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simple-templater 0.0.1

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+<head>
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+  <title>Erubis Users' Guide</title>
+  <meta name="generator" content="kwaser">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="docstyle.css" type="text/css">
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+ <body>
+  <blockquote>
+   <div class="mainbody">
+    <div align="left"><h1>Erubis Users' Guide</h1></div>
+    <div align="left">
+      last update: $Date: 2008-06-13 08:04:21 +0900 (Fri, 13 Jun 2008) $<br>
+    </div>
+<p>release: 2.6.2
+</p>
+<a name="preface"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Preface</h2>
+<p>Erubis is an implementation of eRuby.
+It has the following features.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Very fast, almost three times faster than ERB and about ten percent faster than eruby (implemented in C)
+</li>
+<li>File caching of converted Ruby script support
+</li>
+<li>Auto escaping support
+</li>
+<li>Auto trimming spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'
+</li>
+<li>Embedded pattern changeable (default '&lt;% %&gt;')
+</li>
+<li>Enable to handle Processing Instructions (PI) as embedded pattern (ex. '&lt;?rb ... ?&gt;')
+</li>
+<li>Multi-language support (Ruby/PHP/C/Java/Scheme/Perl/Javascript)
+</li>
+<li>Context object available and easy to combine eRuby template with YAML datafile
+</li>
+<li>Print statement available
+</li>
+<li>Easy to expand and customize in subclass
+</li>
+<li><a href="#rails">Ruby on Rails support</a>
+</li>
+<li>mod_ruby support|#topcs-modruby
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Erubis is implemented in pure Ruby.  It requires Ruby 1.8 or higher.
+Erubis now supports Ruby 1.9.
+</p>
+<a name="toc"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Table of Contents</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="#preface">Preface</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#install">Installation</a>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#tutorial">Tutorial</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#tut-basic">Basic Example</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-trim">Trimming Spaces</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-escape">Escape</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-pattern">Embedded Pattern</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-context">Context Object</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-datafile">Context Data File</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-datastr">Context Data String</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-preamble">Preamble and Postamble</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-pi">Processing Instruction (PI) Converter</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-notext">Retrieve Ruby Code</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#enhancer">Enhancer</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#escape-enhancer">EscapeEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#stdout-enhancer">StdoutEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#printout-enhancer">PrintOutEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#printenabled-enhancer">PrintEnabledEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#array-enhancer">ArrayEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#arraybuffer-enhancer">ArrayBufferEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#stringbuffer-enhancer">StringBufferEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#erbout-enhancer">ErboutEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#notext-enhancer">NoTextEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#nocode-enhancer">NoCodeEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#simplify-enhancer">SimplifyEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#bipattern-enhancer">BiPatternEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#percentline-enhancer">PercentLineEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#headerfooter-enhancer">HeaderFooterEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#interpolation-enhancer">InterpolationEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#deleteindent-enhancer">DeleteIndentEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#lang">Multi-Language Support</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#lang-php">PHP</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#lang-c">C</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#lang-java">Java</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#lang-scheme">Scheme</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#lang-perl">Perl</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#lang-javascript">JavaScript</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#rails">Ruby on Rails Support</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#rails-settings">Settings</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#rails-preprocessing">Preprosessing</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#rails-formhelpers">Form Helpers for Preprocessing</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#rails-others">Others</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#topics">Other Topics</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#'&lt;%= =%&gt;' and '&lt;%= -%&gt;'">'&lt;%= =%&gt;' and '&lt;%= -%&gt;'</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#'&lt;%% %&gt;' and '&lt;%%= %&gt;'">'&lt;%% %&gt;' and '&lt;%%= %&gt;'</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-context-vs-binding">evaluate(context) v.s. result(binding)</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-fasteruby">Class Erubis::FastEruby</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-syntax">Syntax Checking</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-caching">File Caching</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-tinyeruby">Erubis::TinyEruby class</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-php">NoTextEnhancer and NoCodeEnhancer in PHP</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topcs-modruby">Helper Class for mod_ruby</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-defmethod">Define method</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-benchmark">Benchmark</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+  <li><a href="#command">Command Reference</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#command-usage">Usage</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#command-options">Options</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#command-props">Properties</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
+</ul>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="install"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Installation</h2>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>If you have installed RubyGems, just type <code>gem install --remote erubis</code>.
+<pre class="terminal">$ sudo gem install --remote erubis
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Else install <a href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/erubis/">abstract</a> at first,
+   and download erubis_X.X.X.tar.bz2 and install it by setup.rb.
+<pre class="terminal">$ tar xjf abstract_X.X.X.tar.bz2
+$ cd abstract_X.X.X/
+$ sudo ruby setup.rb
+$ cd ..
+$ tar xjf erubis_X.X.X.tar.bz2
+$ cd erubis_X.X.X/
+$ sudo ruby setup.rb
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>(Optional) 'contrib/inline-require' enables you to merge 'lib/**/*.rb' into 'bin/erubis'.
+<pre class="terminal">$ tar xjf erubis_X.X.X.tar.bz2
+$ cd erubis_X.X.X/
+$ unset RUBYLIB
+$ contrib/inline-require -I lib bin/erubis &gt; contrib/erubis
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<br>
+<a name="tutorial"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Tutorial</h2>
+<a name="tut-basic"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Basic Example</h3>
+<p>Here is a basic example of Erubis.
+</p>
+<a name="example1.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example1.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;ul&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;% for item in list %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;li&gt;<strong>&lt;%= item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/li&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;% end %&gt;</strong>
+  <strong>&lt;%# here is ignored because starting with '#' %&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example1.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example1.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example1.eruby')
+eruby = <strong>Erubis::Eruby.new(input)</strong>    # create Eruby object
+puts "---------- script source ---"
+puts <strong>eruby.src</strong>                      # print script source
+puts "---------- result ----------"
+list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
+puts <strong>eruby.result(binding())</strong>        # get result
+## or puts eruby.result(<strong>:list=&gt;list</strong>)  # or pass Hash instead of Binding
+## # or
+## eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new
+## input = File.read('example1.eruby')
+## src = eruby.convert(input)
+## eval src
+</pre>
+<a name="example1.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example1.rb
+---------- script source ---
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
+';   for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
+';   end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/ul&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+---------- result ----------
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;aaa&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;bbb&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;ccc&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Erubis has command 'erubis'.  Command-line option '-x' shows the compiled source code of eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="example1_x.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of command-line option '-x'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-x</strong> example1.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
+';   for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
+';   end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/ul&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-trim"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Trimming Spaces</h3>
+<p>Erubis deletes spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;' automatically, while it leaves spaces around '&lt;%= %&gt;'.
+</p>
+<a name="example2.eruby.comment_filter"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example2.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;% for item in list %&gt;      # trimmed
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;%= item %&gt;               # not trimmed
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;% end %&gt;                   # trimmed
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example2_x.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x example2.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
+';   for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;
+    '; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;/li&gt;
+';   end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/ul&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>If you want leave spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;', add command-line property '--trim=false'.
+</p>
+<a name="example2_trim.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code with command-line property '--trim=false'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <strong>--trim=false</strong> example2.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  '; for item in list ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;
+    '; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;/li&gt;
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  '; end ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/ul&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Or add option <code>:trim=&gt;false</code> to Erubis::Eruby.new().
+</p>
+<a name="example2.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example2.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example2.eruby')
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<strong>, :trim=&gt;false</strong>)
+puts "----- script source ---"
+puts eruby.src                            # print script source
+puts "----- result ----------"
+list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
+puts eruby.result(binding())              # get result
+</pre>
+<a name="example2.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example2.rb
+----- script source ---
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
+'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; '  ';</strong> for item in list ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;
+    '; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;/li&gt;
+'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; '  ';</strong> end ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/ul&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+----- result ----------
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    aaa
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    bbb
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    ccc
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-escape"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Escape</h3>
+<p>Erubis has ability to escape (sanitize) expression.
+Erubis::Eruby class act as the following:
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li><code>&lt;%= <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> -  not escaped.
+</li>
+<li><code>&lt;%== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - escaped.
+</li>
+<li><code>&lt;%=== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - out to $stderr.
+</li>
+<li><code>&lt;%==== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - ignored.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Erubis::EscapedEruby<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> class handle '&lt;%= %&gt;' as escaped and '&lt;%== %&gt;' as not escaped.
+It means that using Erubis::EscapedEruby you can escape expression by default.
+Also Erubis::XmlEruby class (which is equivalent to Erubis::EscapedEruby) is provided for compatibility with Erubis 1.1.
+</p>
+<a name="example3.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example3.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for item in list %&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%=</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%==</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%===</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example3.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example3.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example3.eruby')
+eruby = Erubis::<strong>EscapedEruby</strong>.new(input)    # or Erubis::XmlEruby
+puts "----- script source ---"
+puts eruby.src                             # print script source
+puts "----- result ----------"
+<strong>list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']</strong>
+puts eruby.result(binding())               # get result
+</pre>
+<a name="example3.result.split_filter"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example3.rb 2&gt; stderr.log
+----- script source ---
+_buf = ''; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item )</strong>; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s</strong>; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>$stderr.puts("*** debug: item=#{(item).inspect}")</strong>; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+----- result ----------
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&amp;lt;aaa&amp;gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;aaa&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>b&amp;amp;b</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;b&amp;b&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&amp;quot;ccc&amp;quot;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;"ccc"&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+$ cat stderr.log
+*** debug: item="&lt;aaa&gt;"
+*** debug: item="b&amp;b"
+*** debug: item="\"ccc\""
+</pre>
+<p>The command-line option '-e' will do the same action as Erubis::EscapedEruby.
+This option is available for any language.
