selenium-webdriver 4.45.0 → 4.47.0

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/firefox/profile.rb

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ module Selenium
         LOCK_FILES = %w[.parentlock parent.lock lock].freeze
 
         attr_reader :name, :log_file
-        attr_writer :secure_ssl, :load_no_focus_lib
 
         class << self
           def ini
@@ -110,19 +109,28 @@ module Selenium
         end
 
         def port=(port)
+          WebDriver.logger.deprecate('Firefox::Profile#port=', 'the Service class', id: :firefox_profile)
           self[WEBDRIVER_PREFS[:port]] = port
         end
 
+        def secure_ssl=(value)
+          WebDriver.logger.deprecate('Firefox::Profile#secure_ssl=', id: :firefox_profile)
+          @secure_ssl = value
+        end
+
+        def load_no_focus_lib=(value)
+          WebDriver.logger.deprecate('Firefox::Profile#load_no_focus_lib=', id: :firefox_profile)
+          @load_no_focus_lib = value
+        end
+
         def log_file=(file)
           @log_file = file
           self[WEBDRIVER_PREFS[:log_file]] = file
         end
 
-        #
-        # Add the extension (directory, .zip or .xpi) at the given path to the profile.
-        #
-
         def add_extension(path, name = extension_name_for(path))
+          WebDriver.logger.deprecate('Firefox::Profile#add_extension', 'Driver#install_addon',
+                                     id: :firefox_profile)
           @extensions[name] = Extension.new(path)
         end
 
@@ -133,7 +141,6 @@ module Selenium
           when :manual
             self['network.proxy.type'] = 1
 
-            set_manual_proxy_preference 'ftp', proxy.ftp
             set_manual_proxy_preference 'http', proxy.http
             set_manual_proxy_preference 'ssl', proxy.ssl
             set_manual_proxy_preference 'socks', proxy.socks

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/ie/driver.rb

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ module Selenium
 
         include LocalDriver
 
-        def initialize(options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, **)
-          initialize_local_driver(options, service, url) do |caps, driver_url|
-            super(caps: caps, url: driver_url, **)
+        def initialize(options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, http_client: nil, client_config: nil, **)
+          initialize_local_driver(options, service, url, http_client, client_config) do |caps, client|
+            super(caps: caps, http_client: client, **)
           end
         end
 

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/remote/bidi_bridge.rb

@@ -17,36 +17,56 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 
+require 'selenium/webdriver/bidi'
+require 'selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol'
+
 module Selenium
   module WebDriver
     module Remote
       class BiDiBridge < Bridge
-        attr_reader :bidi
+        attr_reader :bidi, :connection
+
+        READINESS_STATE = {
+          'none' => :none,
+          'eager' => :interactive,
+          'normal' => :complete
+        }.freeze
 
         def create_session(capabilities)
           super
-          socket_url = @capabilities[:web_socket_url]
-          @bidi = Selenium::WebDriver::BiDi.new(url: socket_url)
+
+          begin
+            @bidi = Selenium::WebDriver::BiDi.new(url: validated_socket_url)
+            # Reuse the BiDi object's socket as the connection until the bridge owns it directly.
+            @connection = @bidi.ws
+          rescue StandardError
+            quit
+            raise
+          end
         end
 
         def get(url)
-          browsing_context.navigate(url)
+          browsing_context.navigate(context: window_handle, url: url, wait: readiness_state)
+          nil
         end
 
         def go_back
-          browsing_context.traverse_history(-1)
+          browsing_context.traverse_history(context: window_handle, delta: -1)
+          nil
         end
 
         def go_forward
-          browsing_context.traverse_history(1)
+          browsing_context.traverse_history(context: window_handle, delta: 1)
+          nil
         end
 
         def refresh
-          browsing_context.reload
+          browsing_context.reload(context: window_handle, wait: readiness_state)
+          nil
         end
 
         def quit
-          bidi.close
+          bidi&.close
         rescue *QUIT_ERRORS
           nil
         ensure
@@ -59,8 +79,20 @@ module Selenium
 
         private
 
+        def validated_socket_url
+          url = @capabilities[:web_socket_url]
+          return url if url.is_a?(String) && url.start_with?('ws://', 'wss://')
+
+          raise Error::WebDriverError,
+                "BiDi was enabled, but the remote end did not return a valid webSocketUrl: #{url.inspect}."
+        end
+
         def browsing_context
-          @browsing_context ||= WebDriver::BiDi::BrowsingContext.new(self)
+          @browsing_context ||= BiDi::Protocol::BrowsingContext.new(connection)
+        end
+
+        def readiness_state
+          READINESS_STATE.fetch(capabilities[:page_load_strategy] || 'normal')
         end
       end # BiDiBridge
     end # Remote

