simpleble 0.0.1

data/vendor/simpleble/simpleble/src/backends/windows/PeripheralWindows.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+// This weird pragma is required for the compiler to properly include the necessary namespaces.
+#pragma comment(lib, "windowsapp")
+
+#include "PeripheralWindows.h"
+#include "CommonUtils.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "MtaManager.h"
+
+#include "../common/CharacteristicBase.h"
+#include "../common/DescriptorBase.h"
+#include "../common/ServiceBase.h"
+#include "simpleble/Characteristic.h"
+#include "simpleble/Descriptor.h"
+#include "simpleble/Service.h"
+
+#include <simpleble/Exceptions.h>
+
+#include "winrt/Windows.Foundation.Collections.h"
+#include "winrt/Windows.Foundation.h"
+#include "winrt/Windows.Storage.Streams.h"
+#include "winrt/base.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace SimpleBLE;
+using namespace SimpleBLE::WinRT;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+PeripheralWindows::PeripheralWindows(BluetoothLEDevice device) {
+    device_ = device;
+    identifier_ = winrt::to_string(device.Name());
+    address_ = _mac_address_to_str(device.BluetoothAddress());
+    address_type_ = BluetoothAddressType::PUBLIC;
+
+    // NOTE: We're assuming that the device is connectable, as this constructor is only called
+    // when the device has paired in the past.
+    connectable_ = true;
+}
+
+PeripheralWindows::PeripheralWindows(advertising_data_t advertising_data) {
+    address_type_ = advertising_data.address_type;
+    identifier_ = advertising_data.identifier;
+    address_ = advertising_data.mac_address;
+    rssi_ = advertising_data.rssi;
+    tx_power_ = advertising_data.tx_power;
+    manufacturer_data_ = advertising_data.manufacturer_data;
+    service_data_ = advertising_data.service_data;
+    connectable_ = advertising_data.connectable;
+}
+
+PeripheralWindows::~PeripheralWindows() {
+    if (connection_status_changed_token_ && device_ != nullptr) {
+        MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this]() {
+            device_.ConnectionStatusChanged(connection_status_changed_token_);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+void* PeripheralWindows::underlying() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<BluetoothLEDevice*>(&device_));
+}
+
+SimpleBLE::BluetoothAddressType PeripheralWindows::address_type() { return address_type_; }
+
+std::string PeripheralWindows::identifier() { return identifier_; }
+
+BluetoothAddress PeripheralWindows::address() { return address_; }
+
+int16_t PeripheralWindows::rssi() { return rssi_; }
+
+int16_t PeripheralWindows::tx_power() { return tx_power_; }
+
+uint16_t PeripheralWindows::mtu() {
+    if (!is_connected()) return 0;
+
+    // The value provided by the MaxPduSize includes an extra 3 bytes from the GATT header
+    // which needs to be removed.
+    return mtu_ - 3;
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::update_advertising_data(advertising_data_t advertising_data) {
+    if (advertising_data.identifier != "") {
+        identifier_ = advertising_data.identifier;
+    }
+    rssi_ = advertising_data.rssi;
+    tx_power_ = advertising_data.tx_power;
+    address_type_ = advertising_data.address_type;
+    manufacturer_data_ = advertising_data.manufacturer_data;
+
+    advertising_data.service_data.merge(service_data_);
+    service_data_ = advertising_data.service_data;
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::connect() {
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this]() {
+        device_ = async_get(BluetoothLEDevice::FromBluetoothAddressAsync(_str_to_mac_address(address_)));
+    });
+
+    // Attempt to connect to the device.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        if (_attempt_connect()) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (is_connected()) {
+        MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this]() {
+            connection_status_changed_token_ = device_.ConnectionStatusChanged(
+                [this](const BluetoothLEDevice device, const auto args) {
+                    if (device.ConnectionStatus() == BluetoothConnectionStatus::Disconnected) {
+                        this->disconnection_cv_.notify_all();
+
+                        SAFE_CALLBACK_CALL(this->callback_on_disconnected_);
+                    }
+                });
+        });
+
+        SAFE_CALLBACK_CALL(this->callback_on_connected_);
+    } else {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed("Failed to connect to device.");
+    }
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::disconnect() {
+    gatt_map_.clear();
+    if (device_ != nullptr) {
+        MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this]() {
+            device_.Close();
+        });
+
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(disconnection_mutex_);
+        if (disconnection_cv_.wait_for(lock, 10s, [this] { return !this->is_connected(); })) {
+            // Disconnection successful
+        } else {
+            SIMPLEBLE_LOG_ERROR("Disconnection failed");
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed("Disconnection attempt was not acknowledged.");
+        }
+
+        device_ = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+bool PeripheralWindows::is_connected() {
+    if (device_ == nullptr) return false;
+
+    return MtaManager::get().execute_sync<bool>([this]() {
+        return device_.ConnectionStatus() == BluetoothConnectionStatus::Connected;
+    });
+}
+
+bool PeripheralWindows::is_connectable() { return connectable_; }
+
+bool PeripheralWindows::is_paired() { throw Exception::OperationNotSupported(); }
+
+void PeripheralWindows::unpair() { throw Exception::OperationNotSupported(); }
+
+SharedPtrVector<ServiceBase> PeripheralWindows::available_services() {
+    SharedPtrVector<ServiceBase> service_list;
+    for (auto& [service_uuid, service] : gatt_map_) {
+        // Build the list of characteristics for the service.
