spreadsheet 1.3.3 → 1.3.5

data/lib/spreadsheet/excel/writer/worksheet.rb

@@ -1,883 +1,921 @@
-require 'stringio'
-require 'spreadsheet/excel/writer/biff8'
-require 'spreadsheet/excel/internals'
-require 'spreadsheet/excel/internals/biff8'
-require 'bigdecimal'
-require 'rational' #for Ruby 1.8.x
+require "stringio"
+require "spreadsheet/excel/writer/biff8"
+require "spreadsheet/excel/internals"
+require "spreadsheet/excel/internals/biff8"
+require "bigdecimal"
 
 module Spreadsheet
   module Excel
     module Writer
-##
-# Writer class for Excel Worksheets. Most write_* method correspond to an
-# Excel-Record/Opcode. You should not need to call any of its methods directly.
-# If you think you do, look at #write_worksheet
-class Worksheet
-  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Writer::Biff8
-  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals
-  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals::Biff8
-  attr_reader :worksheet
-  def initialize workbook, worksheet
-    @workbook = workbook
-    @worksheet = worksheet
-    @io = StringIO.new ''.dup
-    @biff_version = 0x0600
-    @bof = 0x0809
-    @build_id = 3515
-    @build_year = 1996
-    @bof_types = {
-      :globals      => 0x0005,
-      :visual_basic => 0x0006,
-      :worksheet    => 0x0010,
-      :chart        => 0x0020,
-      :macro_sheet  => 0x0040,
-      :workspace    => 0x0100,
-    }
-  end
-  ##
-  # The number of bytes needed to write a Boundsheet record for this Worksheet
-  # Used by Writer::Worksheet to calculate various offsets.
-  def boundsheet_size
-    name.size + 10
-  end
-  def data
-    @io.rewind
-    @io.read
-  end
-  def encode_date date
-    return date if date.is_a? Numeric
-    if date.is_a? Time
-      date = DateTime.new date.year, date.month, date.day,
-                          date.hour, date.min, date.sec
-    end
-    base = @workbook.date_base
-    value = date - base
-    if LEAP_ERROR > base
-      value += 1
-    end
-    value
-  end
-  def encode_rk value
-    #  Bit  Mask        Contents
-    #    0  0x00000001  0 = Value not changed 1 = Value is multiplied by 100
-    #    1  0x00000002  0 = Floating-point value 1 = Signed integer value
-    # 31-2  0xFFFFFFFC  Encoded value
-    cent = 0
-    int = 2
-    higher = value * 100
-    if (higher.is_a?(Rational) or higher.is_a?(BigDecimal) or higher.is_a?(Float)) && higher < 0xfffffffc
-      cent = 1
-      if higher == higher.to_i
-        value = higher.to_i
-      else
-        value = higher
-      end
-    end
-    if value.is_a?(Integer)
-      ## although not documented as signed, 'V' appears to correctly pack
-      #  negative numbers.
-      value <<= 2
-    else
-      # FIXME: precision of small numbers
-      int = 0
-      value, = [value].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack('x4V')
-      value &= 0xfffffffc
-    end
-    value | cent | int
-  end
-  def name
-    unicode_string @worksheet.name
-  end
-  def need_number? cell
-    if cell.is_a?(Numeric) && cell.abs > 0x1fffffff
-      true
-    elsif cell.is_a?(Rational) or ((cell.is_a?(BigDecimal) or cell.is_a?(Float)) and not cell.nan?)
-      higher = cell * 100
-      if higher == higher.to_i
-        need_number? higher.to_i
-      else
-        test1, test2 = [cell * 100].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack('V2')
-        test1 > 0 || need_number?(test2)
-      end
-    else
-      false
-    end
-  end
-  def row_blocks
-    # All cells in an Excel document are divided into blocks of 32 consecutive
-    # rows, called Row Blocks. The first Row Block starts with the first used
-    # row in that sheet. Inside each Row Block there will occur ROW records
-    # describing the properties of the rows, and cell records with all the cell
-    # contents in this Row Block.
-    blocks = []
-    @worksheet.reject do |row| row.empty? end.each_with_index do |row, idx|
-      blocks << [] if idx % 32 == 0
-      blocks.last << row
-    end
-    blocks
-  end
-  def size
-    @io.size
-  end
-  def strings
-    @worksheet.inject(Hash.new(0)) do |memo, row|
-      row.each do |cell|
-        memo[cell] += 1 if (cell.is_a?(String) && !cell.empty?)
-      end
-      memo
-    end
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a blank cell
-  def write_blank row, idx
-    write_cell :blank, row, idx
-  end
-  def write_bof
-    data = [
-      @biff_version, # BIFF version (always 0x0600 for BIFF8)
-      0x0010,        # Type of the following data:
-                     # 0x0005 = Workbook globals
-                     # 0x0006 = Visual Basic module
-                     # 0x0010 = Worksheet
-                     # 0x0020 = Chart
-                     # 0x0040 = Macro sheet
-                     # 0x0100 = Workspace file
-      @build_id,     # Build identifier
-      @build_year,   # Build year
-      0x000,         # File history flags
-      0x006,         # Lowest Excel version that can read
-                     # all records in this file
-    ]
-    write_op @bof, data.pack("v4V2")
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a cell with a Boolean or Error value
-  def write_boolerr row, idx
-    value = row[idx]
-    type = 0
-    numval = 0
-    if value.is_a? Error
-      type = 1
-      numval = value.code
-    elsif value
-      numval = 1
-    end
-    data = [
-      numval, # Boolean or error value (type depends on the following byte)
-      type    # 0 = Boolean value; 1 = Error code
-    ]
-    write_cell :boolerr, row, idx, *data
-  end
-  def write_calccount
-    count = 100 # Maximum number of iterations allowed in circular references
-    write_op 0x000c, [count].pack('v')
-  end
-  def write_cell type, row, idx, *args
-    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
-    data = [
-      row.idx, # Index to row
-      idx,     # Index to column
-      xf_idx,  # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
-    ].concat args
-    write_op opcode(type), data.pack(binfmt(type))
-  end
-  def write_cellblocks row
-    # BLANK ➜ 6.7
-    # BOOLERR ➜ 6.10
-    # INTEGER ➜ 6.56 (BIFF2 only)
-    # LABEL ➜ 6.59 (BIFF2-BIFF7)
-    # LABELSST ➜ 6.61 (BIFF8 only)
-    # MULBLANK ➜ 6.64 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
-    # MULRK ➜ 6.65 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
-    # NUMBER ➜ 6.68
-    # RK ➜ 6.82 (BIFF3-BIFF8)
-    # RSTRING ➜ 6.84 (BIFF5/BIFF7)
-    multiples, first_idx = nil
-    row = row.formatted
-    row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
-      cell = nil if cell == ''
-      ## it appears that there are limitations to RK precision, both for
-      #  Integers and Floats, that lie well below 2^30 significant bits, or
-      #  Ruby's Bignum threshold. In that case we'll just write a Number
-      #  record
-      need_number = need_number? cell
-      if multiples && (!multiples.last.is_a?(cell.class) || need_number)
-        write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples
-        multiples, first_idx = nil
-      end
-      nxt = idx + 1
-      case cell
-      when NilClass
-        if multiples
-          multiples.push cell
-        elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].nil?
-          multiples = [cell]
-          first_idx = idx
-        else
-          write_blank row, idx
-        end
-      when TrueClass, FalseClass, Error
-        write_boolerr row, idx
-      when String
-        write_labelsst row, idx
-      when Numeric
-        ## RK encodes Floats with 30 significant bits, which is a bit more than
-        #  10^9. Not sure what is a good rule of thumb here, but it seems that
-        #  Decimal Numbers with more than 4 significant digits are not represented
-        #  with sufficient precision by RK
-        if need_number
-          write_number row, idx
-        elsif multiples
-          multiples.push cell
-        elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].is_a?(Numeric)
-          multiples = [cell]
-          first_idx = idx
-        else
-          write_rk row, idx
-        end
-      when Formula
-        write_formula row, idx
-      when Date, Time
-        write_number row, idx
-      end
-    end
-    write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples if multiples
-  end
-  def write_colinfo bunch
-    col = bunch.first
-    width = col.width.to_f * 256
-    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, col.default_format
-    opts =  0
-    opts |= 0x0001 if col.hidden?