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/remote/bridge.rb

@@ -51,20 +51,13 @@ module Selenium
         end
 
         #
-        # Initializes the bridge with the given server URL
-        # @param [String, URI] url url for the remote server
-        # @param [Object] http_client an HTTP client instance that implements the same protocol as Http::Default
+        # @param [Object] http_client a configured HTTP client implementing the same protocol as Http::Default
         # @api private
         #
 
-        def initialize(url:, http_client: nil)
-          uri = url.is_a?(URI) ? url : URI.parse(url)
-          uri.path += '/' unless uri.path.end_with?('/')
-
-          @http = http_client || Http::Default.new
-          @http.server_url = uri
+        def initialize(http_client:)
+          @http = http_client
           @file_detector = nil
-
           @locator_converter = self.class.locator_converter
         end
 
@@ -605,6 +598,11 @@ module Selenium
           raise(WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError, msg)
         end
 
+        def connection
+          msg = 'BiDi must be enabled by setting #web_socket_url to true in options class'
+          raise(WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError, msg)
+        end
+
         def command_list
           COMMANDS
         end

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/remote/driver.rb

@@ -31,12 +31,16 @@ module Selenium
         include DriverExtensions::HasFileDownloads
         include DriverExtensions::HasSessionEvents
 
-        def initialize(capabilities: nil, options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, **)
-          raise ArgumentError, "Can not set :service object on #{self.class}" if service
+        def initialize(capabilities: nil, options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, http_client: nil, client_config: nil,
+                       **)
+          assert_arguments(service, url, http_client, client_config)
 
-          url ||= "http://#{Platform.localhost}:4444/wd/hub"
           caps = process_options(options, capabilities)
-          super(caps: caps, url: url, **)
+          http_client ||= Remote::Http::Default.new(client_config: client_config)
+          server_url = url || client_config&.server_url || "http://#{Platform.localhost}:4444/wd/hub"
+          http_client.server_url = server_url
+          caps['se:remoteUrl'] = server_url.to_s.chomp('/')
+          super(caps: caps, http_client: http_client, **)
           @bridge.file_detector = ->((filename, *)) { File.exist?(filename) && filename.to_s }
           command_list = @bridge.command_list
           @bridge.extend(WebDriver::Remote::Features)
@@ -45,6 +49,12 @@ module Selenium
 
         private
 
+        def assert_arguments(service, url, http_client, client_config)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Can not set :service object on #{self.class}" if service
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot use both :http_client and :client_config' if http_client && client_config
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot use both :url and a ClientConfig#server_url' if url && client_config&.server_url
+        end
+
         def devtools_url
           capabilities['se:cdp']
         end

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/remote/http/common.rb

@@ -31,15 +31,32 @@ module Selenium
           BINARY_ENCODINGS = [Encoding::BINARY, Encoding::ASCII_8BIT].freeze
 
           class << self
-            attr_accessor :extra_headers
-            attr_writer :user_agent
-
             def user_agent
-              @user_agent ||= "selenium/#{WebDriver::VERSION} (ruby #{Platform.os})"
+              ClientConfig.default_user_agent
+            end
+
+            def user_agent=(value)
+              ClientConfig.default_user_agent = value
+            end
+
+            def extra_headers
+              ClientConfig.default_extra_headers
+            end
+
+            def extra_headers=(value)
+              ClientConfig.default_extra_headers = value
             end
           end
 
