sequel 5.39.0 → 5.72.0

data/lib/sequel/extensions/async_thread_pool.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# frozen-string-literal: true
+#
+# The async_thread_pool extension adds support for running database
+# queries in a separate threads using a thread pool. With the following
+# code
+#
+#   DB.extension :async_thread_pool
+#   foos = DB[:foos].async.where(name: 'A'..'M').all
+#   bar_names = DB[:bar].async.select_order_map(:name)
+#   baz_1 = DB[:bazes].async.first(id: 1)
+#
+# All 3 queries will be run in separate threads.  +foos+, +bar_names+
+# and +baz_1+ will be proxy objects.  Calling a method on the proxy
+# object will wait for the query to be run, and will return the result
+# of calling that method on the result of the query method. For example,
+# if you run:
+#
+#   foos = DB[:foos].async.where(name: 'A'..'M').all
+#   bar_names = DB[:bars].async.select_order_map(:name)
+#   baz_1 = DB[:bazes].async.first(id: 1)
+#   sleep(1)
+#   foos.size
+#   bar_names.first
+#   baz_1.name
+#
+# These three queries will generally be run concurrently in separate
+# threads.  If you instead run:
+#   
+#   DB[:foos].async.where(name: 'A'..'M').all.size
+#   DB[:bars].async.select_order_map(:name).first
+#   DB[:bazes].async.first(id: 1).name
+#
+# Then will run each query sequentially, since you need the result of
+# one query before running the next query.  The queries will still be
+# run in separate threads (by default).
+#
+# What is run in the separate thread is the entire method call that
+# returns results.  So with the original example:
+#
+#   foos = DB[:foos].async.where(name: 'A'..'M').all
+#   bar_names = DB[:bars].async.select_order_map(:name)
+#   baz_1 = DB[:bazes].async.first(id: 1)
+#
+# The +all+, <tt>select_order_map(:name)</tt>, and <tt>first(id: 1)</tt>
+# calls are run in separate threads.  If a block is passed to a method
+# such as +all+ or +each+, the block is also run in that thread.  If you
+# have code such as:
+#
+#   h = {}
+#   DB[:foos].async.each{|row| h[row[:id]] = row}
+#   bar_names = DB[:bars].async.select_order_map(:name)
+#   p h
+#
+# You may end up with it printing an empty hash or partial hash, because the
+# async +each+ call will not have run or finished running.  Since the
+# <tt>p h</tt> code relies on a side-effect of the +each+ block and not the
+# return value of the +each+ call, it will not wait for the loading.
+#
+# You should avoid using +async+ for any queries where you are ignoring the
+# return value, as otherwise you have no way to wait for the query to be run.
+#
+# Datasets that use async will use async threads to load data for the majority
+# of methods that can return data.  However, dataset methods that return
+# enumerators will not use an async thread (e.g. calling # Dataset#map
+# without a block or arguments does not use an async thread or return a
+# proxy object).
+#
+# Because async methods (including their blocks) run in a separate thread, you
+# should not use control flow modifiers such as +return+ or +break+ in async
+# queries.  Doing so will result in a error.
+#
+# Because async results are returned as proxy objects, it's a bad idea
+# to use them in a boolean setting:
+#
+#   result = DB[:foo].async.get(:boolean_column)
+#   # or:
+#   result = DB[:foo].async.first
+#
+#   # ...
+#   if result 
+#     # will always execute this banch, since result is a proxy object
+#   end
+#
+# In this case, you can call the +__value+ method to return the actual
+# result:
+#
+#   if result.__value
+#     # will not execute this branch if the dataset method returned nil or false
+#   end
+#
+# Similarly, because a proxy object is used, you should be careful using the
+# result in a case statement or an argument to <tt>Class#===</tt>:
+#
+#   # ...
+#   case result
+#   when Hash, true, false
+#     # will never take this branch, since result is a proxy object
+#   end
+#
+# Similar to usage in an +if+ statement, you should use +__value+:
+#
+#   case result.__value
+#   when Hash, true, false
+#     # will never take this branch, since result is a proxy object
+#   end
+#
+# On Ruby 2.2+, you can use +itself+ instead of +__value+.  It's preferable to
+# use +itself+ if you can, as that will allow code to work with both proxy
+# objects and regular objects.
+#
+# Because separate threads and connections are used for async queries,
+# they do not use any state on the current connection/thread. So if
+# you do:
+#
+#   DB.transaction{DB[:table].async.all}
+#
+# Be aware that the transaction runs on one connection, and the SELECT
+# query on a different connection.  If you use currently using
+# transactional testing (running each test inside a transaction/savepoint),
+# and want to start using this extension, you should first switch to
+# non-transactional testing of the code that will use the async thread
+# pool before using this extension, as otherwise the use of
+# <tt>Dataset#async</tt> will likely break your tests.
+#
+# If you are using Database#synchronize to checkout a connection, the
+# same issue applies, where the async query runs on a different
+# connection:
+#
+#   DB.synchronize{DB[:table].async.all}
+# 
+# Similarly, if you are using the server_block extension, any async
+# queries inside with_server blocks will not use the server specified:
+#
+#   DB.with_server(:shard1) do
+#     DB[:a].all # Uses shard1
+#     DB[:a].async.all # Uses default shard
+#   end
+#
+# You need to manually specify the shard for any dataset using an async
+# query:
+# 
+#   DB.with_server(:shard1) do
+#     DB[:a].all # Uses shard1