+        SharedPtrVector<CharacteristicBase> characteristic_list;
+        for (auto& [characteristic_uuid, characteristic] : service.characteristics) {
+            // Build the list of descriptors for the characteristic.
+            SharedPtrVector<DescriptorBase> descriptor_list;
+            for (auto& [descriptor_uuid, descriptor] : characteristic.descriptors) {
+                descriptor_list.push_back(std::make_shared<DescriptorBase>(descriptor_uuid));
+            }
+
+            uint32_t properties = MtaManager::get().execute_sync<uint32_t>([&characteristic]() {
+                return (uint32_t)characteristic.obj.CharacteristicProperties();
+            });
+
+            bool can_read = (properties & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Read) != 0;
+            bool can_write_request = (properties & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Write) != 0;
+            bool can_write_command = (properties & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::WriteWithoutResponse) != 0;
+            bool can_notify = (properties & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Notify) != 0;
+            bool can_indicate = (properties & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Indicate) != 0;
+
+            characteristic_list.push_back(
+                std::make_shared<CharacteristicBase>(characteristic_uuid, descriptor_list, can_read, can_write_request,
+                                                     can_write_command, can_notify, can_indicate));
+        }
+        service_list.push_back(std::make_shared<ServiceBase>(service_uuid, characteristic_list));
+    }
+
+    return service_list;
+}
+
+SharedPtrVector<ServiceBase> PeripheralWindows::advertised_services() {
+    SharedPtrVector<ServiceBase> service_list;
+    for (auto& [service_uuid, data] : service_data_) {
+        service_list.push_back(std::make_shared<ServiceBase>(service_uuid, data));
+    }
+
+    return service_list;
+}
+
+std::map<uint16_t, ByteArray> PeripheralWindows::manufacturer_data() { return manufacturer_data_; }
+
+ByteArray PeripheralWindows::read(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic) {
+    GattCharacteristic gatt_characteristic = _fetch_characteristic(service, characteristic).obj;
+
+    return MtaManager::get().execute_sync<ByteArray>([this, &gatt_characteristic]() {
+        // Validate that the operation can be performed.
+        uint32_t gatt_characteristic_prop = (uint32_t)gatt_characteristic.CharacteristicProperties();
+        if ((gatt_characteristic_prop & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Read) == 0) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationNotSupported();
+        }
+
+        // Read the value.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_characteristic.ReadValueAsync(Devices::Bluetooth::BluetoothCacheMode::Uncached));
+        if (result.Status() != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+        return ibuffer_to_bytearray(result.Value());
+    });
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::write_request(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                                      ByteArray const& data) {
+    GattCharacteristic gatt_characteristic = _fetch_characteristic(service, characteristic).obj;
+
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this, &gatt_characteristic, &data]() {
+        // Validate that the operation can be performed.
+        uint32_t gatt_characteristic_prop = (uint32_t)gatt_characteristic.CharacteristicProperties();
+        if ((gatt_characteristic_prop & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::Write) == 0) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationNotSupported();
+        }
+
+        // Convert the request data to a buffer.
+        winrt::Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer buffer = bytearray_to_ibuffer(data);
+
+        // Write the value.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_characteristic.WriteValueAsync(buffer, GattWriteOption::WriteWithResponse));
+        if (result != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::write_command(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                                      ByteArray const& data) {
+    GattCharacteristic gatt_characteristic = _fetch_characteristic(service, characteristic).obj;
+
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this, &gatt_characteristic, &data]() {
+        // Validate that the operation can be performed.
