sinatra 1.3.6 → 1.4.0.a

data/README.rdoc

@@ -1,2017 +0,0 @@
-= Sinatra
-
-Sinatra is a DSL for quickly creating web applications in Ruby with minimal
-effort:
-
-  # myapp.rb
-  require 'sinatra'
-
-  get '/' do
-    'Hello world!'
-  end
-
-Install the gem and run with:
-
-  gem install sinatra
-  ruby -rubygems myapp.rb
-
-View at: http://localhost:4567
-
-It is recommended to also run <tt>gem install thin</tt>, which Sinatra will
-pick up if available.
-
-== Routes
-
-In Sinatra, a route is an HTTP method paired with a URL-matching pattern.
-Each route is associated with a block:
-
-  get '/' do
-    .. show something ..
-  end
-
-  post '/' do
-    .. create something ..
-  end
-
-  put '/' do
-    .. replace something ..
-  end
-
-  patch '/' do
-    .. modify something ..
-  end
-
-  delete '/' do
-    .. annihilate something ..
-  end
-
-  options '/' do
-    .. appease something ..
-  end
-
-Routes are matched in the order they are defined. The first route that
-matches the request is invoked.
-
-Route patterns may include named parameters, accessible via the
-<tt>params</tt> hash:
-
-  get '/hello/:name' do
-    # matches "GET /hello/foo" and "GET /hello/bar"
-    # params[:name] is 'foo' or 'bar'
-    "Hello #{params[:name]}!"
-  end
-
-You can also access named parameters via block parameters:
-
-  get '/hello/:name' do |n|
-    "Hello #{n}!"
-  end
-
-Route patterns may also include splat (or wildcard) parameters, accessible
-via the <tt>params[:splat]</tt> array:
-
-  get '/say/*/to/*' do
-    # matches /say/hello/to/world
-    params[:splat] # => ["hello", "world"]
-  end
-
-  get '/download/*.*' do
-    # matches /download/path/to/file.xml
-    params[:splat] # => ["path/to/file", "xml"]
-  end
-
-Or with block parameters:
-
-  get '/download/*.*' do |path, ext|
-    [path, ext] # => ["path/to/file", "xml"]
-  end
-
-Route matching with Regular Expressions:
-
-  get %r{/hello/([\w]+)} do
-    "Hello, #{params[:captures].first}!"
-  end
-
-Or with a block parameter:
-
-  get %r{/hello/([\w]+)} do |c|
-    "Hello, #{c}!"
-  end
-
-Route patterns may have optional parameters:
-
-  get '/posts.?:format?' do
-    # matches "GET /posts" and any extension "GET /posts.json", "GET /posts.xml" etc.
-  end
-
-By the way, unless you disable the path traversal attack protection (see below),
-the request path might be modified before matching against your routes.
-
-=== Conditions
-
-Routes may include a variety of matching conditions, such as the user agent:
-
-  get '/foo', :agent => /Songbird (\d\.\d)[\d\/]*?/ do
-    "You're using Songbird version #{params[:agent][0]}"
-  end
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    # Matches non-songbird browsers
-  end
-
-Other available conditions are +host_name+ and +provides+:
-
-  get '/', :host_name => /^admin\./ do
-    "Admin Area, Access denied!"
-  end
-
-  get '/', :provides => 'html' do
-    haml :index
-  end
-
-  get '/', :provides => ['rss', 'atom', 'xml'] do
-    builder :feed
-  end
-
-You can easily define your own conditions:
-
-  set(:probability) { |value| condition { rand <= value } }
-
-  get '/win_a_car', :probability => 0.1 do
-    "You won!"
-  end
-
-  get '/win_a_car' do
-    "Sorry, you lost."
-  end
-
-For a condition that takes multiple values use a splat:
-
-  set(:auth) do |*roles|   # <- notice the splat here
-    condition do
-      unless logged_in? && roles.any? {|role| current_user.in_role? role }
-        redirect "/login/", 303
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  get "/my/account/", :auth => [:user, :admin] do
-    "Your Account Details"
-  end
-
-  get "/only/admin/", :auth => :admin do
-    "Only admins are allowed here!"
-  end
-
-=== Return Values
-
-The return value of a route block determines at least the response body passed
-on to the HTTP client, or at least the next middleware in the Rack stack.
-Most commonly, this is a string, as in the above examples. But other values are
-also accepted.
-
-You can return any object that would either be a valid Rack response, Rack
-body object or HTTP status code:
-
-* An Array with three elements: <tt>[status (Fixnum), headers (Hash), response
-  body (responds to #each)]</tt>
-* An Array with two elements: <tt>[status (Fixnum), response body (responds to
-  #each)]</tt>
-* An object that responds to <tt>#each</tt> and passes nothing but strings to
-  the given block
-* A Fixnum representing the status code
-
-That way we can, for instance, easily implement a streaming example:
-
-    class Stream
-      def each
-        100.times { |i| yield "#{i}\n" }
-      end
-    end
-
-    get('/') { Stream.new }
-
-You can also use the +stream+ helper method (described below) to reduce boiler
-plate and embed the streaming logic in the route.
-
-=== Custom Route Matchers
-
-As shown above, Sinatra ships with built-in support for using String patterns
-and regular expressions as route matches. However, it does not stop there. You
-can easily define your own matchers:
-
-  class AllButPattern
-    Match = Struct.new(:captures)
-
-    def initialize(except)
-      @except   = except
-      @captures = Match.new([])
-    end
-
-    def match(str)
-      @captures unless @except === str
-    end
-  end
-
-  def all_but(pattern)
-    AllButPattern.new(pattern)
-  end
-
-  get all_but("/index") do
-    # ...
-  end
-
-Note that the above example might be over-engineered, as it can also be
-expressed as:
-
-  get // do
-    pass if request.path_info == "/index"
-    # ...
-  end
-
-Or, using negative look ahead:
-
-  get %r{^(?!/index$)} do
-    # ...
-  end
-
-== Static Files
-
-Static files are served from the <tt>./public</tt> directory. You can specify
-a different location by setting the <tt>:public_folder</tt> option:
-
-  set :public_folder, File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/static'
-
-Note that the public directory name is not included in the URL. A file
-<tt>./public/css/style.css</tt> is made available as
-<tt>http://example.com/css/style.css</tt>.
-
-Use the <tt>:static_cache_control</tt> setting (see below) to add
-<tt>Cache-Control</tt> header info.
-
-== Views / Templates
-
-Each template language is exposed via its own rendering method. These
-methods simply return a string:
-
-  get '/' do
-    erb :index
-  end
-
-This renders <tt>views/index.erb</tt>.
-
-Instead of a template name, you can also just pass in the template content
-directly:
-
-  get '/' do
-    code = "<%= Time.now %>"
-    erb code
-  end
-
-Templates take a second argument, the options hash:
-
-  get '/' do
-    erb :index, :layout => :post
-  end
-
-This will render <tt>views/index.erb</tt> embedded in the
-<tt>views/post.erb</tt> (default is <tt>views/layout.erb</tt>, if it exists).
-
-Any options not understood by Sinatra will be passed on to the template
-engine:
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml :index, :format => :html5
-  end
-
-You can also set options per template language in general:
-
-  set :haml, :format => :html5
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml :index
-  end
-
-Options passed to the render method override options set via +set+.
