profile = Profile()
+        self.function_ids = {}
+
+    def get_function_name(self, key):
+        filename, line, name = key
+        module = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
+        module = os.path.basename(module)
+        return "%s:%d:%s" % (module, line, name)
+
+    def get_function(self, key):
+        try:
+            id = self.function_ids[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            id = len(self.function_ids)
+            name = self.get_function_name(key)
+            function = Function(id, name)
+            self.profile.functions[id] = function
+            self.function_ids[key] = id
+        else:
+            function = self.profile.functions[id]
+        return function
+
+    def parse(self):
+        self.profile[TIME] = 0.0
+        self.profile[TOTAL_TIME] = self.stats.total_tt
+        for fn, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in compat_iteritems(self.stats.stats):
+            callee = self.get_function(fn)
+            callee.called = nc
+            callee[TOTAL_TIME] = ct
+            callee[TIME] = tt
+            self.profile[TIME] += tt
+            self.profile[TOTAL_TIME] = max(self.profile[TOTAL_TIME], ct)
+            for fn, value in compat_iteritems(callers):
+                caller = self.get_function(fn)
+                call = Call(callee.id)
+                if isinstance(value, tuple):
+                    for i in xrange(0, len(value), 4):
+                        nc, cc, tt, ct = value[i:i+4]
+                        if CALLS in call:
+                            call[CALLS] += cc
+                        else:
+                            call[CALLS] = cc
+
+                        if TOTAL_TIME in call:
+                            call[TOTAL_TIME] += ct
+                        else:
+                            call[TOTAL_TIME] = ct
+
+                else:
+                    call[CALLS] = value
+                    call[TOTAL_TIME] = ratio(value, nc)*ct
+
+                caller.add_call(call)
+        #self.stats.print_stats()
+        #self.stats.print_callees()
+
+        # Compute derived events
+        self.profile.validate()
+        self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, TIME)
+        self.profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
+
+        return self.profile
+
+
+class Theme:
+
+    def __init__(self, 
+            bgcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            fontname = "Arial",
+            fontcolor = "white",
+            nodestyle = "filled",
+            minfontsize = 10.0,
+            maxfontsize = 10.0,
+            minpenwidth = 0.5,
+            maxpenwidth = 4.0,
+            gamma = 2.2,
+            skew = 1.0):
+        self.bgcolor = bgcolor
+        self.mincolor = mincolor
+        self.maxcolor = maxcolor
+        self.fontname = fontname
+        self.fontcolor = fontcolor
+        self.nodestyle = nodestyle
+        self.minfontsize = minfontsize
+        self.maxfontsize = maxfontsize
+        self.minpenwidth = minpenwidth
+        self.maxpenwidth = maxpenwidth
+        self.gamma = gamma
+        self.skew = skew
+
+    def graph_bgcolor(self):
+        return self.hsl_to_rgb(*self.bgcolor)
+
+    def graph_fontname(self):
+        return self.fontname
+
+    def graph_fontcolor(self):
+        return self.fontcolor
+
+    def graph_fontsize(self):
+        return self.minfontsize
+
+    def node_bgcolor(self, weight):
+        return self.color(weight)
+
+    def node_fgcolor(self, weight):
+        if self.nodestyle == "filled":
+            return self.graph_bgcolor()
+        else:
+            return self.color(weight)
+
+    def node_fontsize(self, weight):
+        return self.fontsize(weight)
+
+    def node_style(self):
+        return self.nodestyle
+
+    def edge_color(self, weight):
+        return self.color(weight)
+
+    def edge_fontsize(self, weight):
+        return self.fontsize(weight)
+
+    def edge_penwidth(self, weight):
+        return max(weight*self.maxpenwidth, self.minpenwidth)
+
+    def edge_arrowsize(self, weight):
+        return 0.5 * math.sqrt(self.edge_penwidth(weight))
+
+    def fontsize(self, weight):
+        return max(weight**2 * self.maxfontsize, self.minfontsize)
+
+    def color(self, weight):
+        weight = min(max(weight, 0.0), 1.0)
+    
+        hmin, smin, lmin = self.mincolor
+        hmax, smax, lmax = self.maxcolor
+        
+        if self.skew < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Skew must be greater than 0")
+        elif self.skew == 1.0:
+            h = hmin + weight*(hmax - hmin)
+            s = smin + weight*(smax - smin)
+            l = lmin + weight*(lmax - lmin)
+        else:
+            base = self.skew
+            h = hmin + ((hmax-hmin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
+            s = smin + ((smax-smin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
+            l = lmin + ((lmax-lmin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
+
+        return self.hsl_to_rgb(h, s, l)
+
+    def hsl_to_rgb(self, h, s, l):
+        """Convert a color from HSL color-model to RGB.
