slatedb 0.3.2.beta.3-aarch64-linux

data/README.md

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+# SlateDB Ruby
+
+Ruby bindings for [SlateDB](https://slatedb.io), a cloud-native embedded key-value store built on object storage.
+
+[![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/a7ae51f3a0bc7809cf66981641ec47b3c70db8cf349a5e462f.svg)](https://buildkite.com/catkins-test/slatedb-rb) [![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/slatedb.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/slatedb)
+
+## Production Readiness
+
+These bindings are still in early development, and while SlateDB itself is used in Production, these bindings have yet to be. Contributions are welcome!
+
+### TODO
+
+- [ ] Cross-compile native extensions
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'slatedb'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+```bash
+bundle install
+```
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+```bash
+gem install slatedb
+```
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> This gem currently requires a working Rust toolchain to install until the dependencies are cross-compiled.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Basic Operations
+
+```ruby
+require 'slatedb'
+
+# Open a database with in-memory storage (for testing)
+db = SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb")
+
+# Store a value
+db.put("hello", "world")
+
+# Retrieve a value
+value = db.get("hello")  # => "world"
+
+# Delete a value
+db.delete("hello")
+
+# Close the database
+db.close
+```
+
+### Block Form (Recommended)
+
+The block form automatically closes the database when the block exits:
+
+```ruby
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+  db.get("key")  # => "value"
+end  # automatically closed
+```
+
+### Persistent Storage
+
+For persistent storage, provide an object store URL:
+
+```ruby
+# Local filesystem
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb", url: "file:///tmp/mydb") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+end
+
+# S3 (requires AWS credentials)
+SlateDb::Database.open("mydb", url: "s3://mybucket/path") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+end
+
+# Azure Blob Storage
+SlateDb::Database.open("mydb", url: "az://container/path") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+end
+
+# Google Cloud Storage
+SlateDb::Database.open("mydb", url: "gs://bucket/path") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+end
+```
+
+#### Cloud Storage Credentials
+
+SlateDB uses the [object_store](https://docs.rs/object_store) crate, which automatically discovers credentials from standard environment variables and configuration files:
+
+**AWS S3:**
+- Environment variables: `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`, `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN`, `AWS_REGION`
+- Credential files: `~/.aws/credentials`, `~/.aws/config`
+- IAM roles (when running on EC2/ECS/EKS)
+- Web identity tokens (for IRSA on EKS)
+
+**Azure Blob Storage:**
+- Environment variables: `AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME`, `AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_KEY`, `AZURE_STORAGE_SAS_TOKEN`
+- Azure CLI credentials: `az login`
+- Managed Identity (when running on Azure)
+
+**Google Cloud Storage:**
+- Environment variables: `GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT`, `GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_PATH`, `GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY`
+- Application Default Credentials: `gcloud auth application-default login`
+- Service account key file: `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/key.json`
+
+Example with explicit AWS credentials:
+
+```ruby
+# Set credentials via environment
+ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] = 'your-access-key'
+ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] = 'your-secret-key'
+ENV['AWS_REGION'] = 'us-east-1'
+
+SlateDb::Database.open("mydb", url: "s3://mybucket/path") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+end
+```
+
+### Options
+
+#### Put Options
+
+```ruby
+# Set TTL (time-to-live) in milliseconds
+db.put("key", "value", ttl: 60_000)  # expires in 60 seconds
+
+# Don't wait for durability
+db.put("key", "value", await_durable: false)
+
+# Supply an explicit sequence number (SlateDB >= 0.13.0)
+db.put("key", "value", seqnum: 42)
+```
+
+#### User-Supplied Sequence Numbers
+
+By default SlateDB assigns a monotonically increasing sequence number to every
+write. Since SlateDB 0.13.0 you can instead supply your own via `seqnum:`. The
+value must be **strictly greater** than the current maximum sequence number, or
+the write is rejected with `SlateDb::InvalidArgumentError`. This is useful when
+replaying an external log or coordinating sequence numbers across systems.