+</p>
+<a name="example3_e.result"></a>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l ruby <strong>-e</strong> example3.eruby
+_buf = ''; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; $stderr.puts("*** debug: item=#{(item).inspect}"); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Escaping function (default 'Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml()') can be changed by command-line property '--escapefunc=xxx' or by overriding Erubis::Eruby#escaped_expr() in subclass.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example to override Erubis::Eruby#escaped_expr()</div>
+<pre class="program">class CGIEruby &lt; Erubis::Eruby
+  def <strong>escaped_expr(code)</strong>
+    return "CGI.escapeHTML((#{code.strip}).to_s)"
+    #return "h(#{code.strip})"
+  end
+end
+class LatexEruby &lt; Erubi::Eruby
+  def <strong>escaped_expr(code)</strong>
+    return "(#{code}).gsub(/[%\\]/,'\\\\\&amp;')"
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+<div class="footnote">
+ <dl compact>
+  <dt>(<a name="fnref:1" href="#fnlink:1">*1</a>)</dt>
+  <dd>Erubis::EscapedEruby class includes Erubis::EscapeEnhancer which swtches the action of '&lt;%= %&gt;' and '&lt;%== %&gt;'.</dd>
+ </dl>
+</div>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-pattern"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Embedded Pattern</h3>
+<p>You can change embedded pattern '<code>&lt;% %&gt;</code>' to another by command-line option '-p' or option '<code>:pattern=&gt;...</code>' of Erubis::Eruby.new().
+</p>
+<a name="example4.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example4.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;!--%</strong> for item in list <strong>%--&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;!--%=</strong> item <strong>%--&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;!--%</strong> end <strong>%--&gt;</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="example4_x.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code with command-line option '-p'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <strong>-p '&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</strong> example4.eruby
+_buf = ''; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<a name="example4.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example4.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example4.eruby')
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<strong>, :pattern=&gt;'&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</strong>)
+                                      # or '&lt;(?:!--)?% %(?:--)?&gt;'
+puts "---------- script source ---"
+puts eruby.src                            # print script source
+puts "---------- result ----------"
+list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
+puts eruby.result(binding())              # get result
+</pre>
+<a name="example4.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example4.rb
+---------- script source ---
+_buf = ''; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+---------- result ----------
+  &lt;p&gt;aaa&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;bbb&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;ccc&lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>It is able to specify regular expression with :pattern option.
+Notice that you must use '<code>(?: )</code>' instead of '<code>( )</code>' for grouping.
+For example, '<code>&lt;(!--)?% %(--)?&gt;</code>' will not work while '<code>&lt;(?:!--)?% %(?:--)?&gt;</code>' will work.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-context"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Context Object</h3>
+<p>Context object is a set of data which are used in eRuby script.
+Using context object makes clear which data to be used.
+In Erubis, Hash object and Erubis::Context object are available as context object.
+</p>
+<p>Context data can be accessible via instance variables in eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="example5.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example5.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;span&gt;&lt;%= <strong>@val</strong> %&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;% for item in <strong>@list</strong> %&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;% end %&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example5.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example5.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example5.eruby')
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input)      # create Eruby object
+## create context object
+## (key means var name, which may be string or symbol.)
+<strong>context = {
+  :val   =&gt; 'Erubis Example',
+  'list' =&gt; ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'],
+}</strong>
+## or
+# context = Erubis::Context.new()
+# context['val'] = 'Erubis Example'
+# context[:list] = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'],
+puts <strong>eruby.evaluate(context)</strong>         # get result
+</pre>
+<a name="example5.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example5.rb
+&lt;span&gt;Erubis Example&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;aaa&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;bbb&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;ccc&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>The difference between Erubis#result(binding) and Erubis#evaluate(context) is that the former invokes 'eval @src, binding' and the latter invokes 'context.instance_eval @src'.
+This means that data is passed into eRuby script via local variables when Eruby::binding() is called, or passed via instance variables when Eruby::evaluate() is called.
+</p>
+<p>Here is the definition of Erubis#result() and Erubis#evaluate().
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+definition of result(binding) and evaluate(context)</div>
+<pre class="program">def result(_binding=TOPLEVEL_BINDING)
+  if _binding.is_a?(Hash)
+    # load hash data as local variable
+    _h = _binding
+    _binding = binding()
+    eval _h.collect{|k,v| "#{k} = _h[#{k.inspect}];"}.join, _binding
+  end
+  return <strong>eval(@src, _binding)</strong>
+end
+def evaluate(_context=Erubis::Context.new)
+  if _context.is_a?(Hash)
+    # convert hash object to Context object
+    _hash = _context
+    _context = Erubis::Context.new
+    _hash.each {|k, v| _context[k] = v }
+  end
+  return <strong>_context.instance_eval(@src)</strong>
+end
+</pre>
+<p>instance_eval() is defined at Object class so it is able to use any object as a context object as well as Hash or Erubis::Context.
+</p>
+<a name="example6.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example6.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">class MyData
+  attr_accessor :val, :list
+end
+## any object can be a context object
+<strong>mydata = MyData.new</strong>
+<strong>mydata.val = 'Erubis Example'</strong>
+<strong>mydata.list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']</strong>
+require 'erubis'
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(File.read('example5.eruby'))
+puts eruby.evaluate(<strong>mydata</strong>)
+</pre>
+<a name="example6.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example6.rb
+&lt;span&gt;Erubis Example&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;aaa&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;bbb&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;ccc&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>It is recommended to use 'Erubis::Eruby#evaluate(context)' rather than 'Erubis::Eruby#result(binding())' because the latter has some problems.
+See <a href="#topics-context-vs-binding">evaluate(context) v.s. result(binding)</a> section for details.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-datafile"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Context Data File</h3>
+<p>Command-line option '-f' specifies context data file.
+Erubis load context data file and use it as context data.
+Context data file can be YAML file ('*.yaml' or '*.yml') or Ruby script ('*.rb').
+</p>
+<a name="example7.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example7.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;%= <strong>@title</strong> %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;% for user in <strong>@users</strong> %&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:&lt;%= user['mail']%&gt;"&gt;&lt;%= user['name'] %&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;% end %&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="context.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+context.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>title:</strong> Users List
+<strong>users:</strong>
+  - name:  foo
+    mail:  foo@mail.com
+  - name:  bar
+    mail:  bar@mail.net
+  - name:  baz
+    mail:  baz@mail.org
+</pre>
+<a name="context.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+context.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">@title = 'Users List'
+@users = [
+   { 'name'=&gt;'foo', 'mail'=&gt;'foo@mail.com' },
+   { 'name'=&gt;'bar', 'mail'=&gt;'bar@mail.net' },
+   { 'name'=&gt;'baz', 'mail'=&gt;'baz@mail.org' },
+]
+</pre>
+<a name="example7.result.split_filter"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of command-line option '-f'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-f context.yaml</strong> example7.eruby
+&lt;h1&gt;Users List&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:foo@mail.com"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:bar@mail.net"&gt;bar&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:baz@mail.org"&gt;baz&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+$ erubis <strong>-f context.rb</strong> example7.eruby
+&lt;h1&gt;Users List&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:foo@mail.com"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:bar@mail.net"&gt;bar&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;
+    &lt;a href="mailto:baz@mail.org"&gt;baz&lt;/a&gt;
+  &lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-S' converts keys of mapping in YAML data file from string into symbol.
+Command-line option '-B' invokes 'Erubis::Eruby#result(binding())' instead of 'Erubis::Eruby#evaluate(context)'.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-datastr"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Context Data String</h3>
+<p>Command-line option '-c <em>str</em>' enables you to specify context data in command-line.
+<em>str</em> can be YAML flow-style or Ruby code.
+</p>
+<a name="example8.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example8.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;%= @title %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example8_yaml.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of YAML flow style</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-c '{title: Example, list: [AAA, BBB, CCC]}'</strong> example8.eruby
+&lt;h1&gt;Example&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;AAA&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;BBB&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;CCC&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example8_ruby.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of Ruby code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-c '@title="Example"; @list=%w[AAA BBB CCC]'</strong> example8.eruby
+&lt;h1&gt;Example&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;AAA&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;BBB&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;CCC&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-preamble"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Preamble and Postamble</h3>
+<p>The first line ('_buf = '';') in the compiled source code is called preamble
+and the last line ('_buf.to_s') is called postamble.
+</p>
+<p>Command-line option '-b' skips the output of preamble and postamble.
+</p>
+<a name="example9.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example9.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
+ &lt;b&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example9.result.split_filter"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code with and without command-line option '-b'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x example9.eruby
+<strong>_buf = '';</strong> for item in @list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+<strong>_buf.to_s</strong>
+$ erubis -x <strong>-b</strong> example9.eruby
+ for item in @list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+</pre>
+<p>Erubis::Eruby.new option '<code>:preamble=&gt;false</code>' and '<code>:postamble=&gt;false</code>' also suppress output of preamble or postamle.
+</p>
+<a name="example9.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example9.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example9.eruby')
+eruby1 = Erubis::Eruby.new(input)
+eruby2 = Erubis::Eruby.new(input, <strong>:preamble=&gt;false, :postamble=&gt;false</strong>)
+puts eruby1.src   # print preamble and postamble
+puts "--------------"
+puts eruby2.src   # don't print preamble and postamble
+</pre>
+<a name="example9.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example9.rb
+_buf = ''; for item in @list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+--------------
+ for item in @list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-pi"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Processing Instruction (PI) Converter</h3>
+<p>Erubis can parse Processing Instructions (PI) as embedded pattern.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>'<code>&lt;?rb <em>...</em> ?&gt;</code>' represents Ruby statement.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@{<em>...</em>}@</code>' represents escaped expression value.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@!{<em>...</em>}@</code>' represents normal expression value.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@!!{<em>...</em>}@</code>' prints expression value to standard output.
