sqlite3 1.5.0.rc1-x86_64-linux

data/lib/sqlite3/database.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+require 'sqlite3/constants'
+require 'sqlite3/errors'
+require 'sqlite3/pragmas'
+require 'sqlite3/statement'
+require 'sqlite3/translator'
+require 'sqlite3/value'
+
+module SQLite3
+
+  # The Database class encapsulates a single connection to a SQLite3 database.
+  # Its usage is very straightforward:
+  #
+  #   require 'sqlite3'
+  #
+  #   SQLite3::Database.new( "data.db" ) do |db|
+  #     db.execute( "select * from table" ) do |row|
+  #       p row
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # It wraps the lower-level methods provides by the selected driver, and
+  # includes the Pragmas module for access to various pragma convenience
+  # methods.
+  #
+  # The Database class provides type translation services as well, by which
+  # the SQLite3 data types (which are all represented as strings) may be
+  # converted into their corresponding types (as defined in the schemas
+  # for their tables). This translation only occurs when querying data from
+  # the database--insertions and updates are all still typeless.
+  #
+  # Furthermore, the Database class has been designed to work well with the
+  # ArrayFields module from Ara Howard. If you require the ArrayFields
+  # module before performing a query, and if you have not enabled results as
+  # hashes, then the results will all be indexible by field name.
+  class Database
+    attr_reader :collations
+
+    include Pragmas
+
+    class << self
+
+      alias :open :new
+
+      # Quotes the given string, making it safe to use in an SQL statement.
+      # It replaces all instances of the single-quote character with two
+      # single-quote characters. The modified string is returned.
+      def quote( string )
+        string.gsub( /'/, "''" )
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    # A boolean that indicates whether rows in result sets should be returned
+    # as hashes or not. By default, rows are returned as arrays.
+    attr_accessor :results_as_hash
+
+    # call-seq: SQLite3::Database.new(file, options = {})
+    #
+    # Create a new Database object that opens the given file. If utf16
+    # is +true+, the filename is interpreted as a UTF-16 encoded string.
+    #
+    # By default, the new database will return result rows as arrays
+    # (#results_as_hash) and has type translation disabled (#type_translation=).
+
+    def initialize file, options = {}, zvfs = nil
+      mode = Constants::Open::READWRITE | Constants::Open::CREATE
+
+      file = file.to_path if file.respond_to? :to_path
+      if file.encoding == ::Encoding::UTF_16LE || file.encoding == ::Encoding::UTF_16BE || options[:utf16]
+        open16 file
+      else
+        # The three primary flag values for sqlite3_open_v2 are:
+        # SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
+        # SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
+        # SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE -- always used for sqlite3_open and sqlite3_open16
+        mode = Constants::Open::READONLY if options[:readonly]
+
+        if options[:readwrite]
+          raise "conflicting options: readonly and readwrite" if options[:readonly]
+          mode = Constants::Open::READWRITE
+        end
+
+        if options[:flags]
+          if options[:readonly] || options[:readwrite]
+            raise "conflicting options: flags with readonly and/or readwrite"
+          end
+          mode = options[:flags]
+        end
+
+        open_v2 file.encode("utf-8"), mode, zvfs
+
+        if options[:strict]
+          disable_quirk_mode
+        end
+      end
+
+      @tracefunc        = nil
+      @authorizer       = nil
+      @encoding         = nil
+      @busy_handler     = nil
+      @collations       = {}
+      @functions        = {}
+      @results_as_hash  = options[:results_as_hash]
+      @type_translation = options[:type_translation]
+      @type_translator  = make_type_translator @type_translation
+      @readonly         = mode & Constants::Open::READONLY != 0
+
+      if block_given?
+        begin
+          yield self
+        ensure
+          close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def type_translation= value # :nodoc:
+      warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
+#{caller[0]} is calling SQLite3::Database#type_translation=
+SQLite3::Database#type_translation= is deprecated and will be removed
+in version 2.0.0.
+      eowarn
+      @type_translator  = make_type_translator value
+      @type_translation = value
+    end
+    attr_reader :type_translation # :nodoc:
+
+    # Return the type translator employed by this database instance. Each
+    # database instance has its own type translator; this allows for different
+    # type handlers to be installed in each instance without affecting other
+    # instances. Furthermore, the translators are instantiated lazily, so that
+    # if a database does not use type translation, it will not be burdened by
+    # the overhead of a useless type translator. (See the Translator class.)