-    opts |= col.outline_level.to_i << 8
-    opts |= 0x1000 if col.collapsed?
-    data = [
-      col.idx,        # Index to first column in the range
-      bunch.last.idx, # Index to last column in the range
-      width.to_i,     # Width of the columns in 1/256 of the width of the zero
-                      # character, using default font (first FONT record in the
-                      # file)
-      xf_idx.to_i,    # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115) for default column formatting
-      opts,           # Option flags:
-                      # Bits  Mask    Contents
-                      #    0  0x0001  1 = Columns are hidden
-                      # 10-8  0x0700  Outline level of the columns
-                      #               (0 = no outline)
-                      #   12  0x1000  1 = Columns are collapsed
-    ]
-    write_op opcode(:colinfo), data.pack(binfmt(:colinfo))
-  end
-  def write_colinfos
-    cols = @worksheet.columns
-    bunch = []
-    cols.each_with_index do |column, idx|
-      if column
-        bunch << column
-        if cols[idx.next] != column
-          write_colinfo bunch
-          bunch.clear
+      ##
+      # Writer class for Excel Worksheets. Most write_* method correspond to an
+      # Excel-Record/Opcode. You should not need to call any of its methods directly.
+      # If you think you do, look at #write_worksheet
+      class Worksheet
+        include Spreadsheet::Excel::Writer::Biff8
+        include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals
+        include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals::Biff8
+
+        attr_reader :worksheet
+        def initialize workbook, worksheet
+          @workbook = workbook
+          @worksheet = worksheet
+          @io = StringIO.new "".dup
+          @biff_version = 0x0600
+          @bof = 0x0809
+          @build_id = 3515
+          @build_year = 1996
+          @bof_types = {
+            globals: 0x0005,
+            visual_basic: 0x0006,
+            worksheet: 0x0010,
+            chart: 0x0020,
+            macro_sheet: 0x0040,
+            workspace: 0x0100
+          }
         end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def write_defaultrowheight
-    data = [
-      0x00, # Option flags:
+
+        ##
+        # The number of bytes needed to write a Boundsheet record for this Worksheet
+        # Used by Writer::Worksheet to calculate various offsets.
+        def boundsheet_size
+          name.size + 10
+        end
+
+        def data
+          @io.rewind
+          @io.read
+        end
+
+        def encode_date date
+          return date if date.is_a? Numeric
+          if date.is_a? Time
+            date = DateTime.new date.year, date.month, date.day,
+              date.hour, date.min, date.sec
+          end
+          base = @workbook.date_base
+          value = date - base
+          if base < LEAP_ERROR
+            value += 1
+          end
+          value
+        end
+
+        def encode_rk value
+          #  Bit  Mask        Contents
+          #    0  0x00000001  0 = Value not changed 1 = Value is multiplied by 100
+          #    1  0x00000002  0 = Floating-point value 1 = Signed integer value
+          # 31-2  0xFFFFFFFC  Encoded value
+          cent = 0
+          int = 2
+          higher = value * 100
+          if (higher.is_a?(Rational) || higher.is_a?(BigDecimal) || higher.is_a?(Float)) && higher < 0xfffffffc
+            cent = 1
+            value = if higher == higher.to_i
+              higher.to_i
+            else
+              higher
+            end
+          end
+          if value.is_a?(Integer)
+            ## although not documented as signed, 'V' appears to correctly pack
+            #  negative numbers.
+            value <<= 2
+          else
+            # FIXME: precision of small numbers
+            int = 0
+            value, = [value].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack("x4V")
+            value &= 0xfffffffc
+          end
+          value | cent | int
+        end
+
+        def name
+          unicode_string @worksheet.name
+        end
+
+        def need_number? cell
+          if cell.is_a?(Numeric) && cell.abs > 0x1fffffff
+            true
+          elsif cell.is_a?(Rational) || ((cell.is_a?(BigDecimal) || cell.is_a?(Float)) && !cell.nan?)
+            higher = cell * 100
+            if higher == higher.to_i
+              need_number? higher.to_i
+            else
+              test1, test2 = [cell * 100].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack("V2")
+              test1 > 0 || need_number?(test2)
+            end
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+
+        def row_blocks
+          # All cells in an Excel document are divided into blocks of 32 consecutive
+          # rows, called Row Blocks. The first Row Block starts with the first used
+          # row in that sheet. Inside each Row Block there will occur ROW records
+          # describing the properties of the rows, and cell records with all the cell
+          # contents in this Row Block.
+          blocks = []
+          @worksheet.reject { |row| row.empty? }.each_with_index do |row, idx|
+            blocks << [] if idx % 32 == 0
+            blocks.last << row
+          end
+          blocks
+        end
+
+        def size
+          @io.size
+        end
+
+        def strings
+          @worksheet.each_with_object(Hash.new(0)) do |row, memo|
+            row.each do |cell|
+              memo[cell] += 1 if cell.is_a?(String) && !cell.empty?
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write a blank cell
+        def write_blank row, idx
+          write_cell :blank, row, idx
+        end
+
+        def write_bof
+          data = [
+            @biff_version, # BIFF version (always 0x0600 for BIFF8)
+            0x0010,        # Type of the following data:
+            # 0x0005 = Workbook globals
+            # 0x0006 = Visual Basic module
+            # 0x0010 = Worksheet
+            # 0x0020 = Chart
+            # 0x0040 = Macro sheet
+            # 0x0100 = Workspace file
+            @build_id,     # Build identifier
+            @build_year,   # Build year
+            0x000,         # File history flags
+            0x006         # Lowest Excel version that can read
+            # all records in this file
+          ]
+          write_op @bof, data.pack("v4V2")
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write a cell with a Boolean || Error value
+        def write_boolerr row, idx
+          value = row[idx]
+          type = 0
+          numval = 0
+          if value.is_a? Error
+            type = 1
+            numval = value.code
+          elsif value
+            numval = 1
+          end
+          data = [
+            numval, # Boolean || error value (type depends on the following byte)
+            type    # 0 = Boolean value; 1 = Error code
+          ]
+          write_cell :boolerr, row, idx, *data
+        end
+
+        def write_calccount
+          count = 100 # Maximum number of iterations allowed in circular references
+          write_op 0x000c, [count].pack("v")
+        end
+
+        def write_cell type, row, idx, *args
+          xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
+          data = [
+            row.idx, # Index to row
+            idx,     # Index to column
+            xf_idx  # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+          ].concat args
+          write_op opcode(type), data.pack(binfmt(type))
+        end
+
+        def write_cellblocks row
+          # BLANK ➜ 6.7
+          # BOOLERR ➜ 6.10
+          # INTEGER ➜ 6.56 (BIFF2 only)
+          # LABEL ➜ 6.59 (BIFF2-BIFF7)
+          # LABELSST ➜ 6.61 (BIFF8 only)
+          # MULBLANK ➜ 6.64 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+          # MULRK ➜ 6.65 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+          # NUMBER ➜ 6.68
+          # RK ➜ 6.82 (BIFF3-BIFF8)
+          # RSTRING ➜ 6.84 (BIFF5/BIFF7)
+          multiples, first_idx = nil
+          row = row.formatted
+          row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
+            cell = nil if cell == ""
+            ## it appears that there are limitations to RK precision, both for
+            #  Integers and Floats, that lie well below 2^30 significant bits, or
+            #  Ruby's Bignum threshold. In that case we'll just write a Number
+            #  record
+            need_number = need_number? cell
+            if multiples && (!multiples.last.is_a?(cell.class) || need_number)
+              write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples
+              multiples, first_idx = nil
+            end
+            nxt = idx + 1
+            case cell
+            when NilClass
+              if multiples
+                multiples.push cell
+              elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].nil?