+</li>
+<li>(experimental) '<code>&lt;%= <em>...</em> %&gt;</code>' is also available to print expression value.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This is more useful than basic embedded pattern ('<code>&lt;% ... &gt;</code>') because PI doesn't break XML or HTML at all.
+For example the following XHTML file is well-formed and HTML validator got no errors on this example.
+</p>
+<a name="example10.xhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example10.xhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0" ?&gt;
+<strong>&lt;?rb
+  lang = 'en'
+  list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']
+?&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html lang="<strong>@!{lang}@</strong>"&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;ul&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;?rb for item in list ?&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;li&gt;<strong>@{item}@</strong>&lt;/li&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;?rb end ?&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>If the command-line property '--pi=<em>name</em>' is specified, erubis command parses input with PI converter.
+If <em>name</em> is omitted then the following name is used according to '-l <em>lang</em>'.
+</p>
+<div align="center">
+<table class="table1" border="1" cellspacing="0">
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <th class="th1">'-l' option</th>
+  <th class="th1">PI name</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l ruby</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?rb ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l php</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?php ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l perl</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?perl ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l java</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?java ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l javascript</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?js ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l scheme</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?scheme ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<a name="example10_x.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <strong>--pi</strong> example10.xhtml
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;?xml version="1.0" ?&gt;
+';
+  lang = 'en'
+  list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;html lang="'; _buf &lt;&lt; (lang).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '"&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;ul&gt;
+';   for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '   &lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml(item); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
+';   end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Expression character can be changeable by command-line property '--embchar=<em>char</em>. Default is '<code>@</code>'.
+</p>
+<p>Use Erubis::PI::Eruby instead of Erubis::Eruby if you want to use PI as embedded pattern.
+</p>
+<a name="example10.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example10.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('example10.xhtml')
+eruby = Erubis::PI::Eruby.new(input)
+print eruby.src
+</pre>
+<a name="example10.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example10.rb
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;?xml version="1.0" ?&gt;
+';
+  lang = 'en'
+  list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;html lang="'; _buf &lt;&lt; (lang).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '"&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;ul&gt;
+';   for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '   &lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml(item); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
+';   end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p><strong>(experimental)</strong> Erubis supports '&lt;%= ... %&gt;' pattern with PI pattern.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example of Rails view template</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tr&gt;
+&lt;?rb for item in @list ?&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;@{item.id}@&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;@{item.name}@&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;
+       <strong>&lt;%=</strong> link_to 'Destroy', {:action=&gt;'destroy', :id=&gt;item.id},
+                       :confirm=&gt;'Are you OK?' <strong>%&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;/td&gt;
+&lt;?rb end ?&gt;
+  &lt;/tr&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="tut-notext"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Retrieve Ruby Code</h3>
+<p>Similar to '-x', ommand-line option '-X' shows converted Ruby source code.
+The difference between '-x' and 'X' is that the former converts text part but the latter ignores it.
+It means that you can retrieve Ruby code from eRuby script by '-X' option.
+</p>
+<p>For example, see the following eRuby script.
+This is some complex, so it is difficult to grasp the program code.
+</p>
+<a name="example11.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example11.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
+&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"&gt;
+&lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+    &lt;% if @list.nil? || @list.empty? %&gt;
+    &lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+    &lt;% else %&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;
+      &lt;tbody&gt;
+        &lt;% @list.each_with_index do |item, i| %&gt;
+        &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF' %&gt;"&gt;
+          &lt;td&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;/tr&gt;
+        &lt;% end %&gt;
+      &lt;/tbody&gt;
+    &lt;/table&gt;
+    &lt;% end %&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-X' extracts only the ruby code from eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="example11.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-X</strong> example11.rhtml
+_buf = '';
+     if @list.nil? || @list.empty?
+     else
+         @list.each_with_index do |item, i|
+                      _buf &lt;&lt; ( i % 2 == 0 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF' ).to_s;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;
+         end
+     end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-C' (<strong>c</strong>mpact) deletes empty lines.
+</p>
+<a name="example11_C.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-XC</strong> example11.rhtml
+_buf = '';
+     if @list.nil? || @list.empty?
+     else
+         @list.each_with_index do |item, i|
+                      _buf &lt;&lt; ( i % 2 == 0 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF' ).to_s;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;
+         end
+     end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Option '-U' (<strong>u</strong>nique) converts empty lines into a line.
+</p>
+<a name="example11_U.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-XU</strong> example11.rhtml
+_buf = '';
+     if @list.nil? || @list.empty?
+     else
+         @list.each_with_index do |item, i|
+                      _buf &lt;&lt; ( i % 2 == 0 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF' ).to_s;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;
+         end
+     end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Option '-N' (<strong>n</strong>umber) adds line number.
+It is available with '-C' or '-U'.
+</p>
+<a name="example11_N.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-XNU</strong> example11.rhtml
+    1:  _buf = '';
+    7:       if @list.nil? || @list.empty?
+    9:       else
+   12:           @list.each_with_index do |item, i|
+   13:                        _buf &lt;&lt; ( i % 2 == 0 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF' ).to_s;
+   14:                 _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;
+   16:           end
+   19:       end
+   22:  _buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-X' is available with PHP script.
+</p>
+<a name="example11.php"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example11.php</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+    &lt;?php if (!$list) { ?&gt;
+    &lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+    &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;
+      &lt;tbody&gt;
+        &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
+        &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+        &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF'; ?&gt;"&gt;
+          &lt;td&gt;&lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;/tr&gt;
+        &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+      &lt;/tbody&gt;
+    &lt;/table&gt;
+    &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example11_php.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -XNU <strong>-l php</strong> <strong>--pi=php</strong> --trim=false example11.php
+    5:      &lt;?php if (!$list) { ?&gt;
+    7:      &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+   10:          &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
+   11:          &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+   12:                       &lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FCC' : '#CCF'; ?&gt;
+   13:                &lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;
+   15:          &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+   18:      &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="enhancer"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Enhancer</h2>
+<p>Enhancer is a module to add a certain feature into Erubis::Eruby class.
+Enhancer may be language-independent or only for Erubis::Eruby class.
+</p>
+<p>To use enhancers, define subclass and include them.
+The folloing is an example to use <a href="#escape-enhancer">EscapeEnhancer</a>, <a href="#percentline-enhancer">PercentLineEnhancer</a>, and <a href="#bipattern-enhancer">BiPatternEnhancer</a>.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">class MyEruby &lt; Erubis::Eruby
+  include EscapeEnhancer
+  include PercentLineEnhancer
+  include BiPatternEnhancer
+end
+</pre>
+<p>You can specify enhancers in command-line with option '-E'.
+The following is an example to use some enhancers in command-line.
+</p>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Escape,PercentLine,BiPattern example.eruby
+</pre>
+<p>The following is the list of enhancers.
+</p>
+<dl class="dl1">
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#escape-enhancer">EscapeEnhander</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Switch '&lt;%= %&gt;' to escaped and '&lt;%== %&gt;' to unescaped.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#stdout-enhancer">StdoutEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Use $stdout instead of array buffer.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#printout-enhancer">PrintOutEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Use "print(...)" statement insead of "_buf &lt;&lt; ...".
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#printenabled-enhancer">PrintEnabledEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Enable to use print() in '&lt;% ... %&gt;'.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#array-enhancer">ArrayEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Return array of string instead of returning string.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#arraybuffer-enhancer">ArrayBufferEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Use array buffer. It is a little slower than StringBufferEnhancer.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#stringbuffer-enhancer">StringBufferEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Use string buffer. This is included in Erubis::Eruby by default.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#erbout-enhancer">ErboutEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Set '_erbout = _buf = "";' to be compatible with ERB.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#notext-enhancer">NoTextEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Print embedded code only and ignore normal text.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#nocode-enhancer">NoCodeEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Print normal text only and ignore code.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#simplify-enhancer">SimplifyEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Make compile faster but don't trim spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#bipattern-enhancer">BiPatternEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	[experimental] Enable to use another embedded pattern with '&lt;% %&gt;'.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#percentline-enhancer">PercentLineEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Regard lines starting with '%' as Ruby code. This is for compatibility with eruby and ERB.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#headerfooter-enhancer">HeaderFooterEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	[experimental] Enable you to add header and footer in eRuby script.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#interpolation-enhancer">InterpolationEnhancer</a> (only for Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	[experimental] convert '&lt;p&gt;&lt;%= text %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;' into '_buf &lt;&lt; %Q`&lt;p&gt;#{text}&lt;/p&gt;`'.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#deleteindent-enhancer">DeleteIndentEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	[experimental] delete indentation of HTML file and eliminate page size.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>If you required 'erubis/engine/enhanced', Eruby subclasses which include each enhancers are defined.
+For example, class BiPatternEruby includes BiPatternEnhancer.
+</p>
+<a name="escape-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">EscapeEnhancer</h3>
+<p>EscapeEnhancer switches '&lt;%= ... %&gt;' to escaped and '&lt;%== ... %&gt;' to unescaped.
+</p>
+<a name="example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;div&gt;
+&lt;% for item in list %&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;&lt;%== item %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="escape_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Escape example.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>EscapeEnhancer is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="stdout-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">StdoutEnhancer</h3>
+<p>StdoutEnhancer use $sdtdout instead of array buffer.
+Therefore, you can use 'print' statement in embedded ruby code.
+</p>
+<a name="stdout_exmple.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Stdout example.eruby
+<strong>_buf = $stdout;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+<strong>''</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>StdoutEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="printout-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">PrintOutEnhancer</h3>
+<p>PrintOutEnhancer makes compiled source code to use 'print(...)' instead of '_buf &lt;&lt; ...'.