+        uint32_t gatt_characteristic_prop = (uint32_t)gatt_characteristic.CharacteristicProperties();
+        if ((gatt_characteristic_prop & (uint32_t)GattCharacteristicProperties::WriteWithoutResponse) == 0) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationNotSupported();
+        }
+
+        // Convert the request data to a buffer.
+        winrt::Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer buffer = bytearray_to_ibuffer(data);
+
+        // Write the value.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_characteristic.WriteValueAsync(buffer, GattWriteOption::WriteWithoutResponse));
+        if (result != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::notify(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                               std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback) {
+    _subscribe(service, characteristic, std::move(callback), GattCharacteristicProperties::Notify,
+               GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue::Notify);
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::indicate(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                                 std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback) {
+    _subscribe(service, characteristic, std::move(callback), GattCharacteristicProperties::Indicate,
+               GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue::Indicate);
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::unsubscribe(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic) {
+    gatt_characteristic_t& gatt_characteristic_holder = _fetch_characteristic(service, characteristic);
+    GattCharacteristic gatt_characteristic = gatt_characteristic_holder.obj;
+
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this, &gatt_characteristic, &gatt_characteristic_holder]() {
+        if (gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token) {
+            // Unregister the callback.
+            gatt_characteristic.ValueChanged(gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token);
+            gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token = {0};
+        }
+
+        // Start the indication.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync(
+            GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue::None));
+
+        if (result.Status() != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+ByteArray PeripheralWindows::read(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                                  BluetoothUUID const& descriptor) {
+    GattDescriptor gatt_descriptor = _fetch_descriptor(service, characteristic, descriptor);
+
+    return MtaManager::get().execute_sync<ByteArray>([this, &gatt_descriptor]() {
+        // Read the value.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_descriptor.ReadValueAsync(Devices::Bluetooth::BluetoothCacheMode::Uncached));
+        if (result.Status() != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+        return ibuffer_to_bytearray(result.Value());
+    });
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::write(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                              BluetoothUUID const& descriptor, ByteArray const& data) {
+    GattDescriptor gatt_descriptor = _fetch_descriptor(service, characteristic, descriptor);
+
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this, &gatt_descriptor, &data]() {
+        // Convert the request data to a buffer.
+        winrt::Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer buffer = bytearray_to_ibuffer(data);
+
+        // Write the value.
+        auto result = async_get(gatt_descriptor.WriteValueWithResultAsync(buffer));
+        if (result.Status() != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::set_callback_on_connected(std::function<void()> on_connected) {
+    if (on_connected) {
+        callback_on_connected_.load(std::move(on_connected));
+    } else {
+        callback_on_connected_.unload();
+    }
+}
+
+void PeripheralWindows::set_callback_on_disconnected(std::function<void()> on_disconnected) {
+    if (on_disconnected) {
+        callback_on_disconnected_.load(std::move(on_disconnected));
+    } else {
+        callback_on_disconnected_.unload();
+    }
+}
+
+// Private methods
+
+void PeripheralWindows::_subscribe(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                                   std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback,
+                                   GattCharacteristicProperties property,
+                                   GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue descriptor_value) {
+    gatt_characteristic_t& gatt_characteristic_holder = _fetch_characteristic(service, characteristic);
+    GattCharacteristic gatt_characteristic = gatt_characteristic_holder.obj;
+
+    MtaManager::get().execute_sync([this, &gatt_characteristic, &gatt_characteristic_holder, callback, property, descriptor_value]() {
+        // Validate that the operation can be performed.
+        uint32_t gatt_characteristic_prop = (uint32_t)gatt_characteristic.CharacteristicProperties();
+        if ((gatt_characteristic_prop & (uint32_t)property) == 0) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationNotSupported();
+        }
+
+        // If a notification for the given characteristic is already in progress, swap the callbacks.
+        if (gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token) {
+            SIMPLEBLE_LOG_WARN("A notification for the given characteristic is already in progress. Swapping callbacks.");
+            // Unregister the callback.
+            gatt_characteristic.ValueChanged(gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token);
+            gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token = {0};
+        }
+
+        gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_callback = [=](const GattCharacteristic& sender,
+                                                                const GattValueChangedEventArgs& args) {
+            // Convert the payload to a ByteArray.
+            ByteArray payload = ibuffer_to_bytearray(args.CharacteristicValue());
+            callback(payload);
+        };
+
+        // Register the callback.
+        gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_token = gatt_characteristic.ValueChanged(
+            gatt_characteristic_holder.value_changed_callback);
+
+        // Start the notification.
