sprockets-browserify 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/lib/scope.js

@@ -57,41 +57,48 @@ function SymbolDef(scope, index, orig) {
 
 SymbolDef.prototype = {
     unmangleable: function(options) {
-        return this.global
+        return (this.global && !(options && options.toplevel))
             || this.undeclared
             || (!(options && options.eval) && (this.scope.uses_eval || this.scope.uses_with));
     },
     mangle: function(options) {
-        if (!this.mangled_name && !this.unmangleable(options))
-            this.mangled_name = this.scope.next_mangled(options);
+        if (!this.mangled_name && !this.unmangleable(options)) {
+            var s = this.scope;
+            if (!options.screw_ie8 && this.orig[0] instanceof AST_SymbolLambda)
+                s = s.parent_scope;
+            this.mangled_name = s.next_mangled(options, this);
+        }
     }
 };
 
-AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
-    // This does what ast_add_scope did in UglifyJS v1.
-    //
-    // Part of it could be done at parse time, but it would complicate
-    // the parser (and it's already kinda complex).  It's also worth
-    // having it separated because we might need to call it multiple
-    // times on the same tree.
+AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(options){
+    options = defaults(options, {
+        screw_ie8: false
+    });
 
     // pass 1: setup scope chaining and handle definitions
     var self = this;
     var scope = self.parent_scope = null;
-    var labels = new Dictionary();
+    var defun = null;
     var nesting = 0;
     var tw = new TreeWalker(function(node, descend){
+        if (options.screw_ie8 && node instanceof AST_Catch) {
+            var save_scope = scope;
+            scope = new AST_Scope(node);
+            scope.init_scope_vars(nesting);
+            scope.parent_scope = save_scope;
+            descend();
+            scope = save_scope;
+            return true;
+        }
         if (node instanceof AST_Scope) {
             node.init_scope_vars(nesting);
             var save_scope = node.parent_scope = scope;
-            var save_labels = labels;
-            ++nesting;
-            scope = node;
-            labels = new Dictionary();
-            descend();
-            labels = save_labels;
+            var save_defun = defun;
+            defun = scope = node;
+            ++nesting; descend(); --nesting;
             scope = save_scope;
-            --nesting;
+            defun = save_defun;
             return true;        // don't descend again in TreeWalker
         }
         if (node instanceof AST_Directive) {
@@ -104,30 +111,11 @@ AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
                 s.uses_with = true;
             return;
         }
-        if (node instanceof AST_LabeledStatement) {
-            var l = node.label;
-            if (labels.has(l.name))
-                throw new Error(string_template("Label {name} defined twice", l));
-            labels.set(l.name, l);
-            descend();
-            labels.del(l.name);
-            return true;        // no descend again
-        }
         if (node instanceof AST_Symbol) {
             node.scope = scope;
         }
-        if (node instanceof AST_Label) {
-            node.thedef = node;
-            node.init_scope_vars();
-        }
         if (node instanceof AST_SymbolLambda) {
-            //scope.def_function(node);
-            //
-            // https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2/issues/24 — MSIE
-            // leaks function expression names into the containing
-            // scope.  Don't like this fix but seems we can't do any
-            // better.  IE: please die. Please!
-            (node.scope = scope.parent_scope).def_function(node);
+            defun.def_function(node);
         }
         else if (node instanceof AST_SymbolDefun) {
             // Careful here, the scope where this should be defined is
@@ -135,31 +123,17 @@ AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
             // scope when we encounter the AST_Defun node (which is
             // instanceof AST_Scope) but we get to the symbol a bit
             // later.
-            (node.scope = scope.parent_scope).def_function(node);
+            (node.scope = defun.parent_scope).def_function(node);
         }
         else if (node instanceof AST_SymbolVar
                  || node instanceof AST_SymbolConst) {
-            var def = scope.def_variable(node);
+            var def = defun.def_variable(node);
             def.constant = node instanceof AST_SymbolConst;
             def.init = tw.parent().value;
         }
         else if (node instanceof AST_SymbolCatch) {
-            // XXX: this is wrong according to ECMA-262 (12.4).  the
-            // `catch` argument name should be visible only inside the
-            // catch block.  For a quick fix AST_Catch should inherit
-            // from AST_Scope.  Keeping it this way because of IE,
-            // which doesn't obey the standard. (it introduces the
-            // identifier in the enclosing scope)
-            scope.def_variable(node);
-        }
-        if (node instanceof AST_LabelRef) {
-            var sym = labels.get(node.name);
-            if (!sym) throw new Error(string_template("Undefined label {name} [{line},{col}]", {
-                name: node.name,
-                line: node.start.line,
-                col: node.start.col
-            }));
-            node.thedef = sym;
+            (options.screw_ie8 ? scope : defun)
+                .def_variable(node);
         }
     });
     self.walk(tw);
@@ -175,10 +149,6 @@ AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
             func = prev_func;
             return true;
         }
-        if (node instanceof AST_LabelRef) {
-            node.reference();
-            return true;
-        }
         if (node instanceof AST_SymbolRef) {
             var name = node.name;
             var sym = node.scope.find_variable(name);
@@ -189,6 +159,7 @@ AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
                 } else {
                     g = new SymbolDef(self, globals.size(), node);
                     g.undeclared = true;
+                    g.global = true;
                     globals.set(name, g);
                 }
                 node.thedef = g;
@@ -196,7 +167,7 @@ AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("figure_out_scope", function(){
                     for (var s = node.scope; s && !s.uses_eval; s = s.parent_scope)
                         s.uses_eval = true;
                 }
-                if (name == "arguments") {
+                if (func && name == "arguments") {
                     func.uses_arguments = true;
                 }
             } else {
@@ -242,14 +213,6 @@ AST_SymbolRef.DEFMETHOD("reference", function() {
     this.frame = this.scope.nesting - def.scope.nesting;
 });
 