+    def translator
+      @translator ||= Translator.new
+    end
+
+    # Installs (or removes) a block that will be invoked for every access
+    # to the database. If the block returns 0 (or +nil+), the statement
+    # is allowed to proceed. Returning 1 causes an authorization error to
+    # occur, and returning 2 causes the access to be silently denied.
+    def authorizer( &block )
+      self.authorizer = block
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Statement object representing the given SQL. This does not
+    # execute the statement; it merely prepares the statement for execution.
+    #
+    # The Statement can then be executed using Statement#execute.
+    #
+    def prepare sql
+      stmt = SQLite3::Statement.new( self, sql )
+      return stmt unless block_given?
+
+      begin
+        yield stmt
+      ensure
+        stmt.close unless stmt.closed?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the filename for the database named +db_name+.  +db_name+ defaults
+    # to "main".  Main return `nil` or an empty string if the database is
+    # temporary or in-memory.
+    def filename db_name = 'main'
+      db_filename db_name
+    end
+
+    # Executes the given SQL statement. If additional parameters are given,
+    # they are treated as bind variables, and are bound to the placeholders in
+    # the query.
+    #
+    # Note that if any of the values passed to this are hashes, then the
+    # key/value pairs are each bound separately, with the key being used as
+    # the name of the placeholder to bind the value to.
+    #
+    # The block is optional. If given, it will be invoked for each row returned
+    # by the query. Otherwise, any results are accumulated into an array and
+    # returned wholesale.
+    #
+    # See also #execute2, #query, and #execute_batch for additional ways of
+    # executing statements.
+    def execute sql, bind_vars = [], *args, &block
+      if bind_vars.nil? || !args.empty?
+        if args.empty?
+          bind_vars = []
+        else
+          bind_vars = [bind_vars] + args
+        end
+
+        warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
+#{caller[0]} is calling SQLite3::Database#execute with nil or multiple bind params
+without using an array.  Please switch to passing bind parameters as an array.
+Support for bind parameters as *args will be removed in 2.0.0.
+        eowarn
+      end
+
+      prepare( sql ) do |stmt|
+        stmt.bind_params(bind_vars)
+        stmt    = ResultSet.new self, stmt
+
+        if block_given?
+          stmt.each do |row|
+            yield row
+          end
+        else
+          stmt.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Executes the given SQL statement, exactly as with #execute. However, the
+    # first row returned (either via the block, or in the returned array) is
+    # always the names of the columns. Subsequent rows correspond to the data
+    # from the result set.
+    #
+    # Thus, even if the query itself returns no rows, this method will always
+    # return at least one row--the names of the columns.
+    #
+    # See also #execute, #query, and #execute_batch for additional ways of
+    # executing statements.
+    def execute2( sql, *bind_vars )
+      prepare( sql ) do |stmt|
+        result = stmt.execute( *bind_vars )
+        if block_given?
+          yield stmt.columns
+          result.each { |row| yield row }
+        else
+          return result.inject( [ stmt.columns ] ) { |arr,row|
+            arr << row; arr }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Executes all SQL statements in the given string. By contrast, the other
+    # means of executing queries will only execute the first statement in the
+    # string, ignoring all subsequent statements. This will execute each one
+    # in turn. The same bind parameters, if given, will be applied to each
+    # statement.
+    #
+    # This always returns +nil+, making it unsuitable for queries that return
+    # rows.
+    #
+    # See also #execute_batch2 for additional ways of
+    # executing statements.
+    def execute_batch( sql, bind_vars = [], *args )
+      # FIXME: remove this stuff later
+      unless [Array, Hash].include?(bind_vars.class)
+        bind_vars = [bind_vars]
+        warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
+#{caller[0]} is calling SQLite3::Database#execute_batch with bind parameters
+that are not a list of a hash.  Please switch to passing bind parameters as an
+array or hash. Support for this behavior will be removed in version 2.0.0.
+        eowarn
+      end
+
+      # FIXME: remove this stuff later
+      if bind_vars.nil? || !args.empty?
+        if args.empty?
+          bind_vars = []
+        else
+          bind_vars = [nil] + args
+        end
+
+        warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
+#{caller[0]} is calling SQLite3::Database#execute_batch with nil or multiple bind params
+without using an array.  Please switch to passing bind parameters as an array.
+Support for this behavior will be removed in version 2.0.0.
+        eowarn
+      end
+
+      sql = sql.strip
+      until sql.empty? do
+        prepare( sql ) do |stmt|
+          unless stmt.closed?
