smartcard 0.4.11 → 0.5.0

data/lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_functions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Function declarations for the PC/SC FFI.
+#
+# Author:: Victor Costan
+# Copyright:: Copyright (C) 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+# License:: MIT
+
+require 'ffi'
+
+# :nodoc: namespace
+module Smartcard::PCSC
+
+
+# FFI to the native PC/SC libraries.
+module FFILib
+  str_suffix = FFI::Platform.windows? ? 'A' : ''
+  attach_function :establish_context, 'SCardEstablishContext',
+                  [Scope, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :release_context, 'SCardReleaseContext', [Word], Status
+  attach_function :is_valid_context, 'SCardIsValidContext', [Word], Status  
+  attach_function :list_reader_groups, 'SCardListReaderGroups' + str_suffix,
+                  [Word, :pointer, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :list_readers, 'SCardListReaders' + str_suffix,
+                  [Word, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :get_status_change, 'SCardGetStatusChange' + str_suffix,
+                  [Word, Word, :pointer, Word], Status
+  
+  attach_function :card_connect, 'SCardConnect' + str_suffix,
+                  [Word, :string, Share, Protocol, :pointer, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :card_reconnect, 'SCardReconnect',
+                  [Word, Share, Protocol, Disposition, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :card_disconnect, 'SCardDisconnect',
+                  [Word, Disposition], Status
+  attach_function :begin_transaction, 'SCardBeginTransaction', [Word], Status
+  attach_function :end_transaction, 'SCardEndTransaction',
+                  [Word, Disposition], Status
+  attach_function :get_attrib, 'SCardGetAttrib',
+                  [Word, Attribute, :pointer, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :set_attrib, 'SCardSetAttrib',
+                  [Word, Attribute, :pointer, Word], Status
+  attach_function :transmit, 'SCardTransmit',
+                  [Word, IoRequest, :pointer, Word, IoRequest, :pointer,
+                   :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :card_control, 'SCardControl',
+                  [Word, Word, :pointer, Word, :pointer, Word, :pointer], Status
+  attach_function :card_status, 'SCardStatus' + str_suffix,
+                  [Word, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer,
+                   :pointer], Status
+end  # module Smartcard::PCSC::FFILib
+
+end  # namespace Smartcard::PCSC

data/lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_lib.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Declaration for the module enclosing the PC/SC FFI hooks.
+#
+# Author:: Victor Costan
+# Copyright:: Copyright (C) 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+# License:: MIT
+
+require 'ffi'
+
+# :nodoc: namespace
+module Smartcard::PCSC
+
+
+# FFI to the native PC/SC libraries.
+module FFILib
+  extend FFI::Library
+  # NOTE: the information is hacked together from the PCSClite headers reader.h,
+  #       winscard.h, and pcsclite.h, available in /usr/include/PCSC  
+  
+  if FFI::Platform.windows?
+    ffi_lib 'winscard'
+  elsif FFI::Platform.mac?
+    ffi_lib '/System/Library/Frameworks/PCSC.framework/PCSC'
+  else
+    ffi_lib 'pcsclite'
+  end
+end
+
+end  # namespace Smartcard::PCSC
+
+# Add Fixnum#ord to Ruby 1.8.6's Fixnum, if it's not already there. 
+unless 0.respond_to?(:ord) or '0'.respond_to?(:ord)
+  # :nodoc: all
+  class Fixnum
+    def ord
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_structs.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Function declarations for the PC/SC FFI.
+#
+# Author:: Victor Costan
+# Copyright:: Copyright (C) 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+# License:: MIT
+
+require 'ffi'
+
+# :nodoc: namespace
+module Smartcard::PCSC
+
+
+# FFI to the native PC/SC libraries.
+module FFILib
+  if FFI::Platform.mac?
+    # 64-bit MacOS is different from 64-bit Linux.
+    Word = :uint32
+  else
+    Word = :ulong
+  end
+
+  # Used to synthesize pointers to unsigned integers.
+  class WordPtr < FFI::Struct
+    # NOTE: this hack is necessary because FFI::Pointer can only read signed
+    #        values right now (FFI 0.5.3).
+    layout :value, Word
+  end
+
+  # Used to obtain information and state changes about all PC/SC readers.
+  class ReaderStateQuery < FFI::Struct
+    layout :reader_name, :pointer,
+           :user_data, :pointer,
+           :current_state, Word,
+           :event_state, Word,
+           :atr_length, Word,
+           :atr, [:char, Consts::MAX_ATR_SIZE]
+  end
+  
+  # Low-level protocol information for APDU transmission and reception.
+  class IoRequest < FFI::Struct
+    layout :protocol, Word,
+           :pci_length, Word
+  end
+
+  # Global variables for IoRequests for protocols T=0, T=1, and RAW.
+  begin
+    PCI_T0 = attach_variable :pci_t0, 'g_rgSCardT0Pci', IoRequest
+    PCI_T1 = attach_variable :pci_t1, 'g_rgSCardT1Pci', IoRequest
+    PCI_RAW = attach_variable :pci_raw, 'g_rgSCardRawPci', IoRequest
+  rescue
+    # Couldn't find the global variables, so we must be on Windows.
+    
+    # TODO(costan): figure out the names of the Windows global variables
+  end
+end  # module Smartcard::PCSC::FFILib
+
+end  # namespace Smartcard::PCSC