-AST_Label.DEFMETHOD("init_scope_vars", function(){
-    this.references = [];
-});
-
-AST_LabelRef.DEFMETHOD("reference", function(){
-    this.thedef.references.push(this);
-});
-
 AST_Scope.DEFMETHOD("find_variable", function(name){
     if (name instanceof AST_Symbol) name = name.name;
     return this.variables.get(name)
@@ -279,14 +242,19 @@ AST_Scope.DEFMETHOD("def_variable", function(symbol){
 });
 
 AST_Scope.DEFMETHOD("next_mangled", function(options){
-    var ext = this.enclosed, n = ext.length;
+    var ext = this.enclosed;
     out: while (true) {
         var m = base54(++this.cname);
         if (!is_identifier(m)) continue; // skip over "do"
+
+        // https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2/issues/242 -- do not
+        // shadow a name excepted from mangling.
+        if (options.except.indexOf(m) >= 0) continue;
+
         // we must ensure that the mangled name does not shadow a name
         // from some parent scope that is referenced in this or in
         // inner scopes.
-        for (var i = n; --i >= 0;) {
+        for (var i = ext.length; --i >= 0;) {
             var sym = ext[i];
             var name = sym.mangled_name || (sym.unmangleable(options) && sym.name);
             if (m == name) continue out;
@@ -295,6 +263,19 @@ AST_Scope.DEFMETHOD("next_mangled", function(options){
     }
 });
 
+AST_Function.DEFMETHOD("next_mangled", function(options, def){
+    // #179, #326
+    // in Safari strict mode, something like (function x(x){...}) is a syntax error;
+    // a function expression's argument cannot shadow the function expression's name
+
+    var tricky_def = def.orig[0] instanceof AST_SymbolFunarg && this.name && this.name.definition();
+    while (true) {
+        var name = AST_Lambda.prototype.next_mangled.call(this, options, def);
+        if (!(tricky_def && tricky_def.mangled_name == name))
+            return name;
+    }
+});
+
 AST_Scope.DEFMETHOD("references", function(sym){
     if (sym instanceof AST_Symbol) sym = sym.definition();
     return this.enclosed.indexOf(sym) < 0 ? null : sym;
@@ -341,9 +322,11 @@ AST_Symbol.DEFMETHOD("global", function(){
 
 AST_Toplevel.DEFMETHOD("_default_mangler_options", function(options){
     return defaults(options, {
-        except : [],
-        eval   : false,
-        sort   : false
+        except   : [],
+        eval     : false,
+        sort     : false,
+        toplevel : false,
+        screw_ie8 : false
     });
 });
 

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/lib/sourcemap.js

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ function SourceMap(options) {
         file : null,
         root : null,
         orig : null,
+
+        orig_line_diff : 0,
+        dest_line_diff : 0,
     });
     var generator = new MOZ_SourceMap.SourceMapGenerator({
         file       : options.file,
@@ -67,8 +70,8 @@ function SourceMap(options) {
             name = info.name;
         }
         generator.addMapping({
-            generated : { line: gen_line, column: gen_col },
-            original  : { line: orig_line, column: orig_col },
+            generated : { line: gen_line + options.dest_line_diff, column: gen_col },
+            original  : { line: orig_line + options.orig_line_diff, column: orig_col },
             source    : source,
             name      : name
         });

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/lib/transform.js

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 "use strict";
 
 // Tree transformer helpers.
-// XXX: eventually I should refactor the compressor to use this infrastructure.
 
 function TreeTransformer(before, after) {
     TreeWalker.call(this);
@@ -160,6 +159,7 @@ TreeTransformer.prototype = new TreeWalker;
     });
 
     _(AST_VarDef, function(self, tw){
+        self.name = self.name.transform(tw);
         if (self.value) self.value = self.value.transform(tw);
     });
 

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/lib/utils.js

@@ -82,16 +82,23 @@ function repeat_string(str, i) {
 };
 
 function DefaultsError(msg, defs) {
+    Error.call(this, msg);
     this.msg = msg;
     this.defs = defs;
 };
+DefaultsError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+DefaultsError.prototype.constructor = DefaultsError;
+
+DefaultsError.croak = function(msg, defs) {
+    throw new DefaultsError(msg, defs);
+};
 
 function defaults(args, defs, croak) {
     if (args === true)
         args = {};
     var ret = args || {};
     if (croak) for (var i in ret) if (ret.hasOwnProperty(i) && !defs.hasOwnProperty(i))
-        throw new DefaultsError("`" + i + "` is not a supported option", defs);
+        DefaultsError.croak("`" + i + "` is not a supported option", defs);
     for (var i in defs) if (defs.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
         ret[i] = (args && args.hasOwnProperty(i)) ? args[i] : defs[i];
     }
@@ -245,6 +252,13 @@ function makePredicate(words) {
     return new Function("str", f);
 };
 