-          attr_writer :server_url
+          attr_reader :client_config
+
+          def initialize(client_config: nil)
+            @client_config = client_config || ClientConfig.new
+          end
+
+          def server_url=(url)
+            client_config.server_url = url
+          end
 
           def quit_errors
             [IOError]
@@ -76,17 +93,13 @@ module Selenium
           def common_headers
             @common_headers ||= begin
               headers = DEFAULT_HEADERS.dup
-              headers['User-Agent'] = Common.user_agent
-              headers = headers.merge(Common.extra_headers || {})
-
-              headers
+              headers['User-Agent'] = client_config.user_agent
+              headers.merge(client_config.extra_headers || {})
             end
           end
 
           def server_url
-            return @server_url if @server_url
-
-            raise Error::WebDriverError, 'server_url not set'
+            client_config.server_url || raise(Error::WebDriverError, 'server_url not set')
           end
 
           def request(*)

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/remote/http/default.rb

@@ -24,19 +24,41 @@ module Selenium
       module Http
         # @api private
         class Default < Common
-          attr_writer :proxy
-
-          attr_accessor :open_timeout, :read_timeout
-
           # Initializes object.
           # Warning: Setting {#open_timeout} to non-nil values will cause a separate thread to spawn.
           # Debuggers that freeze the process will not be able to evaluate any operations if that happens.
+          # @param [ClientConfig] client_config - Configuration used to build the HTTP client.
           # @param [Numeric] open_timeout - Open timeout to apply to HTTP client.
           # @param [Numeric] read_timeout - Read timeout (seconds) to apply to HTTP client.
-          def initialize(open_timeout: nil, read_timeout: nil)
-            @open_timeout = open_timeout
-            @read_timeout = read_timeout
-            super()
+          def initialize(client_config: nil, open_timeout: nil, read_timeout: nil)
+            if client_config && (open_timeout || read_timeout)
+              raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot use both :client_config and :open_timeout/:read_timeout'
+            end
+
+            client_config ||= ClientConfig.new
+            client_config.open_timeout = open_timeout if open_timeout
+            client_config.read_timeout = read_timeout if read_timeout
+            super(client_config: client_config)
+          end
+
+          def open_timeout
+            client_config.open_timeout
+          end
+
+          def read_timeout
+            client_config.read_timeout
+          end
+
+          def open_timeout=(value)
+            client_config.open_timeout = value
+          end
+
+          def read_timeout=(value)
+            client_config.read_timeout = value
+          end
+
+          def proxy=(value)
+            client_config.proxy = value
           end
 
           def close
@@ -94,16 +116,20 @@ module Selenium
             end
 
             if response.is_a? Net::HTTPRedirection
-              WebDriver.logger.debug("Redirect to #{response['Location']}; times: #{redirects}")
-              raise Error::WebDriverError, 'too many redirects' if redirects >= MAX_REDIRECTS
-
-              request(:get, URI.parse(response['Location']), DEFAULT_HEADERS.dup, nil, redirects + 1)
+              follow_redirect(response, redirects)
             else
               WebDriver.logger.debug("   <<<  #{response.instance_variable_get(:@header).inspect}", id: :header)
               create_response response.code, response.body, response.content_type
             end
           end
 
+          def follow_redirect(response, redirects)
+            WebDriver.logger.debug("Redirect to #{response['Location']}; times: #{redirects}", id: :redirect)
+            raise Error::WebDriverError, 'too many redirects' if redirects >= client_config.max_redirects
+
+            request(:get, URI.parse(response['Location']), DEFAULT_HEADERS.dup, nil, redirects + 1)
+          end
+
           def new_request_for(verb, url, headers, payload)
             req = Net::HTTP.const_get(verb.to_s.capitalize).new(url.path, headers)
 
@@ -120,52 +146,43 @@ module Selenium
 
           def new_http_client
             if use_proxy?
-              url = @proxy.http
+              url = proxy.http
               unless proxy.respond_to?(:http) && url
                 raise Error::WebDriverError,
-                      "expected HTTP proxy, got #{@proxy.inspect}"
+                      "expected HTTP proxy, got #{proxy.inspect}"
               end
 
-              proxy = URI.parse(url)
+              proxy_uri = URI.parse(url)
 