+                multiples = [cell]
+                first_idx = idx
+              else
+                write_blank row, idx
+              end
+            when TrueClass, FalseClass, Error
+              write_boolerr row, idx
+            when String
+              write_labelsst row, idx
+            when Numeric
+              ## RK encodes Floats with 30 significant bits, which is a bit more than
+              #  10^9. Not sure what is a good rule of thumb here, but it seems that
+              #  Decimal Numbers with more than 4 significant digits are not represented
+              #  with sufficient precision by RK
+              if need_number
+                write_number row, idx
+              elsif multiples
+                multiples.push cell
+              elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].is_a?(Numeric)
+                multiples = [cell]
+                first_idx = idx
+              else
+                write_rk row, idx
+              end
+            when Formula
+              write_formula row, idx
+            when Date, Time
+              write_number row, idx
+            end
+          end
+          write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples if multiples
+        end
+
+        def write_colinfo bunch
+          col = bunch.first
+          width = col.width.to_f * 256
+          xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, col.default_format
+          opts = 0
+          opts |= 0x0001 if col.hidden?
+          opts |= col.outline_level.to_i << 8
+          opts |= 0x1000 if col.collapsed?
+          data = [
+            col.idx,        # Index to first column in the range
+            bunch.last.idx, # Index to last column in the range
+            width.to_i,     # Width of the columns in 1/256 of the width of the zero
+            # character, using default font (first FONT record in the
+            # file)
+            xf_idx.to_i,    # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115) for default column formatting
+            opts           # Option flags:
+            # Bits  Mask    Contents
+            #    0  0x0001  1 = Columns are hidden
+            # 10-8  0x0700  Outline level of the columns
+            #               (0 = no outline)
+            #   12  0x1000  1 = Columns are collapsed
+          ]
+          write_op opcode(:colinfo), data.pack(binfmt(:colinfo))
+        end
+
+        def write_colinfos
+          cols = @worksheet.columns
+          bunch = []
+          cols.each_with_index do |column, idx|
+            if column
+              bunch << column
+              if cols[idx.next] != column
+                write_colinfo bunch
+                bunch.clear
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_defaultrowheight
+          data = [
+            0x00, # Option flags:
             # Bit  Mask  Contents
             #   0  0x01  1 = Row height and default font height do not match
             #   1  0x02  1 = Row is hidden
             #   2  0x04  1 = Additional space above the row
             #   3  0x08  1 = Additional space below the row
-      0xf2, #   Default height for unused rows, in twips = 1/20 of a point
-    ]
-    write_op 0x0225, data.pack('v2')
-  end
-  def write_defcolwidth
-    # Offset  Size  Contents
-    #      0     2  Column width in characters, using the width of the zero
-    #               character from default font (first FONT record in the
-    #               file). Excel adds some extra space to the default width,
-    #               depending on the default font and default font size. The
-    #               algorithm how to exactly calculate the resulting column
-    #               width is not known.
-    #
-    #               Example: The default width of 8 set in this record results
-    #               in a column width of 8.43 using Arial font with a size of
-    #               10 points.
-    write_op 0x0055, [8].pack('v')
-  end
-  def write_dimensions
-    # Offset  Size  Contents
-    #      0     4  Index to first used row
-    #      4     4  Index to last used row, increased by 1
-    #      8     2  Index to first used column
-    #     10     2  Index to last used column, increased by 1
-    #     12     2  Not used
-    write_op 0x0200, @worksheet.dimensions.pack(binfmt(:dimensions))
-  end
-  def write_eof
-    write_op 0x000a
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a cell with a Formula. May write an additional String record depending
-  # on the stored result of the Formula.
-  def write_formula row, idx
-    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
-    cell = row[idx]
-    data1 = [
-      row.idx,      # Index to row
-      idx,          # Index to column
-      xf_idx,       # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
-    ].pack 'v3'
-    data2 = nil
-    case value = cell.value
-    when Numeric    # IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
-      data2 = [value].pack EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE
-    when String
-      data2 = [
-        0x00,       # (identifier for a string value)
-        0xffff,     #
-      ].pack 'Cx5v'
-    when true, false
-      value = value ? 1 : 0
-      data2 = [
-        0x01,     # (identifier for a Boolean value)
-        value,    # 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE
-        0xffff,   #
-      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
-    when Error
-      data2 = [
-        0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
-        value.code, # Error code
-        0xffff,     #
-      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
-    when nil
-      data2 = [
-        0x03,       # (identifier for an empty cell)
-        0xffff,     #
-      ].pack 'Cx5v'
-    else
-      data2 = [
-        0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
-        0x2a,       # Error code: #N/A! Argument or function not available
-        0xffff,     #
-      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
-    end
-    opts = 0x03
-    opts |= 0x08 if cell.shared
-    data3 = [
-      opts        # Option flags:
-                  # Bit  Mask    Contents
-                  #   0  0x0001  1 = Recalculate always
-                  #   1  0x0002  1 = Calculate on open
-                  #   3  0x0008  1 = Part of a shared formula
-    ].pack 'vx4'
-    write_op opcode(:formula), data1, data2, data3, cell.data
-    if cell.value.is_a?(String)
-      write_op opcode(:string), unicode_string(cell.value, 2)
-    end
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a new Worksheet.
-  def write_from_scratch
-    # ●  BOF Type = worksheet (➜ 5.8)
-    write_bof
-    # ○  UNCALCED ➜ 5.105
-    # ○  INDEX ➜ 4.7 (Row Blocks), ➜ 5.59
-    # ○  Calculation Settings Block ➜ 4.3
-    write_calccount
-    write_refmode
-    write_iteration
-    write_saverecalc
-    # ○  PRINTHEADERS ➜ 5.81
-    # ○  PRINTGRIDLINES ➜ 5.80
-    # ○  GRIDSET ➜ 5.52
-    # ○  GUTS ➜ 5.53
-    write_guts
-    # ○  DEFAULTROWHEIGHT ➜ 5.31
-    write_defaultrowheight
-    # ○  WSBOOL ➜ 5.113
-    write_wsbool
-    # ○  Page Settings Block ➜ 4.4
-    # ○  Worksheet Protection Block ➜ 4.18
-    write_proctection
-    # ○  DEFCOLWIDTH ➜ 5.32
-    write_defcolwidth
-    # ○○ COLINFO ➜ 5.18
-    write_colinfos
-    # ○  SORT ➜ 5.99
-    # ●  DIMENSIONS ➜ 5.35
-    write_dimensions
-    # ○○ Row Blocks ➜ 4.7
-    write_rows
-    # ●  Worksheet View Settings Block ➜ 4.5
-    # ●  WINDOW2 ➜ 5.110
-    write_window2
-    # ○  SCL ➜ 5.92 (BIFF4-BIFF8 only)
-    # ○  PANE ➜ 5.75
-    # ○○ SELECTION ➜ 5.93
-    # ○  STANDARDWIDTH ➜ 5.101
-    # ○○ MERGEDCELLS ➜ 5.67
-    write_merged_cells
-    # ○  LABELRANGES ➜ 5.64
-    # ○  PHONETIC ➜ 5.77
-    # ○  Conditional Formatting Table ➜ 4.12
-    # ○  Hyperlink Table ➜ 4.13
-    write_pagesetup
-    write_margins
-    write_hyperlink_table
-    # ○  Data Validity Table ➜ 4.14
-    # ○  SHEETLAYOUT ➜ 5.96 (BIFF8X only)
-    # ○  SHEETPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.98 (BIFF8X only)
-    # ○  RANGEPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.84 (BIFF8X only)
-    # ●  EOF ➜ 5.36
-    write_eof
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write record that contains information about the layout of outline symbols.