-
-Available Options:
-
-[locals]
-  List of locals passed to the document. Handy with partials.
-  Example: <tt>erb "<%= foo %>", :locals => {:foo => "bar"}</tt>
-
-[default_encoding]
-  String encoding to use if uncertain. Defaults to
-  <tt>settings.default_encoding</tt>.
-
-[views]
-  Views folder to load templates from. Defaults to <tt>settings.views</tt>.
-
-[layout]
-  Whether to use a layout (+true+ or +false+), if it's a Symbol, specifies
-  what template to use. Example: <tt>erb :index, :layout => !request.xhr?</tt>
-
-[content_type]
-  Content-Type the template produces, default depends on template language.
-
-[scope]
-  Scope to render template under. Defaults to the application instance. If you
-  change this, instance variables and helper methods will not be available.
-
-[layout_engine]
-  Template engine to use for rendering the layout. Useful for languages that
-  do not support layouts otherwise. Defaults to the engine used for the
-  template. Example: <tt>set :rdoc, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
-
-Templates are assumed to be located directly under the <tt>./views</tt>
-directory. To use a different views directory:
-
-  set :views, settings.root + '/templates'
-
-One important thing to remember is that you always have to reference
-templates with symbols, even if they're in a subdirectory (in this
-case, use <tt>:'subdir/template'</tt>). You must use a symbol because
-otherwise rendering methods will render any strings passed to them
-directly.
-
-=== Available Template Languages
-
-Some languages have multiple implementations. To specify what implementation
-to use (and to be thread-safe), you should simply require it first:
-
-  require 'rdiscount' # or require 'bluecloth'
-  get('/') { markdown :index }
-
-=== Haml Templates
-
-Dependency::        {haml}[http://haml.info/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.haml</tt>
-Example::           <tt>haml :index, :format => :html5</tt>
-
-=== Erb Templates
-
-Dependency::        {erubis}[http://www.kuwata-lab.com/erubis/] or
-                    erb (included in Ruby)
-File Extensions::   <tt>.erb</tt>, <tt>.rhtml</tt> or <tt>.erubis</tt> (Erubis
-                    only)
-Example::           <tt>erb :index</tt>
-
-=== Builder Templates
-
-Dependency::        {builder}[http://builder.rubyforge.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.builder</tt>
-Example::           <tt>builder { |xml| xml.em "hi" }</tt>
-
-It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).
-
-=== Nokogiri Templates
-
-Dependency::        {nokogiri}[http://nokogiri.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.nokogiri</tt>
-Example::           <tt>nokogiri { |xml| xml.em "hi" }</tt>
-
-It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).
-
-=== Sass Templates
-
-Dependency::        {sass}[http://sass-lang.com/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.sass</tt>
-Example::           <tt>sass :stylesheet, :style => :expanded</tt>
-
-=== SCSS Templates
-
-Dependency::        {sass}[http://sass-lang.com/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.scss</tt>
-Example::           <tt>scss :stylesheet, :style => :expanded</tt>
-
-=== Less Templates
-
-Dependency::        {less}[http://www.lesscss.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.less</tt>
-Example::           <tt>less :stylesheet</tt>
-
-=== Liquid Templates
-
-Dependency::        {liquid}[http://www.liquidmarkup.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.liquid</tt>
-Example::           <tt>liquid :index, :locals => { :key => 'value' }</tt>
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby methods (except for +yield+) from a Liquid
-template, you almost always want to pass locals to it.
-
-=== Markdown Templates
-
-Dependency::        {rdiscount}[https://github.com/rtomayko/rdiscount],
-                    {redcarpet}[https://github.com/tanoku/redcarpet],
-                    {bluecloth}[http://deveiate.org/projects/BlueCloth],
-                    {kramdown}[http://kramdown.rubyforge.org/] *or*
-                    {maruku}[http://maruku.rubyforge.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.markdown</tt>, <tt>.mkd</tt> and <tt>.md</tt>
-Example::           <tt>markdown :index, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
-
-It is not possible to call methods from markdown, nor to pass locals to it.
-You therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering
-engine:
-
-  erb :overview, :locals => { :text => markdown(:introduction) }
-
-Note that you may also call the +markdown+ method from within other templates:
-
-  %h1 Hello From Haml!
-  %p= markdown(:greetings)
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby from Markdown, you cannot use layouts written in
-Markdown. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
-template than for the layout by passing the <tt>:layout_engine</tt> option.
-
-=== Textile Templates
-
-Dependency::        {RedCloth}[http://redcloth.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.textile</tt>
-Example::           <tt>textile :index, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
-
-It is not possible to call methods from textile, nor to pass locals to it. You
-therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:
-
-  erb :overview, :locals => { :text => textile(:introduction) }
-
-Note that you may also call the +textile+ method from within other templates:
-
-  %h1 Hello From Haml!
-  %p= textile(:greetings)
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby from Textile, you cannot use layouts written in
-Textile. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
-template than for the layout by passing the <tt>:layout_engine</tt> option.
-
-=== RDoc Templates
-
-Dependency::        {rdoc}[http://rdoc.rubyforge.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.rdoc</tt>
-Example::           <tt>rdoc :README, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
-
-It is not possible to call methods from rdoc, nor to pass locals to it. You
-therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:
-
-  erb :overview, :locals => { :text => rdoc(:introduction) }
-
-Note that you may also call the +rdoc+ method from within other templates:
-
-  %h1 Hello From Haml!
-  %p= rdoc(:greetings)
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby from RDoc, you cannot use layouts written in
-RDoc. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
-template than for the layout by passing the <tt>:layout_engine</tt> option.
-
-=== Radius Templates
-
-Dependency::        {radius}[http://radius.rubyforge.org/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.radius</tt>
-Example::           <tt>radius :index, :locals => { :key => 'value' }</tt>
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby methods directly from a Radius template, you almost
-always want to pass locals to it.
-
-=== Markaby Templates
-
-Dependency::        {markaby}[http://markaby.github.com/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.mab</tt>
-Example::           <tt>markaby { h1 "Welcome!" }</tt>
-
-It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).
-
-=== Slim Templates
-
-Dependency::        {slim}[http://slim-lang.com/]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.slim</tt>
-Example::           <tt>slim :index</tt>
-
-=== Creole Templates
-
-Dependency::        {creole}[https://github.com/minad/creole]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.creole</tt>
-Example::           <tt>creole :wiki, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
-
-It is not possible to call methods from creole, nor to pass locals to it. You
-therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:
-
-  erb :overview, :locals => { :text => creole(:introduction) }
-
-Note that you may also call the +creole+ method from within other templates:
-
-  %h1 Hello From Haml!
-  %p= creole(:greetings)
-
-Since you cannot call Ruby from Creole, you cannot use layouts written in
-Creole. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
-template than for the layout by passing the <tt>:layout_engine</tt> option.
-
-=== CoffeeScript Templates
-
-Dependency::        {coffee-script}[https://github.com/josh/ruby-coffee-script]
-                    and a {way to execute javascript}[https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs/blob/master/README.md#readme]
-File Extensions::   <tt>.coffee</tt>
-Example::           <tt>coffee :index</tt>
-
-=== Embedded Templates
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml '%div.title Hello World'
-  end
-
-Renders the embedded template string.