data/lib/smartcard/pcsc/pcsc_exception.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # Contains information about an exception at the PC/SC layer.
-class Smartcard::PCSC::Exception  
-  # The error number returned by the failed PC/SC function call. Should be one of the Smartcard::PCSC::SCARD_E_ constants.
-  attr_reader :errno
+class Smartcard::PCSC::Exception  < RuntimeError
+  def initialize(error_status)
+    @pcsc_status = error_status
+    super error_status.to_s
+  end
+  
+  # The PC/SC error status that caused this error.
+  attr_reader :pcsc_status
 end

data/lib/smartcard/pcsc/reader_state_queries.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# Connects Ruby to the PC/SC resource manager (wraps SCARDCONTEXT).
+#
+# Author:: Victor Costan
+# Copyright:: Copyright (C) 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+# License:: MIT
+
+require 'set'
+
+# :nodoc: namespace
+module Smartcard::PCSC
+ 
+
+# A continuous array of reader state queries.
+class ReaderStateQueries
+  # Creates an array of reader state queries.
+  #
+  # The states are unusable until they are assigned reader names by calling
+  # set_reader_name_of.  
+  def initialize(num_states)
+    @_buffer = FFI::MemoryPointer.new :char,
+                                      FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.size * num_states
+    @queries = (0...num_states).map do |i|
+      FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.new @_buffer + FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.size * i
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A query in the array.
+  def [](index)
+    raise TypeError unless index.kind_of? Numeric
+    raise IndexError if index >= @queries.length
+    @queries[index]
+  end
+  
+  # The number of queries in the array.
+  def length
+    @queries.length
+  end
+  
+  # Updates all the queries to acknowledge status changes.
+  #
+  # This is a convenience method intended to be called after
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change.
+  def ack_changes
+    @queries.each { |query| query.current_state = query.event_state }
+  end
+  
+  # Called by FFI::AutoPointer to release the reader states array.
+  #
+  # This should not be called by client code.
+  def self._release_states(pointer)
+    pointer.free
+  end
+
+  # The low-level _SCARD_READERSTATE_ data.
+  #
+  # This should not be used by client code.
+  attr_reader :_buffer
+end  # class Smartcard::PCSC::ReaderStates
+
+
+# :nodoc: extends the reader states with nice accessors
+class FFILib::ReaderStateQuery
+  # The query's current state.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change blocks while the reader
+  # state equals this.
+  #
+  # The value is a Set whose elements are FFILib::CardState members.
+  def current_state
+    FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.unpack_state self[:current_state]
+  end
+  
+  # Changes the query's current state.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change blocks while the reader
+  # state equals this.
+  #
+  # The new value can be a symbol in FFILib::CardState, or an Enumerable
+  # containing such symbols.
+  def current_state=(new_state)
+    self[:current_state] = FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.pack_state new_state    
+  end
+    
+  # The query's event state.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change updates this value before it
+  # returns.
+  #
+  # The value is a Set whose elements are FFILib::CardState members.
+  def event_state
+    FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.unpack_state self[:event_state]
+  end
+
+  # Changes the query's event state.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change updates this value before it
+  # returns.
+  #
+  # The new value can be a symbol in FFILib::CardState, or an Enumerable
+  # containing such symbols.
+  def event_state=(new_state)
+    self[:event_state] = FFILib::ReaderStateQuery.pack_state new_state
+  end
+  
+  # The ATR of the smart-card in the query's reader.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change updates this value before it
+  # returns.
+  #
+  # The value is a string containing the ATR bytes.
+  def atr    
+    self[:atr].to_ptr.get_bytes 0, self[:atr_length]
+  end
+  
+  # Changes the smart-card ATR stored in the query.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change updates this value before it
+  # returns.
+  #
+  # The new value should be a string containing the ATR bytes.
+  def atr=(new_atr)
+    if new_atr.length > max_length = FFILib::Consts::MAX_ATR_SIZE
+      raise ArgumentError, "ATR above maximum length of #{max_length}"
+    end
+    
+    self[:atr_length] = new_atr.length
+    self[:atr].to_ptr.put_bytes 0, new_atr, 0, new_atr.length
+  end
+
+  # The name of the reader referenceed by this query.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change never changes this value.
+  def reader_name
+    self[:reader_name].read_string
+  end
+  
+  # Changes the name of the reader referenceed by this query.
+  #
+  # Smartcard::PCSC::Context#wait_for_status_change never changes this value.
+  def reader_name=(new_name)    
+    self[:reader_name].free if self[:reader_name].kind_of? FFI::MemoryPointer
+    self[:reader_name] = FFI::MemoryPointer.from_string new_name
+  end
+    
+  # Packs an unpacked card state (symbol or set of symbols) into a number.
+  #
+  # This should not be used by client code.
+  def self.pack_state(unpacked_state)
+    if unpacked_state.kind_of? Enumerable
+      state = 0
+      unpacked_state.each { |bit| state |= FFILib::CardState[bit] }
+      return state
+    end
+    FFILib::CardState[unpacked_state]
+  end
+
+  # Unpacks a numeric card state into a Set of symbols.
+  def self.unpack_state(packed_state)
+    state = Set.new
+    FFILib::CardState.to_h.each do |bit, mask|
+      state << bit if (packed_state & mask) == mask and mask != 0
+    end
+    state
+  end
+end
+
+end  # namespace Smartcard::PCSC