+#     DB[:a].async.server(:shard1).all # Uses shard1
+#   end
+#
+# When the async_thread_pool extension, the size of the async thread pool
+# can be set by using the +:num_async_threads+ Database option, which must
+# be set before loading the async_thread_pool extension.  This defaults
+# to the size of the Database object's connection pool.
+#
+# By default, for consistent behavior, the async_thread_pool extension
+# will always run the query in a separate thread. However, in some cases,
+# such as when the async thread pool is busy and the results of a query
+# are needed right away, it can improve performance to allow preemption,
+# so that the query will run in the current thread instead of waiting
+# for an async thread to become available.  With the following code:
+#
+#   foos = DB[:foos].async.where(name: 'A'..'M').all
+#   bar_names = DB[:bar].async.select_order_map(:name)
+#   if foos.length > 4
+#     baz_1 = DB[:bazes].async.first(id: 1)
+#   end
+# 
+# Whether you need the +baz_1+ variable depends on the value of foos.
+# If the async thread pool is busy, and by the time the +foos.length+
+# call is made, the async thread pool has not started the processing
+# to get the +foos+ value, it can improve performance to start that
+# processing in the current thread, since it is needed immediately to
+# determine whether to schedule query to get the +baz_1+ variable.
+# The default is to not allow preemption, because if the current
+# thread is used, it may have already checked out a connection that
+# could be used, and that connection could be inside a transaction or
+# have some other manner of connection-specific state applied to it.
+# If you want to allow preemption, you can set the
+# +:preempt_async_thread+ Database option before loading the
+# async_thread_pool extension.
+#
+# Related module: Sequel::Database::AsyncThreadPool::DatasetMethods
+
+
+# 
+module Sequel
+  module Database::AsyncThreadPool
+    # JobProcessor is a wrapper around a single thread, that will
+    # process a queue of jobs until it is shut down.
+    class JobProcessor # :nodoc:
+      def self.create_finalizer(queue, pool)
+        proc{run_finalizer(queue, pool)}
+      end
+
+      def self.run_finalizer(queue, pool)
+        # Push a nil for each thread using the queue, signalling
+        # that thread to close.
+        pool.each{queue.push(nil)}
+
+        # Join each of the closed threads.
+        pool.each(&:join)
+
+        # Clear the thread pool.  Probably not necessary, but this allows
+        # for a simple way to check whether this finalizer has been run.
+        pool.clear
+
+        nil
+      end
+      private_class_method :run_finalizer
+
+      def initialize(queue)
+        @thread = ::Thread.new do
+          while proxy = queue.pop
+            proxy.__send__(:__run)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Join the thread, should only be called by the related finalizer.
+      def join
+        @thread.join
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Wrapper for exception instances raised by async jobs.  The
+    # wrapped exception will be raised by the code getting the value
+    # of the job.
+    WrappedException = Struct.new(:exception)
+
+    # Base proxy object class for jobs processed by async threads and
+    # the returned result.
+    class BaseProxy < BasicObject
+      # Store a block that returns the result when called.
+      def initialize(&block)
+        ::Kernel.raise Error, "must provide block for an async job" unless block
+        @block = block
+      end
+
+      # Pass all method calls to the returned result.
+      def method_missing(*args, &block)
+        __value.public_send(*args, &block)
+      end
+      # :nocov:
+      ruby2_keywords(:method_missing) if respond_to?(:ruby2_keywords, true)
+      # :nocov:
+
+      # Delegate respond_to? calls to the returned result.
+      def respond_to_missing?(*args)
+        __value.respond_to?(*args)
+      end
+
+      # Override some methods defined by default so they apply to the
+      # returned result and not the current object.
+      [:!, :==, :!=, :instance_eval, :instance_exec].each do |method|
+        define_method(method) do |*args, &block|
+          __value.public_send(method, *args, &block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Wait for the value to be loaded if it hasn't already been loaded.
+      # If the code to load the return value raised an exception that was
+      # wrapped, reraise the exception.
+      def __value
+        unless defined?(@value)
+          __get_value
+        end
+
+        if @value.is_a?(WrappedException)
+          ::Kernel.raise @value
+        end
+
+        @value
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Run the block and return the block value.  If the block call raises
+      # an exception, wrap the exception.
+      def __run_block
+        # This may not catch concurrent calls (unless surrounded by a mutex), but
+        # it's not worth trying to protect against that.  It's enough to just check for
+        # multiple non-concurrent calls.
+        ::Kernel.raise Error, "Cannot run async block multiple times" unless block = @block
+
+        @block = nil
+
+        begin
+          block.call
+        rescue ::Exception => e
+          WrappedException.new(e)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Default object class for async job/proxy result.  This uses a queue for
+    # synchronization.  The JobProcessor will push a result until the queue,
+    # and the code to get the value will pop the result from that queue (and