+</p>
+<a name="printstatement_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE PrintOut example.eruby
+ <strong>print</strong> '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ <strong>print</strong> '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>print</strong>(( item ).to_s); <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>print</strong> Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+</pre>
+<p>PrintOutEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="printenabled-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">PrintEnabledEnhancer</h3>
+<p>PrintEnabledEnhancer enables you to use print() method in '&lt;% ... %&gt;'.
+</p>
+<a name="printenabled-example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+printenabled-example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>&lt;% print item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="printenabled-example.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+printenabled-example.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+class PrintEnabledEruby &lt; Erubis::Eruby
+  include Erubis::PrintEnabledEnhancer
+end
+input = File.read('printenabled-example.eruby')
+eruby = PrintEnabledEruby.new(input)
+list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
+print eruby.evaluate(:list=&gt;list)
+</pre>
+<a name="printenable_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby printenabled-example.rb
+  &lt;b&gt;aaa&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;bbb&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;ccc&lt;/b&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Notice to use Eruby#evaluate() and not to use Eruby#result(),
+because print() method in '&lt;% ... %&gt;' invokes not Kernel#print() but PrintEnabledEnhancer#print().
+</p>
+<p>PrintEnabledEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="array-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">ArrayEnhancer</h3>
+<p>ArrayEnhancer makes Eruby to return an array of strings.
+</p>
+<a name="array_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Array example.eruby
+<strong>_buf = [];</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+<strong>_buf</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>ArrayEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="arraybuffer-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">ArrayBufferEnhancer</h3>
+<p>ArrayBufferEnhancer makes Eruby to use array buffer.
+Array buffer is a litte slower than String buffer.
+</p>
+<p>ArrayBufferEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<a name="arraybuffer_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE ArrayBuffer example.eruby
+<strong>_buf = [];</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+<strong>_buf.join</strong>
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="stringbuffer-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">StringBufferEnhancer</h3>
+<p>StringBufferEnhancer makes Eruby to use string buffer.
+String buffer is a little faster than array buffer.
+Erubis::Eruby includes this enhancer by default.
+</p>
+<a name="stringbuffer_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE StringBuffer example.eruby
+<strong>_buf = '';</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+<strong>_buf.to_s</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>StringBufferEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="erbout-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">ErboutEnhancer</h3>
+<p>ErboutEnhancer makes Eruby to be compatible with ERB.
+This is useful especially for Ruby on Rails.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Erbout example.eruby
+<strong>_erbout = _buf = '';</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>ErboutEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="notext-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">NoTextEnhancer</h3>
+<p>NoTextEnhancer suppress output of text and prints only embedded code.
+This is useful especially when debugging a complex eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="notext-example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+notext-example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;% if !@list || @list.empty? %&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;% else %&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tbody&gt;
+    &lt;% @list.each_with_index do |item, i| %&gt;
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;%= i%2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    &lt;% end %&gt;
+  &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="notext_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output example of NoTextEnhancer</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE NoText notext-example.eruby
+_buf = '';
+ if !@list || @list.empty?
+ else
+     @list.each_with_index do |item, i|
+                  _buf &lt;&lt; ( i%2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' ).to_s;
+           _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;
+     end
+ end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>NoTextEnhancer is language-independent. It is useful even if you are PHP user, see <a href="#topics-php">this section</a>.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="nocode-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">NoCodeEnhancer</h3>
+<p>NoCodeEnhancer suppress output of embedded code and prints only normal text.
+This is useful especially when validating HTML tags.
+</p>
+<a name="nocode-example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+nocode-example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;% if !@list || @list.empty? %&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;% else %&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tbody&gt;
+    &lt;% @list.each_with_index do |item, i| %&gt;
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;%= i%2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    &lt;% end %&gt;
+  &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="nocode_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output example of NoCodeEnhancer</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE NoCode notext-example.eruby
+&lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tbody&gt;
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=""&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+  &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>NoCodeEnhancer is language-independent. It is useful even if you are PHP user, see <a href="#topics-php">this section</a>.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="simplify-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">SimplifyEnhancer</h3>
+<p>SimplifyEnhancer makes compiling a little faster but don't trim spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'.
+</p>
+<a name="simplify_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Simplify example.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>SimplifyEnhancer is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="bipattern-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">BiPatternEnhancer</h3>
+<p>BiPatternEnhancer enables to use another embedded pattern with '&lt;% %&gt;'.
+By Default, '[= ... =]' is available for expression.
+You can specify pattern by :bipattern property.
+</p>
+<a name="bipattern-example.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+bipattern-example.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for item in list %&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>[= item =]</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>[== item =]</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="bipattern_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE BiPattern bipattern-example.rhtml
+_buf = ''; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>BiPatternEnhancer is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="percentline-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">PercentLineEnhancer</h3>
+<p>PercentLineEnhancer regards lines starting with '%' as Ruby code.
+This is for compatibility with eruby and ERB.
+</p>
+<a name="percentline-example.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+percentline-example.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>% for item in list</strong>
+  &lt;b&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
+<strong>% end</strong>
+%% lines with '%%'
+</pre>
+<a name="percentline_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE PercentLine percentline-example.rhtml
+_buf = ''; <strong>for item in list</strong>
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; <strong>end</strong>
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '% lines with \'%%\'
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>PercentLineEnhancer is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="headerfooter-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">HeaderFooterEnhancer</h3>
+<p>[experimental]
+</p>
+<p>HeaderFooterEnhancer enables you to add header and footer in eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="headerfooter-example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+headerfooter-example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;!--#header:</strong>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
+&lt;% for item in items %&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+<strong>&lt;!--#footer:</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="headerfooter_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE HeaderFooter headerfooter-example.eruby
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+_buf = ''; for item in items
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+'; end
+_buf.to_s
+<strong>end</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>Compare to the following:
+</p>
+<a name="normal-eruby-test.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+normal-eruby-test.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%</strong>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+<strong>%&gt;</strong>
+&lt;% for item in items %&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>%&gt;</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="normal_eruby_test.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x normal-eruby-test.eruby
+_buf = '';
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+ for item in items
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
+'; end
+<strong>end</strong>
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Header and footer can be in any position in eRuby script,
+that is, header is no need to be in the head of eRuby script.
+</p>
+<a name="headerfooter-example2.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+headerfooter-example2.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+<strong>&lt;!--#header:</strong>
+<strong>def page(list)</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
+ :
+<strong>&lt;!--#footer:</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="headerfooter_example2.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE HeaderFooter headerfooter-example2.rhtml
+<strong>def page(list)</strong>
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; ' :
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/html&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+<strong>end</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>HeaderFooterEnhancer is experimental and is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="interpolation-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">InterpolationEnhancer</h3>
+<p>[experimental]
+</p>
+<p>InterpolationEnhancer converts "&lt;h1&gt;&lt;%= title %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;" into
+"_buf &lt;&lt; %Q`&lt;h1&gt;#{ title }&lt;/h1&gt;`".
+This makes Eruby a litter faster because method call of String#&lt;&lt; are eliminated
+by expression interpolations.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+InterpolationEnhancer elmininates method call of String#&lt;&lt;.</div>
+<pre class="program">## Assume that input is '&lt;a href="&lt;%=url%&gt;"&gt;&lt;%=name%&gt;&lt;/a&gt;'.
+## Eruby convert input into the following code.  String#&lt;&lt; is called 5 times.
+_buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;a href="'; _buf &lt;&lt; (url).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '"&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; (name).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/a&gt;';
+## If InterpolationEnhancer is used, String#&lt;&lt; is called only once.
+_buf &lt;&lt; %Q`&lt;a href="#{url}"&gt;#{name}&lt;/a&gt;`;
+</pre>
+<a name="interpolation_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Interpolation example.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>&lt;div&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+ for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>  &lt;p&gt;<strong>#{ item }</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>#{Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item )}</strong>&lt;/p&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+ end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>&lt;/div&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Erubis provides Erubis::FastEruby class which includes InterpolationEnhancer.
+You can use Erubis::FastEruby class instead of Erubis::Eruby class.
+</p>
+<p>InterpolationEnhancer is only for Eruby.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="deleteindent-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">DeleteIndentEnhancer</h3>
+<p>[experimental]
+DeleteIndentEnhancer deletes indentation of HTML file.
+</p>
+<a name="interpolation_example.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE DeleteIndent example.eruby
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+'; for item in list
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+'; end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
+';
+_buf.to_s
+</pre>
+<p>Notice that DeleteIndentEnhancer isn't intelligent.
+It deletes indentations even if they are in &lt;PRE&gt;&lt;/PRE&gt;.
+</p>
+<p>DeleteIndentEnhancer is language-independent.