-              Net::HTTP.new(server_url.host, server_url.port, proxy.host, proxy.port, proxy.user, proxy.password)
+              Net::HTTP.new(server_url.host, server_url.port,
+                            proxy_uri.host, proxy_uri.port, proxy_uri.user, proxy_uri.password)
             else
               Net::HTTP.new server_url.host, server_url.port
             end
           end
 
           def proxy
-            @proxy ||= begin
-              proxy = ENV.fetch('http_proxy', nil) || ENV.fetch('HTTP_PROXY', nil)
-              no_proxy = ENV.fetch('no_proxy', nil) || ENV.fetch('NO_PROXY', nil)
-
-              if proxy
-                proxy = "http://#{proxy}" unless proxy.start_with?('http://')
-                Proxy.new(http: proxy, no_proxy: no_proxy)
-              end
-            end
+            client_config.proxy
           end
 
           def use_proxy?
             return false if proxy.nil?
+            return true unless proxy.no_proxy
 
-            if proxy.no_proxy
-              ignored = proxy.no_proxy.split(',').any? do |host|
-                host == '*' ||
-                  host == server_url.host || (
-                begin
-                  IPAddr.new(host).include?(server_url.host)
-                rescue ArgumentError
-                  false
-                end
-              )
-              end
+            !proxy_ignored?
+          end
 
-              !ignored
-            else
-              true
+          def proxy_ignored?
+            proxy.no_proxy.split(',').map(&:strip).reject(&:empty?).any? do |host|
+              host == '*' || host == server_url.host || ip_match?(host)
             end
           end
+
+          def ip_match?(host)
+            IPAddr.new(host).include?(server_url.host)
+          rescue ArgumentError
+            false
+          end
         end # Default
       end # Http
     end # Remote

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/safari/driver.rb

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ module Selenium
 
         include LocalDriver
 
-        def initialize(options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, **)
-          initialize_local_driver(options, service, url) do |caps, driver_url|
-            super(caps: caps, url: driver_url, **)
+        def initialize(options: nil, service: nil, url: nil, http_client: nil, client_config: nil, **)
+          initialize_local_driver(options, service, url, http_client, client_config) do |caps, client|
+            super(caps: caps, http_client: client, **)
           end
         end
 

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/safari/options.rb

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ module Selenium
 
         # @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit/about_webdriver_for_safari
         CAPABILITIES = {automatic_inspection: 'safari:automaticInspection',
-                        automatic_profiling: 'safari:automaticProfiling'}.freeze
+                        automatic_profiling: 'safari:automaticProfiling',
+                        experimental_web_socket_url: 'safari:experimentalWebSocketUrl'}.freeze
         BROWSER = 'safari'
         TECHNOLOGY_PREVIEW = 'Safari Technology Preview'
 
@@ -43,6 +44,20 @@ module Selenium
         def browser_name
           @options[:browser_name] = Safari.technology_preview? ? TECHNOLOGY_PREVIEW : BROWSER
         end
+
+        #
+        # Enables WebDriver BiDi for Safari, which also requires the experimental capability, and
+        # warns that Safari's BiDi support is experimental.
+        #
+        # @return [Boolean]
+        #
+
+        def enable_bidi!
+          super
+          WebDriver.logger.warn("Safari's WebDriver BiDi support is experimental and may be incomplete",
+                                id: :safari_bidi)
+          @options[:experimental_web_socket_url] = true
+        end
       end # Options
     end # Safari
   end # WebDriver

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/support/guards/guard.rb

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ module Selenium
           attr_reader :guarded, :type, :messages, :reason, :tracker
 
           def initialize(guarded, type, guards = nil)
-            @guarded = guarded
+            @guarded = guarded.dup
             @tracker = guards&.bug_tracker || ''
             @messages = guards&.messages || {}
             @messages[:unknown] = 'TODO: Investigate why this is failing and file a bug report'
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module Selenium
                       when Symbol
                         messages[reason]
                       else
-                        "Guarded by #{guarded};"
+                        "#{type.to_s.tr('_', ' ')} #{guarded};"
                       end
 
             case type
@@ -57,8 +57,10 @@ module Selenium
               "Test skipped because it is unreliable in this configuration; #{details}"
             when :skip_unless, :exclusive
               "Test does not apply to this configuration; #{details}"
-            else
+            when :pending_if, :pending_unless, :except, :only
               "Test guarded; #{details}"
+            else
+              raise ArgumentError, "unknown guard type: #{type}"
             end
           end
 