-
-=== Accessing Variables in Templates
-
-Templates are evaluated within the same context as route handlers. Instance
-variables set in route handlers are directly accessible by templates:
-
-  get '/:id' do
-    @foo = Foo.find(params[:id])
-    haml '%h1= @foo.name'
-  end
-
-Or, specify an explicit Hash of local variables:
-
-  get '/:id' do
-    foo = Foo.find(params[:id])
-    haml '%h1= bar.name', :locals => { :bar => foo }
-  end
-
-This is typically used when rendering templates as partials from within
-other templates.
-
-=== Inline Templates
-
-Templates may be defined at the end of the source file:
-
-  require 'sinatra'
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml :index
-  end
-
-  __END__
-
-  @@ layout
-  %html
-    = yield
-
-  @@ index
-  %div.title Hello world.
-
-NOTE: Inline templates defined in the source file that requires sinatra are
-automatically loaded. Call <tt>enable :inline_templates</tt> explicitly if you
-have inline templates in other source files.
-
-=== Named Templates
-
-Templates may also be defined using the top-level <tt>template</tt> method:
-
-  template :layout do
-    "%html\n  =yield\n"
-  end
-
-  template :index do
-    '%div.title Hello World!'
-  end
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml :index
-  end
-
-If a template named "layout" exists, it will be used each time a template
-is rendered. You can individually disable layouts by passing
-<tt>:layout => false</tt> or disable them by default via
-<tt>set :haml, :layout => false</tt>:
-
-  get '/' do
-    haml :index, :layout => !request.xhr?
-  end
-
-=== Associating File Extensions
-
-To associate a file extension with a template engine, use
-<tt>Tilt.register</tt>. For instance, if you like to use the file extension
-+tt+ for Textile templates, you can do the following:
-
-  Tilt.register :tt, Tilt[:textile]
-
-=== Adding Your Own Template Engine
-
-First, register your engine with Tilt, then create a rendering method:
-
-  Tilt.register :myat, MyAwesomeTemplateEngine
-
-  helpers do
-    def myat(*args) render(:myat, *args) end
-  end
-
-  get '/' do
-    myat :index
-  end
-
-Renders <tt>./views/index.myat</tt>. See https://github.com/rtomayko/tilt to
-learn more about Tilt.
-
-== Filters
-
-Before filters are evaluated before each request within the same
-context as the routes will be and can modify the request and response. Instance
-variables set in filters are accessible by routes and templates:
-
-  before do
-    @note = 'Hi!'
-    request.path_info = '/foo/bar/baz'
-  end
-
-  get '/foo/*' do
-    @note #=> 'Hi!'
-    params[:splat] #=> 'bar/baz'
-  end
-
-After filters are evaluated after each request within the same context and can
-also modify the request and response. Instance variables set in before filters
-and routes are accessible by after filters:
-
-  after do
-    puts response.status
-  end
-
-Note: Unless you use the +body+ method rather than just returning a String from
-the routes, the body will not yet be available in the after filter, since it is
-generated later on.
-
-Filters optionally take a pattern, causing them to be evaluated only if the
-request path matches that pattern:
-
-  before '/protected/*' do
-    authenticate!
-  end
-
-  after '/create/:slug' do |slug|
-    session[:last_slug] = slug
-  end
-
-Like routes, filters also take conditions:
-
-  before :agent => /Songbird/ do
-    # ...
-  end
-
-  after '/blog/*', :host_name => 'example.com' do
-    # ...
-  end
-
-== Helpers
-
-Use the top-level <tt>helpers</tt> method to define helper methods for use in
-route handlers and templates:
-
-  helpers do
-    def bar(name)
-      "#{name}bar"
-    end
-  end
-
-  get '/:name' do
-    bar(params[:name])
-  end
-
-Alternatively, helper methods can be separately defined in a module:
-
-  module FooUtils
-    def foo(name) "#{name}foo" end
-  end
-
-  module BarUtils
-    def bar(name) "#{name}bar" end
-  end
-
-  helpers FooUtils, BarUtils
-
-The effect is the same as including the modules in the application class.
-
-=== Using Sessions
-
-A session is used to keep state during requests. If activated, you have one
-session hash per user session:
-
-  enable :sessions
-
-  get '/' do
-    "value = " << session[:value].inspect
-  end
-
-  get '/:value' do
-    session[:value] = params[:value]
-  end
-
-Note that <tt>enable :sessions</tt> actually stores all data in a cookie. This
-might not always be what you want (storing lots of data will increase your
-traffic, for instance). You can use any Rack session middleware: in order to
-do so, do *not* call <tt>enable :sessions</tt>, but instead pull in your
-middleware of choice as you would any other middleware:
-
-  use Rack::Session::Pool, :expire_after => 2592000
-
-  get '/' do
-    "value = " << session[:value].inspect
-  end
-
-  get '/:value' do
-    session[:value] = params[:value]
-  end
-
-To improve security, the session data in the cookie is signed with a session
-secret. A random secret is generated for you by Sinatra. However, since this
-secret will change with every start of your application, you might want to
-set the secret yourself, so all your application instances share it:
-
-  set :session_secret, 'super secret'
-
-If you want to configure it further, you may also store a hash with options in
-the +sessions+ setting:
-
-  set :sessions, :domain => 'foo.com'
-
-=== Halting
-
-To immediately stop a request within a filter or route use:
-
-  halt
-
-You can also specify the status when halting:
-
-  halt 410
-
-Or the body:
-
-  halt 'this will be the body'
-
-Or both:
-
-  halt 401, 'go away!'
-
-With headers:
-
-  halt 402, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'revenge'
-
-It is of course possible to combine a template with +halt+:
-
-  halt erb(:error)
-
-=== Passing
-
-A route can punt processing to the next matching route using <tt>pass</tt>:
-
-  get '/guess/:who' do
-    pass unless params[:who] == 'Frank'
-    'You got me!'
-  end
-
-  get '/guess/*' do
-    'You missed!'
-  end
-
-The route block is immediately exited and control continues with the next
-matching route. If no matching route is found, a 404 is returned.
-
-=== Triggering Another Route
-
-Sometimes +pass+ is not what you want, instead you would like to get the result
-of calling another route. Simply use +call+ to achieve this:
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    status, headers, body = call env.merge("PATH_INFO" => '/bar')
-    [status, headers, body.map(&:upcase)]
-  end
-
-  get '/bar' do
-    "bar"
-  end
-
-Note that in the example above, you would ease testing and increase performance
-by simply moving <tt>"bar"</tt> into a helper used by both <tt>/foo</tt>
-and <tt>/bar</tt>.
-
-If you want the request to be sent to the same application instance rather than
-a duplicate, use <tt>call!</tt> instead of <tt>call</tt>.
-
-Check out the Rack specification if you want to learn more about <tt>call</tt>.
-
-=== Setting Body, Status Code and Headers
-
-It is possible and recommended to set the status code and response body with the
-return value of the route block. However, in some scenarios you might want to
-set the body at an arbitrary point in the execution flow. You can do so with the
-+body+ helper method. If you do so, you can use that method from there on to
-access the body:
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    body "bar"
-  end
-
-  after do
-    puts body
-  end
-
-It is also possible to pass a block to +body+, which will be executed by the
-Rack handler (this can be used to implement streaming, see "Return Values").