+            # FIXME: this should probably use sqlite3's api for batch execution
+            # This implementation requires stepping over the results.
+            if bind_vars.length == stmt.bind_parameter_count
+              stmt.bind_params(bind_vars)
+            end
+            stmt.step
+          end
+          sql = stmt.remainder.strip
+        end
+      end
+      # FIXME: we should not return `nil` as a success return value
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Executes all SQL statements in the given string. By contrast, the other
+    # means of executing queries will only execute the first statement in the
+    # string, ignoring all subsequent statements. This will execute each one
+    # in turn. Bind parameters cannot be passed to #execute_batch2.
+    #
+    # If a query is made, all values will be returned as strings.
+    # If no query is made, an empty array will be returned.
+    #
+    # Because all values except for 'NULL' are returned as strings,
+    # a block can be passed to parse the values accordingly.
+    #
+    # See also #execute_batch for additional ways of
+    # executing statements.
+    def execute_batch2(sql, &block)
+      if block_given?
+        result = exec_batch(sql, @results_as_hash)
+        result.map do |val|
+          yield val
+        end
+      else
+        exec_batch(sql, @results_as_hash)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # This is a convenience method for creating a statement, binding
+    # parameters to it, and calling execute:
+    #
+    #   result = db.query( "select * from foo where a=?", [5])
+    #   # is the same as
+    #   result = db.prepare( "select * from foo where a=?" ).execute( 5 )
+    #
+    # You must be sure to call +close+ on the ResultSet instance that is
+    # returned, or you could have problems with locks on the table. If called
+    # with a block, +close+ will be invoked implicitly when the block
+    # terminates.
+    def query( sql, bind_vars = [], *args )
+
+      if bind_vars.nil? || !args.empty?
+        if args.empty?
+          bind_vars = []
+        else
+          bind_vars = [bind_vars] + args
+        end
+
+        warn(<<-eowarn) if $VERBOSE
+#{caller[0]} is calling SQLite3::Database#query with nil or multiple bind params
+without using an array.  Please switch to passing bind parameters as an array.
+Support for this will be removed in version 2.0.0.
+        eowarn
+      end
+
+      result = prepare( sql ).execute( bind_vars )
+      if block_given?
+        begin
+          yield result
+        ensure
+          result.close
+        end
+      else
+        return result
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A convenience method for obtaining the first row of a result set, and
+    # discarding all others. It is otherwise identical to #execute.
+    #
+    # See also #get_first_value.
+    def get_first_row( sql, *bind_vars )
+      execute( sql, *bind_vars ).first
+    end
+
+    # A convenience method for obtaining the first value of the first row of a
+    # result set, and discarding all other values and rows. It is otherwise
+    # identical to #execute.
+    #
+    # See also #get_first_row.
+    def get_first_value( sql, *bind_vars )
+      query( sql, bind_vars ) do |rs|
+        if (row = rs.next)
+          return @results_as_hash ? row[rs.columns[0]] : row[0]
+        end
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    alias :busy_timeout :busy_timeout=
+
+    # Creates a new function for use in SQL statements. It will be added as
+    # +name+, with the given +arity+. (For variable arity functions, use
+    # -1 for the arity.)
+    #
+    # The block should accept at least one parameter--the FunctionProxy
+    # instance that wraps this function invocation--and any other
+    # arguments it needs (up to its arity).
+    #
+    # The block does not return a value directly. Instead, it will invoke
+    # the FunctionProxy#result= method on the +func+ parameter and
+    # indicate the return value that way.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   db.create_function( "maim", 1 ) do |func, value|
+    #     if value.nil?
+    #       func.result = nil
+    #     else
+    #       func.result = value.split(//).sort.join
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   puts db.get_first_value( "select maim(name) from table" )
+    def create_function name, arity, text_rep=Constants::TextRep::UTF8, &block
+      define_function_with_flags(name, text_rep) do |*args|
+        fp = FunctionProxy.new
+        block.call(fp, *args)
+        fp.result
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Creates a new aggregate function for use in SQL statements. Aggregate
+    # functions are functions that apply over every row in the result set,
+    # instead of over just a single row. (A very common aggregate function
+    # is the "count" function, for determining the number of rows that match
+    # a query.)
+    #
+    # The new function will be added as +name+, with the given +arity+. (For
+    # variable arity functions, use -1 for the arity.)
+    #
+    # The +step+ parameter must be a proc object that accepts as its first
+    # parameter a FunctionProxy instance (representing the function
+    # invocation), with any subsequent parameters (up to the function's arity).