+</p>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="lang"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Multi-Language Support</h2>
+<p>Erubis supports the following languages<sup>(<a href="#fnref:2" name="fnlink:2">*2</a>)</sup>:
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Ruby
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-php">PHP</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-c">C</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-java">Java</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-scheme">Scheme</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-perl">Perl</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#lang-javascript">JavaScript</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="footnote">
+ <dl compact>
+  <dt>(<a name="fnref:2" href="#fnlink:2">*2</a>)</dt>
+  <dd>If you need template engine in pure PHP/Perl/JavaScript, try <a href="http://www.kuwata-lab.com/tenjin/">Tenjin</a> (<a href="http://www.kuwata-lab.com/tenjin/">http://www.kuwata-lab.com/tenjin/</a>). Tenjin is a very fast and full-featured template engine implemented in pure PHP/Perl/JavaScript.</dd>
+ </dl>
+</div>
+<a name="lang-php"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">PHP</h3>
+<a name="example.ephp"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.ephp</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   &lt;tbody&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;% foreach ($list as $item) { %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;%   $i++; %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>"&lt;%= $i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"</strong>&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%== $item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;/tbody&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example_php.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l php example.ephp
+&lt;&lt;?php ?&gt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello &lt;?php echo $user; ?&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   &lt;tbody&gt;
+&lt;?php     $i = 0; ?&gt;
+&lt;?php     foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+&lt;?php       $i++; ?&gt;
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;?php echo $i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'; ?&gt;"&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;&lt;?php echo $i; ?&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;&lt;?php echo htmlspecialchars($item); ?&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+&lt;?php     } ?&gt;
+   &lt;/tbody&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="lang-c"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">C</h3>
+<a name="example.ec"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.ec</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
+#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    int i;
+%&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= "%s", argv[0] %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   &lt;tbody&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% for (i = 1; i &lt; argc; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= "%d", i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= "%s", argv[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;/tbody&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+    return 0;
+}
+%&gt;</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="example_c.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l c example.ec
+#line 1 "example.ec"
+#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    int i;
+fputs("&lt;html&gt;\n"
+      " &lt;body&gt;\n"
+      "  &lt;p&gt;Hello ", stdout); fprintf(stdout, "%s", argv[0]); fputs("!&lt;/p&gt;\n"
+      "  &lt;table&gt;\n"
+      "   &lt;tbody&gt;\n", stdout);
+     for (i = 1; i &lt; argc; i++) {
+fputs("    &lt;tr bgcolor=\"", stdout); fprintf(stdout, i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF"); fputs("\"&gt;\n"
+      "      &lt;td&gt;", stdout); fprintf(stdout, "%d", i); fputs("&lt;/td&gt;\n"
+      "      &lt;td&gt;", stdout); fprintf(stdout, "%s", argv[i]); fputs("&lt;/td&gt;\n"
+      "    &lt;/tr&gt;\n", stdout);
+     }
+fputs("   &lt;/tbody&gt;\n"
+      "  &lt;/table&gt;\n"
+      " &lt;/body&gt;\n"
+      "&lt;/html&gt;\n", stdout);
+    return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="lang-java"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Java</h3>
+<a name="Example.ejava"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+Example.ejava</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
+import java.util.*;
+public class Example {
+  private String user;
+  private String[] list;
+  public example(String user, String[] list) {
+    this.user = user;
+    this.list = list;
+  }
+  public String view() {
+    StringBuffer _buf = new StringBuffer();
+%&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   &lt;tbody&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>"&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;"</strong>&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%== list[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;/tbody&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+    return _buf.toString();
+  }
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    String[] list = { "&lt;aaa&gt;", "b&amp;b", "\"ccc\"" };
+    Example ex = Example.new("Erubis", list);
+    System.out.print(ex.view());
+  }
+  public static String escape(String s) {
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    for (int i = 0; i &lt; s.length(); i++) {
+      char ch = s.charAt(i);
+      switch (ch) {
+      case '&lt;':   sb.append("&amp;lt;"); break;
+      case '&gt;':   sb.append("&amp;gt;"); break;
+      case '&amp;':   sb.append("&amp;amp;"); break;
+      case '"':   sb.append("&amp;quot;"); break;
+      default:    sb.append(ch);
+      }
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+}
+%&gt;</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="example_java.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -b -l java example.ejava
+import java.util.*;
+public class Example {
+  private String user;
+  private String[] list;
+  public example(String user, String[] list) {
+    this.user = user;
+    this.list = list;
+  }
+  public String view() {
+    StringBuffer _buf = new StringBuffer();
+_buf.append("&lt;html&gt;\n"
+          + " &lt;body&gt;\n"
+          + "  &lt;p&gt;Hello "); _buf.append(user); _buf.append("!&lt;/p&gt;\n"
+          + "  &lt;table&gt;\n"
+          + "   &lt;tbody&gt;\n");
+     for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
+_buf.append("    &lt;tr bgcolor=\""); _buf.append(i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF"); _buf.append("\"&gt;\n"
+          + "     &lt;td&gt;"); _buf.append(i + 1); _buf.append("&lt;/td&gt;\n"
+          + "     &lt;td&gt;"); _buf.append(escape(list[i])); _buf.append("&lt;/td&gt;\n"
+          + "    &lt;/tr&gt;\n");
+     }
+_buf.append("   &lt;/tbody&gt;\n"
+          + "  &lt;/table&gt;\n"
+          + " &lt;body&gt;\n"
+          + "&lt;/html&gt;\n");
+    return _buf.toString();
+  }
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    String[] list = { "&lt;aaa&gt;", "b&amp;b", "\"ccc\"" };
+    Example ex = Example.new("Erubis", list);
+    System.out.print(ex.view());
+  }
+  public static String escape(String s) {
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    for (int i = 0; i &lt; s.length(); i++) {
+      char ch = s.charAt(i);
+      switch (ch) {
+      case '&lt;':   sb.append("&amp;lt;"); break;
+      case '&gt;':   sb.append("&amp;gt;"); break;
+      case '&amp;':   sb.append("&amp;amp;"); break;
+      case '"':   sb.append("&amp;quot;"); break;
+      default:    sb.append(ch);
+      }
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+}
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="lang-scheme"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Scheme</h3>
+<a name="example.escheme"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.escheme</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+(let ((user "Erubis")
+      (items '("&lt;aaa&gt;" "b&amp;b" "\"ccc\""))
+      (i 0))
+ %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+  (for-each
+   (lambda (item)
+     (set! i (+ i 1))
+ %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= (if (= (modulo i 2) 0) "#FFCCCC" "#CCCCFF") %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+   ) ; lambda end
+   items) ; for-each end
+ %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%
+) ; let end
+%&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example_scheme.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l scheme example.escheme
+(let ((_buf '())) (define (_add x) (set! _buf (cons x _buf))) (_add "&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;\n")
+(let ((user "Erubis")
+      (items '("&lt;aaa&gt;" "b&amp;b" "\"ccc\""))
+      (i 0))
+(_add "  &lt;p&gt;Hello ")(_add user)(_add "!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;\n")
+  (for-each
+   (lambda (item)
+     (set! i (+ i 1))
+(_add "   &lt;tr bgcolor=\"")(_add (if (= (modulo i 2) 0) "#FFCCCC" "#CCCCFF"))(_add "\"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;")(_add i)(_add "&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;")(_add item)(_add "&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;\n")
+   ) ; lambda end
+   items) ; for-each end
+(_add "  &lt;/table&gt;\n")
+) ; let end
+(_add " &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;\n")
+  (reverse _buf))
+</pre>
+<a name="example_scheme_display.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code (with <code>--func=display</code> property)</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l scheme --func=display example.escheme
+(display "&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;\n")
+(let ((user "Erubis")
+      (items '("&lt;aaa&gt;" "b&amp;b" "\"ccc\""))
+      (i 0))
+(display "  &lt;p&gt;Hello ")(display user)(display "!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;\n")
+  (for-each
+   (lambda (item)
+     (set! i (+ i 1))
+(display "   &lt;tr bgcolor=\"")(display (if (= (modulo i 2) 0) "#FFCCCC" "#CCCCFF"))(display "\"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;")(display i)(display "&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;")(display item)(display "&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;\n")
+   ) ; lambda end
+   items) ; for-each end
+(display "  &lt;/table&gt;\n")
+) ; let end
+(display " &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;\n")
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="lang-perl"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Perl</h3>
+<a name="example.eperl"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.eprl</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
+   my $user = 'Erubis';
+   my @list = ('&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"');
+%&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   <strong>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</strong>
+   <strong>&lt;% for $item (@list) { %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>&lt;%= ++$i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;
+   <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example_perl.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l perl example.eperl
+use HTML::Entities;
+   my $user = 'Erubis';
+   my @list = ('&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"');
+print('&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello '); print($user); print('!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+');     $i = 0;
+    for $item (@list) {
+print('   &lt;tr bgcolor='); print(++$i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'); print('"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;'); print($i); print('&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;'); print($item); print('&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;
+');     }
+print('  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+');
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="lang-javascript"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">JavaScript</h3>
+<a name="example.ejs"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.ejs</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
+   var user = 'Erubis';
+   var list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"'];
+ %&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+   &lt;tbody&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% var i; %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;% for (i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= list[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;/tbody&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="example_js.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+compiled source code</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l js example.ejs
+var _buf = [];
+   var user = 'Erubis';
+   var list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"'];
+_buf.push("&lt;html&gt;\n\
+ &lt;body&gt;\n\
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello "); _buf.push(user); _buf.push("!&lt;/p&gt;\n\
+  &lt;table&gt;\n\
+   &lt;tbody&gt;\n");
+     var i;
+     for (i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
+_buf.push("    &lt;tr bgcolor=\""); _buf.push(i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'); _buf.push("\"&gt;\n\
+     &lt;td&gt;"); _buf.push(i + 1); _buf.push("&lt;/td&gt;\n\
+     &lt;td&gt;"); _buf.push(list[i]); _buf.push("&lt;/td&gt;\n\
+    &lt;/tr&gt;\n");
+     }
+_buf.push("   &lt;/tbody&gt;\n\
+  &lt;/table&gt;\n\
+ &lt;/body&gt;\n\
+&lt;/html&gt;\n");
+document.write(_buf.join(""));
+</pre>
+<p>If command-line option '<code>--docwrite=false</code>' is specified,
+'<code>_buf.join("");</code>' is used instead of '<code>document.write(_buf.join(""));</code>'.
+This is useful when passing converted source code to eval() function in JavaScript.
+</p>
+<p>You can pass <code>:docwrite=&gt;false</code> to Erubis::Ejavascript.new() in your Ruby script.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">s = File.read('example.jshtml')
+engine = Erubis::Ejavascript.new(s, <code>:docwrite=&gt;false</code>)
+</pre>
+<p>If you want to specify any JavaScript code, use '--postamble=...'.