-
-Similar to the body, you can also set the status code and headers:
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    status 418
-    headers \
-      "Allow"   => "BREW, POST, GET, PROPFIND, WHEN",
-      "Refresh" => "Refresh: 20; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2324.txt"
-    body "I'm a tea pot!"
-  end
-
-Like +body+, +headers+ and +status+ with no arguments can be used to access
-their current values.
-
-=== Streaming Responses
-
-Sometimes you want to start sending out data while still generating parts of
-the response body. In extreme examples, you want to keep sending data until
-the client closes the connection. You can use the +stream+ helper to avoid
-creating your own wrapper:
-
-  get '/' do
-    stream do |out|
-      out << "It's gonna be legen -\n"
-      sleep 0.5
-      out << " (wait for it) \n"
-      sleep 1
-      out << "- dary!\n"
-    end
-  end
-
-This allows you to implement streaming APIs,
-{Server Sent Events}[http://dev.w3.org/html5/eventsource/] and can be used as
-the basis for {WebSockets}[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket]. It can also be
-used to increase throughput if some but not all content depends on a slow
-resource.
-
-Note that the streaming behavior, especially the number of concurrent requests,
-highly depends on the web server used to serve the application. Some servers,
-like WEBRick, might not even support streaming at all. If the server does not
-support streaming, the body will be sent all at once after the block passed to
-+stream+ finishes executing. Streaming does not work at all with Shotgun.
-
-If the optional parameter is set to +keep_open+, it will not call +close+ on
-the stream object, allowing you to close it at any later point in the
-execution flow. This only works on evented servers, like Thin and Rainbows.
-Other servers will still close the stream:
-
-  # long polling
-
-  set :server, :thin
-  connections = []
-
-  get '/subscribe' do
-    # register a client's interest in server events
-    stream(:keep_open) { |out| connections << out }
-
-    # purge dead connections
-    connections.reject!(&:closed?)
-
-    # acknowledge
-    "subscribed"
-  end
-
-  post '/message' do
-    connections.each do |out|
-      # notify client that a new message has arrived
-      out << params[:message] << "\n"
-
-      # indicate client to connect again
-      out.close
-    end
-
-    # acknowledge
-    "message received"
-  end
-
-=== Logging
-
-In the request scope, the +logger+ helper exposes a +Logger+ instance:
-
-  get '/' do
-    logger.info "loading data"
-    # ...
-  end
-
-This logger will automatically take your Rack handler's logging settings into
-account. If logging is disabled, this method will return a dummy object, so
-you do not have to worry in your routes and filters about it.
-
-Note that logging is only enabled for <tt>Sinatra::Application</tt> by
-default, so if you inherit from <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt>, you probably want to
-enable it yourself:
-
-  class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-    configure :production, :development do
-      enable :logging
-    end
-  end
-
-To avoid any logging middleware to be set up, set the +logging+ setting to
-+nil+. However, keep in mind that +logger+ will in that case return +nil+. A
-common use case is when you want to set your own logger. Sinatra will use
-whatever it will find in <tt>env['rack.logger']</tt>.
-
-=== Mime Types
-
-When using <tt>send_file</tt> or static files you may have mime types Sinatra
-doesn't understand. Use +mime_type+ to register them by file extension:
-
-  configure do
-    mime_type :foo, 'text/foo'
-  end
-
-You can also use it with the +content_type+ helper:
-
-  get '/' do
-    content_type :foo
-    "foo foo foo"
-  end
-
-=== Generating URLs
-
-For generating URLs you should use the +url+ helper method, for instance, in
-Haml:
-
-  %a{:href => url('/foo')} foo
-
-It takes reverse proxies and Rack routers into account, if present.
-
-This method is also aliased to +to+ (see below for an example).
-
-=== Browser Redirect
-
-You can trigger a browser redirect with the +redirect+ helper method:
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    redirect to('/bar')
-  end
-
-Any additional parameters are handled like arguments passed to +halt+:
-
-  redirect to('/bar'), 303
-  redirect 'http://google.com', 'wrong place, buddy'
-
-You can also easily redirect back to the page the user came from with
-<tt>redirect back</tt>:
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    "<a href='/bar'>do something</a>"
-  end
-
-  get '/bar' do
-    do_something
-    redirect back
-  end
-
-To pass arguments with a redirect, either add them to the query:
-
-  redirect to('/bar?sum=42')
-
-Or use a session:
-
-  enable :sessions
-
-  get '/foo' do
-    session[:secret] = 'foo'
-    redirect to('/bar')
-  end
-
-  get '/bar' do
-    session[:secret]
-  end
-
-=== Cache Control
-
-Setting your headers correctly is the foundation for proper HTTP caching.
-
-You can easily set the Cache-Control header with like this:
-
-  get '/' do
-    cache_control :public
-    "cache it!"
-  end
-
-Pro tip: Set up caching in a before filter:
-
-  before do
-    cache_control :public, :must_revalidate, :max_age => 60
-  end
-
-If you are using the +expires+ helper to set the corresponding header,
-<tt>Cache-Control</tt> will be set automatically for you:
-
-  before do
-    expires 500, :public, :must_revalidate
-  end
-
-To properly use caches, you should consider using +etag+ or +last_modified+.
-It is recommended to call those helpers *before* doing heavy lifting, as they
-will immediately flush a response if the client already has the current
-version in its cache:
-
-  get '/article/:id' do
-    @article = Article.find params[:id]
-    last_modified @article.updated_at
-    etag @article.sha1
-    erb :article
-  end
-
-It is also possible to use a
-{weak ETag}[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_ETag#Strong_and_weak_validation]:
-
-  etag @article.sha1, :weak
-
-These helpers will not do any caching for you, but rather feed the necessary
-information to your cache. If you are looking for a quick reverse-proxy caching
-solution, try {rack-cache}[http://rtomayko.github.com/rack-cache/]:
-
-  require "rack/cache"
-  require "sinatra"
-
-  use Rack::Cache
-
-  get '/' do
-    cache_control :public, :max_age => 36000
-    sleep 5
-    "hello"
-  end
-
-Use the <tt>:static_cache_control</tt> setting (see below) to add
-<tt>Cache-Control</tt> header info to static files.
-
-According to RFC 2616 your application should behave differently if the If-Match
-or If-None-Match header is set to <tt>*</tt> depending on whether the resource
-requested is already in existence. Sinatra assumes resources for safe (like get)
-and idempotent (like put) requests are already in existence, whereas other
-resources (for instance for post requests), are treated as new resources. You
-can change this behavior by passing in a <tt>:new_resource</tt> option:
-
-  get '/create' do
-    etag '', :new_resource => true
-    Article.create
-    erb :new_article
-  end
-
-If you still want to use a weak ETag, pass in a <tt>:kind</tt> option:
-
-  etag '', :new_resource => true, :kind => :weak
-
-=== Sending Files
-
-For sending files, you can use the <tt>send_file</tt> helper method:
-
-  get '/' do
-    send_file 'foo.png'
-  end
-
-It also takes a couple of options:
-
-  send_file 'foo.png', :type => :jpg
-
-The options are:
-
-[filename]
-  file name, in response, defaults to the real file name.
-
-[last_modified]
-  value for Last-Modified header, defaults to the file's mtime.
