sequel 3.21.0 → 3.39.0

data/lib/sequel/extensions/pg_row.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+# The pg_row extension adds support for Sequel to handle
+# PostgreSQL's row-valued/composite types.
+#
+# This extension integrates with Sequel's native postgres adapter, so
+# that when composite fields are retrieved, they are parsed and returned
+# as instances of Sequel::Postgres::PGRow::(HashRow|ArrayRow), or
+# optionally a custom type.  HashRow and ArrayRow are DelegateClasses of
+# of Hash and Array, so they mostly act like a hash or array, but not
+# completely (is_a?(Hash) and is_a?(Array) are false).  If you want the
+# actual hash for a HashRow, call HashRow#to_hash, and if you want the
+# actual array for an ArrayRow, call ArrayRow#to_a.  This is done so
+# that Sequel does not treat a values like an Array or Hash by default,
+# which would cause issues.
+#
+# In addition to the parsers, this extension comes with literalizers
+# for HashRow and ArrayRow using the standard Sequel literalization callbacks, so
+# they work with on all adapters.
+#
+# The first thing you are going to want to do is to load the extension into
+# your Database object.  Make sure you load the :pg_array extension first
+# if you plan to use composite types in bound variables:
+# 
+#   DB.extension(:pg_array, :pg_row)
+#
+# You can create an anonymous row type by calling the Sequel.pg_row with
+# an array:
+#
+#   Sequel.pg_row(array)
+#
+# If you have loaded the {core_extensions extension}[link:files/doc/core_extensions_rdoc.html]),
+# you can also use Array#pg_row:
+#
+#   array.pg_row
+#
+# However, in most cases you are going to want something beyond anonymous
+# row types.  This extension allows you to register row types on a per
+# database basis, using Database#register_row_type:
+#
+#   DB.register_row_type(:foo)
+#
+# When you register the row type, Sequel will query the PostgreSQL
+# system tables to find the related metadata, and will setup
+# a custom HashRow subclass for that type.  This includes looking up
+# conversion procs for each column in the type, so that when the composite
+# type is returned from the database, the members of the type have
+# the correct type.  Additionally, if the composite type also has an
+# array form, Sequel registers an array type for the composite type,
+# so that array columns of the composite type are converted correctly.
+#
+# You can then create values of that type by using Database#row_type:
+#
+#   DB.row_type(:address, ['123 Sesame St.', 'Some City', '12345'])
+#
+# Let's say table address has columns street, city, and zip.  This would return
+# something similar to:
+#
+#   {:street=>'123 Sesame St.', :city=>'Some City', :zip=>'12345'}
+#
+# You can also use a hash:
+#
+#   DB.row_type(:address, :street=>'123 Sesame St.', :city=>'Some City', :zip=>'12345')
+#
+# So if you have a person table that has an address column, here's how you
+# could insert into the column:
+#
+#   DB[:table].insert(:address=>DB.row_type(:address, :street=>'123 Sesame St.', :city=>'Some City', :zip=>'12345'))
+#
+# This extension requires both the strscan and delegate libraries.
+
+require 'delegate'
+require 'strscan'
+Sequel.require 'adapters/utils/pg_types'
+
+module Sequel
+  module Postgres
+    module PGRow
+      ROW = 'ROW'.freeze
+      CAST = '::'.freeze
+
+      # Class for row-valued/composite types that are treated as arrays. By default,
+      # this is only used for generic PostgreSQL record types, as registered
+      # types use HashRow by default.
+      class ArrayRow < DelegateClass(Array)
+        class << self
+          # The database type for this class.  May be nil if this class
+          # done not have a specific database type.
+          attr_accessor :db_type
+
+          # Alias new to call, so that the class itself can be used
+          # directly as a converter.
+          alias call new
+        end
+
+        # Create a subclass associated with a specific database type.
+        # This is done so that instances of this subclass are
+        # automatically casted to the database type when literalizing.
+        def self.subclass(db_type)
+          sc = Class.new(self) do
+            @db_type = db_type
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Sets the database type associated with this instance.  This is
+        # used to override the class's default database type.
+        attr_writer :db_type
+
+        # Return the instance's database type, or the class's database
+        # type if the instance has not overridden it.
+        def db_type
+          @db_type || self.class.db_type
+        end
+
+        # Append SQL fragment related to this object to the sql.
+        def sql_literal_append(ds, sql)
+          sql << ROW
+          ds.literal_append(sql, to_a)
+          if db_type
+            sql << CAST
+            ds.quote_schema_table_append(sql, db_type)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Class for row-valued/composite types that are treated as hashes.
+      # Types registered via Database#register_row_type will use this
+      # class by default.
+      class HashRow < DelegateClass(Hash)
+        class << self
+          # The columns associated with this class.