+function all(array, predicate) {
+    for (var i = array.length; --i >= 0;)
+        if (!predicate(array[i]))
+            return false;
+    return true;
+};
+
 function Dictionary() {
     this._values = Object.create(null);
     this._size = 0;

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/node_modules/async/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 Caolan McMahon
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

data/node_modules/browserify/node_modules/umd/node_modules/uglify-js/node_modules/async/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,1425 @@
+# Async.js
+
+Async is a utility module which provides straight-forward, powerful functions
+for working with asynchronous JavaScript. Although originally designed for
+use with [node.js](http://nodejs.org), it can also be used directly in the
+browser. Also supports [component](https://github.com/component/component).
+
+Async provides around 20 functions that include the usual 'functional'
+suspects (map, reduce, filter, each…) as well as some common patterns
+for asynchronous control flow (parallel, series, waterfall…). All these
+functions assume you follow the node.js convention of providing a single
+callback as the last argument of your async function.
+
+
+## Quick Examples
+
+```javascript
+async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results){
+    // results is now an array of stats for each file
+});
+
+async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.exists, function(results){
+    // results now equals an array of the existing files
+});
+
+async.parallel([
+    function(){ ... },
+    function(){ ... }
+], callback);
+
+async.series([
+    function(){ ... },
+    function(){ ... }
+]);
+```
+
+There are many more functions available so take a look at the docs below for a
+full list. This module aims to be comprehensive, so if you feel anything is
+missing please create a GitHub issue for it.
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+### Binding a context to an iterator
+
+This section is really about bind, not about async. If you are wondering how to
+make async execute your iterators in a given context, or are confused as to why
+a method of another library isn't working as an iterator, study this example:
+
+```js
+// Here is a simple object with an (unnecessarily roundabout) squaring method
+var AsyncSquaringLibrary = {
+  squareExponent: 2,
+  square: function(number, callback){ 
+    var result = Math.pow(number, this.squareExponent);
+    setTimeout(function(){
+      callback(null, result);
+    }, 200);
+  }
+};
+
+async.map([1, 2, 3], AsyncSquaringLibrary.square, function(err, result){
+  // result is [NaN, NaN, NaN]
+  // This fails because the `this.squareExponent` expression in the square
+  // function is not evaluated in the context of AsyncSquaringLibrary, and is
+  // therefore undefined.
+});
+
+async.map([1, 2, 3], AsyncSquaringLibrary.square.bind(AsyncSquaringLibrary), function(err, result){
+  // result is [1, 4, 9]
+  // With the help of bind we can attach a context to the iterator before
+  // passing it to async. Now the square function will be executed in its 
+  // 'home' AsyncSquaringLibrary context and the value of `this.squareExponent`
+  // will be as expected.
+});
+```
+
+## Download
+
+The source is available for download from
+[GitHub](http://github.com/caolan/async).
+Alternatively, you can install using Node Package Manager (npm):
+
+    npm install async
+
+__Development:__ [async.js](https://github.com/caolan/async/raw/master/lib/async.js) - 29.6kb Uncompressed
+
+## In the Browser
+
+So far it's been tested in IE6, IE7, IE8, FF3.6 and Chrome 5. Usage:
+
+```html
+<script type="text/javascript" src="async.js"></script>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+
+    async.map(data, asyncProcess, function(err, results){
+        alert(results);
+    });
+
+</script>
+```
+
+## Documentation
+
+### Collections
+
+* [each](#each)
+* [eachSeries](#eachSeries)
+* [eachLimit](#eachLimit)
+* [map](#map)
+* [mapSeries](#mapSeries)
+* [mapLimit](#mapLimit)
+* [filter](#filter)
+* [filterSeries](#filterSeries)
+* [reject](#reject)
+* [rejectSeries](#rejectSeries)
+* [reduce](#reduce)
+* [reduceRight](#reduceRight)
+* [detect](#detect)
+* [detectSeries](#detectSeries)
+* [sortBy](#sortBy)
+* [some](#some)
+* [every](#every)
+* [concat](#concat)
+* [concatSeries](#concatSeries)
+
+### Control Flow
+
+* [series](#series)
+* [parallel](#parallel)
+* [parallelLimit](#parallellimittasks-limit-callback)
+* [whilst](#whilst)
+* [doWhilst](#doWhilst)
+* [until](#until)
+* [doUntil](#doUntil)
+* [forever](#forever)
+* [waterfall](#waterfall)
+* [compose](#compose)
+* [applyEach](#applyEach)
+* [applyEachSeries](#applyEachSeries)
+* [queue](#queue)
+* [cargo](#cargo)
+* [auto](#auto)
+* [iterator](#iterator)
+* [apply](#apply)
+* [nextTick](#nextTick)
+* [times](#times)
+* [timesSeries](#timesSeries)
+
+### Utils
+
+* [memoize](#memoize)
+* [unmemoize](#unmemoize)
+* [log](#log)
+* [dir](#dir)
+* [noConflict](#noConflict)
+
+
+## Collections
+
+<a name="forEach" />
+<a name="each" />
+### each(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Applies an iterator function to each item in an array, in parallel.
+The iterator is called with an item from the list and a callback for when it
+has finished. If the iterator passes an error to this callback, the main
+callback for the each function is immediately called with the error.
+
+Note, that since this function applies the iterator to each item in parallel
+there is no guarantee that the iterator functions will complete in order.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err) which must be called once it has 
+  completed. If no error has occured, the callback should be run without 
+  arguments or with an explicit null argument.
+* callback(err) - A callback which is called after all the iterator functions
+  have finished, or an error has occurred.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// assuming openFiles is an array of file names and saveFile is a function
+// to save the modified contents of that file:
+
+async.each(openFiles, saveFile, function(err){
+    // if any of the saves produced an error, err would equal that error
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="forEachSeries" />
+<a name="eachSeries" />
+### eachSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as each only the iterator is applied to each item in the array in
+series. The next iterator is only called once the current one has completed
+processing. This means the iterator functions will complete in order.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="forEachLimit" />
+<a name="eachLimit" />
+### eachLimit(arr, limit, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as each only no more than "limit" iterators will be simultaneously 
+running at any time.
+
+Note that the items are not processed in batches, so there is no guarantee that
+ the first "limit" iterator functions will complete before any others are 
+started.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* limit - The maximum number of iterators to run at any time.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err) which must be called once it has 
+  completed. If no error has occured, the callback should be run without 
+  arguments or with an explicit null argument.
+* callback(err) - A callback which is called after all the iterator functions