-  def write_guts
-    # find the maximum outline_level in rows and columns
-    row_outline_level = 0
-    col_outline_level = 0
-    if(row = @worksheet.rows.select{|x| x!=nil}.max{|a,b| a.outline_level <=> b.outline_level})
-      row_outline_level = row.outline_level
-    end
-    if(col = @worksheet.columns.select{|x| x!=nil}.max{|a,b| a.outline_level <=> b.outline_level})
-      col_outline_level = col.outline_level
-    end
-    # set data
-    data = [
-      0,  # Width of the area to display row outlines (left of the sheet), in pixel
-      0,  # Height of the area to display column outlines (above the sheet), in pixel
-      row_outline_level+1, # Number of visible row outline levels (used row levels+1; or 0,if not used)
-      col_outline_level+1  # Number of visible column outline levels (used column levels+1; or 0,if not used)
-    ]
-    # write record
-    write_op opcode(:guts), data.pack('v4')
-  end
-  def write_hlink row, col, link
-    # FIXME: only Hyperlinks are supported at present.
-    cell_range = [
-      row, row, # Cell range address of all cells containing this hyperlink
-      col, col, # (➜ 3.13.1)
-    ].pack 'v4'
-    guid = [
-      # GUID of StdLink:
-      # D0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
-      # (79EAC9D0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
-      "d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b",
-    ].pack 'H32'
-    opts  = 0x01
-    opts |= 0x02
-    opts |= 0x14 unless link == link.url
-    opts |= 0x08 if link.fragment
-    opts |= 0x80 if link.target_frame
-    # TODO: UNC support
-    options = [
-      2,        # Unknown value: 0x00000002
-      opts,     # Option flags
-                #     Bit  Mask        Contents
-                #       0  0x00000001  0 = No link extant
-                #                      1 = File link or URL
-                #       1  0x00000002  0 = Relative file path
-                #                      1 = Absolute path or URL
-                # 2 and 4  0x00000014  0 = No description
-                #                      1 (both bits) = Description
-                #       3  0x00000008  0 = No text mark
-                #                      1 = Text mark
-                #       7  0x00000080  0 = No target frame
-                #                      1 = Target frame
-                #       8  0x00000100  0 = File link or URL
-                #                      1 = UNC path (incl. server name)
-
-    ].pack('V2')
-    tail = []
-    ## call internal to get the correct internal encoding in Ruby 1.9
-    nullstr = internal "\000"
-    unless link == link.url
-      desc = internal(link).dup << nullstr
-      tail.push [desc.size / 2].pack('V'), desc
-    end
-    if link.target_frame
-      frme = internal(link.target_frame).dup << nullstr
-      tail.push [frme.size / 2].pack('V'), frme
-    end
-    url = internal(link.url).dup << nullstr
-    tail.push [
-      # 6.53.2 Hyperlink containing a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
-      # These data fields occur for links which are not local files or files
-      # in the local network (for instance HTTP and FTP links and e-mail
-      # addresses). The lower 9 bits of the option flags field must be
-      # 0.x00x.xx112 (x means optional, depending on hyperlink content). The
-      # GUID could be used to distinguish a URL from a file link.
-      # GUID of URL Moniker:
-      # E0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
-      # (79EAC9E0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
-      'e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b',
-      url.size  # Size of character array of the URL, including trailing zero
-                # word (us). There are us/2-1 characters in the following
-                # string.
-    ].pack('H32V'), url
-    if link.fragment
-      frag = internal(link.fragment).dup << nullstr
-      tail.push [frag.size / 2].pack('V'), frag
-    end
-    write_op opcode(:hlink), cell_range, guid, options, *tail
-  end
-  def write_hyperlink_table
-    # TODO: theoretically it's possible to write fewer records by combining
-    #       identical neighboring links in cell-ranges
-    @worksheet.each do |row|
-      row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
-        if cell.is_a? Link
-          write_hlink row.idx, idx, cell
+            0xf2 #   Default height for unused rows, in twips = 1/20 of a point
+          ]
+          write_op 0x0225, data.pack("v2")
         end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def write_iteration
-    its = 0 # 0 = Iterations off; 1 = Iterations on
-    write_op 0x0011, [its].pack('v')
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a cell with a String value. The String must have been stored in the
-  # Shared String Table.
-  def write_labelsst row, idx
-    write_cell :labelsst, row, idx, @workbook.sst_index(self, row[idx])
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write multiple consecutive blank cells.
-  def write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
-    data = [
-      row.idx, # Index to row
-      idx, # Index to first column (fc)
-    ]
-    # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
-    multiples.each_with_index do |blank, cell_idx|
-      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
-      data.push xf_idx
-    end
-    # Index to last column (lc)
-    data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
-    write_op opcode(:mulblank), data.pack('v*')
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write multiple consecutive cells with RK values (see #write_rk)
-  def write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
-    fmt = ['v2']
-    data = [
-      row.idx, # Index to row
-      idx, # Index to first column (fc)
-    ]
-    # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
-    multiples.each_with_index do |cell, cell_idx|
-      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
-      data.push xf_idx, encode_rk(cell)
-      fmt << 'vV'
-    end
-    # Index to last column (lc)
-    data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
-    write_op opcode(:mulrk), data.pack((fmt << 'v').join)
-  end
-  def write_multiples row, idx, multiples
-    case multiples.last
-    when NilClass
-      write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
-    when Numeric
-      if multiples.size > 1
-        write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
-      else
-        write_rk row, idx
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a cell with a 64-bit double precision Float value
-  def write_number row, idx
-    # Offset Size Contents
-    # 0 2 Index to row
-    # 2 2 Index to column
-    # 4 2 Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
-    # 6 8 IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
-    value = row[idx]
-    case value
-    when Date, Time
-      value = encode_date(value)
-    end
-    write_cell :number, row, idx, value
-  end
-  def write_op op, *args
-    data = args.join
-    @io.write [op,data.size].pack("v2")
-    @io.write data
-  end
-  def write_refmode
-    # • The “RC” mode uses numeric indexes for rows and columns, for example
-    #   “R(1)C(-1)”, or “R1C1:R2C2”.
-    # • The “A1” mode uses characters for columns and numbers for rows, for
-    #   example “B1”, or “$A$1:$B$2”.
-    mode = 1 # 0 = RC mode; 1 = A1 mode
-    write_op 0x000f, [mode].pack('v')
-  end
-  ##
-  # Write a cell with a Numeric or Date value.
-  def write_rk row, idx
-    write_cell :rk, row, idx, encode_rk(row[idx])
-  end
-  def write_row row
-    # Offset  Size  Contents
-    #      0     2  Index of this row
-    #      2     2  Index to column of the first cell which
-    #               is described by a cell record
-    #      4     2  Index to column of the last cell which is
-    #               described by a cell record, increased by 1
-    #      6     2  Bit   Mask    Contents
-    #               14-0  0x7fff  Height of the row, in twips = 1/20 of a point
-    #                 15  0x8000  0 = Row has custom height;
-    #                             1 = Row has default height
-    #      8     2  Not used
-    #     10     2  In BIFF3-BIFF4 this field contains a relative offset to
-    #               calculate stream position of the first cell record for this
-    #               row (➜ 5.7.1). In BIFF5-BIFF8 this field is not used
-    #               anymore, but the DBCELL record (➜ 6.26) instead.
-    #     12     4  Option flags and default row formatting:
-    #                  Bit  Mask        Contents
-    #                  2-0  0x00000007  Outline level of the row
-    #                    4  0x00000010  1 = Outline group starts or ends here
-    #                                       (depending on where the outline
-    #                                       buttons are located, see WSBOOL
-    #                                       record, ➜ 6.113), and is collapsed
-    #                    5  0x00000020  1 = Row is hidden (manually, or by a
-    #                                       filter or outline group)
-    #                    6  0x00000040  1 = Row height and default font height
-    #                                       do not match
-    #                    7  0x00000080  1 = Row has explicit default format (fl)
-    #                    8  0x00000100  Always 1
-    #                27-16  0x0fff0000  If fl = 1: Index to default XF record
-    #                                              (➜ 6.115)
-    #                   28  0x10000000  1 = Additional space above the row.
