sqlite3 1.5.0.rc1-x86_64-darwin

data/faq/faq.yml

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+---
+- "How do I do a database query?":
+  - "I just want an array of the rows...": >-
+
+      Use the Database#execute method. If you don't give it a block, it will
+      return an array of all the rows:
+
+
+      <pre>
+        require 'sqlite3'
+
+        db = SQLite3::Database.new( "test.db" )
+        rows = db.execute( "select * from test" )
+      </pre>
+
+  - "I'd like to use a block to iterate through the rows...": >-
+
+      Use the Database#execute method. If you give it a block, each row of the
+      result will be yielded to the block:
+
+
+      <pre>
+        require 'sqlite3'
+
+        db = SQLite3::Database.new( "test.db" )
+        db.execute( "select * from test" ) do |row|
+          ...
+        end
+      </pre>
+
+  - "I need to get the column names as well as the rows...": >-
+
+      Use the Database#execute2 method. This works just like Database#execute;
+      if you don't give it a block, it returns an array of rows; otherwise, it
+      will yield each row to the block. _However_, the first row returned is
+      always an array of the column names from the query:
+
+
+      <pre>
+        require 'sqlite3'
+
+        db = SQLite3::Database.new( "test.db" )
+        columns, *rows = db.execute2( "select * from test" )
+
+        # or use a block:
+
+        columns = nil
+        db.execute2( "select * from test" ) do |row|
+          if columns.nil?
+            columns = row
+          else
+            # process row
+          end
+        end
+      </pre>
+
+  - "I just want the first row of the result set...": >-
+
+      Easy. Just call Database#get_first_row:
+
+
+      <pre>
+        row = db.get_first_row( "select * from table" )
+      </pre>
+
+
+      This also supports bind variables, just like Database#execute
+      and friends.
+
+  - "I just want the first value of the first row of the result set...": >-
+
+      Also easy. Just call Database#get_first_value:
+
+
+      <pre>
+        count = db.get_first_value( "select count(*) from table" )
+      </pre>
+
+
+      This also supports bind variables, just like Database#execute
+      and friends.
+
+- "How do I prepare a statement for repeated execution?": >-
+    If the same statement is going to be executed repeatedly, you can speed
+    things up a bit by _preparing_ the statement. You do this via the
+    Database#prepare method. It returns a Statement object, and you can
+    then invoke #execute on that to get the ResultSet:
+
+    
+    <pre>
+      stmt = db.prepare( "select * from person" )
+
+      1000.times do
+        stmt.execute do |result|
+          ...
+        end
+      end
+
+      stmt.close
+
+      # or, use a block
+
+      db.prepare( "select * from person" ) do |stmt|
+        1000.times do
+          stmt.execute do |result|
+            ...
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    This is made more useful by the ability to bind variables to placeholders
+    via the Statement#bind_param and Statement#bind_params methods. (See the
+    next FAQ for details.)
+
+- "How do I use placeholders in an SQL statement?": >-
+    Placeholders in an SQL statement take any of the following formats:
+
+
+    * @?@
+
+    * @?_nnn_@
+
+    * @:_word_@
+
+
+    Where _n_ is an integer, and _word_ is an alpha-numeric identifier (or
+    number). When the placeholder is associated with a number, that number
+    identifies the index of the bind variable to replace it with. When it
+    is an identifier, it identifies the name of the corresponding bind
+    variable. (In the instance of the first format--a single question
+    mark--the placeholder is assigned a number one greater than the last
+    index used, or 1 if it is the first.)
+
+
+    For example, here is a query using these placeholder formats:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      select *
+        from table
+       where ( c = ?2 or c = ? )
+         and d = :name
+         and e = :1
+    </pre>
+
+
+    This defines 5 different placeholders: 1, 2, 3, and "name".
+
+
+    You replace these placeholders by _binding_ them to values. This can be
+    accomplished in a variety of ways.
+
+
+    The Database#execute, and Database#execute2 methods all accept additional
+    arguments following the SQL statement. These arguments are assumed to be
+    bind parameters, and they are bound (positionally) to their corresponding
+    placeholders:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.execute( "select * from table where a = ? and b = ?",
+                  "hello",
+                  "world" )
+    </pre>
+
+
+    The above would replace the first question mark with 'hello' and the
+    second with 'world'. If the placeholders have an explicit index given, they
+    will be replaced with the bind parameter at that index (1-based).