+    # repush the result to handle thread safety).
+    class Proxy < BaseProxy
+      def initialize
+        super
+        @queue = ::Queue.new
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def __run
+        @queue.push(__run_block)
+      end
+
+      def __get_value
+        @value = @queue.pop
+
+        # Handle thread-safety by repushing the popped value, so that
+        # concurrent calls will receive the same value
+        @queue.push(@value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Object class for async job/proxy result when the :preempt_async_thread
+    # Database option is used.  Uses a mutex for synchronization, and either
+    # the JobProcessor or the calling thread can run code to get the value.
+    class PreemptableProxy < BaseProxy
+      def initialize
+        super
+        @mutex = ::Mutex.new
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def __get_value
+        @mutex.synchronize do
+          unless defined?(@value)
+            @value = __run_block
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      alias __run __get_value
+    end
+
+    module DatabaseMethods
+      def self.extended(db)
+        db.instance_exec do
+          case pool.pool_type
+          when :single, :sharded_single
+            raise Error, "cannot load async_thread_pool extension if using single or sharded_single connection pool"
+          end
+
+          num_async_threads = opts[:num_async_threads] ? typecast_value_integer(opts[:num_async_threads]) : (Integer(opts[:max_connections] || 4))
+          raise Error, "must have positive number for num_async_threads" if num_async_threads <= 0
+
+          proxy_klass = typecast_value_boolean(opts[:preempt_async_thread]) ? PreemptableProxy : Proxy
+          define_singleton_method(:async_job_class){proxy_klass}
+
+          queue = @async_thread_queue = Queue.new
+          pool = @async_thread_pool = num_async_threads.times.map{JobProcessor.new(queue)}
+          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(db, JobProcessor.create_finalizer(queue, pool))
+
+          extend_datasets(DatasetMethods)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Wrap the block in a job/proxy object and schedule it to run using the async thread pool.
+      def async_run(&block)
+        proxy = async_job_class.new(&block)
+        @async_thread_queue.push(proxy)
+        proxy
+      end
+    end
+
+    ASYNC_METHODS = ([:all?, :any?, :drop, :entries, :grep_v, :include?, :inject, :member?, :minmax, :none?, :one?, :reduce, :sort, :take, :tally, :to_a, :to_h, :uniq, :zip] & Enumerable.instance_methods) + (Dataset::ACTION_METHODS - [:map, :paged_each])
+    ASYNC_BLOCK_METHODS = ([:collect, :collect_concat, :detect,  :drop_while, :each_cons, :each_entry, :each_slice, :each_with_index, :each_with_object, :filter_map, :find, :find_all, :find_index, :flat_map, :max_by, :min_by, :minmax_by, :partition, :reject, :reverse_each, :sort_by, :take_while] & Enumerable.instance_methods) + [:paged_each]
+    ASYNC_ARGS_OR_BLOCK_METHODS = [:map]
+
+    module DatasetMethods
+      # Define an method in the given module that will run the given method using an async thread
+      # if the current dataset is async.
+      def self.define_async_method(mod, method)
+        mod.send(:define_method, method) do |*args, &block|
+          if @opts[:async]
+            ds = sync
+            db.send(:async_run){ds.send(method, *args, &block)}
+          else
+            super(*args, &block)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Define an method in the given module that will run the given method using an async thread
+      # if the current dataset is async and a block is provided.
+      def self.define_async_block_method(mod, method)
+        mod.send(:define_method, method) do |*args, &block|
+          if block && @opts[:async]
+            ds = sync
+            db.send(:async_run){ds.send(method, *args, &block)}
+          else
+            super(*args, &block)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Define an method in the given module that will run the given method using an async thread
+      # if the current dataset is async and arguments or a block is provided.
+      def self.define_async_args_or_block_method(mod, method)
+        mod.send(:define_method, method) do |*args, &block|
+          if (block || !args.empty?) && @opts[:async]
+            ds = sync
+            db.send(:async_run){ds.send(method, *args, &block)}
+          else
+            super(*args, &block)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Override all of the methods that return results to do the processing in an async thread
+      # if they have been marked to run async and should run async (i.e. they don't return an
+      # Enumerator).
+      ASYNC_METHODS.each{|m| define_async_method(self, m)}
+      ASYNC_BLOCK_METHODS.each{|m| define_async_block_method(self, m)}
+      ASYNC_ARGS_OR_BLOCK_METHODS.each{|m| define_async_args_or_block_method(self, m)}
+
+      # Return a cloned dataset that will load results using the async thread pool.
+      def async
+        cached_dataset(:_async) do
+          clone(:async=>true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Return a cloned dataset that will not load results using the async thread pool.
+      # Only used if the current dataset has been marked as using the async thread pool.
+      def sync
+        cached_dataset(:_sync) do
+          clone(:async=>false)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  Database.register_extension(:async_thread_pool, Database::AsyncThreadPool::DatabaseMethods)
+end