-    #                                       This flag is set, if the upper
-    #                                       border of at least one cell in this
-    #                                       row or if the lower border of at
-    #                                       least one cell in the row above is
-    #                                       formatted with a thick line style.
-    #                                       Thin and medium line styles are not
-    #                                       taken into account.
-    #                   29  0x20000000  1 = Additional space below the row.
-    #                                       This flag is set, if the lower
-    #                                       border of at least one cell in this
-    #                                       row or if the upper border of at
-    #                                       least one cell in the row below is
-    #                                       formatted with a medium or thick
-    #                                       line style. Thin line styles are
-    #                                       not taken into account.
-    height = row.height || ROW_HEIGHT
-    opts = row.outline_level & 0x00000007
-    opts |= 0x00000010 if row.collapsed?
-    opts |= 0x00000020 if row.hidden?
-    opts |= 0x00000040 if height != ROW_HEIGHT
-    if fmt = row.default_format
-      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, fmt
-      opts |= 0x00000080
-      opts |= xf_idx << 16
-    end
-    opts |= 0x00000100
-    height = if height == ROW_HEIGHT
-               (height * TWIPS).to_i | 0x8000
-             else
-               height * TWIPS
-             end
-
-    attrs = [
-      row.idx,
-      row.first_used,
-      row.first_unused,
-      height,
-      opts]
-
-    return if attrs.any?(&:nil?)
-
-    # TODO: Row spacing
-    data = attrs.pack binfmt(:row)
-    write_op opcode(:row), data
-  end
-  def write_rowblock block
-    # ●● ROW Properties of the used rows
-    # ○○ Cell Block(s) Cell records for all used cells
-    # ○  DBCELL Stream offsets to the cell records of each row
-    block.each do |row|
-      write_row row
-    end
-    block.each do |row|
-      write_cellblocks row
-    end
-  end
-  def write_rows
-    row_blocks.each do |block|
-      write_rowblock block
-    end
-  end
-  def write_saverecalc
-    # 0 = Do not recalculate; 1 = Recalculate before saving the document
-    write_op 0x005f, [1].pack('v')
-  end
-  def write_window2
-    # This record contains additional settings for the document window
-    # (BIFF2-BIFF4) or for the window of a specific worksheet (BIFF5-BIFF8).
-    # It is part of the Sheet View Settings Block (➜ 4.5).
-    # Offset  Size  Contents
-    #      0     2  Option flags:
-    #               Bits  Mask    Contents
-    #                  0  0x0001  0 = Show formula results
-    #                             1 = Show formulas
-    #                  1  0x0002  0 = Do not show grid lines
-    #                             1 = Show grid lines
-    #                  2  0x0004  0 = Do not show sheet headers
-    #                             1 = Show sheet headers
-    #                  3  0x0008  0 = Panes are not frozen
-    #                             1 = Panes are frozen (freeze)
-    #                  4  0x0010  0 = Show zero values as empty cells
-    #                             1 = Show zero values
-    #                  5  0x0020  0 = Manual grid line colour
-    #                             1 = Automatic grid line colour
-    #                  6  0x0040  0 = Columns from left to right
-    #                             1 = Columns from right to left
-    #                  7  0x0080  0 = Do not show outline symbols
-    #                             1 = Show outline symbols
-    #                  8  0x0100  0 = Keep splits if pane freeze is removed
-    #                             1 = Remove splits if pane freeze is removed
-    #                  9  0x0200  0 = Sheet not selected
-    #                             1 = Sheet selected (BIFF5-BIFF8)
-    #                 10  0x0400  0 = Sheet not active
-    #                             1 = Sheet active (BIFF5-BIFF8)
-    #                 11  0x0800  0 = Show in normal view
-    #                             1 = Show in page break preview (BIFF8)
-    #      2     2  Index to first visible row
-    #      4     2  Index to first visible column
-    #      6     2  Colour index of grid line colour (➜ 5.74).
-    #               Note that in BIFF2-BIFF5 an RGB colour is written instead.
-    #      8     2  Not used
-    #     10     2  Cached magnification factor in page break preview (in percent)
-    #               0 = Default (60%)
-    #     12     2  Cached magnification factor in normal view (in percent)
-    #               0 = Default (100%)
-    #     14     4  Not used
-    flags = 0x0536  # Show grid lines, sheet headers, zero values. Automatic
-                    # grid line colour, Remove slits if pane freeze is removed,
-                    # Sheet is active.
-    if @worksheet.selected
-      flags |= 0x0200
-    end
-    flags |= 0x0080 # Show outline symbols,
-                    # but if [Row|Column]#outline_level = 0 the symbols are not shown.
-    
-    if @worksheet.has_frozen_panel?
-      # See:
-      # OpenOffice.org's Documentation of the Microsoft Excel File FormatExcel 
-      # Versions 2, 3, 4, 5, 95, 97, 2000, XP, 2003
-      # https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf
-      # section 5.110.2
-      flags |= 0x0008 #Panes are frozen (freeze)
-    end
-    data = [ flags, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ].pack binfmt(:window2)
-        
-    write_op opcode(:window2), data
-    if @worksheet.has_frozen_panel?
-      # See:
-      # OpenOffice.org's Documentation of the Microsoft Excel File FormatExcel 
-      # Versions 2, 3, 4, 5, 95, 97, 2000, XP, 2003
-      # https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf
-      # section 5.75
-      pane_data = [@worksheet.froze_left, @worksheet.froze_top, @worksheet.froze_top, @worksheet.froze_left, 3].pack binfmt(:colinfo)
-      write_op opcode(:pane), pane_data
-    end
-    
-  end
 
-  def write_merged_cells
-    return unless @worksheet.merged_cells.any?
-    # FIXME standards say the record is limited by 1027 records at once
-    # And no CONTINUE is supported
+        def write_defcolwidth
+          # Offset  Size  Contents
+          #      0     2  Column width in characters, using the width of the zero
+          #               character from default font (first FONT record in the
+          #               file). Excel adds some extra space to the default width,
+          #               depending on the default font and default font size. The
+          #               algorithm how to exactly calculate the resulting column
+          #               width is not known.
+          #
+          #               Example: The default width of 8 set in this record results
+          #               in a column width of 8.43 using Arial font with a size of
+          #               10 points.
+          write_op 0x0055, [8].pack("v")
+        end
 
-    merge_cells = @worksheet.merged_cells.dup
-    while (window = merge_cells.slice!(0...1027)).any?
-      count = window.size
-      data = ([count] + window.flatten).pack('v2v*')
-      write_op opcode(:mergedcells), data
-    end
-  end
+        def write_dimensions
+          # Offset  Size  Contents
+          #      0     4  Index to first used row
+          #      4     4  Index to last used row, increased by 1
+          #      8     2  Index to first used column
+          #     10     2  Index to last used column, increased by 1
+          #     12     2  Not used
+          write_op 0x0200, @worksheet.dimensions.pack(binfmt(:dimensions))
+        end
 
-  def write_pagesetup
-    return unless @worksheet.pagesetup
-    data = @worksheet.pagesetup[:orig_data].dup
-    if @worksheet.pagesetup[:orientation]
-      data[5] = @worksheet.pagesetup[:orientation] == :landscape ? 0 : 2
-    end
+        def write_eof
+          write_op 0x000a
+        end
 
-    if @worksheet.pagesetup[:adjust_to]
-      data[1] = @worksheet.pagesetup[:adjust_to]
-    end
+        ##
+        # Write a cell with a Formula. May write an additional String record depending
+        # on the stored result of the Formula.