-
-[type]
-  content type to use, guessed from the file extension if missing.
-
-[disposition]
-  used for Content-Disposition, possible values: +nil+ (default),
-  <tt>:attachment</tt> and <tt>:inline</tt>
-
-[length]
-  Content-Length header, defaults to file size.
-
-If supported by the Rack handler, other means than streaming from the Ruby
-process will be used. If you use this helper method, Sinatra will automatically
-handle range requests.
-
-=== Accessing the Request Object
-
-The incoming request object can be accessed from request level (filter, routes,
-error handlers) through the <tt>request</tt> method:
-
-  # app running on http://example.com/example
-  get '/foo' do
-    t = %w[text/css text/html application/javascript]
-    request.accept              # ['text/html', '*/*']
-    request.accept? 'text/xml'  # true
-    request.preferred_type(t)   # 'text/html'
-    request.body                # request body sent by the client (see below)
-    request.scheme              # "http"
-    request.script_name         # "/example"
-    request.path_info           # "/foo"
-    request.port                # 80
-    request.request_method      # "GET"
-    request.query_string        # ""
-    request.content_length      # length of request.body
-    request.media_type          # media type of request.body
-    request.host                # "example.com"
-    request.get?                # true (similar methods for other verbs)
-    request.form_data?          # false
-    request["some_param"]       # value of some_param parameter. [] is a shortcut to the params hash.
-    request.referrer            # the referrer of the client or '/'
-    request.user_agent          # user agent (used by :agent condition)
-    request.cookies             # hash of browser cookies
-    request.xhr?                # is this an ajax request?
-    request.url                 # "http://example.com/example/foo"
-    request.path                # "/example/foo"
-    request.ip                  # client IP address
-    request.secure?             # false (would be true over ssl)
-    request.forwarded?          # true (if running behind a reverse proxy)
-    request.env                 # raw env hash handed in by Rack
-  end
-
-Some options, like <tt>script_name</tt> or <tt>path_info</tt>, can also be
-written:
-
-  before { request.path_info = "/" }
-
-  get "/" do
-    "all requests end up here"
-  end
-
-The <tt>request.body</tt> is an IO or StringIO object:
-
-  post "/api" do
-    request.body.rewind  # in case someone already read it
-    data = JSON.parse request.body.read
-    "Hello #{data['name']}!"
-  end
-
-=== Attachments
-
-You can use the +attachment+ helper to tell the browser the response should be
-stored on disk rather than displayed in the browser:
-
-  get '/' do
-    attachment
-    "store it!"
-  end
-
-You can also pass it a file name:
-
-  get '/' do
-    attachment "info.txt"
-    "store it!"
-  end
-
-=== Dealing with Date and Time
-
-Sinatra offers a +time_for+ helper method, which, from the given value
-generates a Time object. It is also able to convert +DateTime+, +Date+ and
-similar classes:
-
-  get '/' do
-    pass if Time.now > time_for('Dec 23, 2012')
-    "still time"
-  end
-
-This method is used internally by +expires+, +last_modified+ and akin. You can
-therefore easily extend the behavior of those methods by overriding +time_for+
-in your application:
-
-  helpers do
-    def time_for(value)
-      case value
-      when :yesterday then Time.now - 24*60*60
-      when :tomorrow  then Time.now + 24*60*60
-      else super
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  get '/' do
-    last_modified :yesterday
-    expires :tomorrow
-    "hello"
-  end
-
-=== Looking Up Template Files
-
-The <tt>find_template</tt> helper is used to find template files for rendering:
-
-  find_template settings.views, 'foo', Tilt[:haml] do |file|
-    puts "could be #{file}"
-  end
-
-This is not really useful. But it is useful that you can actually override this
-method to hook in your own lookup mechanism. For instance, if you want to be
-able to use more than one view directory:
-
-  set :views, ['views', 'templates']
-
-  helpers do
-    def find_template(views, name, engine, &block)
-      Array(views).each { |v| super(v, name, engine, &block) }
-    end
-  end
-
-Another example would be using different directories for different engines:
-
-  set :views, :sass => 'views/sass', :haml => 'templates', :default => 'views'
-
-  helpers do
-    def find_template(views, name, engine, &block)
-      _, folder = views.detect { |k,v| engine == Tilt[k] }
-      folder ||= views[:default]
-      super(folder, name, engine, &block)
-    end
-  end
-
-You can also easily wrap this up in an extension and share with others!
-
-Note that <tt>find_template</tt> does not check if the file really exists but
-rather calls the given block for all possible paths. This is not a performance
-issue, since +render+ will use +break+ as soon as a file is found. Also,
-template locations (and content) will be cached if you are not running in
-development mode. You should keep that in mind if you write a really crazy
-method.
-
-== Configuration
-
-Run once, at startup, in any environment:
-
-  configure do
-    # setting one option
-    set :option, 'value'
-
-    # setting multiple options
-    set :a => 1, :b => 2
-
-    # same as `set :option, true`
-    enable :option
-
-    # same as `set :option, false`
-    disable :option
-
-    # you can also have dynamic settings with blocks
-    set(:css_dir) { File.join(views, 'css') }
-  end
-
-Run only when the environment (RACK_ENV environment variable) is set to
-<tt>:production</tt>:
-
-  configure :production do
-    ...
-  end
-
-Run when the environment is set to either <tt>:production</tt> or
-<tt>:test</tt>:
-
-  configure :production, :test do
-    ...
-  end
-
-You can access those options via <tt>settings</tt>:
-
-  configure do
-    set :foo, 'bar'
-  end
-
-  get '/' do
-    settings.foo? # => true
-    settings.foo  # => 'bar'
-    ...
-  end
-
-=== Configuring attack protection
-
-Sinatra is using
-{Rack::Protection}[https://github.com/rkh/rack-protection#readme] to defend
-your application against common, opportunistic attacks. You can easily disable
-this behavior (which will open up your application to tons of common
-vulnerabilities):
-
-  disable :protection
-
-To skip a single defense layer, set +protection+ to an options hash:
-
-  set :protection, :except => :path_traversal
-
-You can also hand in an array in order to disable a list of protections:
-
-  set :protection, :except => [:path_traversal, :session_hijacking]
-
-=== Available Settings
-
-[absolute_redirects]   If disabled, Sinatra will allow relative redirects,
-                       however, Sinatra will no longer conform with RFC 2616
-                       (HTTP 1.1), which only allows absolute redirects.
-
-                       Enable if your app is running behind a reverse proxy that
-                       has not been set up properly. Note that the +url+ helper
-                       will still produce absolute URLs, unless you pass in
-                       +false+ as second parameter.
-
-                       Disabled per default.
-
-[add_charsets]         mime types the <tt>content_type</tt> helper will
-                       automatically add the charset info to.
-
-                       You should add to it rather than overriding this option:
-
-                         settings.add_charsets << "application/foobar"
-
-[app_file]             Path to the main application file, used to detect project
-                       root, views and public folder and inline templates.
-
-[bind]                 IP address to bind to (default: 0.0.0.0).
-                       Only used for built-in server.
-
-[default_encoding]     encoding to assume if unknown
-                       (defaults to <tt>"utf-8"</tt>).
-
-[dump_errors]          display errors in the log.
-
-[environment]          current environment, defaults to <tt>ENV['RACK_ENV']</tt>,
-                       or <tt>"development"</tt> if not available.