+</p>
+<p>Notice that default value of 'docwrite' property will be false in the future release.
+</p>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="rails"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Ruby on Rails Support</h2>
+<p>Erubis supports Ruby on Rails.
+This section describes how to use Erubis with Ruby on Rails.
+</p>
+<a name="rails-settings"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Settings</h3>
+<p>Add the following code to your 'config/environment.rb' and restart web server.
+This replaces ERB in Rails by Erubis entirely.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+config/environment.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis/helpers/rails_helper'
+#Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.engine_class = Erubis::Eruby # or Erubis::FastEruby
+#Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.init_properties = {}
+#Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.show_src = nil
+#Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.preprocessing = false
+</pre>
+<p>Options:
+</p>
+<dl class="dl2">
+<dt class="dt2">
+Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.engine_class (=Erubis::Eruby)</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Erubis engine class (default Erubis::Eruby).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt2">
+Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.init_properties (={})</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Optional arguments for Erubis::Eruby#initialize() method (default {}).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt2">
+Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.show_src (=nil)</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Whether to print converted Ruby code into log file.
+	If true, Erubis prints coverted code into log file.
+	If false, Erubis doesn't.
+	If nil, Erubis prints when ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'development'.
+	Default is nil.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt2">
+Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.preprocessing (=false)</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Enable preprocessing if true (default false).
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<br>
+<a name="rails-preprocessing"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Preprosessing</h3>
+<p>Erubis supports preprocessing of template files.
+Preprocessing make your Ruby on Rails application about 20-40 percent faster.
+To enable preprocessing, set Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.preprocessing to true in your 'environment.rb' file.
+</p>
+<p>For example, assume the following template.
+This is slow because link_to() method is called every time when template is rendered.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;%= link_to 'Create', :action=&gt;'create' %&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>The following is faster than the above, but not flexible because url is fixed.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;a href="/users/create"&gt;Create&lt;/a&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Preprocessing solves this problem.
+If you use '[%= %]' instead of '&lt;%= %&gt;', preprocessor evaluate it only once when template is loaded.
+</p>
+<pre class="program"><strong>[%= link_to 'Create', :action=&gt;'create'%]</strong>
+</pre>
+<p>The above is evaluated by preprocessor and replaced to the following code automatically.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;a href="/users/create"&gt;Create&lt;/a&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Notice that this is done only once when template file is loaded.
+It means that link_to() method is not called when template is rendered.
+</p>
+<p>If link_to() method have variable arguments, use <code>_?()</code> helper method.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for user in @users %&gt;
+[%= link_to <strong>_?('user.name')</strong>, :action=&gt;'show', :id=&gt;<strong>_?('user.id')</strong> %]
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>The above is evaluated by preprocessor when template is loaded and expanded into the following code.
+This will be much faster because link_to() method is not called when rendering.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for user in @users %&gt;
+&lt;a href="/users/show/<strong>&lt;%=user.id%&gt;</strong>"&gt;<strong>&lt;%=user.name%&gt;</strong>&lt;/a&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Preprocessing statement (<code>[% %]</code>) is also available as well as preprocessing expression (<code>[%= %]</code>).
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;select name="state"&gt;
+  &lt;option value=""&gt;-&lt;/option&gt;
+<strong>[% for code in states.keys.sort %]</strong>
+  &lt;option value="<strong>[%= code %]</strong>"&gt;<strong>[%= states[code] %]</strong>&lt;/option&gt;
+<strong>[% end %]</strong>
+&lt;/select&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>The above will be evaluated by preprocessor and expanded into the following when template is loaded.
+In the result, rendering speed will be much faster because for-loop is not executed when rendering.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;select name="state"&gt;
+  &lt;option value=""&gt;-&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="AK"&gt;Alaska&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="AL"&gt;Alabama&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="AR"&gt;Arkansas&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="AS"&gt;American Samoa&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="AZ"&gt;Arizona&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="CA"&gt;California&lt;/option&gt;
+  &lt;option value="CO"&gt;Colorado&lt;/option&gt;
+   ....
+&lt;/select&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Notice that it is not recommended to use preprocessing with tag helpers,
+because tag helpers generate different html code when form parameter has errors or not.
+</p>
+<p>Helper methods of Ruby on Rails are divided into two groups.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>link_to() or _() (method of gettext package) are not need to call for every time
+   as template is rendered because it returns same value when same arguments are passed.
+   These methods can be got faster by preprocessing.
+</li>
+<li>Tag helper methods should be called for every time as template is rendered
+   because it may return differrent value even if the same arguments are passed.
+   Preprocessing is not available with these methods.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>In Ruby on Rails 2.0, <code>_?('user_id')</code> is OK but <code>_?('user.id')</code> is NG
+because the latter contains period ('.') character.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">&lt;!-- NG in Rails 2.0, because _?('') contains period --&gt;
+[%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(<strong>_?('@user.id')</strong>) %]
+[%= link_to 'Show', <strong>@user</strong> %]
+[%= link_to 'Delete', <strong>@user</strong>, :confirm=&gt;'OK?', :method=&gt;:delete %]
+&lt;!-- OK in Rails 2.0 --&gt;
+<strong>&lt;%= user_id = @user.id %&gt;</strong>
+[%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(<strong>_?('user_id')</strong>) %]
+[%= link_to 'Show', <strong>:action=&gt;'show', :id=&gt;_?('user_id')</strong> %]
+[%= link_to 'Delete', <strong>{:action=&gt;'destroy', :id=&gt;_?('user_id')}</strong>,
+                      {:confirm=&gt;'OK?', :method=&gt;:delete} %]
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="rails-formhelpers"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Form Helpers for Preprocessing</h3>
+<p><strong>(Experimental)</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Erubis provides form helper methods for preprocessing.
+These are defined in 'erubis/helpers/rails_form_helper.rb'.
+If you want to use it, require it and include Erubis::Helpers::RailsFormHelper in 'app/helpers/applition_helper.rb'
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+app/helpers/xxx_helper.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis/helpers/rails_form_helper'
+module ApplicationHelper
+  include Erubis::Helpers::RailsFormHelper
+end
+</pre>
+<p>Form helper methods defined in Erubis::Helpers::RailsFormHelper are named as 'pp_xxxx'
+('pp' represents preprocessing).
+</p>
+<p>Assume the following view template:
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+_form.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program"> &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: &lt;%= text_field :user, :name %&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: <strong>[%= pp_text_field :user, :name %]</strong>
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Erubis preprocessor converts it to the following eRuby string:
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+preprocessed</div>
+<pre class="program"> &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: &lt;%= text_field :user, :name %&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: <strong>&lt;input id="stock_name" name="stock[name]" size="30" type="text" value="&lt;%=h @stock.name%&gt;" /&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Erubis converts it to the following Ruby code:
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+Ruby code</div>
+<pre class="program"> _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: '; _buf &lt;&lt; ( text_field :stock, :name ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '
+'; _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+  Name: &lt;input id="stock_name" name="stock[name]" size="30" type="text" value="'; _buf &lt;&lt; (h @stock.name).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '" /&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+';
+</pre>
+<p>The above Ruby code shows that text_field() is called everytime when rendering,
+but pp_text_field() is called only once when template is loaded.
+This means that pp_text_field() with preprocessing makes view layer very fast.
+</p>
+<p>Module Erubis::Helpers::RailsFormHelper defines the following form helper methods.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>pp_render_partial(basename)
+</li>
+<li>pp_form_tag(url_for_options={}, options={}, *parameters_for_url, &amp;block)
+</li>
+<li>pp_text_field(object_name, method, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_password_field(object_name, method, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_hidden_field(object_name, method, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_file_field(object_name, method, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_text_area(object_name, method, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_check_box(object_name, method, options={}, checked_value="1", unchecked_value="0")
+</li>
+<li>pp_radio_button(object_name, method, tag_value, options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_select(object, method, collection, options={}, html_options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_collection_select(object, method, collection, value_method, text_method, options={}, html_options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_country_select(object, method, priority_countries=nil, options={}, html_options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_time_zone_select(object, method, priority_zones=nil, options={}, html_options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_submit_tag(value="Save changes", options={})
+</li>
+<li>pp_image_submit_tag(source, options={})
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Notice that pp_form_for() is not provided.
+</p>
+<p><span style="color:#FF0000">CAUTION:</span> These are experimental and may not work in Ruby on Rails 2.0.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="rails-others"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Others</h3>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>ActionView::Helpers::CaptureHelper#capture() and ActionView::Helpers::Texthelper#concat() are available.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Form helper methods are not tested in Ruby on Rails 2.0.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>ERB::Util.h() is redefined if you require 'erubis/helpers/rails_helper.rb'.
+   Original definition of ERB::Util.h() is the following and it is slow
+   because it scans string four times.
+<pre class="program"> def html_escape(s)
+   s.to_s.gsub(/&amp;/, "&amp;amp;").gsub(/\"/, "&amp;quot;").gsub(/&gt;/, "&amp;gt;").gsub(/&lt;/, "&amp;lt;")
+ end
+ alias h html_escape
+</pre>
+<p>   New definition in 'erubis/helpers/rails_helper.rb' is faster than the above
+   because it scans string only once.
+</p>
+<pre class="program"> ESCAPE_TABLE = { '&amp;'=&gt;'&amp;amp;', '&lt;'=&gt;'&amp;lt;', '&gt;'=&gt;'&amp;gt;', '"'=&gt;'&amp;quot;', "'"=&gt;'&amp;#039;', }
+ def h(value)
+   value.to_s.gsub(/[&amp;&lt;&gt;"]/) { |s| ESCAPE_TABLE[s] }
+ end
+</pre>
+<p>   Notice that the new definition may be slow if string contains
+   many '&lt; &gt; &amp; "' characters because block is call many time.