+        def write_formula row, idx
+          xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
+          cell = row[idx]
+          data1 = [
+            row.idx,      # Index to row
+            idx,          # Index to column
+            xf_idx       # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+          ].pack "v3"
+          data2 = nil
+          case value = cell.value
+          when Numeric    # IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
+            data2 = [value].pack EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE
+          when String
+            data2 = [
+              0x00,       # (identifier for a string value)
+              0xffff
+            ].pack "Cx5v"
+          when true, false
+            value = value ? 1 : 0
+            data2 = [
+              0x01,     # (identifier for a Boolean value)
+              value,    # 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE
+              0xffff
+            ].pack "CxCx3v"
+          when Error
+            data2 = [
+              0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
+              value.code, # Error code
+              0xffff
+            ].pack "CxCx3v"
+          when nil
+            data2 = [
+              0x03,       # (identifier for an empty cell)
+              0xffff
+            ].pack "Cx5v"
+          else
+            data2 = [
+              0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
+              0x2a,       # Error code: #N/A! Argument || function not available
+              0xffff
+            ].pack "CxCx3v"
+          end
+          opts = 0x03
+          opts |= 0x08 if cell.shared
+          data3 = [
+            opts        # Option flags:
+            # Bit  Mask    Contents
+            #   0  0x0001  1 = Recalculate always
+            #   1  0x0002  1 = Calculate on open
+            #   3  0x0008  1 = Part of a shared formula
+          ].pack "vx4"
+          write_op opcode(:formula), data1, data2, data3, cell.data
+          if cell.value.is_a?(String)
+            write_op opcode(:string), unicode_string(cell.value, 2)
+          end
+        end
 
-    write_op opcode(:pagesetup), data.pack(binfmt(:pagesetup))
-  end
+        ##
+        # Write a new Worksheet.
+        def write_from_scratch
+          # ●  BOF Type = worksheet (➜ 5.8)
+          write_bof
+          # ○  UNCALCED ➜ 5.105
+          # ○  INDEX ➜ 4.7 (Row Blocks), ➜ 5.59
+          # ○  Calculation Settings Block ➜ 4.3
+          write_calccount
+          write_refmode
+          write_iteration
+          write_saverecalc
+          # ○  PRINTHEADERS ➜ 5.81
+          # ○  PRINTGRIDLINES ➜ 5.80
+          # ○  GRIDSET ➜ 5.52
+          # ○  GUTS ➜ 5.53
+          write_guts
+          # ○  DEFAULTROWHEIGHT ➜ 5.31
+          write_defaultrowheight
+          # ○  WSBOOL ➜ 5.113
+          write_wsbool
+          # ○  Page Settings Block ➜ 4.4
+          # ○  Worksheet Protection Block ➜ 4.18
+          write_proctection
+          # ○  DEFCOLWIDTH ➜ 5.32
+          write_defcolwidth
+          # ○○ COLINFO ➜ 5.18
+          write_colinfos
+          # ○  SORT ➜ 5.99
+          # ●  DIMENSIONS ➜ 5.35
+          write_dimensions
+          # ○○ Row Blocks ➜ 4.7
+          write_rows
+          # ●  Worksheet View Settings Block ➜ 4.5
+          # ●  WINDOW2 ➜ 5.110
+          write_window2
+          # ○  SCL ➜ 5.92 (BIFF4-BIFF8 only)
+          # ○  PANE ➜ 5.75
+          # ○○ SELECTION ➜ 5.93
+          # ○  STANDARDWIDTH ➜ 5.101
+          # ○○ MERGEDCELLS ➜ 5.67
+          write_merged_cells
+          # ○  LABELRANGES ➜ 5.64
+          # ○  PHONETIC ➜ 5.77
+          # ○  Conditional Formatting Table ➜ 4.12
+          # ○  Hyperlink Table ➜ 4.13
+          write_pagesetup
+          write_margins
+          write_hyperlink_table
+          # ○  Data Validity Table ➜ 4.14
+          # ○  SHEETLAYOUT ➜ 5.96 (BIFF8X only)
+          # ○  SHEETPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.98 (BIFF8X only)
+          # ○  RANGEPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.84 (BIFF8X only)
+          # ●  EOF ➜ 5.36
+          write_eof
+        end
 
-  def write_margins
-    @worksheet.margins.each do |key, value|
-      next unless [:left, :top, :right, :bottom].include?(key)
-      write_op opcode(:"#{key}margin"), [value].pack(binfmt(:margin))
-    end
-  end
+        ##
+        # Write record that contains information about the layout of outline symbols.
+        def write_guts
+          # find the maximum outline_level in rows and columns
+          row_outline_level = 0
+          col_outline_level = 0
+          if (row = @worksheet.rows.select { |x| !x.nil? }.max_by(&:outline_level))
+            row_outline_level = row.outline_level
+          end
+          if (col = @worksheet.columns.select { |x| !x.nil? }.max_by(&:outline_level))
+            col_outline_level = col.outline_level
+          end
+          # set data
+          data = [
+            0,  # Width of the area to display row outlines (left of the sheet), in pixel
+            0,  # Height of the area to display column outlines (above the sheet), in pixel
+            row_outline_level + 1, # Number of visible row outline levels (used row levels+1; || 0,if not used)
+            col_outline_level + 1  # Number of visible column outline levels (used column levels+1; || 0,if not used)
+          ]
+          # write record
+          write_op opcode(:guts), data.pack("v4")
+        end
 
-  def write_proctection
-    return unless @worksheet.protected?
-    # ○ PROTECT Worksheet contents: 1 = protected (➜ 5.82)
-    write_op opcode(:protect), [1].pack('v')
-    # ○ OBJECTPROTECT Embedded objects: 1 = protected (➜ 5.72)
-    # ○ SCENPROTECT Scenarios: 1 = protected (➜ 5.91)
-    # ○ PASSWORD Hash value of the password; 0 = no password (➜ 5.76)
-    write_op opcode(:password), [@worksheet.password_hash].pack('v')
-  end
+        def write_hlink row, col, link
+          # FIXME: only Hyperlinks are supported at present.
+          cell_range = [
+            row, row, # Cell range address of all cells containing this hyperlink
+            col, col # (➜ 3.13.1)
+          ].pack "v4"
+          guid = [
+            # GUID of StdLink:
+            # D0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
+            # (79EAC9D0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
+            "d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b"
+          ].pack "H32"
+          opts = 0x01
+          opts |= 0x02
+          opts |= 0x14 unless link == link.url
+          opts |= 0x08 if link.fragment
+          opts |= 0x80 if link.target_frame
+          # TODO: UNC support
+          options = [
+            2,        # Unknown value: 0x00000002
+            opts     # Option flags
+            #     Bit  Mask        Contents
+            #       0  0x00000001  0 = No link extant
+            #                      1 = File link || URL
+            #       1  0x00000002  0 = Relative file path
+            #                      1 = Absolute path || URL
+            # 2 and 4  0x00000014  0 = No description
+            #                      1 (both bits) = Description
+            #       3  0x00000008  0 = No text mark
+            #                      1 = Text mark
+            #       7  0x00000080  0 = No target frame
+            #                      1 = Target frame
+            #       8  0x00000100  0 = File link || URL
+            #                      1 = UNC path (incl. server name)
+          ].pack("V2")
+          tail = []
+          ## call internal to get the correct internal encoding in Ruby 1.9
+          nullstr = internal "\000"
+          unless link == link.url
+            desc = internal(link).dup << nullstr
+            tail.push [desc.size / 2].pack("V"), desc
+          end
+          if link.target_frame
+            frme = internal(link.target_frame).dup << nullstr
+            tail.push [frme.size / 2].pack("V"), frme
+          end
+          url = internal(link.url).dup << nullstr
+          tail.push [
+            # 6.53.2 Hyperlink containing a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
+            # These data fields occur for links which are not local files || files
+            # in the local network (for instance HTTP and FTP links and e-mail
+            # addresses). The lower 9 bits of the option flags field must be
+            # 0.x00x.xx112 (x means optional, depending on hyperlink content). The
+            # GUID could be used to distinguish a URL from a file link.