+
+```ruby
+db.put("key", "value", seqnum: 1_000)
+db.delete("old", seqnum: 1_001)
+db.merge("counter", "5", seqnum: 1_002)        # requires a merge operator
+db.write(batch, seqnum: 1_003)                 # applied across the batch
+db.batch(seqnum: 1_004) { |b| b.put("k", "v") }
+
+# The sequence number is reflected in the stored record
+db.put("key", "value", seqnum: 2_000)
+db.get_key_value("key")[:seq]  # => 2000
+
+# On a transaction it is supplied at commit time
+txn = db.begin_transaction
+txn.put("k", "v")
+txn.commit(seqnum: 3_000)
+```
+
+#### Get Options
+
+```ruby
+# Filter by durability level
+db.get("key", durability_filter: "memory")
+db.get("key", durability_filter: "remote")
+
+# Include uncommitted data
+db.get("key", dirty: true)
+```
+
+#### Key-Value Metadata
+
+SlateDB can return the full key-value record, including storage metadata:
+
+```ruby
+db.put("key", "value")
+entry = db.get_key_value("key")
+# => { key: "key", value: "value", seq: 1, create_ts: 1_765_000_000_000, expire_ts: nil }
+
+entry[:value]     # => "value"
+entry[:seq]       # SlateDB sequence number
+entry[:create_ts] # creation timestamp in milliseconds
+entry[:expire_ts] # expiration timestamp in milliseconds, or nil
+
+# Alias for the same API
+db.get_entry("key")
+
+# The same read options accepted by #get are supported
+db.get_key_value("key", durability_filter: "memory", cache_blocks: false)
+```
+
+Missing keys return `nil`, matching `#get`.
+
+#### Delete Options
+
+```ruby
+# Don't wait for durability
+db.delete("key", await_durable: false)
+
+# Supply an explicit sequence number (SlateDB >= 0.13.0)
+db.delete("key", seqnum: 42)
+```
+
+### Scanning
+
+Iterate over key ranges using the `scan` method:
+
+```ruby
+# Scan all keys from "a" onwards
+db.scan("a").each do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Scan a specific range [start, end)
+db.scan("a", "z").each do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Scan in descending key order
+db.scan("a", "z", order: :desc).each do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Use Enumerable methods
+keys = db.scan("user:").map { |k, v| k }
+users = db.scan("user:").select { |k, v| v.include?("active") }
+
+# Convert to array
+all_entries = db.scan("").to_a
+```
+
+#### Prefix Scanning
+
+Scan all keys with a given prefix using `scan_prefix`:
+
+```ruby
+# Scan all keys starting with "user:"
+db.scan_prefix("user:").each do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Block form
+db.scan_prefix("order:") do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Prefix scans can also run in descending key order
+db.scan_prefix("user:", order: :desc).each do |key, value|
+  puts "#{key}: #{value}"
+end
+
+# Works with transactions, snapshots, and readers too
+db.transaction do |txn|
+  txn.scan_prefix("item:").each do |k, v|
+    puts "#{k}: #{v}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Merge Operations
+
+Merge operations allow you to combine values without reading them first, useful for counters, append-only logs, and similar patterns:
+
+```ruby
+# Open with a built-in merge operator
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb", merge_operator: :string_concat) do |db|
+  # Merge appends to existing values (or creates if key doesn't exist)
+  db.merge("log", "line1\n")
+  db.merge("log", "line2\n")
+  db.merge("log", "line3\n")
+
+  db.get("log")  # => "line1\nline2\nline3\n"
+end
+
+# Merge with options
+db.merge("key", "value", ttl: 60_000, await_durable: false)
+
+# Works in transactions and batches
+db.transaction do |txn|
+  txn.merge("counter", "1")
+end
+
+db.batch do |b|
+  b.merge("key", "a")
+   .merge("key", "b")
+end
+```
+
+#### Custom Merge Operators
+
+You can provide a Ruby Proc/lambda as a custom merge operator:
+
+```ruby
+# Counter merge operator (adds numbers)
+counter_merge = ->(key, existing, new_value) {
+  existing_num = existing ? existing.to_i : 0
+  (existing_num + new_value.to_i).to_s
+}
+
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb", merge_operator: counter_merge) do |db|
+  db.merge("visits", "1")
+  db.merge("visits", "1")
+  db.merge("visits", "1")
+
+  db.get("visits")  # => "3"
+end
+
+# Max value merge operator
+max_merge = ->(key, existing, new_value) {
+  existing_num = existing ? existing.to_i : 0
+  new_num = new_value.to_i
+  [existing_num, new_num].max.to_s
+}
+
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb", merge_operator: max_merge) do |db|
+  db.merge("high_score", "100")
+  db.merge("high_score", "250")
+  db.merge("high_score", "150")
+
+  db.get("high_score")  # => "250"
+end
+```
+
+The proc receives three arguments:
+- `key` - The key being merged
+- `existing` - The existing value (nil if no value exists)
+- `new_value` - The new merge operand
+
+**Note:** Custom Proc merge operators work best with direct `db.merge()` calls. When used with transactions or batches, some merge operations may be processed on background threads and fall back to string concatenation.