-
-[logging]              use the logger.
-
-[lock]                 Places a lock around every request, only running
-                       processing on request per Ruby process concurrently.
-
-                       Enabled if your app is not thread-safe.
-                       Disabled per default.
-
-[method_override]      use <tt>_method</tt> magic to allow put/delete forms in
-                       browsers that don't support it.
-
-[port]                 Port to listen on. Only used for built-in server.
-
-[prefixed_redirects]   Whether or not to insert <tt>request.script_name</tt>
-                       into redirects if no absolute path is given. That way
-                       <tt>redirect '/foo'</tt> would behave like
-                       <tt>redirect to('/foo')</tt>. Disabled per default.
-
-[protection]           Whether or not to enable web attack protections. See
-                       protection section above.
-
-[public_folder]        Path to the folder public files are served from. Only
-                       used if static file serving is enabled (see
-                       <tt>static</tt> setting below). Inferred from
-                       <tt>app_file</tt> setting if not set.
-
-[reload_templates]     whether or not to reload templates between requests.
-                       Enabled in development mode.
-
-[root]                 Path to project root folder. Inferred from +app_file+
-                       setting if not set.
-
-[raise_errors]         raise exceptions (will stop application). Enabled
-                       by default when <tt>environment</tt> is set to
-                       <tt>"test"</tt>, disabled otherwise.
-
-[run]                  if enabled, Sinatra will handle starting the web server,
-                       do not enable if using rackup or other means.
-
-[running]              is the built-in server running now?
-                       do not change this setting!
-
-[server]               server or list of servers to use for built-in server.
-                       defaults to ['thin', 'mongrel', 'webrick'], order
-                       indicates priority.
-
-[sessions]             enable cookie based sessions support using
-                       <tt>Rack::Session::Cookie</tt>. See 'Using Sessions'
-                       section for more information.
-
-[show_exceptions]      show a stack trace in the browser when an exception
-                       happens. Enabled by default when <tt>environment</tt>
-                       is set to <tt>"development"</tt>, disabled otherwise.
-                       Can also be set to <tt>:after_handler</tt> to trigger
-                       app-specified error handling before showing a stack
-                       trace in the browser.
-
-[static]               Whether Sinatra should handle serving static files.
-                       Disable when using a Server able to do this on its own.
-                       Disabling will boost performance.
-                       Enabled per default in classic style, disabled for
-                       modular apps.
-
-[static_cache_control] When Sinatra is serving static files, set this to add
-                       <tt>Cache-Control</tt> headers to the responses. Uses the
-                       +cache_control+ helper. Disabled by default.
-                       Use an explicit array when setting multiple values:
-                       <tt>set :static_cache_control, [:public, :max_age => 300]</tt>
-
-[threaded]             If set to +true+, will tell Thin to use
-                       <tt>EventMachine.defer</tt> for processing the request.
-
-[views]                Path to the views folder. Inferred from <tt>app_file</tt>
-                       setting if not set.
-
-== Environments
-
-There are three predefined +environments+: <tt>"development"</tt>,
-<tt>"production"</tt> and <tt>"test"</tt>. Environments can be set
-through the +RACK_ENV+ environment variable. The default value is
-<tt>"development"</tt>. In this mode, all templates are reloaded between
-requests. Special <tt>not_found</tt> and <tt>error</tt> handlers are installed
-for this environment so you will see a stack trace in your browser.
-In <tt>"production"</tt> and <tt>"test"</tt> templates are cached by default.
-
-To run different environments use the <tt>-e</tt> option:
-
-  ruby my_app.rb -e [ENVIRONMENT]
-
-You can use predefined methods: +development?+, +test?+ and +production?+ to
-check which enviroment is currently set.
-
-== Error Handling
-
-Error handlers run within the same context as routes and before filters, which
-means you get all the goodies it has to offer, like <tt>haml</tt>,
-<tt>erb</tt>, <tt>halt</tt>, etc.
-
-=== Not Found
-
-When a <tt>Sinatra::NotFound</tt> exception is raised, or the response's status
-code is 404, the <tt>not_found</tt> handler is invoked:
-
-  not_found do
-    'This is nowhere to be found.'
-  end
-
-=== Error
-
-The +error+ handler is invoked any time an exception is raised from a route
-block or a filter. The exception object can be obtained from the
-<tt>sinatra.error</tt> Rack variable:
-
-  error do
-    'Sorry there was a nasty error - ' + env['sinatra.error'].name
-  end
-
-Custom errors:
-
-  error MyCustomError do
-    'So what happened was...' + env['sinatra.error'].message
-  end
-
-Then, if this happens:
-
-  get '/' do
-    raise MyCustomError, 'something bad'
-  end
-
-You get this:
-
-  So what happened was... something bad
-
-Alternatively, you can install an error handler for a status code:
-
-  error 403 do
-    'Access forbidden'
-  end
-
-  get '/secret' do
-    403
-  end
-
-Or a range:
-
-  error 400..510 do
-    'Boom'
-  end
-
-Sinatra installs special <tt>not_found</tt> and <tt>error</tt> handlers when
-running under the development environment.
-
-== Rack Middleware
-
-Sinatra rides on Rack[http://rack.rubyforge.org/], a minimal standard
-interface for Ruby web frameworks. One of Rack's most interesting capabilities
-for application developers is support for "middleware" -- components that sit
-between the server and your application monitoring and/or manipulating the
-HTTP request/response to provide various types of common functionality.
-
-Sinatra makes building Rack middleware pipelines a cinch via a top-level
-+use+ method:
-
-  require 'sinatra'
-  require 'my_custom_middleware'
-
-  use Rack::Lint
-  use MyCustomMiddleware
-
-  get '/hello' do
-    'Hello World'
-  end
-
-The semantics of +use+ are identical to those defined for the
-Rack::Builder[http://rack.rubyforge.org/doc/classes/Rack/Builder.html] DSL
-(most frequently used from rackup files). For example, the +use+ method
-accepts multiple/variable args as well as blocks:
-
-  use Rack::Auth::Basic do |username, password|
-    username == 'admin' && password == 'secret'
-  end
-
-Rack is distributed with a variety of standard middleware for logging,
-debugging, URL routing, authentication, and session handling. Sinatra uses
-many of these components automatically based on configuration so you
-typically don't have to +use+ them explicitly.
-
-You can find useful middleware in
-{rack}[https://github.com/rack/rack/tree/master/lib/rack],
-{rack-contrib}[https://github.com/rack/rack-contrib#readme],
-with {CodeRack}[http://coderack.org/] or in the
-{Rack wiki}[https://github.com/rack/rack/wiki/List-of-Middleware].
-
-== Testing
-
-Sinatra tests can be written using any Rack-based testing library or framework.