+  have finished, or an error has occurred.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// Assume documents is an array of JSON objects and requestApi is a
+// function that interacts with a rate-limited REST api.
+
+async.eachLimit(documents, 20, requestApi, function(err){
+    // if any of the saves produced an error, err would equal that error
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="map" />
+### map(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Produces a new array of values by mapping each value in the given array through
+the iterator function. The iterator is called with an item from the array and a
+callback for when it has finished processing. The callback takes 2 arguments, 
+an error and the transformed item from the array. If the iterator passes an
+error to this callback, the main callback for the map function is immediately
+called with the error.
+
+Note, that since this function applies the iterator to each item in parallel
+there is no guarantee that the iterator functions will complete in order, however
+the results array will be in the same order as the original array.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err, transformed) which must be called once 
+  it has completed with an error (which can be null) and a transformed item.
+* callback(err, results) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished, or an error has occurred. Results is an array of the
+  transformed items from the original array.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results){
+    // results is now an array of stats for each file
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="mapSeries" />
+### mapSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as map only the iterator is applied to each item in the array in
+series. The next iterator is only called once the current one has completed
+processing. The results array will be in the same order as the original.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="mapLimit" />
+### mapLimit(arr, limit, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as map only no more than "limit" iterators will be simultaneously 
+running at any time.
+
+Note that the items are not processed in batches, so there is no guarantee that
+ the first "limit" iterator functions will complete before any others are 
+started.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* limit - The maximum number of iterators to run at any time.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err, transformed) which must be called once 
+  it has completed with an error (which can be null) and a transformed item.
+* callback(err, results) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished, or an error has occurred. Results is an array of the
+  transformed items from the original array.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.mapLimit(['file1','file2','file3'], 1, fs.stat, function(err, results){
+    // results is now an array of stats for each file
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="filter" />
+### filter(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+__Alias:__ select
+
+Returns a new array of all the values which pass an async truth test.
+_The callback for each iterator call only accepts a single argument of true or
+false, it does not accept an error argument first!_ This is in-line with the
+way node libraries work with truth tests like fs.exists. This operation is
+performed in parallel, but the results array will be in the same order as the
+original.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A truth test to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(truthValue) which must be called with a 
+  boolean argument once it has completed.
+* callback(results) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.exists, function(results){
+    // results now equals an array of the existing files
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="filterSeries" />
+### filterSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+__alias:__ selectSeries
+
+The same as filter only the iterator is applied to each item in the array in
+series. The next iterator is only called once the current one has completed
+processing. The results array will be in the same order as the original.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="reject" />
+### reject(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The opposite of filter. Removes values that pass an async truth test.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="rejectSeries" />
+### rejectSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as reject, only the iterator is applied to each item in the array
+in series.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="reduce" />
+### reduce(arr, memo, iterator, callback)
+
+__aliases:__ inject, foldl
+
+Reduces a list of values into a single value using an async iterator to return
+each successive step. Memo is the initial state of the reduction. This
+function only operates in series. For performance reasons, it may make sense to
+split a call to this function into a parallel map, then use the normal
+Array.prototype.reduce on the results. This function is for situations where
+each step in the reduction needs to be async, if you can get the data before
+reducing it then it's probably a good idea to do so.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* memo - The initial state of the reduction.
+* iterator(memo, item, callback) - A function applied to each item in the
+  array to produce the next step in the reduction. The iterator is passed a
+  callback(err, reduction) which accepts an optional error as its first 
+  argument, and the state of the reduction as the second. If an error is 
+  passed to the callback, the reduction is stopped and the main callback is 
+  immediately called with the error.
+* callback(err, result) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished. Result is the reduced value.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.reduce([1,2,3], 0, function(memo, item, callback){
+    // pointless async:
+    process.nextTick(function(){
+        callback(null, memo + item)
+    });
+}, function(err, result){
+    // result is now equal to the last value of memo, which is 6
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="reduceRight" />
+### reduceRight(arr, memo, iterator, callback)
+
+__Alias:__ foldr
+
+Same as reduce, only operates on the items in the array in reverse order.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="detect" />
+### detect(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Returns the first value in a list that passes an async truth test. The
+iterator is applied in parallel, meaning the first iterator to return true will
+fire the detect callback with that result. That means the result might not be
+the first item in the original array (in terms of order) that passes the test.
+
+If order within the original array is important then look at detectSeries.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A truth test to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(truthValue) which must be called with a 
+  boolean argument once it has completed.
+* callback(result) - A callback which is called as soon as any iterator returns
+  true, or after all the iterator functions have finished. Result will be
+  the first item in the array that passes the truth test (iterator) or the