@@ -81,6 +83,21 @@ module Selenium
           def exclusive?
             @type == :skip_unless || @type == :exclusive
           end
+
+          # A pending guard that only applies when the failure matches an expected exception.
+          def exception?
+            (except? || only?) && !@guarded[:exception].nil?
+          end
+
+          # Whether the exception is the guard's `exception:` class and matches its optional `message:`
+          # (Regexp pattern or exact String), following RSpec's `raise_error` semantics.
+          def matches_exception?(exception)
+            spec = @guarded[:exception]
+            return false unless spec && exception.is_a?(spec[:class])
+
+            message = spec[:message]
+            message.nil? || (message.is_a?(Regexp) ? message.match?(exception.message) : message == exception.message)
+          end
         end # Guard
       end # Guards
     end # Support

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/support/guards.rb

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module Selenium
         def add_condition(name, condition = false, &block)
           condition = false if condition.nil?
           @guard_conditions << GuardCondition.new(name, condition, &block)
-          WebDriver.logger.debug "Running with Guard '#{name}' set to: #{condition}"
+          WebDriver.logger.debug "Running with Guard '#{name}' set to: #{condition}", id: :guard
         end
 
         def add_message(name, message)
@@ -52,12 +52,18 @@ module Selenium
           if !skipping_guard.nil?
             [:skip, skipping_guard.message]
           elsif !pending_guard.nil? && ENV.fetch('SKIP_PENDING', nil)
-            [:skip, pending_guard.message]
-          elsif !pending_guard.nil?
+            [:skip, "(skipped by SKIP_PENDING) #{pending_guard.message}"]
+          elsif !pending_guard.nil? && !pending_guard.exception?
             [:pending, pending_guard.message]
           end
         end
 
+        # The deferred `exception:` pending guard, evaluated against the failure after the run, else nil.
+        def pending_exception_guard
+          guard = pending_guard
+          guard if disposition.nil? && guard&.exception?
+        end
+
         def satisfied?(guard)
           @guard_conditions.all? { |condition| condition.satisfied?(guard) }
         end

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/version.rb

@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
 
 module Selenium
   module WebDriver
-    VERSION = '4.45.0'
+    VERSION = '4.47.0'
   end # WebDriver
 end # Selenium

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: selenium-webdriver
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 4.45.0
+  version: 4.47.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Alex Rodionov
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ authors:
 autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2026-06-16 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2026-08-10 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: base64
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ files:
 - README.md
 - bin/linux/selenium-manager
 - bin/macos/selenium-manager
+- bin/selenium-manager-THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt
+- bin/selenium-manager.cdx.json
 - bin/windows/selenium-manager.exe
 - lib/selenium-webdriver.rb
 - lib/selenium/server.rb
@@ -285,6 +287,7 @@ files:
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/browser.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/browsing_context.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/error.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/log_handler.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/network.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/network/cookies.rb
@@ -295,8 +298,31 @@ files:
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/network/intercepted_request.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/network/intercepted_response.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/network/url_pattern.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/bluetooth.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/browser.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/browsing_context.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/domain.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/emulation.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/error_code.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/input.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/log.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/network.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/permissions.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/script.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/session.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/speculation.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/storage.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/user_agent_client_hints.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/protocol/web_extension.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/serialization.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/serialization/record.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/serialization/union.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/session.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/struct.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/support/bidi_generate.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/support/check_generated.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/transport.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/chrome.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/chrome/driver.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/chrome/features.rb
@@ -312,13 +338,13 @@ files:
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/action_builder.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/alert.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/child_process.rb
+- lib/selenium/webdriver/common/client_config.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/downloads_files.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/full_page_screenshot.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_addons.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_apple_permissions.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_authentication.rb
-- lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_bidi.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_casting.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_cdp.rb
 - lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_context.rb