+   You should use ERB::Util.html_hscape() if string contains a lot of '&lt; &gt; &amp; "'
+   characters.
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="topics"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Other Topics</h2>
+<a name="'&lt;%= =%&gt;' and '&lt;%= -%&gt;'"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">'&lt;%= =%&gt;' and '&lt;%= -%&gt;'</h3>
+<p>Since 2.6.0, '&lt;%= -%&gt;' remove tail spaces and newline.
+This is for compatibiliy with ERB when trim mode is '-'.
+'&lt;%= =%&gt;' also removes tail spaces and newlines, and this is
+Erubis-original enhancement (cooler than '&lt;%= -%&gt;', isn't it?).
+</p>
+<a name="tailnewline.rhtml.comment_filter"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+tailnewline.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;div&gt;
+&lt;%= @var -%&gt;          # or &lt;%= @var =%&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result (version 2.5.0):</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -c '{var: "AAA\n"}' tailnewline.rhtml
+&lt;div&gt;
+AAA
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="tail_260.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result (version 2.6.0):</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -c '{var: "AAA\n"}' tailnewline.rhtml
+&lt;div&gt;
+AAA
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="'&lt;%% %&gt;' and '&lt;%%= %&gt;'"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">'&lt;%% %&gt;' and '&lt;%%= %&gt;'</h3>
+<p>Since 2.6.0, '&lt;%% %&gt;' and '&lt;%%= %&gt;' are converted into '&lt;% %&gt;' and '&lt;%= %&gt;' respectively.
+This is for compatibility with ERB.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+doublepercent.rhtml:</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;%% for item in @list %&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;&lt;%%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;%% end %&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result:</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis doublepercent.rhtml
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
+  &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-context-vs-binding"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">evaluate(context) v.s. result(binding)</h3>
+<p>It is recommended to use 'Erubis::Eruby#evaluate(context)' instead of 'Erubis::Eruby#result(binding)' because Ruby's Binding object has some problems.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>It is not able to specify variables to use.
+   Using binding() method, all of local variables are passed to templates.
+</li>
+<li>Changing local variables in templates may affect to varialbes in main program.
+   If you assign '10' to local variable 'x' in templates, it may change variable 'x' in main program unintendedly.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The following example shows that assignment of some values into variable 'x' in templates affect to local variable 'x' in main program unintendedly.
+</p>
+<a name="template1.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+template1.rhtml (intended to be passed 'items' from main program)</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for <strong>x</strong> in <strong>items</strong> %&gt;
+item = &lt;%= x %&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+** debug: local variables=&lt;%= local_variables().inspect() %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="main_program1.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+main_program1.rb (intended to pass 'items' to template)</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(File.read('template1.rhtml'))
+items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+x = 1
+## local variable 'x' and 'eruby' are passed to template as well as 'items'!
+print <strong>eruby.result(binding())</strong>
+## local variable 'x' is changed unintendedly because it is changed in template!
+puts "** debug: x=#{x.inspect}"  #=&gt; "baz"
+</pre>
+<a name="main_program1.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+Result:</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby main_program1.rb
+item = foo
+item = bar
+item = baz
+** debug: local variables=["eruby", "items", "x", "_buf"]
+** debug: x="baz"
+</pre>
+<p>This problem is caused because Ruby's Binding class is poor to use in template engine.
+Binding class should support the following features.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">b = Binding.new     # create empty Binding object
+b['x'] = 1          # set local variables using binding object
+</pre>
+<p>But the above features are not implemented in Ruby.
+</p>
+<p>A pragmatic solution is to use 'Erubis::Eruby#evaluate(context)' instead of 'Erubis::Eruby#result(binding)'.
+'evaluate(context)' uses Erubis::Context object and instance variables instead of Binding object and local variables.
+</p>
+<a name="template2.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+template2.rhtml (intended to be passed '@items' from main program)</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;% for <strong>x</strong> in <strong>@items</strong> %&gt;
+item = &lt;%= x %&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+** debug: local variables=&lt;%= local_variables().inspect() %&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="main_program2.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+main_program2.rb (intended to pass '@items' to template)</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(File.read('template2.rhtml'))
+items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+x = 1
+## only 'items' are passed to template
+print <strong>eruby.evaluate(:items=&gt;items)</strong>
+## local variable 'x' is not changed!
+puts "** debug: x=#{x.inspect}"  #=&gt; 1
+</pre>
+<a name="main_program2.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+Result:</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby main_program2.rb
+item = foo
+item = bar
+item = baz
+** debug: local variables=["_context", "x", "_buf"]
+** debug: x=1
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-fasteruby"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Class Erubis::FastEruby</h3>
+<p>[experimental]
+</p>
+<p>Erubis provides Erubis::FastEruby class which includes <a href="#interpolation-enhancer">InterpolationEnhancer</a> and <a href="#topics-benchmark">works faster than Erubis::Eruby class</a>.
+If you desire more speed, try Erubis::FastEruby class.
+</p>
+<a name="fasteruby.rhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+File 'fasteruby.rhtml':</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h1&gt;&lt;%== @title %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;
+&lt;% i = 0 %&gt;
+&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
+&lt;%   i += 1 %&gt;
+      &lt;tr&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;&lt;%= i %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;&lt;%== item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;/tr&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+    &lt;/table&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<a name="fasteruby.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+File 'fasteruby.rb':</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+input = File.read('fasteruby.rhtml')
+eruby = <strong>Erubis::FastEruby.new(input)</strong>    # create Eruby object
+puts "---------- script source ---"
+puts eruby.src
+puts "---------- result ----------"
+context = { :title=&gt;'Example', :list=&gt;['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'] }
+output = eruby.evaluate(context)
+print output
+</pre>
+<a name="fasteruby.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby fasteruby.rb
+---------- script source ---
+_buf = ''; _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h1&gt;<strong>#{Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( @title )}</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+ i = 0
+ for item in @list
+   i += 1
+ _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>      &lt;tr&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;<strong>#{ i }</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;<strong>#{Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item )}</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;/tr&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+ end
+ _buf &lt;&lt; <strong>%Q`</strong>    &lt;/table&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;\n<strong>`</strong>
+_buf.to_s
+---------- result ----------
+&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h1&gt;Example&lt;/h1&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;
+      &lt;tr&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;aaa&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;/tr&gt;
+      &lt;tr&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;bbb&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;/tr&gt;
+      &lt;tr&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;td&gt;ccc&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;/tr&gt;
+    &lt;/table&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-syntax"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Syntax Checking</h3>
+<p>Command-line option '-z' checks syntax. It is similar to 'erubis -x file.rhtml | ruby -wc', but it can take several file names.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of command-line option '-z'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-z</strong> app/views/*/*.rhtml
+Syntax OK
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-caching"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">File Caching</h3>
+<p>Erubis::Eruby.load_file(filename) convert file into Ruby script and return Eruby object.
+In addition, it caches converted Ruby script into cache file (filename + '.cache') if cache file is old or not exist.
+If cache file exists and is newer than eruby file, Erubis::Eruby.load_file() loads cache file.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example of Erubis::Eruby.load_file()</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+filename = 'example.rhtml'
+eruby = <strong>Erubis::Eruby.load_file(filename)</strong>
+cachename = filename + '.cache'
+if test(?f, cachename)
+  puts "*** cache file '#{cachename}' created."
+end
+</pre>
+<p>Since 2.6.0, it is able to specify cache filename.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+specify cache filename.</div>
+<pre class="program">filename = 'example.rhtml'
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.load_file(filename, :cachename=&gt;filename+'.cache')
+</pre>
+<p>Caching makes Erubis about 40-50 percent faster than no-caching.
+See <a href="#topics-benchmark">benchmark</a> for details.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-tinyeruby"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Erubis::TinyEruby class</h3>
+<p>Erubis::TinyEruby class in 'erubis/tiny.rb' is the smallest implementation of eRuby.
+If you don't need any enhancements of Erubis and only require simple eRuby implementation,
+try Erubis::TinyEruby class.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-php"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">NoTextEnhancer and NoCodeEnhancer in PHP</h3>
+<p>NoTextEnhancer and NoCodEnahncer are quite useful not only for eRuby but also for PHP.
+The former "drops" HTML text and show up embedded Ruby/PHP code
+and the latter drops embedded Ruby/PHP code and leave HTML text.
+</p>
+<p>For example, see the following PHP script.
+</p>
+<a name="notext-example.php"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+notext-example.php</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+    &lt;?php if (!$list || count($list) == 0) { ?&gt;
+    &lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+    &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+    &lt;table&gt;
+      &lt;tbody&gt;
+        &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
+        &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+        &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'; ?&gt;"&gt;
+          &lt;td&gt;&lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+        &lt;/tr&gt;
+        &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+      &lt;/tbody&gt;
+    &lt;/table&gt;
+    &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>This is complex because PHP code and HTML document are mixed.
+NoTextEnhancer can separate PHP code from HTML document.
+</p>
+<a name="notext-php.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of using NoTextEnhancer with PHP file</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l php --pi=php -N -E NoText --trim=false notext-example.php
+    1:
+    2:
+    3:
+    4:      &lt;?php if (!$list || count($list) == 0) { ?&gt;
+    5:
+    6:      &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+    7:
+    8:
+    9:          &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
+   10:          &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+   11:                       &lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'; ?&gt;
+   12:                &lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;
+   13:
+   14:          &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+   15:
+   16:
+   17:      &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+   18:
+   19:
+</pre>
+<p>In the same way, NoCodeEnhancer can extract HTML tags.