+  value undefined if none passed.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.detect(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.exists, function(result){
+    // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="detectSeries" />
+### detectSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as detect, only the iterator is applied to each item in the array
+in series. This means the result is always the first in the original array (in
+terms of array order) that passes the truth test.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="sortBy" />
+### sortBy(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Sorts a list by the results of running each value through an async iterator.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err, sortValue) which must be called once it
+  has completed with an error (which can be null) and a value to use as the sort
+  criteria.
+* callback(err, results) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished, or an error has occurred. Results is the items from
+  the original array sorted by the values returned by the iterator calls.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.sortBy(['file1','file2','file3'], function(file, callback){
+    fs.stat(file, function(err, stats){
+        callback(err, stats.mtime);
+    });
+}, function(err, results){
+    // results is now the original array of files sorted by
+    // modified date
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="some" />
+### some(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+__Alias:__ any
+
+Returns true if at least one element in the array satisfies an async test.
+_The callback for each iterator call only accepts a single argument of true or
+false, it does not accept an error argument first!_ This is in-line with the
+way node libraries work with truth tests like fs.exists. Once any iterator
+call returns true, the main callback is immediately called.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A truth test to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(truthValue) which must be called with a 
+  boolean argument once it has completed.
+* callback(result) - A callback which is called as soon as any iterator returns
+  true, or after all the iterator functions have finished. Result will be
+  either true or false depending on the values of the async tests.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.some(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.exists, function(result){
+    // if result is true then at least one of the files exists
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="every" />
+### every(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+__Alias:__ all
+
+Returns true if every element in the array satisfies an async test.
+_The callback for each iterator call only accepts a single argument of true or
+false, it does not accept an error argument first!_ This is in-line with the
+way node libraries work with truth tests like fs.exists.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over.
+* iterator(item, callback) - A truth test to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(truthValue) which must be called with a 
+  boolean argument once it has completed.
+* callback(result) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on
+  the values of the async tests.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.every(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.exists, function(result){
+    // if result is true then every file exists
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="concat" />
+### concat(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Applies an iterator to each item in a list, concatenating the results. Returns the
+concatenated list. The iterators are called in parallel, and the results are
+concatenated as they return. There is no guarantee that the results array will
+be returned in the original order of the arguments passed to the iterator function.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* arr - An array to iterate over
+* iterator(item, callback) - A function to apply to each item in the array.
+  The iterator is passed a callback(err, results) which must be called once it 
+  has completed with an error (which can be null) and an array of results.
+* callback(err, results) - A callback which is called after all the iterator
+  functions have finished, or an error has occurred. Results is an array containing
+  the concatenated results of the iterator function.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.concat(['dir1','dir2','dir3'], fs.readdir, function(err, files){
+    // files is now a list of filenames that exist in the 3 directories
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="concatSeries" />
+### concatSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+Same as async.concat, but executes in series instead of parallel.
+
+
+## Control Flow
+
+<a name="series" />
+### series(tasks, [callback])
+
+Run an array of functions in series, each one running once the previous
+function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an error to its
+callback, no more functions are run and the callback for the series is
+immediately called with the value of the error. Once the tasks have completed,
+the results are passed to the final callback as an array.
+
+It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will be
+run as a function and the results will be passed to the final callback as an object
+instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling results from
+async.series.
+
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An array or object containing functions to run, each function is passed
+  a callback(err, result) it must call on completion with an error (which can
+  be null) and an optional result value.
+* callback(err, results) - An optional callback to run once all the functions
+  have completed. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all 
+  the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.series([
+    function(callback){
+        // do some stuff ...
+        callback(null, 'one');
+    },
+    function(callback){
+        // do some more stuff ...
+        callback(null, 'two');
+    }
+],
+// optional callback
+function(err, results){
+    // results is now equal to ['one', 'two']
+});
+
+
+// an example using an object instead of an array
+async.series({
+    one: function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 1);
+        }, 200);
+    },
+    two: function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 2);
+        }, 100);
+    }
+},
+function(err, results) {
+    // results is now equal to: {one: 1, two: 2}
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="parallel" />
+### parallel(tasks, [callback])
+
+Run an array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the previous
+function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to its
+callback, the main callback is immediately called with the value of the error.
+Once the tasks have completed, the results are passed to the final callback as an
+array.
+
+It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will be
+run as a function and the results will be passed to the final callback as an object
+instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling results from
+async.parallel.
+
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An array or object containing functions to run, each function is passed 