+
+
+    If a Hash is given as a bind parameter, then its key/value pairs are bound
+    to the placeholders. This is how you bind by name:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.execute( "select * from table where a = :name and b = :value",
+                  "name" => "bob",
+                  "value" => "priceless" )
+    </pre>
+
+
+    You can also bind explicitly using the Statement object itself. Just pass
+    additional parameters to the Statement#execute statement:
+    
+
+    <pre>
+      db.prepare( "select * from table where a = :name and b = ?" ) do |stmt|
+        stmt.execute "value", "name" => "bob"
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Or do a Database#prepare to get the Statement, and then use either
+    Statement#bind_param or Statement#bind_params:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      stmt = db.prepare( "select * from table where a = :name and b = ?" )
+
+      stmt.bind_param( "name", "bob" )
+      stmt.bind_param( 1, "value" )
+
+      # or
+
+      stmt.bind_params( "value", "name" => "bob" )
+    </pre>
+
+- "How do I discover metadata about a query?": >-
+  
+    If you ever want to know the names or types of the columns in a result
+    set, you can do it in several ways.
+
+
+    The first way is to ask the row object itself. Each row will have a
+    property "fields" that returns an array of the column names. The row
+    will also have a property "types" that returns an array of the column
+    types:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      rows = db.execute( "select * from table" )
+      p rows[0].fields
+      p rows[0].types
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Obviously, this approach requires you to execute a statement that actually
+    returns data. If you don't know if the statement will return any rows, but
+    you still need the metadata, you can use Database#query and ask the
+    ResultSet object itself:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.query( "select * from table" ) do |result|
+        p result.columns
+        p result.types
+        ...
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Lastly, you can use Database#prepare and ask the Statement object what
+    the metadata are:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      stmt = db.prepare( "select * from table" )
+      p stmt.columns
+      p stmt.types
+    </pre>
+
+- "I'd like the rows to be indexible by column name.": >-
+    By default, each row from a query is returned as an Array of values. This
+    means that you can only obtain values by their index. Sometimes, however,
+    you would like to obtain values by their column name.
+
+
+    The first way to do this is to set the Database property "results_as_hash"
+    to true. If you do this, then all rows will be returned as Hash objects,
+    with the column names as the keys. (In this case, the "fields" property
+    is unavailable on the row, although the "types" property remains.)
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.results_as_hash = true
+      db.execute( "select * from table" ) do |row|
+        p row['column1']
+        p row['column2']
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    The other way is to use Ara Howard's
+    "ArrayFields":http://rubyforge.org/projects/arrayfields
+    module. Just require "arrayfields", and all of your rows will be indexable
+    by column name, even though they are still arrays!
+
+
+    <pre>
+      require 'arrayfields'
+
+      ...
+      db.execute( "select * from table" ) do |row|
+        p row[0] == row['column1']
+        p row[1] == row['column2']
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+- "I'd like the values from a query to be the correct types, instead of String.": >-
+    You can turn on "type translation" by setting Database#type_translation to
+    true:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.type_translation = true
+      db.execute( "select * from table" ) do |row|
+        p row
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    By doing this, each return value for each row will be translated to its
+    correct type, based on its declared column type.
+
+
+    You can even declare your own translation routines, if (for example) you are
+    using an SQL type that is not handled by default:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      # assume "objects" table has the following schema:
+      #   create table objects (
+      #     name varchar2(20),
+      #     thing object
+      #   )
+
+      db.type_translation = true
+      db.translator.add_translator( "object" ) do |type, value|
+        db.decode( value )
+      end
+
+      h = { :one=>:two, "three"=>"four", 5=>6 }
+      dump = db.encode( h )
+
+      db.execute( "insert into objects values ( ?, ? )", "bob", dump )
+
+      obj = db.get_first_value( "select thing from objects where name='bob'" )
+      p obj == h
+    </pre>
+
+- "How do I insert binary data into the database?": >-
+    Use blobs. Blobs are new features of SQLite3. You have to use bind
+    variables to make it work:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.execute( "insert into foo ( ?, ? )",
+        SQLite3::Blob.new( "\0\1\2\3\4\5" ),
+        SQLite3::Blob.new( "a\0b\0c\0d ) )
+    </pre>
+
+
+    The blob values must be indicated explicitly by binding each parameter to
+    a value of type SQLite3::Blob.