+    # The +step+ callback will be invoked once for each row of the result set.
+    #
+    # The +finalize+ parameter must be a +proc+ object that accepts only a
+    # single parameter, the FunctionProxy instance representing the current
+    # function invocation. It should invoke FunctionProxy#result= to
+    # store the result of the function.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   db.create_aggregate( "lengths", 1 ) do
+    #     step do |func, value|
+    #       func[ :total ] ||= 0
+    #       func[ :total ] += ( value ? value.length : 0 )
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     finalize do |func|
+    #       func.result = func[ :total ] || 0
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   puts db.get_first_value( "select lengths(name) from table" )
+    #
+    # See also #create_aggregate_handler for a more object-oriented approach to
+    # aggregate functions.
+    def create_aggregate( name, arity, step=nil, finalize=nil,
+      text_rep=Constants::TextRep::ANY, &block )
+
+      proxy = Class.new do
+        def self.step( &block )
+          define_method(:step_with_ctx, &block)
+        end
+
+        def self.finalize( &block )
+          define_method(:finalize_with_ctx, &block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      if block_given?
+        proxy.instance_eval(&block)
+      else
+        proxy.class_eval do
+          define_method(:step_with_ctx, step)
+          define_method(:finalize_with_ctx, finalize)
+        end
+      end
+
+      proxy.class_eval do
+        # class instance variables
+        @name = name
+        @arity = arity
+
+        def self.name
+          @name
+        end
+
+        def self.arity
+          @arity
+        end
+
+        def initialize
+          @ctx = FunctionProxy.new
+        end
+
+        def step( *args )
+          step_with_ctx(@ctx, *args)
+        end
+
+        def finalize
+          finalize_with_ctx(@ctx)
+          @ctx.result
+        end
+      end
+      define_aggregator2(proxy, name)
+    end
+
+    # This is another approach to creating an aggregate function (see
+    # #create_aggregate). Instead of explicitly specifying the name,
+    # callbacks, arity, and type, you specify a factory object
+    # (the "handler") that knows how to obtain all of that information. The
+    # handler should respond to the following messages:
+    #
+    # +arity+:: corresponds to the +arity+ parameter of #create_aggregate. This
+    #           message is optional, and if the handler does not respond to it,
+    #           the function will have an arity of -1.
+    # +name+:: this is the name of the function. The handler _must_ implement
+    #          this message.
+    # +new+:: this must be implemented by the handler. It should return a new
+    #         instance of the object that will handle a specific invocation of
+    #         the function.
+    #
+    # The handler instance (the object returned by the +new+ message, described
+    # above), must respond to the following messages:
+    #
+    # +step+:: this is the method that will be called for each step of the
+    #          aggregate function's evaluation. It should implement the same
+    #          signature as the +step+ callback for #create_aggregate.
+    # +finalize+:: this is the method that will be called to finalize the
+    #              aggregate function's evaluation. It should implement the
+    #              same signature as the +finalize+ callback for
+    #              #create_aggregate.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   class LengthsAggregateHandler
+    #     def self.arity; 1; end
+    #     def self.name; 'lengths'; end
+    #
+    #     def initialize
+    #       @total = 0
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def step( ctx, name )
+    #       @total += ( name ? name.length : 0 )
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def finalize( ctx )
+    #       ctx.result = @total
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   db.create_aggregate_handler( LengthsAggregateHandler )
+    #   puts db.get_first_value( "select lengths(name) from A" )
+    def create_aggregate_handler( handler )
+      # This is a compatibility shim so the (basically pointless) FunctionProxy
+      # "ctx" object is passed as first argument to both step() and finalize().
+      # Now its up to the library user whether he prefers to store his
+      # temporaries as instance variables or fields in the FunctionProxy.
+      # The library user still must set the result value with
+      # FunctionProxy.result= as there is no backwards compatible way to
+      # change this.
+      proxy = Class.new(handler) do
+        def initialize
+          super
+          @fp = FunctionProxy.new
+        end
+
+        def step( *args )
+          super(@fp, *args)
+        end
+
+        def finalize
+          super(@fp)
+          @fp.result
+        end
+      end
+      define_aggregator2(proxy, proxy.name)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Define an aggregate function named +name+ using a object template
+    # object +aggregator+. +aggregator+ must respond to +step+ and +finalize+.
+    # +step+ will be called with row information and +finalize+ must return the
+    # return value for the aggregator function.