+
+        See also:
+        - http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#hsl-color
+        """
+
+        h = h % 1.0
+        s = min(max(s, 0.0), 1.0)
+        l = min(max(l, 0.0), 1.0)
+
+        if l <= 0.5:
+            m2 = l*(s + 1.0)
+        else:
+            m2 = l + s - l*s
+        m1 = l*2.0 - m2
+        r = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h + 1.0/3.0)
+        g = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h)
+        b = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h - 1.0/3.0)
+
+        # Apply gamma correction
+        r **= self.gamma
+        g **= self.gamma
+        b **= self.gamma
+
+        return (r, g, b)
+
+    def _hue_to_rgb(self, m1, m2, h):
+        if h < 0.0:
+            h += 1.0
+        elif h > 1.0:
+            h -= 1.0
+        if h*6 < 1.0:
+            return m1 + (m2 - m1)*h*6.0
+        elif h*2 < 1.0:
+            return m2
+        elif h*3 < 2.0:
+            return m1 + (m2 - m1)*(2.0/3.0 - h)*6.0
+        else:
+            return m1
+
+
+TEMPERATURE_COLORMAP = Theme(
+    mincolor = (2.0/3.0, 0.80, 0.25), # dark blue
+    maxcolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.5), # satured red
+    gamma = 1.0
+)
+
+PINK_COLORMAP = Theme(
+    mincolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.90), # pink
+    maxcolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.5), # satured red
+)
+
+GRAY_COLORMAP = Theme(
+    mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.85), # light gray
+    maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
+)
+
+BW_COLORMAP = Theme(
+    minfontsize = 8.0,
+    maxfontsize = 24.0,
+    mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
+    maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
+    minpenwidth = 0.1,
+    maxpenwidth = 8.0,
+)
+
+PRINT_COLORMAP = Theme(
+    minfontsize = 18.0,
+    maxfontsize = 30.0,
+    fontcolor = "black",
+    nodestyle = "solid",
+    mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
+    maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
+    minpenwidth = 0.1,
+    maxpenwidth = 8.0,
+)
+
+
+class DotWriter:
+    """Writer for the DOT language.
+
+    See also:
+    - "The DOT Language" specification
+      http://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/lang.html
+    """
+
+    strip = False
+    wrap = False
+
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        self.fp = fp
+
+    def wrap_function_name(self, name):
+        """Split the function name on multiple lines."""
+
+        if len(name) > 32:
+            ratio = 2.0/3.0
+            height = max(int(len(name)/(1.0 - ratio) + 0.5), 1)
+            width = max(len(name)/height, 32)
+            # TODO: break lines in symbols
+            name = textwrap.fill(name, width, break_long_words=False)
+
+        # Take away spaces
+        name = name.replace(", ", ",")
+        name = name.replace("> >", ">>")
+        name = name.replace("> >", ">>") # catch consecutive
+
+        return name
+
+    show_function_events = [TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO]
+    show_edge_events = [TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, CALLS]
+
+    def graph(self, profile, theme):
+        self.begin_graph()
+
+        fontname = theme.graph_fontname()
+        fontcolor = theme.graph_fontcolor()
+        nodestyle = theme.node_style()
+
+        self.attr('graph', fontname=fontname, ranksep=0.25, nodesep=0.125)
+        self.attr('node', fontname=fontname, shape="box", style=nodestyle, fontcolor=fontcolor, width=0, height=0)
+        self.attr('edge', fontname=fontname)
+
+        for function in compat_itervalues(profile.functions):
+            labels = []
+            if function.process is not None:
+                labels.append(function.process)
+            if function.module is not None:
+                labels.append(function.module)
+
+            if self.strip:
+                function_name = function.stripped_name()
+            else:
+                function_name = function.name
+            if self.wrap:
+                function_name = self.wrap_function_name(function_name)
+            labels.append(function_name)
+
+            for event in self.show_function_events:
+                if event in function.events:
+                    label = event.format(function[event])
+                    labels.append(label)
+            if function.called is not None:
+                labels.append("%u%s" % (function.called, MULTIPLICATION_SIGN))