+  a callback(err, result) it must call on completion with an error (which can
+  be null) and an optional result value.
+* callback(err, results) - An optional callback to run once all the functions
+  have completed. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all 
+  the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.parallel([
+    function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 'one');
+        }, 200);
+    },
+    function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 'two');
+        }, 100);
+    }
+],
+// optional callback
+function(err, results){
+    // the results array will equal ['one','two'] even though
+    // the second function had a shorter timeout.
+});
+
+
+// an example using an object instead of an array
+async.parallel({
+    one: function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 1);
+        }, 200);
+    },
+    two: function(callback){
+        setTimeout(function(){
+            callback(null, 2);
+        }, 100);
+    }
+},
+function(err, results) {
+    // results is now equals to: {one: 1, two: 2}
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="parallel" />
+### parallelLimit(tasks, limit, [callback])
+
+The same as parallel only the tasks are executed in parallel with a maximum of "limit" 
+tasks executing at any time.
+
+Note that the tasks are not executed in batches, so there is no guarantee that 
+the first "limit" tasks will complete before any others are started.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An array or object containing functions to run, each function is passed 
+  a callback(err, result) it must call on completion with an error (which can
+  be null) and an optional result value.
+* limit - The maximum number of tasks to run at any time.
+* callback(err, results) - An optional callback to run once all the functions
+  have completed. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all 
+  the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="whilst" />
+### whilst(test, fn, callback)
+
+Repeatedly call fn, while test returns true. Calls the callback when stopped,
+or an error occurs.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* test() - synchronous truth test to perform before each execution of fn.
+* fn(callback) - A function to call each time the test passes. The function is
+  passed a callback(err) which must be called once it has completed with an 
+  optional error argument.
+* callback(err) - A callback which is called after the test fails and repeated
+  execution of fn has stopped.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var count = 0;
+
+async.whilst(
+    function () { return count < 5; },
+    function (callback) {
+        count++;
+        setTimeout(callback, 1000);
+    },
+    function (err) {
+        // 5 seconds have passed
+    }
+);
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="doWhilst" />
+### doWhilst(fn, test, callback)
+
+The post check version of whilst. To reflect the difference in the order of operations `test` and `fn` arguments are switched. `doWhilst` is to `whilst` as `do while` is to `while` in plain JavaScript.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="until" />
+### until(test, fn, callback)
+
+Repeatedly call fn, until test returns true. Calls the callback when stopped,
+or an error occurs.
+
+The inverse of async.whilst.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="doUntil" />
+### doUntil(fn, test, callback)
+
+Like doWhilst except the test is inverted. Note the argument ordering differs from `until`.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="forever" />
+### forever(fn, callback)
+
+Calls the asynchronous function 'fn' repeatedly, in series, indefinitely.
+If an error is passed to fn's callback then 'callback' is called with the
+error, otherwise it will never be called.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="waterfall" />
+### waterfall(tasks, [callback])
+
+Runs an array of functions in series, each passing their results to the next in
+the array. However, if any of the functions pass an error to the callback, the
+next function is not executed and the main callback is immediately called with
+the error.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An array of functions to run, each function is passed a 
+  callback(err, result1, result2, ...) it must call on completion. The first
+  argument is an error (which can be null) and any further arguments will be 
+  passed as arguments in order to the next task.
+* callback(err, [results]) - An optional callback to run once all the functions
+  have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's callback.
+
+
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.waterfall([
+    function(callback){
+        callback(null, 'one', 'two');
+    },
+    function(arg1, arg2, callback){
+        callback(null, 'three');
+    },
+    function(arg1, callback){
+        // arg1 now equals 'three'
+        callback(null, 'done');
+    }
+], function (err, result) {
+   // result now equals 'done'    
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+<a name="compose" />
+### compose(fn1, fn2...)
+
+Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous
+functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that
+follows. Composing functions f(), g() and h() would produce the result of
+f(g(h())), only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.
+
+Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* functions... - the asynchronous functions to compose
+
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+function add1(n, callback) {
+    setTimeout(function () {
+        callback(null, n + 1);
+    }, 10);
+}
+
+function mul3(n, callback) {
+    setTimeout(function () {
+        callback(null, n * 3);
+    }, 10);
+}
+
+var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
+
+add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
+   // result now equals 15
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+<a name="applyEach" />
+### applyEach(fns, args..., callback)
+
+Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling the
+callback after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first
+argument then it will return a function which lets you pass in the
+arguments as if it were a single function call.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* fns - the asynchronous functions to all call with the same arguments
+* args... - any number of separate arguments to pass to the function
+* callback - the final argument should be the callback, called when all
+  functions have completed processing
+
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket', callback);
+
+// partial application example:
+async.each(
+    buckets,
+    async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema]),
+    callback
+);
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="applyEachSeries" />
+### applyEachSeries(arr, iterator, callback)
+
+The same as applyEach only the functions are applied in series.
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="queue" />
+### queue(worker, concurrency)
+
+Creates a queue object with the specified concurrency. Tasks added to the
+queue will be processed in parallel (up to the concurrency limit). If all
+workers are in progress, the task is queued until one is available. Once
+a worker has completed a task, the task's callback is called.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* worker(task, callback) - An asynchronous function for processing a queued