+        auto result = async_get(
+            gatt_characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync(descriptor_value));
+
+        if (result.Status() != GenericAttributeProfile::GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            throw SimpleBLE::Exception::OperationFailed();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+bool PeripheralWindows::_attempt_connect() {
+    gatt_map_.clear();
+
+    return MtaManager::get().execute_sync<bool>([this]() {
+        // We need to cache all services, characteristics and descriptors in the class, else
+        // the underlying objects will be garbage collected.
+        auto services_result = async_get(device_.GetGattServicesAsync(BluetoothCacheMode::Uncached));
+        if (services_result.Status() != GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto gatt_services = services_result.Services();
+        for (GattDeviceService&& service : gatt_services) {
+            // For each service...
+            gatt_service_t gatt_service;
+            gatt_service.obj = service;
+
+            // Save the MTU size
+            mtu_ = service.Session().MaxPduSize();
+
+            // Fetch the service UUID
+            std::string service_uuid = guid_to_uuid(service.Uuid());
+
+            // Fetch the service characteristics
+            auto characteristics_result = async_get(service.GetCharacteristicsAsync(BluetoothCacheMode::Uncached));
+            if (characteristics_result.Status() != GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Load the characteristics into the service
+            auto gatt_characteristics = characteristics_result.Characteristics();
+            for (GattCharacteristic&& characteristic : gatt_characteristics) {
+                // For each characteristic...
+                gatt_characteristic_t gatt_characteristic;
+                gatt_characteristic.obj = characteristic;
+
+                // Fetch the characteristic UUID
+                std::string characteristic_uuid = guid_to_uuid(characteristic.Uuid());
+
+                // Fetch the characteristic descriptors
+                auto descriptors_result = async_get(characteristic.GetDescriptorsAsync(BluetoothCacheMode::Uncached));
+                if (descriptors_result.Status() != GattCommunicationStatus::Success) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // Load the descriptors into the characteristic
+                auto gatt_descriptors = descriptors_result.Descriptors();
+                for (GattDescriptor&& descriptor : gatt_descriptors) {
+                    // For each descriptor...
+                    gatt_descriptor_t gatt_descriptor;
+                    gatt_descriptor.obj = descriptor;
+
+                    // Fetch the descriptor UUID.
+                    std::string descriptor_uuid = guid_to_uuid(descriptor.Uuid());
+
+                    // Append the descriptor to the characteristic.
+                    gatt_characteristic.descriptors.emplace(descriptor_uuid, std::move(gatt_descriptor));
+                }
+
+                // Append the characteristic to the service.
+                gatt_service.characteristics.emplace(characteristic_uuid, std::move(gatt_characteristic));
+            }
+
+            // Append the service to the map.
+            gatt_map_.emplace(service_uuid, std::move(gatt_service));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    });
+}
+
+gatt_characteristic_t& PeripheralWindows::_fetch_characteristic(const BluetoothUUID& service_uuid,
+                                                                const BluetoothUUID& characteristic_uuid) {
+    if (gatt_map_.count(service_uuid) == 0) {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::ServiceNotFound(service_uuid);
+    }
+
+    if (gatt_map_[service_uuid].characteristics.count(characteristic_uuid) == 0) {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::CharacteristicNotFound(characteristic_uuid);
+    }
+
+    return gatt_map_[service_uuid].characteristics.at(characteristic_uuid);
+}
+
+GattDescriptor PeripheralWindows::_fetch_descriptor(const BluetoothUUID& service_uuid,
+                                                    const BluetoothUUID& characteristic_uuid,
+                                                    const BluetoothUUID& descriptor_uuid) {
+    if (gatt_map_.count(service_uuid) == 0) {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::ServiceNotFound(service_uuid);
+    }
+
+    if (gatt_map_[service_uuid].characteristics.count(characteristic_uuid) == 0) {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::CharacteristicNotFound(characteristic_uuid);
+    }
+
+    if (gatt_map_[service_uuid].characteristics[characteristic_uuid].descriptors.count(descriptor_uuid) == 0) {
+        throw SimpleBLE::Exception::DescriptorNotFound(descriptor_uuid);
+    }
+
+    return gatt_map_[service_uuid].characteristics[characteristic_uuid].descriptors.at(descriptor_uuid).obj;
+}

data/vendor/simpleble/simpleble/src/backends/windows/PeripheralWindows.h

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <simpleble/Exceptions.h>
+#include <simpleble/Service.h>
+#include <simpleble/Types.h>
+
+#include "AdapterBaseTypes.h"