+
+#### Available Merge Operators
+
+- `:string_concat` (or `:concat`) - Concatenates byte values (built-in)
+- Any `Proc` or `lambda` - Custom merge logic
+
+### Write Batches
+
+Perform multiple writes atomically:
+
+```ruby
+# Create a batch manually
+batch = SlateDb::WriteBatch.new
+batch.put("key1", "value1")
+batch.put("key2", "value2", ttl: 60_000)
+batch.delete("old_key")
+db.write(batch)
+
+# Or use the block helper
+db.batch do |b|
+  b.put("key1", "value1")
+  b.put("key2", "value2")
+  b.delete("old_key")
+end
+```
+
+### Transactions
+
+ACID transactions with snapshot or serializable isolation:
+
+```ruby
+# Block form (recommended) - auto-commits on success, rolls back on exception
+db.transaction do |txn|
+  balance = txn.get("balance").to_i
+  txn.put("balance", (balance - 100).to_s)
+  txn.put("withdrawal", "100")
+end
+
+# With serializable isolation for strict consistency
+db.transaction(isolation: :serializable) do |txn|
+  counter = txn.get("counter").to_i
+  txn.put("counter", (counter + 1).to_s)
+end
+
+# Manual transaction management
+txn = db.begin_transaction(isolation: :snapshot)
+txn.put("key", "value")
+txn.commit  # or txn.rollback
+```
+
+Transaction operations:
+
+```ruby
+db.transaction do |txn|
+  # Read
+  value = txn.get("key")
+
+  # Write
+  txn.put("key", "value")
+  txn.put("expiring", "data", ttl: 30_000)
+
+  # Delete
+  txn.delete("old_key")
+
+  # Scan
+  txn.scan("prefix:").each do |k, v|
+    puts "#{k}: #{v}"
+  end
+
+  # Scan with prefix
+  txn.scan_prefix("user:").each do |k, v|
+    puts "#{k}: #{v}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### Explicit Read Tracking
+
+In serializable transactions, use `mark_read` to explicitly track keys for conflict detection without actually reading them:
+
+```ruby
+db.transaction(isolation: :serializable) do |txn|
+  # Mark keys as read for conflict detection
+  txn.mark_read(["key1", "key2", "key3"])
+
+  # Now if another transaction modifies key1/key2/key3,
+  # this transaction will fail on commit
+  txn.put("result", "computed_value")
+end
+```
+
+### Checkpoints
+
+Create durable checkpoints for backup or read replica purposes:
+
+```ruby
+SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb", url: "file:///tmp/mydb") do |db|
+  db.put("key", "value")
+  db.flush
+
+  # Create a checkpoint
+  checkpoint = db.create_checkpoint
+  puts "Checkpoint ID: #{checkpoint[:id]}"
+  puts "Manifest ID: #{checkpoint[:manifest_id]}"
+
+  # Create a named checkpoint with lifetime
+  checkpoint = db.create_checkpoint(
+    name: "before-migration",
+    lifetime: 3_600_000  # 1 hour in milliseconds
+  )
+end
+```
+
+### Snapshots
+
+Point-in-time consistent reads:
+
+```ruby
+# Block form (recommended)
+db.snapshot do |snap|
+  # All reads see the same consistent state
+  value1 = snap.get("key1")
+  value2 = snap.get("key2")
+  
+  snap.scan("prefix:").each do |k, v|
+    puts "#{k}: #{v}"
+  end
+end  # automatically closed
+
+# Manual management
+snap = db.snapshot
+value = snap.get("key")
+snap.close
+```
+
+### Reader (Read-Only Access)
+
+Open a database in read-only mode, useful for replicas:
+
+```ruby
+# Basic read-only access
+SlateDb::Reader.open("/tmp/mydb", url: "s3://bucket/path") do |reader|
+  value = reader.get("key")
+  
+  reader.scan("prefix:").each do |k, v|
+    puts "#{k}: #{v}"
+  end
+end
+
+# Open at a specific checkpoint
+SlateDb::Reader.open("/tmp/mydb", 
+                     url: "s3://bucket/path",
+                     checkpoint_id: "uuid-here") do |reader|
+  reader.get("key")
+end
+
+# Enable the reader's on-disk cache and cap its open file handles
+# (max_open_file_handles, added in SlateDB 0.13.0, only takes effect when
+# cache_root is set, since that is what enables the cached object store).