data/smartcard.gemspec

@@ -2,40 +2,42 @@
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name = %q{smartcard}
-  s.version = "0.4.11"
+  s.version = "0.5.0"
 
   s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 1.2") if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
   s.authors = ["Victor Costan"]
-  s.date = %q{2009-11-16}
+  s.date = %q{2009-11-27}
   s.description = %q{Interface with ISO 7816 smart cards.}
   s.email = %q{victor@costan.us}
-  s.extensions = ["ext/smartcard_pcsc/extconf.rb"]
-  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["BUILD", "CHANGELOG", "LICENSE", "README", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/extconf.rb", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc.h", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_card.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_constants.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_context.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_exception.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_io_request.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_main.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_multi_strings.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_namespace.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_reader_states.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_surrogate_reader.h", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_surrogate_wintypes.h", "lib/smartcard.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/asn1_ber.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/cap_loader.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/des.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/gp_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/apdu_error.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/auto_configurator.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/iso_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_protocol.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_server.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/pcsc_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/pcsc_exception.rb"]
-  s.files = ["BUILD", "CHANGELOG", "LICENSE", "Manifest", "README", "Rakefile", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/extconf.rb", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc.h", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_card.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_constants.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_context.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_exception.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_io_request.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_main.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_multi_strings.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_namespace.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_reader_states.c", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_surrogate_reader.h", "ext/smartcard_pcsc/pcsc_surrogate_wintypes.h", "lib/smartcard.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/asn1_ber.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/cap_loader.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/des.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/gp_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/apdu_error.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/auto_configurator.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/iso_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_protocol.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_server.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/pcsc_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/pcsc_exception.rb", "test/gp/asn1_ber_test.rb", "test/gp/cap_loader_test.rb", "test/gp/des_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_compat_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/gp/hello.apdu", "test/gp/hello.cap", "test/iso/auto_configurator_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_exception_test.rb", "test/iso/jcop_remote_test.rb", "test/pcsc/containers_test.rb", "test/pcsc/smoke_test.rb", "tests/ts_pcsc_ext.rb", "smartcard.gemspec"]
+  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["BUILD", "CHANGELOG", "LICENSE", "README", "lib/smartcard.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/asn1_ber.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/cap_loader.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/des.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/gp_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/apdu_error.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/auto_configurator.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/iso_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_protocol.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_server.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/pcsc_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/card.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/context.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_autogen.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_functions.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_lib.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_structs.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/pcsc_exception.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/reader_state_queries.rb", "tasks/ffi_codegen.rb"]