+
+            if function.weight is not None:
+                weight = function.weight
+            else:
+                weight = 0.0
+
+            label = '\n'.join(labels)
+            self.node(function.id, 
+                label = label, 
+                color = self.color(theme.node_bgcolor(weight)), 
+                fontcolor = self.color(theme.node_fgcolor(weight)), 
+                fontsize = "%.2f" % theme.node_fontsize(weight),
+            )
+
+            for call in compat_itervalues(function.calls):
+                callee = profile.functions[call.callee_id]
+
+                labels = []
+                for event in self.show_edge_events:
+                    if event in call.events:
+                        label = event.format(call[event])
+                        labels.append(label)
+
+                if call.weight is not None:
+                    weight = call.weight
+                elif callee.weight is not None:
+                    weight = callee.weight
+                else:
+                    weight = 0.0
+
+                label = '\n'.join(labels)
+
+                self.edge(function.id, call.callee_id, 
+                    label = label, 
+                    color = self.color(theme.edge_color(weight)), 
+                    fontcolor = self.color(theme.edge_color(weight)),
+                    fontsize = "%.2f" % theme.edge_fontsize(weight), 
+                    penwidth = "%.2f" % theme.edge_penwidth(weight), 
+                    labeldistance = "%.2f" % theme.edge_penwidth(weight), 
+                    arrowsize = "%.2f" % theme.edge_arrowsize(weight),
+                )
+
+        self.end_graph()
+
+    def begin_graph(self):
+        self.write('digraph {\n')
+
+    def end_graph(self):
+        self.write('}\n')
+
+    def attr(self, what, **attrs):
+        self.write("\t")
+        self.write(what)
+        self.attr_list(attrs)
+        self.write(";\n")
+
+    def node(self, node, **attrs):
+        self.write("\t")
+        self.id(node)
+        self.attr_list(attrs)
+        self.write(";\n")
+
+    def edge(self, src, dst, **attrs):
+        self.write("\t")
+        self.id(src)
+        self.write(" -> ")
+        self.id(dst)
+        self.attr_list(attrs)
+        self.write(";\n")
+
+    def attr_list(self, attrs):
+        if not attrs:
+            return
+        self.write(' [')
+        first = True
+        for name, value in compat_iteritems(attrs):
+            if first:
+                first = False
+            else:
+                self.write(", ")
+            self.id(name)
+            self.write('=')
+            self.id(value)
+        self.write(']')
+
+    def id(self, id):
+        if isinstance(id, (int, float)):
+            s = str(id)
+        elif isinstance(id, basestring):
+            if id.isalnum() and not id.startswith('0x'):
+                s = id
+            else:
+                s = self.escape(id)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError
+        self.write(s)
+
+    def color(self, rgb):
+        r, g, b = rgb
+
+        def float2int(f):
+            if f <= 0.0:
+                return 0
+            if f >= 1.0:
+                return 255
+            return int(255.0*f + 0.5)
+
+        return "#" + "".join(["%02x" % float2int(c) for c in (r, g, b)])
+
+    def escape(self, s):
+        if not PYTHON_3:
+            s = s.encode('utf-8')
+        s = s.replace('\\', r'\\')
+        s = s.replace('\n', r'\n')
+        s = s.replace('\t', r'\t')
+        s = s.replace('"', r'\"')
+        return '"' + s + '"'
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        self.fp.write(s)
+
+
+class Main:
+    """Main program."""
+
+    themes = {
+            "color": TEMPERATURE_COLORMAP,
+            "pink": PINK_COLORMAP,
+            "gray": GRAY_COLORMAP,
+            "bw": BW_COLORMAP,
+            "print": PRINT_COLORMAP,
+    }
+
+    formats = {
+        "aqtime": AQtimeParser,
+        "axe": AXEParser,
+        "callgrind": CallgrindParser,
+        "hprof": HProfParser,
+        "oprofile": OprofileParser,
+        "perf": PerfParser,
+        "prof": GprofParser,
+        "pstats": PstatsParser,
+        "sleepy": SleepyParser,
+        "sysprof": SysprofParser,
+        "xperf": XPerfParser,
+    }
+
+    def naturalJoin(self, values):
+        if len(values) >= 2:
+            return ', '.join(values[:-1]) + ' or ' + values[-1]
+
+        else:
+            return ''.join(values)
+
+    def main(self):
+        """Main program."""