data/lib/sequel/extensions/auto_literal_strings.rb

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #
 # Named placeholders can also be used with a hash:
 #
-#   ds.where("name > :a", :a=>"A")
+#   ds.where("name > :a", a: "A")
 #   # SELECT * FROM table WHERE (name > 'A')
 #
 # This extension also allows the use of a plain string passed to Dataset#update:

data/lib/sequel/extensions/blank.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@
 #
 #   Sequel.extension :blank
 
+[FalseClass, Object, NilClass, Numeric, String, TrueClass].each do |klass|
+  # :nocov:
+  if klass.method_defined?(:blank?)
+    klass.send(:alias_method, :blank?, :blank?)
+  end
+  # :nocov:
+end
+
 class FalseClass
   # false is always blank
   def blank?

data/lib/sequel/extensions/connection_expiration.rb

@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@
 #
 #   DB.pool.connection_expiration_timeout = 3600 # 1 hour
 #
-# Note that this extension only affects the default threaded
-# and the sharded threaded connection pool.  The single
-# threaded and sharded single threaded connection pools are
-# not affected.  As the only reason to use the single threaded
+# Note that this extension does not work with the single
+# threaded and sharded single threaded connection pools.
+# As the only reason to use the single threaded
 # pools is for speed, and this extension makes the connection
 # pool slower, there's not much point in modifying this
 # extension to work with the single threaded pools.  The
-# threaded pools work fine even in single threaded code, so if
-# you are currently using a single threaded pool and want to
-# use this extension, switch to using a threaded pool.
+# non-single threaded pools work fine even in single threaded
+# code, so if you are currently using a single threaded pool
+# and want to use this extension, switch to using another
+# pool.
 #
 # Related module: Sequel::ConnectionExpiration
 
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ module Sequel
 
     # Initialize the data structures used by this extension.
     def self.extended(pool)
+      case pool.pool_type
+      when :single, :sharded_single
+        raise Error, "cannot load connection_expiration extension if using single or sharded_single connection pool"
+      end
+
       pool.instance_exec do
         sync do
           @connection_expiration_timestamps ||= {}
@@ -79,8 +84,9 @@ module Sequel
            (cet = sync{@connection_expiration_timestamps[conn]}) &&
            Sequel.elapsed_seconds_since(cet[0]) > cet[1]
 