+#include "PeripheralBase.h"
+
+#include <kvn_safe_callback.hpp>
+
+#include "winrt/Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile.h"
+#include "winrt/Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.h"
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+using namespace winrt::Windows::Devices::Bluetooth;
+using namespace winrt::Windows::Devices::Bluetooth::GenericAttributeProfile;
+
+namespace SimpleBLE {
+
+struct gatt_descriptor_t {
+    GattDescriptor obj = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct gatt_characteristic_t {
+    GattCharacteristic obj = nullptr;
+    winrt::event_token value_changed_token;
+    std::function<void(const GattCharacteristic& sender, const GattValueChangedEventArgs& args)> value_changed_callback;
+    std::map<BluetoothUUID, gatt_descriptor_t> descriptors;
+};
+
+struct gatt_service_t {
+    GattDeviceService obj = nullptr;
+    std::map<BluetoothUUID, gatt_characteristic_t> characteristics;
+};
+
+class PeripheralWindows : public PeripheralBase {
+  public:
+    PeripheralWindows(BluetoothLEDevice device);
+    PeripheralWindows(advertising_data_t advertising_data);
+    virtual ~PeripheralWindows();
+
+    virtual void* underlying() const override;
+
+    virtual std::string identifier() override;
+    virtual BluetoothAddress address() override;
+    virtual SimpleBLE::BluetoothAddressType address_type() override;
+    virtual int16_t rssi() override;
+    virtual int16_t tx_power() override;
+    virtual uint16_t mtu() override;
+
+    virtual void connect() override;
+    virtual void disconnect() override;
+    virtual bool is_connected() override;
+    virtual bool is_connectable() override;
+    virtual bool is_paired() override;
+    virtual void unpair() override;
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ServiceBase>> available_services() override;
+    virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ServiceBase>> advertised_services() override;
+    virtual std::map<uint16_t, ByteArray> manufacturer_data() override;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    virtual ByteArray read(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic) override;
+    virtual void write_request(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, ByteArray const& data) override;
+    virtual void write_command(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, ByteArray const& data) override;
+    virtual void notify(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback) override;
+    virtual void indicate(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback) override;
+    virtual void unsubscribe(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic) override;
+
+    virtual ByteArray read(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, BluetoothUUID const& descriptor) override;
+    virtual void write(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic, BluetoothUUID const& descriptor, ByteArray const& data) override;
+    // clang-format on
+
+    virtual void set_callback_on_connected(std::function<void()> on_connected) override;
+    virtual void set_callback_on_disconnected(std::function<void()> on_disconnected) override;
+
+    // Internal methods not exposed to the user.
+
+    void update_advertising_data(advertising_data_t advertising_data);
+
+  private:
+    BluetoothLEDevice device_{nullptr};
+
+    // NOTE: Calling device_.Name() or device_.BluetoothAddress() might
+    // cause a crash on some devices.
+    // This is because any operation on the object before it is connected will
+    // initiate a connection, which can then cause further cascading failures.
+    // See:
+    // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/api/windows.devices.bluetooth.bluetoothledevice.frombluetoothaddressasync
+
+    std::string identifier_;
+    BluetoothAddress address_;
+    SimpleBLE::BluetoothAddressType address_type_;
+    int16_t rssi_ = INT16_MIN;
+    int16_t tx_power_ = INT16_MIN;
+    uint16_t mtu_;
+    bool connectable_;
+    winrt::event_token connection_status_changed_token_;
+
+    std::condition_variable disconnection_cv_;
+    std::mutex disconnection_mutex_;
+
+    std::map<BluetoothUUID, gatt_service_t> gatt_map_;
+
+    kvn::safe_callback<void()> callback_on_connected_;
+    kvn::safe_callback<void()> callback_on_disconnected_;
+
+    std::map<uint16_t, SimpleBLE::ByteArray> manufacturer_data_;
+    std::map<BluetoothUUID, SimpleBLE::ByteArray> service_data_;
+
+    bool _attempt_connect();
+
+    gatt_characteristic_t& _fetch_characteristic(const BluetoothUUID& service_uuid,
+                                                 const BluetoothUUID& characteristic_uuid);
+
+    GattDescriptor _fetch_descriptor(const BluetoothUUID& service_uuid, const BluetoothUUID& characteristic_uuid,
+                                     const BluetoothUUID& descriptor_uuid);
+
+    void _subscribe(BluetoothUUID const& service, BluetoothUUID const& characteristic,
+                    std::function<void(ByteArray payload)> callback, GattCharacteristicProperties property,
+                    GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue descriptor_value);
+};
+
+}  // namespace SimpleBLE