-{Rack::Test}[http://rdoc.info/github/brynary/rack-test/master/frames]
-is recommended:
-
-  require 'my_sinatra_app'
-  require 'test/unit'
-  require 'rack/test'
-
-  class MyAppTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
-    include Rack::Test::Methods
-
-    def app
-      Sinatra::Application
-    end
-
-    def test_my_default
-      get '/'
-      assert_equal 'Hello World!', last_response.body
-    end
-
-    def test_with_params
-      get '/meet', :name => 'Frank'
-      assert_equal 'Hello Frank!', last_response.body
-    end
-
-    def test_with_rack_env
-      get '/', {}, 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => 'Songbird'
-      assert_equal "You're using Songbird!", last_response.body
-    end
-  end
-
-== Sinatra::Base - Middleware, Libraries, and Modular Apps
-
-Defining your app at the top-level works well for micro-apps but has
-considerable drawbacks when building reusable components such as Rack
-middleware, Rails metal, simple libraries with a server component, or
-even Sinatra extensions. The top-level DSL pollutes the Object namespace
-and assumes a micro-app style configuration (e.g., a single application
-file, <tt>./public</tt> and <tt>./views</tt> directories, logging, exception
-detail page, etc.). That's where <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt> comes into play:
-
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-
-  class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-    set :sessions, true
-    set :foo, 'bar'
-
-    get '/' do
-      'Hello world!'
-    end
-  end
-
-The methods available to <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt> subclasses are exactly as those
-available via the top-level DSL. Most top-level apps can be converted to
-<tt>Sinatra::Base</tt> components with two modifications:
-
-* Your file should require <tt>sinatra/base</tt> instead of +sinatra+;
-  otherwise, all of Sinatra's DSL methods are imported into the main
-  namespace.
-* Put your app's routes, error handlers, filters, and options in a subclass
-  of <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt>.
-
-<tt>Sinatra::Base</tt> is a blank slate. Most options are disabled by default,
-including the built-in server. See
-{Options and Configuration}[http://sinatra.github.com/configuration.html]
-for details on available options and their behavior.
-
-=== Modular vs. Classic Style
-
-Contrary to common belief, there is nothing wrong with classic style. If it
-suits your application, you do not have to switch to a modular application.
-
-There are only two downsides compared with modular style:
-
-* You may only have one Sinatra application per Ruby process. If you plan to
-  use more, switch to modular style.
-
-* Classic style pollutes Object with delegator methods. If you plan to ship
-  your application in a library/gem, switch to modular style.
-
-There is no reason you cannot mix modular and classic style.
-
-If switching from one style to the other, you should be aware of slightly
-different default settings:
-
-  Setting             Classic                 Modular
-
-  app_file            file loading sinatra    file subclassing Sinatra::Base
-  run                 $0 == app_file          false
-  logging             true                    false
-  method_override     true                    false
-  inline_templates    true                    false
-  static              true                    false
-
-
-=== Serving a Modular Application
-
-There are two common options for starting a modular app, actively starting with
-<tt>run!</tt>:
-
-  # my_app.rb
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-
-  class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-    # ... app code here ...
-
-    # start the server if ruby file executed directly
-    run! if app_file == $0
-  end
-
-Start with:
-
-  ruby my_app.rb
-
-Or with a <tt>config.ru</tt>, which allows using any Rack handler:
-
-  # config.ru (run with rackup)
-  require './my_app'
-  run MyApp
-
-Run:
-
-  rackup -p 4567
-
-=== Using a Classic Style Application with a config.ru
-
-Write your app file:
-
-  # app.rb
-  require 'sinatra'
-
-  get '/' do
-    'Hello world!'
-  end
-
-And a corresponding <tt>config.ru</tt>:
-
-  require './app'
-  run Sinatra::Application
-
-=== When to use a config.ru?
-
-Good signs you probably want to use a <tt>config.ru</tt>:
-
-* You want to deploy with a different Rack handler (Passenger, Unicorn,
-  Heroku, ...).
-* You want to use more than one subclass of <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt>.
-* You want to use Sinatra only for middleware, but not as endpoint.
-
-<b>There is no need to switch to a <tt>config.ru</tt> only because you
-switched to modular style, and you don't have to use modular style for running
-with a <tt>config.ru</tt>.</b>
-
-=== Using Sinatra as Middleware
-
-Not only is Sinatra able to use other Rack middleware, any Sinatra application
-can in turn be added in front of any Rack endpoint as middleware itself. This
-endpoint could be another Sinatra application, or any other Rack-based
-application (Rails/Ramaze/Camping/...):
-
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-
-  class LoginScreen < Sinatra::Base
-    enable :sessions
-
-    get('/login') { haml :login }
-
-    post('/login') do
-      if params[:name] == 'admin' && params[:password] == 'admin'
-        session['user_name'] = params[:name]
-      else
-        redirect '/login'
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-    # middleware will run before filters
-    use LoginScreen
-
-    before do
-      unless session['user_name']
-        halt "Access denied, please <a href='/login'>login</a>."
-      end
-    end
-
-    get('/') { "Hello #{session['user_name']}." }
-  end
-
-=== Dynamic Application Creation
-
-Sometimes you want to create new applications at runtime without having to
-assign them to a constant, you can do this with <tt>Sinatra.new</tt>:
-
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-  my_app = Sinatra.new { get('/') { "hi" } }
-  my_app.run!
-
-It takes the application to inherit from as optional argument:
-
-  # config.ru (run with rackup)
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-
-  controller = Sinatra.new do
-    enable :logging
-    helpers MyHelpers
-  end
-
-  map('/a') do
-    run Sinatra.new(controller) { get('/') { 'a' } }
-  end
-
-  map('/b') do
-    run Sinatra.new(controller) { get('/') { 'b' } }
-  end
-
-This is especially useful for testing Sinatra extensions or using Sinatra in
-your own library.
-
-This also makes using Sinatra as middleware extremely easy:
-
-  require 'sinatra/base'
-
-  use Sinatra do
-    get('/') { ... }
-  end
-
-  run RailsProject::Application
-
-== Scopes and Binding
-
-The scope you are currently in determines what methods and variables are
-available.
-
-=== Application/Class Scope
-
-Every Sinatra application corresponds to a subclass of <tt>Sinatra::Base</tt>.
-If you are using the top-level DSL (<tt>require 'sinatra'</tt>), then this
-class is <tt>Sinatra::Application</tt>, otherwise it is the subclass you
-created explicitly. At class level you have methods like +get+ or +before+, but
-you cannot access the +request+ object or the +session+, as there only is a
-single application class for all requests.
-
-Options created via +set+ are methods at class level:
-
-    class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-      # Hey, I'm in the application scope!
-      set :foo, 42
-      foo # => 42
-
-      get '/foo' do
-        # Hey, I'm no longer in the application scope!
-      end
-    end
-
-You have the application scope binding inside:
-
-* Your application class body
-* Methods defined by extensions
-* The block passed to +helpers+
-* Procs/blocks used as value for +set+
-* The block passed to <tt>Sinatra.new</tt>
-
-You can reach the scope object (the class) like this:
-
-* Via the object passed to configure blocks (<tt>configure { |c| ... }</tt>)
-* +settings+ from within request scope
-
-=== Request/Instance Scope
-
-For every incoming request, a new instance of your application class is
-created and all handler blocks run in that scope. From within this scope you
-can access the +request+ and +session+ object or call rendering methods like
-+erb+ or +haml+. You can access the application scope from within the request
-scope via the +settings+ helper:
-
-  class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
-    # Hey, I'm in the application scope!
-    get '/define_route/:name' do
-      # Request scope for '/define_route/:name'
-      @value = 42
-
-      settings.get("/#{params[:name]}") do
-        # Request scope for "/#{params[:name]}"
-        @value # => nil (not the same request)
-      end
-
-      "Route defined!"