-          if pool_type == :sharded_threaded
-            sync{allocated(a.last).delete(Sequel.current)}
+          case pool_type
+          when :sharded_threaded, :sharded_timed_queue
+            sync{@allocated[a.last].delete(Sequel.current)}
           else
             sync{@allocated.delete(Sequel.current)}
           end

data/lib/sequel/extensions/connection_validator.rb

@@ -28,22 +28,22 @@
 # connections on every checkout without setting up coarse
 # connection checkouts will hurt performance, in some cases
 # significantly.  Note that setting up coarse connection
-# checkouts reduces the concurrency level acheivable.  For
+# checkouts reduces the concurrency level achievable.  For
 # example, in a web application, using Database#synchronize
 # in a rack middleware will limit the number of concurrent
 # web requests to the number to connections in the database
 # connection pool.
 #
-# Note that this extension only affects the default threaded
-# and the sharded threaded connection pool.  The single
-# threaded and sharded single threaded connection pools are
-# not affected.  As the only reason to use the single threaded
+# Note that this extension does not work with the single
+# threaded and sharded single threaded connection pools.
+# As the only reason to use the single threaded
 # pools is for speed, and this extension makes the connection
 # pool slower, there's not much point in modifying this
 # extension to work with the single threaded pools.  The
-# threaded pools work fine even in single threaded code, so if
-# you are currently using a single threaded pool and want to
-# use this extension, switch to using a threaded pool.
+# non-single threaded pools work fine even in single threaded
+# code, so if you are currently using a single threaded pool
+# and want to use this extension, switch to using another
+# pool.
 #
 # Related module: Sequel::ConnectionValidator
 
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ module Sequel
 
     # Initialize the data structures used by this extension.
     def self.extended(pool)
+      case pool.pool_type
+      when :single, :sharded_single
+        raise Error, "cannot load connection_validator extension if using single or sharded_single connection pool"
+      end
+
       pool.instance_exec do
         sync do
           @connection_timestamps ||= {}
@@ -103,8 +108,9 @@ module Sequel
            Sequel.elapsed_seconds_since(timer) > @connection_validation_timeout &&
            !db.valid_connection?(conn)
 
-          if pool_type == :sharded_threaded
-            sync{allocated(a.last).delete(Sequel.current)}
+          case pool_type
+          when :sharded_threaded, :sharded_timed_queue
+            sync{@allocated[a.last].delete(Sequel.current)}
           else
             sync{@allocated.delete(Sequel.current)}
           end
@@ -120,4 +126,3 @@ module Sequel
 
   Database.register_extension(:connection_validator){|db| db.pool.extend(ConnectionValidator)}
 end
-

data/lib/sequel/extensions/constraint_validations.rb

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 #   be emulated by dropping the table and recreating it with the constraints.
 #   If you want to use this plugin on SQLite with an alter_table block,
 #   you should drop all constraint validation metadata using
-#   <tt>drop_constraint_validations_for(:table=>'table')</tt>, and then
+#   <tt>drop_constraint_validations_for(table: 'table')</tt>, and then
 #   readd all constraints you want to use inside the alter table block,
 #   making no other changes inside the alter_table block.
 #

data/lib/sequel/extensions/core_refinements.rb

@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ raise(Sequel::Error, "Refinements require ruby 2.0.0 or greater") unless RUBY_VE
 # :nocov:
 
 module Sequel::CoreRefinements
+  # :nocov:
+  include_meth = RUBY_VERSION >= '3.1' ? :import_methods : :include
+  # :nocov:
+  INCLUDE_METH = include_meth
+  private_constant :INCLUDE_METH
+
   refine Array do
     # Return a <tt>Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression</tt> created from this array, not matching all of the
     # conditions.
@@ -161,8 +167,8 @@ module Sequel::CoreRefinements
   end
 
   refine String do
-    include Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
 
     # Converts a string into a <tt>Sequel::LiteralString</tt>, in order to override string
     # literalization, e.g.:
@@ -189,15 +195,34 @@ module Sequel::CoreRefinements
   end
 
   refine Symbol do
-    include Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::OrderMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::BooleanMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::NumericMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::QualifyingMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::StringMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::SubscriptMethods
-    include Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpressionMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::OrderMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::BooleanMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::NumericMethods
+
+    # :nocov:
+    remove_method :* if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.1'
+    # :nocov:
+
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::QualifyingMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::StringMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::SubscriptMethods
+    send include_meth, Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpressionMethods
+
+    # :nocov:
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.1'
+      remove_method :*
+      def *(ce=(arg=false;nil))
+        if arg == false
+          Sequel::SQL::ColumnAll.new(self)
+        else
+          Sequel::SQL::NumericExpression.new(:*, self, ce)
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+    # :nocov:
 
     # Returns receiver wrapped in an <tt>Sequel::SQL::Identifier</tt>.
     #