+  task, which must call its callback(err) argument when finished, with an 
+  optional error as an argument.
+* concurrency - An integer for determining how many worker functions should be
+  run in parallel.
+
+__Queue objects__
+
+The queue object returned by this function has the following properties and
+methods:
+
+* length() - a function returning the number of items waiting to be processed.
+* concurrency - an integer for determining how many worker functions should be
+  run in parallel. This property can be changed after a queue is created to
+  alter the concurrency on-the-fly.
+* push(task, [callback]) - add a new task to the queue, the callback is called
+  once the worker has finished processing the task.
+  instead of a single task, an array of tasks can be submitted. the respective callback is used for every task in the list.
+* unshift(task, [callback]) - add a new task to the front of the queue.
+* saturated - a callback that is called when the queue length hits the concurrency and further tasks will be queued
+* empty - a callback that is called when the last item from the queue is given to a worker
+* drain - a callback that is called when the last item from the queue has returned from the worker
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// create a queue object with concurrency 2
+
+var q = async.queue(function (task, callback) {
+    console.log('hello ' + task.name);
+    callback();
+}, 2);
+
+
+// assign a callback
+q.drain = function() {
+    console.log('all items have been processed');
+}
+
+// add some items to the queue
+
+q.push({name: 'foo'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing foo');
+});
+q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing bar');
+});
+
+// add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
+
+q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing bar');
+});
+
+// add some items to the front of the queue
+
+q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing bar');
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="cargo" />
+### cargo(worker, [payload])
+
+Creates a cargo object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
+cargo will be processed altogether (up to the payload limit). If the
+worker is in progress, the task is queued until it is available. Once
+the worker has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is called.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* worker(tasks, callback) - An asynchronous function for processing an array of
+  queued tasks, which must call its callback(err) argument when finished, with 
+  an optional error as an argument.
+* payload - An optional integer for determining how many tasks should be
+  processed per round; if omitted, the default is unlimited.
+
+__Cargo objects__
+
+The cargo object returned by this function has the following properties and
+methods:
+
+* length() - a function returning the number of items waiting to be processed.
+* payload - an integer for determining how many tasks should be
+  process per round. This property can be changed after a cargo is created to
+  alter the payload on-the-fly.
+* push(task, [callback]) - add a new task to the queue, the callback is called
+  once the worker has finished processing the task.
+  instead of a single task, an array of tasks can be submitted. the respective callback is used for every task in the list.
+* saturated - a callback that is called when the queue length hits the concurrency and further tasks will be queued
+* empty - a callback that is called when the last item from the queue is given to a worker
+* drain - a callback that is called when the last item from the queue has returned from the worker
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// create a cargo object with payload 2
+
+var cargo = async.cargo(function (tasks, callback) {
+    for(var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++){
+      console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
+    }
+    callback();
+}, 2);
+
+
+// add some items
+
+cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing foo');
+});
+cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing bar');
+});
+cargo.push({name: 'baz'}, function (err) {
+    console.log('finished processing baz');
+});
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="auto" />
+### auto(tasks, [callback])
+
+Determines the best order for running functions based on their requirements.
+Each function can optionally depend on other functions being completed first,
+and each function is run as soon as its requirements are satisfied. If any of
+the functions pass an error to their callback, that function will not complete
+(so any other functions depending on it will not run) and the main callback
+will be called immediately with the error. Functions also receive an object
+containing the results of functions which have completed so far.
+
+Note, all functions are called with a results object as a second argument, 
+so it is unsafe to pass functions in the tasks object which cannot handle the
+extra argument. For example, this snippet of code:
+
+```js
+async.auto({
+  readData: async.apply(fs.readFile, 'data.txt', 'utf-8')
+}, callback);
+```
+
+will have the effect of calling readFile with the results object as the last
+argument, which will fail:
+
+```js
+fs.readFile('data.txt', 'utf-8', cb, {});
+```
+
+Instead, wrap the call to readFile in a function which does not forward the 
+results object:
+
+```js
+async.auto({
+  readData: function(cb, results){
+    fs.readFile('data.txt', 'utf-8', cb);
+  }
+}, callback);
+```
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An object literal containing named functions or an array of
+  requirements, with the function itself the last item in the array. The key
+  used for each function or array is used when specifying requirements. The 
+  function receives two arguments: (1) a callback(err, result) which must be 
+  called when finished, passing an error (which can be null) and the result of 
+  the function's execution, and (2) a results object, containing the results of
+  the previously executed functions.
+* callback(err, results) - An optional callback which is called when all the
+  tasks have been completed. The callback will receive an error as an argument
+  if any tasks pass an error to their callback. Results will always be passed
+	but if an error occurred, no other tasks will be performed, and the results
+	object will only contain partial results.
+  
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+async.auto({
+    get_data: function(callback){
+        // async code to get some data
+    },
+    make_folder: function(callback){
+        // async code to create a directory to store a file in
+        // this is run at the same time as getting the data
+    },
+    write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(callback){
+        // once there is some data and the directory exists,
+        // write the data to a file in the directory
+        callback(null, filename);
+    }],
+    email_link: ['write_file', function(callback, results){
+        // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
+        // results.write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
+    }]
+});
+```
+
+This is a fairly trivial example, but to do this using the basic parallel and
+series functions would look like this:
+
+```js
+async.parallel([
+    function(callback){
+        // async code to get some data
+    },
+    function(callback){
+        // async code to create a directory to store a file in
+        // this is run at the same time as getting the data
+    }
+],
+function(err, results){
+    async.series([
+        function(callback){
+            // once there is some data and the directory exists,
+            // write the data to a file in the directory
+        },
+        function(callback){
+            // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
+        }
+    ]);
+});
+```
+
+For a complicated series of async tasks using the auto function makes adding
+new tasks much easier and makes the code more readable.
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="iterator" />
+### iterator(tasks)
+
+Creates an iterator function which calls the next function in the array,
+returning a continuation to call the next one after that. It's also possible to
+'peek' the next iterator by doing iterator.next().
+
+This function is used internally by the async module but can be useful when
+you want to manually control the flow of functions in series.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* tasks - An array of functions to run.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var iterator = async.iterator([
+    function(){ sys.p('one'); },
+    function(){ sys.p('two'); },
+    function(){ sys.p('three'); }
+]);
+
+node> var iterator2 = iterator();
+'one'
+node> var iterator3 = iterator2();
+'two'
+node> iterator3();
+'three'
+node> var nextfn = iterator2.next();
+node> nextfn();
+'three'
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="apply" />
+### apply(function, arguments..)
+
+Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied, a useful
+shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any arguments
+passed to the returned function are added to the arguments originally passed
+to apply.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* function - The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to.
+* arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically apply when the
+  continuation is called.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// using apply
+
+async.parallel([
+    async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
+    async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2'),
+]);
+
+
+// the same process without using apply
+
+async.parallel([
+    function(callback){
+        fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
+    },
+    function(callback){
+        fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
+    }
+]);
+```
+
+It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
+continuation:
+
+```js
+node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
+node> fn('two', 'three');
+one
+two
+three
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="nextTick" />
+### nextTick(callback)
+
+Calls the callback on a later loop around the event loop. In node.js this just
+calls process.nextTick, in the browser it falls back to setImmediate(callback)
+if available, otherwise setTimeout(callback, 0), which means other higher priority
+events may precede the execution of the callback.
+
+This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* callback - The function to call on a later loop around the event loop.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var call_order = [];
+async.nextTick(function(){
+    call_order.push('two');
+    // call_order now equals ['one','two']
+});
+call_order.push('one')
+```
+
+<a name="times" />
+### times(n, callback)
+
+Calls the callback n times and accumulates results in the same manner
+you would use with async.map.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* n - The number of times to run the function.
+* callback - The function to call n times.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+// Pretend this is some complicated async factory
+var createUser = function(id, callback) {
+  callback(null, {
+    id: 'user' + id
+  })
+}
+// generate 5 users
+async.times(5, function(n, next){
+    createUser(n, function(err, user) {
+      next(err, user)
+    })
+}, function(err, users) {
+  // we should now have 5 users
+});
+```
+
+<a name="timesSeries" />
+### timesSeries(n, callback)
+
+The same as times only the iterator is applied to each item in the array in
+series. The next iterator is only called once the current one has completed
+processing. The results array will be in the same order as the original.
+
+
+## Utils
+
+<a name="memoize" />
+### memoize(fn, [hasher])
+
+Caches the results of an async function. When creating a hash to store function
+results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an optional hash
+function can be used.
+
+The cache of results is exposed as the `memo` property of the function returned
+by `memoize`.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* fn - the function you to proxy and cache results from.
+* hasher - an optional function for generating a custom hash for storing
+  results, it has all the arguments applied to it apart from the callback, and
+  must be synchronous.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var slow_fn = function (name, callback) {
+    // do something
+    callback(null, result);
+};
+var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);
+
+// fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
+fn('some name', function () {
+    // callback
+});
+```
+
+<a name="unmemoize" />
+### unmemoize(fn)
+
+Undoes a memoized function, reverting it to the original, unmemoized
+form. Comes handy in tests.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* fn - the memoized function
+
+<a name="log" />
+### log(function, arguments)
+
+Logs the result of an async function to the console. Only works in node.js or
+in browsers that support console.log and console.error (such as FF and Chrome).
+If multiple arguments are returned from the async function, console.log is
+called on each argument in order.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* function - The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to.
+* arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var hello = function(name, callback){
+    setTimeout(function(){
+        callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
+    }, 1000);
+};
+```
+```js
+node> async.log(hello, 'world');
+'hello world'
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="dir" />
+### dir(function, arguments)
+
+Logs the result of an async function to the console using console.dir to
+display the properties of the resulting object. Only works in node.js or
+in browsers that support console.dir and console.error (such as FF and Chrome).
+If multiple arguments are returned from the async function, console.dir is
+called on each argument in order.
+
+__Arguments__
+
+* function - The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to.
+* arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
+
+__Example__
+
+```js
+var hello = function(name, callback){
+    setTimeout(function(){
+        callback(null, {hello: name});
+    }, 1000);
+};
+```
+```js
+node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
+{hello: 'world'}
+```
+
+---------------------------------------
+
+<a name="noConflict" />
+### noConflict()
+
+Changes the value of async back to its original value, returning a reference to the
+async object.