+SlateDb::Reader.open("/tmp/mydb",
+                     url: "s3://bucket/path",
+                     cache_root: "/var/cache/slatedb",
+                     max_open_file_handles: 256) do |reader|
+  reader.get("key")
+end
+```
+
+### Admin Operations
+
+Administrative operations for database management:
+
+```ruby
+admin = SlateDb::Admin.new("/tmp/mydb", url: "s3://bucket/path")
+
+# Manifests
+json = admin.read_manifest           # Latest manifest as JSON
+json = admin.read_manifest(123)      # Specific manifest by ID
+json = admin.list_manifests          # List all manifests
+json = admin.list_manifests(start: 1, end_id: 10)  # Range query
+
+# Checkpoints
+result = admin.create_checkpoint(name: "backup-2024")
+# => { id: "uuid-string", manifest_id: 7 }
+
+checkpoints = admin.list_checkpoints
+checkpoints = admin.list_checkpoints(name: "backup")  # Filter by name
+
+admin.refresh_checkpoint("uuid", lifetime: 3600_000)  # Extend lifetime
+admin.delete_checkpoint("uuid")
+
+# Garbage Collection
+admin.run_gc                                    # Run with default settings
+admin.run_gc(min_age: 3600_000)                 # Set min age for all directories (1 hour)
+admin.run_gc(manifest_min_age: 86400_000)       # Custom age for manifest (1 day)
+admin.run_gc(wal_min_age: 60_000)               # Custom age for WAL (1 minute)
+admin.run_gc(compacted_min_age: 60_000)         # Custom age for compacted (1 minute)
+```
+
+### Flushing
+
+Ensure all writes are persisted:
+
+```ruby
+db.put("key", "value")
+db.flush
+```
+
+## Thread Safety
+
+**SlateDB is fully thread-safe and optimized for concurrent access.**
+
+- The `Database` class can be safely shared across multiple Ruby threads
+- All operations (get, put, delete, scan, transactions) are thread-safe
+- The Ruby bindings release the Global VM Lock (GVL) during I/O operations, allowing other Ruby threads to run concurrently
+- Perfect for use with multi-threaded Ruby applications like Puma, Sidekiq, and concurrent test suites
+
+```ruby
+db = SlateDb::Database.open("/tmp/mydb")
+
+# Safe to use from multiple threads
+threads = 10.times.map do |i|
+  Thread.new do
+    db.put("key-#{i}", "value-#{i}")
+    db.get("key-#{i}")
+  end
+end
+
+threads.each(&:join)
+```
+
+**Implementation details:**
+- The underlying SlateDB library uses `Arc` (atomic reference counting) and `RwLock` for internal state management
+- I/O operations release the Ruby GVL using `rb_thread_call_without_gvl`, preventing blocking other threads
+- A shared Tokio multi-threaded runtime handles all async operations efficiently
+
+## Error Handling
+
+SlateDB defines several exception classes:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  db.put("", "value")  # empty key
+rescue SlateDb::InvalidArgumentError => e
+  puts "Invalid argument: #{e.message}"
+rescue SlateDb::TransactionError => e
+  puts "Transaction conflict: #{e.message}"
+rescue SlateDb::Error => e
+  puts "SlateDB error: #{e.message}"
+end
+```
+
+Exception hierarchy:
+
+- `SlateDb::Error` - Base class (inherits from `StandardError`)
+  - `SlateDb::TransactionError` - Transaction conflicts
+  - `SlateDb::ClosedError` - Database has been closed
+  - `SlateDb::UnavailableError` - Storage/network unavailable
+  - `SlateDb::InvalidArgumentError` - Invalid arguments
+  - `SlateDb::DataError` - Data corruption or format errors
+  - `SlateDb::InternalError` - Internal errors
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Ruby 3.3+
+- Rust toolchain (for building from source)
+
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run:
+
+```bash
+bundle install
+bundle exec rake compile
+bundle exec rake spec
+```
+
+To run specific tests:
+
+```bash
+bundle exec rspec spec/database_spec.rb
+bundle exec rspec spec/transaction_spec.rb
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/catkins/slatedb-rb.
+
+Also, find me on the [SlateDB Discord Server](https://discord.gg/mHYmGy5MgA).
+
+## License
+
+Apache-2.0