+          attr_accessor :columns
+
+          # The database type for this class.  May be nil if this class
+          # done not have a specific database type.
+          attr_accessor :db_type
+
+          # Alias new to call, so that the class itself can be used
+          # directly as a converter.
+          alias call new
+        end
+
+        # Create a new subclass of this class with the given database
+        # type and columns.
+        def self.subclass(db_type, columns)
+          sc = Class.new(self) do
+            @db_type = db_type
+            @columns = columns
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Return the underlying hash for this delegate object.
+        alias to_hash __getobj__
+
+        # Sets the columns associated with this instance.  This is
+        # used to override the class's default columns.
+        attr_writer :columns 
+
+        # Sets the database type associated with this instance.  This is
+        # used to override the class's default database type.
+        attr_writer :db_type
+
+        # Return the instance's columns, or the class's columns
+        # if the instance has not overridden it.
+        def columns
+          @columns || self.class.columns
+        end
+
+        # Return the instance's database type, or the class's columns
+        # if the instance has not overridden it.
+        def db_type
+          @db_type || self.class.db_type
+        end
+
+        # Check that the HashRow has valid columns.  This should be used
+        # before all attempts to literalize the object, since literalization
+        # depends on the columns to get the column order.
+        def check_columns!
+          if columns.nil? || columns.empty?
+            raise Error, 'cannot literalize HashRow without columns'
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Append SQL fragment related to this object to the sql.
+        def sql_literal_append(ds, sql)
+          check_columns!
+          sql << ROW
+          ds.literal_append(sql, values_at(*columns))
+          if db_type
+            sql << CAST
+            ds.quote_schema_table_append(sql, db_type)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This parser-like class splits the PostgreSQL
+      # row-valued/composite type output string format
+      # into an array of strings.  Note this class makes
+      # no attempt to handle all input formats that PostgreSQL
+      # will accept, it only handles the output format that
+      # PostgreSQL uses.
+      class Splitter < StringScanner
+        OPEN_PAREN = /\(/.freeze
+        CLOSE_PAREN = /\)/.freeze
+        UNQUOTED_RE = /[^,)]*/.freeze
+        SEP_RE = /[,)]/.freeze
+        QUOTE_RE = /"/.freeze
+        QUOTE_SEP_RE = /"[,)]/.freeze
+        QUOTED_RE = /(\\.|""|[^"])*/.freeze
+        REPLACE_RE = /\\(.)|"(")/.freeze
+        REPLACE_WITH = '\1\2'.freeze
+
+        # Split the stored string into an array of strings, handling
+        # the different types of quoting.
+        def parse
+          return @result if @result
+          values = []
+          skip(OPEN_PAREN)
+          if skip(CLOSE_PAREN)
+            values << nil
+          else
+            until eos?
+              if skip(QUOTE_RE)
+                values << scan(QUOTED_RE).gsub(REPLACE_RE, REPLACE_WITH)
+                skip(QUOTE_SEP_RE)
+              else
+                v = scan(UNQUOTED_RE)
+                values << (v unless v.empty?)
+                skip(SEP_RE)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          values
+        end
+      end
+
+      # The Parser is responsible for taking the input string
+      # from PostgreSQL, and returning an appropriate ruby
+      # object that the type represents, such as an ArrayRow or
+      # HashRow.
+      class Parser
+        # The columns for the parser, if any.  If the parser has
+        # no columns, it will treat the input as an array.  If
+        # it has columns, it will treat the input as a hash.
+        # If present, should be an array of strings.
+        attr_reader :columns
+
+        # Converters for each member in the composite type.  If
+        # not present, no conversion will be done, so values will
+        # remain strings.  If present, should be an array of
+        # callable objects.
+        attr_reader :column_converters
+
+        # The OIDs for each member in the composite type.  Not
+        # currently used, but made available for user code.
+        attr_reader :column_oids
+
+        # A converter for the object as a whole.  Used to wrap
+        # the returned array/hash in another object, such as an
+        # ArrayRow or HashRow.  If present, should be callable.
+        attr_reader :converter
+
+        # The oid for the composite type itself.
+        attr_reader :oid
+
+        # A callable object used for typecasting the object. This
+        # is similar to the converter, but it is called by the
+        # typecasting code, which has different assumptions than
+        # the converter.  For instance, the converter should be
+        # called with all of the member values already typecast,
+        # but the typecaster may not be.
+        attr_reader :typecaster
+
+        # Sets each of the parser's attributes, using options with
+        # the same name (e.g. :columns sets the columns attribute).
+        def initialize(h={})
+          @columns = h[:columns]
+          @column_converters = h[:column_converters]
+          @column_oids = h[:column_oids]
+          @converter = h[:converter]
+          @typecaster = h[:typecaster]
+          @oid = h[:oid]
+        end
+
+        # Convert the PostgreSQL composite type input format into
+        # an appropriate ruby object.