-    end
-  end
-
-You have the request scope binding inside:
-
-* get/head/post/put/delete/options blocks
-* before/after filters
-* helper methods
-* templates/views
-
-=== Delegation Scope
-
-The delegation scope just forwards methods to the class scope. However, it
-does not behave 100% like the class scope, as you do not have the class
-binding. Only methods explicitly marked for delegation are available and you
-do not share variables/state with the class scope (read: you have a different
-+self+). You can explicitly add method delegations by calling
-<tt>Sinatra::Delegator.delegate :method_name</tt>.
-
-You have the delegate scope binding inside:
-
-* The top level binding, if you did <tt>require "sinatra"</tt>
-* An object extended with the <tt>Sinatra::Delegator</tt> mixin
-
-Have a look at the code for yourself: here's the
-{Sinatra::Delegator mixin}[http://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/blob/ceac46f0bc129a6e994a06100aa854f606fe5992/lib/sinatra/base.rb#L1128]
-being {included into the main namespace}[http://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/blob/ceac46f0bc129a6e994a06100aa854f606fe5992/lib/sinatra/main.rb#L28].
-
-== Command Line
-
-Sinatra applications can be run directly:
-
-  ruby myapp.rb [-h] [-x] [-e ENVIRONMENT] [-p PORT] [-o HOST] [-s HANDLER]
-
-Options are:
-
-  -h # help
-  -p # set the port (default is 4567)
-  -o # set the host (default is 0.0.0.0)
-  -e # set the environment (default is development)
-  -s # specify rack server/handler (default is thin)
-  -x # turn on the mutex lock (default is off)
-
-== Requirement
-
-The following Ruby versions are officially supported:
-
-[ Ruby 1.8.7 ]
-  1.8.7 is fully supported, however, if nothing is keeping you from it, we
-  recommend upgrading to 1.9.2 or switching to JRuby or Rubinius. Support for
-  1.8.7 will not be dropped before Sinatra 2.0 and Ruby 2.0 except maybe for
-  the unlikely event of 1.8.8 being released. Even then, we might continue
-  supporting it. <b>Ruby 1.8.6 is no longer supported.</b> If you want to run
-  with 1.8.6, downgrade to Sinatra 1.2, which will receive bug fixes until
-  Sinatra 1.4.0 is released.
-
-[ Ruby 1.9.2 ]
-  1.9.2 is fully supported and recommended. Do not use 1.9.2p0, it is known to
-  cause segmentation faults when running Sinatra. Support will continue at least
-  until the release of Ruby 1.9.4/2.0 and support for the latest 1.9 release
-  will continue as long as it is still supported by the Ruby core team.
-
-[ Ruby 1.9.3 ]
-  1.9.3 is fully supported and recommended. Please note that switching to 1.9.3
-  from an earlier version will invalidate all sessions.
-
-[ Rubinius ]
-  Rubinius is officially supported (Rubinius >= 1.2.4), everything, including
-  all template languages, works. The upcoming 2.0 release is supported as
-  well, including 1.9 mode.
-
-[ JRuby ]
-  JRuby is officially supported (JRuby >= 1.6.7). No issues with third party
-  template libraries are known, however, if you choose to use JRuby, please
-  look into JRuby rack handlers, as the Thin web server is not fully supported
-  on JRuby. JRuby's support for C extensions is still experimental, which only
-  affects RDiscount, Redcarpet, RedCloth and Yajl templates as well as Thin
-  and Mongrel at the moment.
-
-We also keep an eye on upcoming Ruby versions.
-
-The following Ruby implementations are not officially supported but still are
-known to run Sinatra:
-
-* Older versions of JRuby and Rubinius
-* Ruby Enterprise Edition
-* MacRuby, Maglev, IronRuby
-* Ruby 1.9.0 and 1.9.1 (but we do recommend against using those)
-
-Not being officially supported means if things only break there and not on a
-supported platform, we assume it's not our issue but theirs.
-
-We also run our CI against ruby-head (the upcoming 2.0.0) and the 1.9.4
-branch, but we can't guarantee anything, since it is constantly moving. Expect
-both 1.9.4p0 and 2.0.0p0 to be supported.
-
-Sinatra should work on any operating system supported by the chosen Ruby
-implementation.
-
-You will not be able to run Sinatra on Cardinal, SmallRuby, BlueRuby or any
-Ruby version prior to 1.8.7 as of the time being.
-
-== The Bleeding Edge
-
-If you would like to use Sinatra's latest bleeding code, feel free to run your
-application against the master branch, it should be rather stable.
-
-We also push out prerelease gems from time to time, so you can do a
-
-  gem install sinatra --pre
-
-To get some of the latest features.
-
-=== With Bundler
-
-If you want to run your application with the latest Sinatra, using
-{Bundler}[http://gembundler.com/] is the recommended way.
-
-First, install bundler, if you haven't:
-
-  gem install bundler
-
-Then, in your project directory, create a +Gemfile+:
-
-  source :rubygems
-  gem 'sinatra', :git => "git://github.com/sinatra/sinatra.git"
-
-  # other dependencies
-  gem 'haml'                    # for instance, if you use haml
-  gem 'activerecord', '~> 3.0'  # maybe you also need ActiveRecord 3.x
-
-Note that you will have to list all your applications dependencies in there.
-Sinatra's direct dependencies (Rack and Tilt) will, however, be automatically
-fetched and added by Bundler.
-
-Now you can run your app like this:
-
-  bundle exec ruby myapp.rb
-
-=== Roll Your Own
-
-Create a local clone and run your app with the <tt>sinatra/lib</tt> directory
-on the <tt>$LOAD_PATH</tt>:
-
-  cd myapp
-  git clone git://github.com/sinatra/sinatra.git
-  ruby -Isinatra/lib myapp.rb
-
-To update the Sinatra sources in the future:
-
-  cd myapp/sinatra
-  git pull
-
-=== Install Globally
-
-You can build the gem on your own:
-
-  git clone git://github.com/sinatra/sinatra.git
-  cd sinatra
-  rake sinatra.gemspec
-  rake install
-
-If you install gems as root, the last step should be
-
-  sudo rake install
-
-== Versioning
-
-Sinatra follows {Semantic Versioning}[http://semver.org/], both SemVer and
-SemVerTag.
-
-== Further Reading
-
-* {Project Website}[http://www.sinatrarb.com/] - Additional documentation,
-  news, and links to other resources.
-* {Contributing}[http://www.sinatrarb.com/contributing] - Find a bug? Need
-  help? Have a patch?
-* {Issue tracker}[http://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues]
-* {Twitter}[http://twitter.com/sinatra]
-* {Mailing List}[http://groups.google.com/group/sinatrarb/topics]
-* {IRC: #sinatra}[irc://chat.freenode.net/#sinatra] on http://freenode.net
-* {Sinatra Book}[http://sinatra-book.gittr.com] Cookbook Tutorial
-* {Sinatra Recipes}[http://recipes.sinatrarb.com/] Community
-  contributed recipes
-* API documentation for the {latest release}[http://rubydoc.info/gems/sinatra]
-  or the {current HEAD}[http://rubydoc.info/github/sinatra/sinatra] on
-  http://rubydoc.info
-* {CI server}[http://ci.rkh.im/view/Sinatra/]