+    #
+    # _API Change:_ +aggregator+ must also implement +clone+. The provided
+    # +aggregator+ object will serve as template that is cloned to provide the
+    # individual instances of the aggregate function. Regular ruby objects
+    # already provide a suitable +clone+.
+    # The functions arity is the arity of the +step+ method.
+    def define_aggregator( name, aggregator )
+      # Previously, this has been implemented in C. Now this is just yet
+      # another compatibility shim
+      proxy = Class.new do
+        @template = aggregator
+        @name = name
+
+        def self.template
+          @template
+        end
+
+        def self.name
+          @name
+        end
+
+        def self.arity
+          # this is what sqlite3_obj_method_arity did before
+          @template.method(:step).arity
+        end
+
+        def initialize
+          @klass = self.class.template.clone
+        end
+
+        def step(*args)
+          @klass.step(*args)
+        end
+
+        def finalize
+          @klass.finalize
+        end
+      end
+      define_aggregator2(proxy, name)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Begins a new transaction. Note that nested transactions are not allowed
+    # by SQLite, so attempting to nest a transaction will result in a runtime
+    # exception.
+    #
+    # The +mode+ parameter may be either <tt>:deferred</tt> (the default),
+    # <tt>:immediate</tt>, or <tt>:exclusive</tt>.
+    #
+    # If a block is given, the database instance is yielded to it, and the
+    # transaction is committed when the block terminates. If the block
+    # raises an exception, a rollback will be performed instead. Note that if
+    # a block is given, #commit and #rollback should never be called
+    # explicitly or you'll get an error when the block terminates.
+    #
+    # If a block is not given, it is the caller's responsibility to end the
+    # transaction explicitly, either by calling #commit, or by calling
+    # #rollback.
+    def transaction( mode = :deferred )
+      execute "begin #{mode.to_s} transaction"
+
+      if block_given?
+        abort = false
+        begin
+          yield self
+        rescue
+          abort = true
+          raise
+        ensure
+          abort and rollback or commit
+        end
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Commits the current transaction. If there is no current transaction,
+    # this will cause an error to be raised. This returns +true+, in order
+    # to allow it to be used in idioms like
+    # <tt>abort? and rollback or commit</tt>.
+    def commit
+      execute "commit transaction"
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Rolls the current transaction back. If there is no current transaction,
+    # this will cause an error to be raised. This returns +true+, in order
+    # to allow it to be used in idioms like
+    # <tt>abort? and rollback or commit</tt>.
+    def rollback
+      execute "rollback transaction"
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the database has been open in readonly mode
+    # A helper to check before performing any operation
+    def readonly?
+      @readonly
+    end
+
+    # A helper class for dealing with custom functions (see #create_function,
+    # #create_aggregate, and #create_aggregate_handler). It encapsulates the
+    # opaque function object that represents the current invocation. It also
+    # provides more convenient access to the API functions that operate on
+    # the function object.
+    #
+    # This class will almost _always_ be instantiated indirectly, by working
+    # with the create methods mentioned above.
+    class FunctionProxy
+      attr_accessor :result
+
+      # Create a new FunctionProxy that encapsulates the given +func+ object.
+      # If context is non-nil, the functions context will be set to that. If
+      # it is non-nil, it must quack like a Hash. If it is nil, then none of
+      # the context functions will be available.
+      def initialize
+        @result   = nil
+        @context  = {}
+      end
+
+      # Set the result of the function to the given error message.
+      # The function will then return that error.
+      def set_error( error )
+        @driver.result_error( @func, error.to_s, -1 )
+      end
+
+      # (Only available to aggregate functions.) Returns the number of rows
+      # that the aggregate has processed so far. This will include the current
+      # row, and so will always return at least 1.
+      def count
+        @driver.aggregate_count( @func )
+      end
+
+      # Returns the value with the given key from the context. This is only
+      # available to aggregate functions.
+      def []( key )
+        @context[ key ]
+      end
+
+      # Sets the value with the given key in the context. This is only
+      # available to aggregate functions.
+      def []=( key, value )
+        @context[ key ] = value
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Translates a +row+ of data from the database with the given +types+
+    def translate_from_db types, row
+      @type_translator.call types, row
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    NULL_TRANSLATOR = lambda { |_, row| row }
+
+    def make_type_translator should_translate
+      if should_translate
+        lambda { |types, row|
+          types.zip(row).map do |type, value|
+            translator.translate( type, value )
+          end
+        }
+      else
+        NULL_TRANSLATOR
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end