+            # GUID of URL Moniker:
+            # E0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
+            # (79EAC9E0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
+            "e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b",
+            url.size  # Size of character array of the URL, including trailing zero
+            # word (us). There are us/2-1 characters in the following
+            # string.
+          ].pack("H32V"), url
+          if link.fragment
+            frag = internal(link.fragment).dup << nullstr
+            tail.push [frag.size / 2].pack("V"), frag
+          end
+          write_op opcode(:hlink), cell_range, guid, options, *tail
+        end
 
-  def write_wsbool
-    bits = [
-         #   Bit  Mask    Contents
-      1, #     0  0x0001  0 = Do not show automatic page breaks
-         #                1 = Show automatic page breaks
-      0, #     4  0x0010  0 = Standard sheet
-         #                1 = Dialogue sheet (BIFF5-BIFF8)
-      0, #     5  0x0020  0 = No automatic styles in outlines
-         #                1 = Apply automatic styles to outlines
-      1, #     6  0x0040  0 = Outline buttons above outline group
-         #                1 = Outline buttons below outline group
-      1, #     7  0x0080  0 = Outline buttons left of outline group
-         #                1 = Outline buttons right of outline group
-      0, #     8  0x0100  0 = Scale printout in percent (➜ 6.89)
-         #                1 = Fit printout to number of pages (➜ 6.89)
-      0, #     9  0x0200  0 = Save external linked values
-         #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
-         #                1 = Do not save external linked values
-         #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
-      1, #    10  0x0400  0 = Do not show row outline symbols
-         #                1 = Show row outline symbols
-      0, #    11  0x0800  0 = Do not show column outline symbols
-         #                1 = Show column outline symbols
-      0, # 13-12  0x3000  These flags specify the arrangement of windows.
-         #                They are stored in BIFF4 only.
-         #                00 = Arrange windows tiled
-         #                01 = Arrange windows horizontal
-      0, #                10 = Arrange windows vertical
-         #                11 = Arrange windows cascaded
-         # The following flags are valid for BIFF4-BIFF8 only:
-      0, #    14  0x4000  0 = Standard expression evaluation
-         #                1 = Alternative expression evaluation
-      0, #    15  0x8000  0 = Standard formula entries
-         #                1 = Alternative formula entries
-    ]
-    weights = [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
-    value = bits.inject do |a, b| a | (b << weights.shift) end
-    write_op 0x0081, [value].pack('v')
-  end
-end
+        def write_hyperlink_table
+          # TODO: theoretically it's possible to write fewer records by combining
+          #       identical neighboring links in cell-ranges
+          @worksheet.each do |row|
+            row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
+              if cell.is_a? Link
+                write_hlink row.idx, idx, cell
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_iteration
+          its = 0 # 0 = Iterations off; 1 = Iterations on
+          write_op 0x0011, [its].pack("v")
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write a cell with a String value. The String must have been stored in the
+        # Shared String Table.
+        def write_labelsst row, idx
+          write_cell :labelsst, row, idx, @workbook.sst_index(self, row[idx])
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write multiple consecutive blank cells.
+        def write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
+          data = [
+            row.idx, # Index to row
+            idx # Index to first column (fc)
+          ]
+          # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
+          multiples.each_with_index do |blank, cell_idx|
+            xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
+            data.push xf_idx
+          end
+          # Index to last column (lc)
+          data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
+          write_op opcode(:mulblank), data.pack("v*")
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write multiple consecutive cells with RK values (see #write_rk)
+        def write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
+          fmt = ["v2"]
+          data = [
+            row.idx, # Index to row
+            idx # Index to first column (fc)
+          ]
+          # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
+          multiples.each_with_index do |cell, cell_idx|
+            xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
+            data.push xf_idx, encode_rk(cell)
+            fmt << "vV"
+          end
+          # Index to last column (lc)
+          data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
+          write_op opcode(:mulrk), data.pack((fmt << "v").join)
+        end
+
+        def write_multiples row, idx, multiples
+          case multiples.last
+          when NilClass
+            write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
+          when Numeric
+            if multiples.size > 1
+              write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
+            else
+              write_rk row, idx
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write a cell with a 64-bit double precision Float value
+        def write_number row, idx
+          # Offset Size Contents
+          # 0 2 Index to row
+          # 2 2 Index to column
+          # 4 2 Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+          # 6 8 IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
+          value = row[idx]
+          case value
+          when Date, Time
+            value = encode_date(value)
+          end
+          write_cell :number, row, idx, value
+        end
+
+        def write_op op, *args
+          data = args.join
+          @io.write [op, data.size].pack("v2")
+          @io.write data
+        end
+
+        def write_refmode
+          # • The “RC” mode uses numeric indexes for rows and columns, for example
+          #   “R(1)C(-1)”, || “R1C1:R2C2”.
+          # • The “A1” mode uses characters for columns and numbers for rows, for
+          #   example “B1”, || “$A$1:$B$2”.
+          mode = 1 # 0 = RC mode; 1 = A1 mode
+          write_op 0x000f, [mode].pack("v")
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Write a cell with a Numeric || Date value.
+        def write_rk row, idx
+          write_cell :rk, row, idx, encode_rk(row[idx])
+        end
+
+        def write_row row
+          # Offset  Size  Contents
+          #      0     2  Index of this row
+          #      2     2  Index to column of the first cell which
+          #               is described by a cell record
+          #      4     2  Index to column of the last cell which is
+          #               described by a cell record, increased by 1
+          #      6     2  Bit   Mask    Contents
+          #               14-0  0x7fff  Height of the row, in twips = 1/20 of a point
+          #                 15  0x8000  0 = Row has custom height;
+          #                             1 = Row has default height
+          #      8     2  Not used
+          #     10     2  In BIFF3-BIFF4 this field contains a relative offset to
+          #               calculate stream position of the first cell record for this
+          #               row (➜ 5.7.1). In BIFF5-BIFF8 this field is not used
+          #               anymore, but the DBCELL record (➜ 6.26) instead.
+          #     12     4  Option flags and default row formatting:
+          #                  Bit  Mask        Contents
+          #                  2-0  0x00000007  Outline level of the row
+          #                    4  0x00000010  1 = Outline group starts || ends here
+          #                                       (depending on where the outline
+          #                                       buttons are located, see WSBOOL
+          #                                       record, ➜ 6.113), and is collapsed
+          #                    5  0x00000020  1 = Row is hidden (manually, || by a
+          #                                       filter || outline group)
+          #                    6  0x00000040  1 = Row height and default font height
+          #                                       do not match
+          #                    7  0x00000080  1 = Row has explicit default format (fl)
+          #                    8  0x00000100  Always 1
+          #                27-16  0x0fff0000  If fl = 1: Index to default XF record
+          #                                              (➜ 6.115)
+          #                   28  0x10000000  1 = Additional space above the row.
+          #                                       This flag is set, if the upper
+          #                                       border of at least one cell in this
+          #                                       row || if the lower border of at
+          #                                       least one cell in the row above is
+          #                                       formatted with a thick line style.
+          #                                       Thin and medium line styles are not
+          #                                       taken into account.
+          #                   29  0x20000000  1 = Additional space below the row.
+          #                                       This flag is set, if the lower
+          #                                       border of at least one cell in this
+          #                                       row || if the upper border of at
+          #                                       least one cell in the row below is
+          #                                       formatted with a medium || thick
+          #                                       line style. Thin line styles are
+          #                                       not taken into account.
+          height = row.height || ROW_HEIGHT
+          opts = row.outline_level & 0x00000007
+          opts |= 0x00000010 if row.collapsed?
+          opts |= 0x00000020 if row.hidden?