+  s.files = ["BUILD", "CHANGELOG", "LICENSE", "Manifest", "README", "Rakefile", "lib/smartcard.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/asn1_ber.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/cap_loader.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/des.rb", "lib/smartcard/gp/gp_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/apdu_error.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/auto_configurator.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/iso_card_mixin.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_protocol.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_server.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/jcop_remote_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/pcsc_transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/iso/transport.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/card.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/context.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_autogen.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_functions.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_lib.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_structs.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/pcsc_exception.rb", "lib/smartcard/pcsc/reader_state_queries.rb", "tasks/ffi_codegen.rb", "test/gp/asn1_ber_test.rb", "test/gp/cap_loader_test.rb", "test/gp/des_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_compat_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/gp/hello.apdu", "test/gp/hello.cap", "test/iso/auto_configurator_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_exception_test.rb", "test/iso/jcop_remote_test.rb", "test/pcsc/card_test.rb", "test/pcsc/context_test.rb", "test/pcsc/reader_state_queries_test.rb", "smartcard.gemspec"]
   s.homepage = %q{http://www.costan.us/smartcard}
   s.rdoc_options = ["--line-numbers", "--inline-source", "--title", "Smartcard", "--main", "README"]
-  s.require_paths = ["lib", "ext"]
+  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
   s.rubyforge_project = %q{smartcard}
   s.rubygems_version = %q{1.3.5}
   s.summary = %q{Interface with ISO 7816 smart cards.}
-  s.test_files = ["test/gp/asn1_ber_test.rb", "test/gp/cap_loader_test.rb", "test/gp/des_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_compat_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/iso/auto_configurator_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_exception_test.rb", "test/iso/jcop_remote_test.rb", "test/pcsc/containers_test.rb", "test/pcsc/smoke_test.rb"]
+  s.test_files = ["test/iso/iso_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/iso/auto_configurator_test.rb", "test/iso/iso_exception_test.rb", "test/iso/jcop_remote_test.rb", "test/pcsc/card_test.rb", "test/pcsc/context_test.rb", "test/pcsc/reader_state_queries_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_test.rb", "test/gp/gp_card_mixin_compat_test.rb", "test/gp/cap_loader_test.rb", "test/gp/asn1_ber_test.rb", "test/gp/des_test.rb"]
 
   if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
     current_version = Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
     s.specification_version = 3
 
     if Gem::Version.new(Gem::RubyGemsVersion) >= Gem::Version.new('1.2.0') then
+      s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<ffi>, [">= 0.5.3"])
       s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<rubyzip>, [">= 0.9.1"])
       s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<zerg_support>, [">= 0.1.5"])
       s.add_development_dependency(%q<echoe>, [">= 3.2"])
       s.add_development_dependency(%q<flexmock>, [">= 0.8.6"])
     else
+      s.add_dependency(%q<ffi>, [">= 0.5.3"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<rubyzip>, [">= 0.9.1"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<zerg_support>, [">= 0.1.5"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<echoe>, [">= 3.2"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<flexmock>, [">= 0.8.6"])
     end
   else
+    s.add_dependency(%q<ffi>, [">= 0.5.3"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<rubyzip>, [">= 0.9.1"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<zerg_support>, [">= 0.1.5"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<echoe>, [">= 3.2"])