+</p>
+<a name="nocode-php.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of using NoCodeEnhancer with PHP file</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l php --pi=php -N -E NoCode --trim=false notext-example.php
+    1:  &lt;html&gt;
+    2:    &lt;body&gt;
+    3:      &lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+    4:
+    5:      &lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+    6:
+    7:      &lt;table&gt;
+    8:        &lt;tbody&gt;
+    9:
+   10:
+   11:          &lt;tr bgcolor=""&gt;
+   12:            &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+   13:          &lt;/tr&gt;
+   14:
+   15:        &lt;/tbody&gt;
+   16:      &lt;/table&gt;
+   17:
+   18:    &lt;/body&gt;
+   19:  &lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topcs-modruby"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Helper Class for mod_ruby</h3>
+<p>Thanks Andrew R Jackson, he developed 'erubis-run.rb' which enables you to use Erubis with mod_ruby.
+</p>
+<ol type="1">
+<li>Copy 'erubis-2.6.2/contrib/erubis-run.rb' to the 'RUBYLIBDIR/apache' directory (for example '/usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/apache') which contains 'ruby-run.rb', 'eruby-run.rb', and so on.
+<pre class="terminal">$ cd erubis-2.6.2/
+$ sudo copy contrib/erubis-run.rb /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>Add the following example to your 'httpd.conf' (for example '/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf')
+<pre class="program">LoadModule ruby_module modules/mod_ruby.so
+&lt;IfModule mod_ruby.c&gt;
+  RubyRequire apache/ruby-run
+  RubyRequire apache/eruby-run
+  RubyRequire apache/erubis-run
+  &lt;Location /erubis&gt;
+    SetHandler ruby-object
+    RubyHandler Apache::ErubisRun.instance
+  &lt;/Location&gt;
+  &lt;Files *.rhtml&gt;
+    SetHandler ruby-object
+    RubyHandler Apache::ErubisRun.instance
+  &lt;/Files&gt;
+&lt;/IfModule&gt;
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>Restart Apache web server.
+<pre class="terminal">$ sudo /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
+$ sudo /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>Create *.rhtml file, for example:
+<pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  Now is &lt;%= Time.now %&gt;
+  Erubis version is &lt;%= Erubis::VERSION %&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>Change mode of your directory to be writable by web server process.
+<pre class="terminal">$ cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/erubis
+$ sudo chgrp daemon .
+$ sudo chmod 775 .
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li>Access the *.rhtml file and you'll get the web page.
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>You must set your directories to be writable by web server process, because
+Apache::ErubisRun calls Erubis::Eruby.load_file() internally which creates cache files
+in the same directory in which '*.rhtml' file exists.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-defmethod"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Define method</h3>
+<p>Erubis::Eruby#def_method() defines instance method or singleton method.
+</p>
+<a name="def_method.rb"></a>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis'
+s = "hello &lt;%= name %&gt;"
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(s)
+filename = 'hello.rhtml'
+## define instance method to Dummy class (or module)
+class Dummy; end
+<strong>eruby.def_method(Dummy, 'render(name)', filename)</strong>  # filename is optional
+p Dummy.new.render('world')    #=&gt; "hello world"
+## define singleton method to dummy object
+obj = Object.new
+<strong>eruby.def_method(obj, 'render(name)', filename)</strong>    # filename is optional
+p obj.render('world')          #=&gt; "hello world"
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="topics-benchmark"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Benchmark</h3>
+<p>A benchmark script is included in Erubis package at 'erubis-2.6.2/benchark/' directory.
+Here is an example result of benchmark.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+MacOS X 10.4 Tiger, Intel CoreDuo 1.83GHz, Ruby1.8.6, eruby1.0.5, gcc4.0.1</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ cd erubis-2.6.2/benchmark/
+$ ruby bench.rb -n 10000 -m execute
+*** ntimes=10000, testmode=execute
+                                    user     system      total        real
+eruby                          12.720000   0.240000  <strong>12.960000</strong> ( 12.971888)
+ERB                            36.760000   0.350000  <strong>37.110000</strong> ( 37.112019)
+ERB(cached)                    11.990000   0.440000  <strong>12.430000</strong> ( 12.430375)
+Erubis::Eruby                  10.840000   0.300000  <strong>11.140000</strong> ( 11.144426)
+Erubis::Eruby(cached)           7.540000   0.410000   <strong>7.950000</strong> (  7.969305)
+Erubis::FastEruby              10.440000   0.300000  <strong>10.740000</strong> ( 10.737808)
+Erubis::FastEruby(cached)       6.940000   0.410000   <strong>7.350000</strong> (  7.353666)
+Erubis::TinyEruby               9.550000   0.290000   9.840000 (  9.851729)
+Erubis::ArrayBufferEruby       11.010000   0.300000  11.310000 ( 11.314339)
+Erubis::PrintOutEruby          11.640000   0.290000  11.930000 ( 11.942141)
+Erubis::StdoutEruby            11.590000   0.300000  11.890000 ( 11.886512)
+</pre>
+<p>This shows that...
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Erubis::Eruby runs more than 10 percent faster than eruby.
+</li>
+<li>Erubis::Eruby runs about 3 times faster than ERB.
+</li>
+<li>Caching (by Erubis::Eruby.load_file()) makes Erubis about 40-50 percent faster.
+</li>
+<li>Erubis::FastEruby is a litte faster than Erubis::Eruby.
+</li>
+<li>Array buffer (ArrayBufferEnhancer) is a little slower than string buffer (StringBufferEnhancer which Erubis::Eruby includes)
+</li>
+<li>$stdout and print() make Erubis a little slower.
+</li>
+<li>Erubis::TinyEruby (at 'erubis/tiny.rb') is the fastest in all eRuby implementations when no caching.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Escaping HTML characters (such as '&lt; &gt; &amp; "') makes Erubis more faster than eruby and ERB,
+because Erubis::XmlHelper#escape_xml() works faster than CGI.escapeHTML() and ERB::Util#h().
+The following shows that Erubis runs more than 40 percent (when no-cached) or 90 percent (when cached) faster than eruby if HTML characters are escaped.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+When escaping HTML characters with option '-e'</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby bench.rb -n 10000 -m execute -ep
+*** ntimes=10000, testmode=execute
+                                    user     system      total        real
+eruby                          21.700000   0.290000  <strong>21.990000</strong> ( 22.050687)
+ERB                            45.140000   0.390000  <strong>45.530000</strong> ( 45.536976)
+ERB(cached)                    20.340000   0.470000  <strong>20.810000</strong> ( 20.822653)
+Erubis::Eruby                  14.830000   0.310000  <strong>15.140000</strong> ( 15.147930)
+Erubis::Eruby(cached)          11.090000   0.420000  <strong>11.510000</strong> ( 11.514954)
+Erubis::FastEruby              14.850000   0.310000  <strong>15.160000</strong> ( 15.172499)
+Erubis::FastEruby(cached)      10.970000   0.430000  <strong>11.400000</strong> ( 11.399605)
+Erubis::ArrayBufferEruby       14.970000   0.300000  15.270000 ( 15.281061)
+Erubis::PrintOutEruby          15.780000   0.300000  16.080000 ( 16.088289)
+Erubis::StdoutEruby            15.840000   0.310000  16.150000 ( 16.235338)
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="command"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Command Reference</h2>
+<a name="command-usage"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Usage</h3>
+<p>erubis [..options..] [<em>file</em> ...]
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="command-options"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Options</h3>
+  <dl class="dl3" compact>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-h, --help    </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Help.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-v            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Release version.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-x            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Show compiled source.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-X            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Show compiled source but only Ruby code.
+			This is equivarent to '-E NoText'.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-N            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Numbering: add line numbers. (for '-x/-X')
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-U            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Unique mode: zip empty lines into a line. (for '-x/-X')
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-C            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Compact: remove empty lines. (for '-x/-X')
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-b            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Body only: no preamble nor postamble. (for '-x/-X')
+			This is equivarent to '--preamble=false --postamble=false'.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-z            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Syntax checking.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-e            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Escape. This is equivarent to '-E Escape'.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-p pattern    </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Embedded pattern (default '&lt;% %&gt;').
+			This is equivarent to '--pattern=<em>pattern</em>'.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-l lang       </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Language name.
+			This option makes erubis command to compile script but no execute.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-E enhacers   </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Enhancer name (Escape, PercentLine, ...).
+			It is able to specify several enhancer name separating with ','
+			(ex. -f Escape,PercentLine,HeaderFooter).
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-I path       </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Require library path ($:).
+			It is able to specify several paths separating with ','
+			(ex. -f path1,path2,path3).
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-K kanji      </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Kanji code (euc, sjis, utf8, or none) (default none).
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-f datafile   </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Context data file in YAML format ('*.yaml', '*.yml') or
+                        Ruby script ('*.rb').
+			It is able to specify several filenames separating with ','
+			(ex. -f file1,file2,file3).
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-c context    </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Context data string in YAML inline style or Ruby code.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-T            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Don't expand tab characters in YAML file.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-S            </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	Convert mapping key from string to symbol in YAML file.
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+-B		   </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	invoke Eruby#result() instead of Eruby#evaluate()
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+--pi[=name]   </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	parse '&lt;?name ... ?&gt;' instead of '&lt;% ... %&gt;'
+  </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+--trim=false  </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	No trimming spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'.
+  </dd>
+  </dl>
+<br>
+<a name="command-props"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Properties</h3>
+<p>Some Eruby classes can take optional properties to change it's compile option.
+For example, property '--indent="  "' may change indentation of compiled source code.
+Try 'erubis -h' for details.
+</p>
+<br>
+<br>
+   </div>
+  </blockquote>
+ </body>
+</html>