+
+        global totalMethod
+
+        formatNames = list(self.formats.keys())
+        formatNames.sort()
+
+        optparser = optparse.OptionParser(
+            usage="\n\t%prog [options] [file] ...")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-o', '--output', metavar='FILE',
+            type="string", dest="output",
+            help="output filename [stdout]")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-n', '--node-thres', metavar='PERCENTAGE',
+            type="float", dest="node_thres", default=0.5,
+            help="eliminate nodes below this threshold [default: %default]")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-e', '--edge-thres', metavar='PERCENTAGE',
+            type="float", dest="edge_thres", default=0.1,
+            help="eliminate edges below this threshold [default: %default]")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-f', '--format',
+            type="choice", choices=formatNames,
+            dest="format", default="prof",
+            help="profile format: %s [default: %%default]" % self.naturalJoin(formatNames))
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '--total',
+            type="choice", choices=('callratios', 'callstacks'),
+            dest="totalMethod", default=totalMethod,
+            help="preferred method of calculating total time: callratios or callstacks (currently affects only perf format) [default: %default]")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-c', '--colormap',
+            type="choice", choices=('color', 'pink', 'gray', 'bw', 'print'),
+            dest="theme", default="color",
+            help="color map: color, pink, gray, bw, or print [default: %default]")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-s', '--strip',
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="strip", default=False,
+            help="strip function parameters, template parameters, and const modifiers from demangled C++ function names")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-w', '--wrap',
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="wrap", default=False,
+            help="wrap function names")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '--show-samples',
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="show_samples", default=False,
+            help="show function samples")
+        # add option to create subtree or show paths
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-z', '--root',
+            type="string",
+            dest="root", default="",
+            help="prune call graph to show only descendants of specified root function")
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '-l', '--leaf',
+            type="string",
+            dest="leaf", default="",
+            help="prune call graph to show only ancestors of specified leaf function")
+        # add a new option to control skew of the colorization curve
+        optparser.add_option(
+            '--skew',
+            type="float", dest="theme_skew", default=1.0,
+            help="skew the colorization curve.  Values < 1.0 give more variety to lower percentages.  Values > 1.0 give less variety to lower percentages")
+        (self.options, self.args) = optparser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])
+
+        if len(self.args) > 1 and self.options.format != 'pstats':
+            optparser.error('incorrect number of arguments')
+
+        try:
+            self.theme = self.themes[self.options.theme]
+        except KeyError:
+            optparser.error('invalid colormap \'%s\'' % self.options.theme)
+        
+        # set skew on the theme now that it has been picked.
+        if self.options.theme_skew:
+            self.theme.skew = self.options.theme_skew
+            
+        totalMethod = self.options.totalMethod
+
+        try:
+            Format = self.formats[self.options.format]
+        except KeyError:
+            optparser.error('invalid format \'%s\'' % self.options.format)
+
+        if Format.stdinInput:
+            if not self.args:
+                fp = sys.stdin
+            else:
+                fp = open(self.args[0], 'rt')
+            parser = Format(fp)
+        elif Format.multipleInput:
+            if not self.args:
+                optparser.error('at least a file must be specified for %s input' % self.options.format)
+            parser = Format(*self.args)
+        else:
+            if len(self.args) != 1:
+                optparser.error('exactly one file must be specified for %s input' % self.options.format)
+            parser = Format(self.args[0])
+
+        self.profile = parser.parse()
+        
+        if self.options.output is None:
+            self.output = sys.stdout
+        else:
+            if PYTHON_3:
+                self.output = open(self.options.output, 'wt', encoding='UTF-8')
+            else:
+                self.output = open(self.options.output, 'wt')
+
+        self.write_graph()
+
+    def write_graph(self):
+        dot = DotWriter(self.output)
+        dot.strip = self.options.strip
+        dot.wrap = self.options.wrap
+        if self.options.show_samples:
+            dot.show_function_events.append(SAMPLES)
+
+        profile = self.profile
+        profile.prune(self.options.node_thres/100.0, self.options.edge_thres/100.0)
+        
+        if self.options.root:
+            rootId = profile.getFunctionId(self.options.root)
+            if not rootId:
+                sys.stderr.write('root node ' + self.options.root + ' not found (might already be pruned : try -e0 -n0 flags)\n')
+                sys.exit(1)
+            profile.prune_root(rootId)
+        if self.options.leaf:
+            leafId = profile.getFunctionId(self.options.leaf)
+            if not leafId:
+                sys.stderr.write('leaf node ' + self.options.leaf + ' not found (maybe already pruned : try -e0 -n0 flags)\n')
+                sys.exit(1)
+            profile.prune_leaf(leafId)
+
+        dot.graph(profile, self.theme)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    Main().main()