data/tasks/ffi_codegen.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Automatically generates FFI code reflecting headers.
+#
+# Author:: Victor Costan
+# Copyright:: Copyright (C) 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+# License:: MIT
+
+require 'ffi'
+require 'ffi/tools/const_generator'
+require 'ffi/tools/struct_generator'
+require 'set'
+
+desc 'Regenerate ffi_autogen.rb'
+task :ffi_header do
+  Smartcard::Tasks.generate_ffi_header
+end
+
+# :nodoc: namespace
+module Smartcard
+  
+module Tasks  
+  def self.resolve_constants(pattern, format)    
+    if FFI::Platform.mac?
+      header_path = '/System/Library/Frameworks/PCSC.framework/Headers/'
+    else
+      header_path = '/usr/include/PCSC/'
+    end
+    headers = Dir.glob(header_path + '*.h').map { |f| File.basename f }
+    
+    consts = Set.new
+    headers.each do |header|
+      File.read("#{header_path}#{header}").each_line do |line|
+        tokens = line.split
+        next unless tokens[0] == '#define'
+        next if tokens[1].index '('
+        consts << tokens[1] if pattern =~ tokens[1]
+      end
+    end
+  
+    const_gen = FFI::ConstGenerator.new(nil,
+        :cppflags => "-w -I#{header_path}") do |g|  
+      headers.each { |header| g.include header }
+      consts.each { |const| g.const const, format }
+    end
+  
+    const_gen.constants
+  end
+  
+  def self.output_constants(constants, f)
+    constants.each do |name, const|
+      f.write "    #{const.to_ruby}\n"
+    end
+  end
+  
+  def self.output_enum(enum_name, constants, name_regexp, f)
+    f.write "  #{enum_name} = enum [\n"
+    
+    re = Regexp.new('^' + name_regexp + '$')
+    constants.each do |name, const|
+      ruby_name = re.match(name)[1]
+      f.write "    :#{ruby_name.downcase}, Consts::#{name},\n"    
+    end
+  
+    f.write "  ]\n"
+  end
+
+  def self.generate_ffi_header
+    File.open('lib/smartcard/pcsc/ffi_autogen.rb', 'w') do |f|
+      f.write "# Automatically generated by tasks/ffi_codegen.rb\n\n"
+      
+      # Return codes.
+      stat_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_(E|S|W)_.*$/, '0x%08X')
+      # Context scopes.
+      scope_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_SCOPE_/, '0x%08X')
+      # Communication protocols (e.g. T=0).
+      proto_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_PROTOCOL_/, '0x%08X')
+      # Reader sharing modes.
+      share_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_SHARE_/, '0x%08X')
+      # Card dispositions.
+      disp_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_([^_]*)_CARD$/, '0x%08X')
+      # Reader attributes.
+      attr_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_ATTR_/, '0x%08lX')
+      # Card states.
+      card_state_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_STATE_/, '0x%08X')
+      # Reader states.
+      reader_state_consts = resolve_constants(/^SCARD_[^_]*$/, '0x%08X')
+      # Misc constants.
+      misc_consts = resolve_constants(/^MAX_ATR_SIZE|INFINITE$/, '0x%08X')
+      
+      f.write "# :nodoc: namespace\n"
+      f.write "module Smartcard::PCSC\n\n"
+      f.write "# :nodoc: auto-generated\n"
+      f.write "module FFILib\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Constant values extracted from headers.\n"
+      f.write "  module Consts\n"
+      output_constants stat_consts, f
+      output_constants scope_consts, f
+      output_constants proto_consts, f
+      output_constants share_consts, f
+      output_constants disp_consts, f
+      output_constants attr_consts, f
+      output_constants card_state_consts, f
+      output_constants reader_state_consts, f
+      output_constants misc_consts, f
+      f.write "  end  # module Smartcard::PCSC::FFILib::Consts\n\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Error codes returned by the PCSC functions.\n"
+      output_enum 'Status', stat_consts, 'SCARD_._(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Values for the context's scope.\n"
+      output_enum 'Scope', scope_consts, 'SCARD_SCOPE_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Smart-card communication protocols.\n"
+      output_enum 'Protocol', proto_consts, 'SCARD_PROTOCOL_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+      
+      f.write "  # Smart-card sharing modes.\n"
+      output_enum 'Share', share_consts, 'SCARD_SHARE_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Smart-card dispositions.\n"
+      output_enum 'Disposition', disp_consts, 'SCARD_(.*)_CARD', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Smart-card reader attributes.\n"
+      output_enum 'Attribute', attr_consts, 'SCARD_ATTR_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Smart-card states.\n"
+      output_enum 'CardState', card_state_consts, 'SCARD_STATE_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+      f.write "  # Smart-card reader states.\n"
+      output_enum 'State', reader_state_consts, 'SCARD_(.*)', f
+      f.write "\n"
+    
+    
+      f.write "end  # module Smartcard::PCSC::FFILib\n"
+      f.write "end  # namespace Smartcard::PCSC\n"
+    end
+  end
+end  # namespace Smartcard::Tasks
+end  # namespace Smartcard