+          opts |= 0x00000040 if height != ROW_HEIGHT
+          if (fmt = row.default_format)
+            xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, fmt
+            opts |= 0x00000080
+            opts |= xf_idx << 16
+          end
+          opts |= 0x00000100
+          height = if height == ROW_HEIGHT
+            (height * TWIPS).to_i | 0x8000
+          else
+            height * TWIPS
+          end
+
+          attrs = [
+            row.idx,
+            row.first_used,
+            row.first_unused,
+            height,
+            opts
+          ]
+
+          return if attrs.any?(&:nil?)
+
+          # TODO: Row spacing
+          data = attrs.pack binfmt(:row)
+          write_op opcode(:row), data
+        end
+
+        def write_rowblock block
+          # ●● ROW Properties of the used rows
+          # ○○ Cell Block(s) Cell records for all used cells
+          # ○  DBCELL Stream offsets to the cell records of each row
+          block.each do |row|
+            write_row row
+          end
+          block.each do |row|
+            write_cellblocks row
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_rows
+          row_blocks.each do |block|
+            write_rowblock block
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_saverecalc
+          # 0 = Do not recalculate; 1 = Recalculate before saving the document
+          write_op 0x005f, [1].pack("v")
+        end
+
+        def write_window2
+          # This record contains additional settings for the document window
+          # (BIFF2-BIFF4) || for the window of a specific worksheet (BIFF5-BIFF8).
+          # It is part of the Sheet View Settings Block (➜ 4.5).
+          # Offset  Size  Contents
+          #      0     2  Option flags:
+          #               Bits  Mask    Contents
+          #                  0  0x0001  0 = Show formula results
+          #                             1 = Show formulas
+          #                  1  0x0002  0 = Do not show grid lines
+          #                             1 = Show grid lines
+          #                  2  0x0004  0 = Do not show sheet headers
+          #                             1 = Show sheet headers
+          #                  3  0x0008  0 = Panes are not frozen
+          #                             1 = Panes are frozen (freeze)
+          #                  4  0x0010  0 = Show zero values as empty cells
+          #                             1 = Show zero values
+          #                  5  0x0020  0 = Manual grid line colour
+          #                             1 = Automatic grid line colour
+          #                  6  0x0040  0 = Columns from left to right
+          #                             1 = Columns from right to left
+          #                  7  0x0080  0 = Do not show outline symbols
+          #                             1 = Show outline symbols
+          #                  8  0x0100  0 = Keep splits if pane freeze is removed
+          #                             1 = Remove splits if pane freeze is removed
+          #                  9  0x0200  0 = Sheet not selected
+          #                             1 = Sheet selected (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+          #                 10  0x0400  0 = Sheet not active
+          #                             1 = Sheet active (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+          #                 11  0x0800  0 = Show in normal view
+          #                             1 = Show in page break preview (BIFF8)
+          #      2     2  Index to first visible row
+          #      4     2  Index to first visible column
+          #      6     2  Colour index of grid line colour (➜ 5.74).
+          #               Note that in BIFF2-BIFF5 an RGB colour is written instead.
+          #      8     2  Not used
+          #     10     2  Cached magnification factor in page break preview (in percent)
+          #               0 = Default (60%)
+          #     12     2  Cached magnification factor in normal view (in percent)
+          #               0 = Default (100%)
+          #     14     4  Not used
+          flags = 0x0536  # Show grid lines, sheet headers, zero values. Automatic
+          # grid line colour, Remove slits if pane freeze is removed,
+          # Sheet is active.
+          if @worksheet.selected
+            flags |= 0x0200
+          end
+          flags |= 0x0080 # Show outline symbols,
+          # but if [Row|Column]#outline_level = 0 the symbols are not shown.
+
+          if @worksheet.has_frozen_panel?
+            # See:
+            # OpenOffice.org's Documentation of the Microsoft Excel File FormatExcel
+            # Versions 2, 3, 4, 5, 95, 97, 2000, XP, 2003
+            # https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf
+            # section 5.110.2
+            flags |= 0x0008 # Panes are frozen (freeze)
+          end
+          data = [flags, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0].pack binfmt(:window2)
+
+          write_op opcode(:window2), data
+          if @worksheet.has_frozen_panel?
+            # See:
+            # OpenOffice.org's Documentation of the Microsoft Excel File FormatExcel
+            # Versions 2, 3, 4, 5, 95, 97, 2000, XP, 2003
+            # https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf
+            # section 5.75
+            pane_data = [@worksheet.froze_left, @worksheet.froze_top, @worksheet.froze_top, @worksheet.froze_left, 3].pack binfmt(:colinfo)
+            write_op opcode(:pane), pane_data
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_merged_cells
+          return unless @worksheet.merged_cells.any?
+          # FIXME standards say the record is limited by 1027 records at once
+          # And no CONTINUE is supported
+
+          merge_cells = @worksheet.merged_cells.dup
+          while (window = merge_cells.slice!(0...1027)).any?
+            count = window.size
+            data = ([count] + window.flatten).pack("v2v*")
+            write_op opcode(:mergedcells), data
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_pagesetup
+          return unless @worksheet.pagesetup
+          data = @worksheet.pagesetup[:orig_data].dup
+          if @worksheet.pagesetup[:orientation]
+            data[5] = (@worksheet.pagesetup[:orientation] == :landscape) ? 0 : 2
+          end
+
+          if @worksheet.pagesetup[:adjust_to]
+            data[1] = @worksheet.pagesetup[:adjust_to]
+          end
+
+          write_op opcode(:pagesetup), data.pack(binfmt(:pagesetup))
+        end
+
+        def write_margins
+          @worksheet.margins.each do |key, value|
+            next unless [:left, :top, :right, :bottom].include?(key)
+            write_op opcode(:"#{key}margin"), [value].pack(binfmt(:margin))
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write_proctection
+          return unless @worksheet.protected?
+          # ○ PROTECT Worksheet contents: 1 = protected (➜ 5.82)
+          write_op opcode(:protect), [1].pack("v")
+          # ○ OBJECTPROTECT Embedded objects: 1 = protected (➜ 5.72)
+          # ○ SCENPROTECT Scenarios: 1 = protected (➜ 5.91)
+          # ○ PASSWORD Hash value of the password; 0 = no password (➜ 5.76)
+          write_op opcode(:password), [@worksheet.password_hash].pack("v")
+        end
+
+        def write_wsbool
+          bits = [
+            #   Bit  Mask    Contents
+            1, #     0  0x0001  0 = Do not show automatic page breaks
+            #                1 = Show automatic page breaks
+            0, #     4  0x0010  0 = Standard sheet
+            #                1 = Dialogue sheet (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+            0, #     5  0x0020  0 = No automatic styles in outlines
+            #                1 = Apply automatic styles to outlines
+            1, #     6  0x0040  0 = Outline buttons above outline group
+            #                1 = Outline buttons below outline group
+            1, #     7  0x0080  0 = Outline buttons left of outline group
+            #                1 = Outline buttons right of outline group
+            0, #     8  0x0100  0 = Scale printout in percent (➜ 6.89)
+            #                1 = Fit printout to number of pages (➜ 6.89)
+            0, #     9  0x0200  0 = Save external linked values
+            #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
+            #                1 = Do not save external linked values
+            #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
+            1, #    10  0x0400  0 = Do not show row outline symbols
+            #                1 = Show row outline symbols
+            0, #    11  0x0800  0 = Do not show column outline symbols
+            #                1 = Show column outline symbols
+            0, # 13-12  0x3000  These flags specify the arrangement of windows.
+            #                They are stored in BIFF4 only.
+            #                00 = Arrange windows tiled
+            #                01 = Arrange windows horizontal
+            0, #                10 = Arrange windows vertical
+            #                11 = Arrange windows cascaded
+            # The following flags are valid for BIFF4-BIFF8 only:
+            0, #    14  0x4000  0 = Standard expression evaluation
+            #                1 = Alternative expression evaluation
+            0 #    15  0x8000  0 = Standard formula entries
+            #                1 = Alternative formula entries
+          ]
+          weights = [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+          value = bits.inject { |a, b| a | (b << weights.shift) }
+          write_op 0x0081, [value].pack("v")
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end