+
+- "How do I do a DDL (insert, update, delete) statement?": >-
+    You can actually do inserts, updates, and deletes in exactly the same way
+    as selects, but in general the Database#execute method will be most
+    convenient:
+
+    
+    <pre>
+      db.execute( "insert into table values ( ?, ? )", *bind_vars )
+    </pre>
+
+- "How do I execute multiple statements in a single string?": >-
+    The standard query methods (Database#execute, Database#execute2,
+    Database#query, and Statement#execute) will only execute the first
+    statement in the string that is given to them. Thus, if you have a
+    string with multiple SQL statements, each separated by a string,
+    you can't use those methods to execute them all at once.
+
+
+    Instead, use Database#execute_batch:
+
+
+    <pre>
+      sql = <<SQL
+        create table the_table (
+          a varchar2(30),
+          b varchar2(30)
+        );
+
+        insert into the_table values ( 'one', 'two' );
+        insert into the_table values ( 'three', 'four' );
+        insert into the_table values ( 'five', 'six' );
+      SQL
+
+      db.execute_batch( sql )
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Unlike the other query methods, Database#execute_batch accepts no
+    block. It will also only ever return +nil+. Thus, it is really only
+    suitable for batch processing of DDL statements.
+
+- "How do I begin/end a transaction?":
+    Use Database#transaction to start a transaction. If you give it a block,
+    the block will be automatically committed at the end of the block,
+    unless an exception was raised, in which case the transaction will be
+    rolled back. (Never explicitly call Database#commit or Database#rollback
+    inside of a transaction block--you'll get errors when the block
+    terminates!)
+
+
+    <pre>
+      database.transaction do |db|
+        db.execute( "insert into table values ( 'a', 'b', 'c' )" )
+        ...
+      end
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Alternatively, if you don't give a block to Database#transaction, the
+    transaction remains open until you explicitly call Database#commit or
+    Database#rollback.
+
+
+    <pre>
+      db.transaction
+      db.execute( "insert into table values ( 'a', 'b', 'c' )" )
+      db.commit
+    </pre>
+
+
+    Note that SQLite does not allow nested transactions, so you'll get errors
+    if you try to open a new transaction while one is already active. Use
+    Database#transaction_active? to determine whether a transaction is
+    active or not.
+
+#- "How do I discover metadata about a table/index?":
+#
+#- "How do I do tweak database settings?":

data/lib/sqlite3/constants.rb

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+module SQLite3 ; module Constants
+
+  module TextRep
+    UTF8    = 1
+    UTF16LE = 2
+    UTF16BE = 3
+    UTF16   = 4
+    ANY     = 5
+    DETERMINISTIC = 0x800
+  end
+
+  module ColumnType
+    INTEGER = 1
+    FLOAT   = 2
+    TEXT    = 3
+    BLOB    = 4
+    NULL    = 5
+  end
+
+  module ErrorCode
+    OK         =  0   # Successful result
+    ERROR      =  1   # SQL error or missing database
+    INTERNAL   =  2   # An internal logic error in SQLite
+    PERM       =  3   # Access permission denied
+    ABORT      =  4   # Callback routine requested an abort
+    BUSY       =  5   # The database file is locked
+    LOCKED     =  6   # A table in the database is locked
+    NOMEM      =  7   # A malloc() failed
+    READONLY   =  8   # Attempt to write a readonly database
+    INTERRUPT  =  9   # Operation terminated by sqlite_interrupt()
+    IOERR      = 10   # Some kind of disk I/O error occurred
+    CORRUPT    = 11   # The database disk image is malformed
+    NOTFOUND   = 12   # (Internal Only) Table or record not found
+    FULL       = 13   # Insertion failed because database is full
+    CANTOPEN   = 14   # Unable to open the database file
+    PROTOCOL   = 15   # Database lock protocol error
+    EMPTY      = 16   # (Internal Only) Database table is empty
+    SCHEMA     = 17   # The database schema changed
+    TOOBIG     = 18   # Too much data for one row of a table
+    CONSTRAINT = 19   # Abort due to constraint violation
+    MISMATCH   = 20   # Data type mismatch
+    MISUSE     = 21   # Library used incorrectly
+    NOLFS      = 22   # Uses OS features not supported on host
+    AUTH       = 23   # Authorization denied
+
+    ROW        = 100  # sqlite_step() has another row ready
+    DONE       = 101  # sqlite_step() has finished executing
+  end
+
+end ; end