+        def call(s)
+          convert(convert_format(convert_columns(Splitter.new(s).parse)))
+        end
+
+        # Typecast the given object to the appropriate type using the
+        # typecaster.  Note that this does not conversion for the members
+        # of the composite type, since those conversion expect strings and
+        # strings may not be provided.  
+        def typecast(obj)
+          case obj 
+          when Array
+            _typecast(convert_format(obj))
+          when Hash
+            unless @columns
+              raise Error, 'PGRow::Parser without columns cannot typecast from a hash'
+            end
+            _typecast(obj)
+          else
+            raise Error, 'PGRow::Parser can only typecast arrays and hashes'
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # If the parser has a typecaster, call it with
+        # the object, otherwise return the object as is.
+        def _typecast(obj)
+          if t = @typecaster
+            t.call(obj)
+          else
+            obj
+          end
+        end
+
+        # If the parser has column converters, map the
+        # array of strings input to a array of appropriate
+        # ruby objects, one for each converter.
+        def convert_columns(arr)
+          if ccs = @column_converters
+            arr.zip(ccs).map{|v, pr| pr ? pr.call(v) : v}
+          else
+            arr 
+          end
+        end
+
+        # If the parser has columns, return a hash assuming
+        # that the array is ordered by the columns.
+        def convert_format(arr)
+          if cs = @columns
+            h = {}
+            arr.zip(cs).each{|v, c| h[c] = v}
+            h
+          else
+            arr
+          end
+        end
+
+        # If the parser has a converter, call it with the object,
+        # otherwise return the object as is.
+        def convert(obj)
+          if c = @converter
+            c.call(obj)
+          else
+            obj
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      module DatabaseMethods
+        ESCAPE_RE = /("|\\)/.freeze
+        ESCAPE_REPLACEMENT = '\\\\\1'.freeze
+        COMMA = ','.freeze
+
+        # A hash mapping row type keys (usually symbols), to option
+        # hashes.  At the least, the values will contain the :parser
+        # option for the Parser instance that the type will use.
+        attr_reader :row_types
+
+        # Do some setup for the data structures the module uses.
+        def self.extended(db)
+          # Return right away if row_types has already been set. This
+          # makes things not break if a user extends the database with
+          # this module more than once (since extended is called every
+          # time).
+          return if db.row_types
+
+          db.instance_eval do
+            @row_types = {}
+            @row_schema_types = {}
+            extend(@row_type_method_module = Module.new)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Handle ArrayRow and HashRow values in bound variables.
+        def bound_variable_arg(arg, conn)
+          case arg
+          when ArrayRow
+            "(#{arg.map{|v| bound_variable_array(v)}.join(COMMA)})"
+          when HashRow
+            arg.check_columns!
+            "(#{arg.values_at(*arg.columns).map{|v| bound_variable_array(v)}.join(COMMA)})"
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Register a new row type for the Database instance. db_type should be the type
+        # symbol.  This parses the PostgreSQL system tables to get information the
+        # composite type, and by default has the type return instances of a subclass
+        # of HashRow.
+        #
+        # The following options are supported:
+        #
+        # :converter :: Use a custom converter for the parser.
+        # :typecaster :: Use a custom typecaster for the parser.
+        def register_row_type(db_type, opts={})
+          procs = @conversion_procs
+          rel_oid = nil
+          array_oid = nil
+          parser_opts = {}
+
+          # Try to handle schema-qualified types.
+          type_schema, type_name = schema_and_table(db_type)
+          schema_type_string = type_name.to_s
+
+          # Get basic oid information for the composite type.
+          ds = from(:pg_type).
+            select(:pg_type__oid, :typrelid, :typarray).
+            where([[:typtype, 'c'], [:typname, type_name.to_s]])
+          if type_schema
+            ds = ds.join(:pg_namespace, [[:oid, :typnamespace], [:nspname, type_schema.to_s]])
+            schema_type_symbol = :"pg_row_#{type_schema}__#{type_name}" 
+          else
+            schema_type_symbol = :"pg_row_#{type_name}"
+          end
+          unless row = ds.first
+            raise Error, "row type #{db_type.inspect} not found in database"
+          end
+          # Manually cast to integer using to_i, because adapter may not cast oid type
+          # correctly (e.g. swift)
+          parser_opts[:oid], rel_oid, array_oid = row.values_at(:oid, :typrelid, :typarray).map{|i| i.to_i}
+
+          # Get column names and oids for each of the members of the composite type.
+          res = from(:pg_attribute).
+            where(:attrelid=>rel_oid).
+            where{attnum > 0}.
+            exclude(:attisdropped).
+            order(:attnum).
+            select_map([:attname, :atttypid])
+          if res.empty?
+            raise Error, "no columns for row type #{db_type.inspect} in database"
+          end
+          parser_opts[:columns] = res.map{|r| r[0].to_sym}
+          parser_opts[:column_oids] = res.map{|r| r[1].to_i}
+
+          # Using the conversion_procs, lookup converters for each member of the composite type
+          parser_opts[:column_converters] = parser_opts[:column_oids].map do |oid|
+            if pr = procs[oid]
+              pr
+            elsif !Sequel::Postgres::STRING_TYPES.include?(oid)
+              # It's not a string type, and it's possible a conversion proc for this
+              # oid will be added later, so do a runtime check for it.
+              lambda{|s| (pr = procs[oid]) ? pr.call(s) : s}
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Setup the converter and typecaster
+          parser_opts[:converter] = opts.fetch(:converter){HashRow.subclass(db_type, parser_opts[:columns])}
+          parser_opts[:typecaster] = opts.fetch(:typecaster, parser_opts[:converter])
+
+          parser = Parser.new(parser_opts)
+          @conversion_procs[parser.oid] = parser
+
+          if defined?(PGArray) && PGArray.respond_to?(:register) && array_oid && array_oid > 0
+            PGArray.register(db_type, :oid=>array_oid, :converter=>parser, :type_procs=>@conversion_procs, :scalar_typecast=>schema_type_symbol)
+          end
+
+          @row_types[db_type] = opts.merge(:parser=>parser)
+          @row_schema_types[schema_type_string] = schema_type_symbol 
+          @row_type_method_module.class_eval do
+            meth = :"typecast_value_#{schema_type_symbol}"
+            define_method(meth) do |v|
+              row_type(db_type, v)
+            end
+            private meth
+          end
+
+          nil
+        end
+
+        # When reseting conversion procs, reregister all the row types so that
+        # the system tables are introspected again, picking up database changes.
+        def reset_conversion_procs
+          procs = super
+
+          row_types.each do |db_type, opts|
+            register_row_type(db_type, opts)
+          end
+
+          procs
+        end
+
+        # Handle typecasting of the given object to the given database type.
+        # In general, the given database type should already be registered,
+        # but if obj is an array, this will handled unregistered types.
+        def row_type(db_type, obj)
+          (type_hash = @row_types[db_type]) &&
+            (parser = type_hash[:parser])
+
+          case obj
+          when ArrayRow, HashRow
+            obj
+          when Array
+            if parser
+              parser.typecast(obj)
+            else
+              obj = ArrayRow.new(obj)
+              obj.db_type = db_type
+              obj
+            end
+          when Hash
+            if parser 
+              parser.typecast(obj)
+            else
+              raise InvalidValue, "Database#row_type requires the #{db_type.inspect} type have a registered parser and typecaster when called with a hash"
+            end
+          else
+            raise InvalidValue, "cannot convert #{obj.inspect} to row type #{db_type.inspect}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Make the column type detection handle registered row types.
+        def schema_column_type(db_type)
+          if type = @row_schema_types[db_type]
+            type
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # Format composite types used in bound variable arrays.
+        def bound_variable_array(arg)
+          case arg
+          when ArrayRow
+            "\"(#{arg.map{|v| bound_variable_array(v)}.join(COMMA).gsub(ESCAPE_RE, ESCAPE_REPLACEMENT)})\""
+          when HashRow
+            arg.check_columns!
+            "\"(#{arg.values_at(*arg.columns).map{|v| bound_variable_array(v)}.join(COMMA).gsub(ESCAPE_RE, ESCAPE_REPLACEMENT)})\""
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Register the default anonymous record type
+    PG_TYPES[2249] = PGRow::Parser.new(:converter=>PGRow::ArrayRow)
+    if defined?(PGArray) && PGArray.respond_to?(:register)
+      PGArray.register('record', :oid=>2287, :scalar_oid=>2249)
+    end
+  end
+
+  module SQL::Builders
+    # Wraps the expr array in an anonymous Postgres::PGRow::ArrayRow instance.
+    def pg_row(expr)
+      case expr
+      when Array
+        Postgres::PGRow::ArrayRow.new(expr)
+      else
+        # Will only work if pg_row_ops extension is loaded
+        pg_row_op(expr)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  Database.register_extension(:pg_row, Postgres::PGRow::DatabaseMethods)
+end
+
+if Sequel.core_extensions?
+  class Array
+    # Wraps the receiver in an anonymous Sequel::Postgres::PGRow::ArrayRow instance.
+    def pg_row
+      Sequel::Postgres::PGRow::ArrayRow.new(self)
+    end
+  end
+end