selenium-webdriver 4.0.3 → 4.2.1

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data/CHANGES

@@ -1,3 +1,67 @@
+4.2.1 (2022-05-31)
+=========================
+
+Ruby
+  * Fix bug in setting default duration in Actions constructor
+
+4.2.0 (2022-05-27)
+=========================
+
+BiDi:
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.97.0 (supports CDP v85, v95, v96, v97)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.98.0 (supports CDP v85, v96, v97, v98)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.99.0 (supports CDP v85, v97, v98, v99)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.100.0 (supports CDP v85, v98, v99, v100)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.101.0 (supports CDP v85, v99, v100, v101)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.102.0 (supports CDP v85, v100, v101, v102)
+  * Implement simple BiDi connection
+  * Fix bug in initial BiDi implementation (thanks Boris Petrov!)
+  * Fix bug with mutating headers in request interception (#10574)
+  * Fix bug with empty response headers (thanks Viren Negi!)
+
+Firefox:
+  * Add support to Firefox Options for environment capability
+  * Use addon parameter instead of path parameter to avoid using file detector
+  * Restore #from_name method to Firefox profile (#10146)
+
+Chromium:
+  * Add support for casting desktop
+
+Ruby:
+  * Updated minimum required Ruby version to 2.7
+  * Fix bug by not attempting to stop service process when it's not started (#10015)
+  * Fix bug to not stop service process when it's not started (thanks Atsushi Tatsuma!)
+  * Use driver endpoint to get page source instead of JavaScript
+  * Add zenkaku_hankaku key support
+  * Fix download support of Selenium Server
+  * Do not convert Tag Name to CSS Selector
+
+ActionBuilder:
+  * Raise error if input device not found
+  * Move `TypingInteraction` from `Interactions::KeyInput` to `Interactions` module
+  * Throw better errors for `PointerInput` methods
+  * Allow each action interaction class to validate its own source
+  * Set all Interactions classes to private
+  * Allow device names to use a default id if one is not specified
+  * Deprecate default mouse and keyboard values in constructor, favoring devices parameter
+  * Add support for pointer event properties
+  * Implement scroll wheel support
+  * Deprecate ordered pair parameters for pause method in favor of keywords
+  * Deprecate move to element with offset changing origin to top left of element
+
+4.1.0 (2021-11-22)
+=========================
+
+DevTools:
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.95.0 (supports CDP v85, v93, v94, v95)
+  * Released selenium-devtools 0.96.0 (supports CDP v85, v94, v95, v96)
+  * Added support for secure websockets (#10017)
+
+Ruby:
+  * Execute Script supports ShadowRoots (#10019)
+  * Fixed bug preventing zipping temp files on Windows (#9987)
+  * Sang Pumpkin Carol (thanks Jari!)
+
 4.0.3 (2021-10-20)
 =========================
 

data/LICENSE

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
       same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
       identification within third-party archives.
 
-   Copyright 2021 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)
+   Copyright 2022 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

data/NOTICE

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-Copyright 2011-2021 Software Freedom Conservancy
+Copyright 2011-2022 Software Freedom Conservancy
 Copyright 2004-2011 Selenium committers

data/lib/selenium/server.rb

@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ module Selenium
         return download_file_name if File.exist? download_file_name
 
         begin
-          server = 'https://github.com/seleniumhq/selenium/releases/download'
-          released = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI.parse("#{server}/selenium-#{required_version}/#{download_file_name}"))
+          download_location = available_assets[download_file_name]['browser_download_url']
+          released = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI.parse(download_location))
           redirected = URI.parse released.header['location']
 
           File.open(download_file_name, 'wb') do |destination|
@@ -105,19 +105,24 @@ module Selenium
 
       def latest
         @latest ||= begin
-          net_http_start('api.github.com') do |http|
-            json = http.get('/repos/seleniumhq/selenium/releases').body
-            all_assets = JSON.parse(json).map { |release| release['assets'] }.flatten
-            server_assets = all_assets.map { |asset| asset['name'][/selenium-server-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.jar/, 1] }.compact
-            server_assets.map { |version| Gem::Version.new(version) }.max.version
-          end
+          available = available_assets.keys.map { |key| key[/selenium-server-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.jar/, 1] }
+          available.map { |asset| Gem::Version.new(asset) }.max.to_s
         end
       end
 
       # @api private
 
+      def available_assets
+        @available_assets ||= net_http_start('api.github.com') do |http|
+          json = http.get('/repos/seleniumhq/selenium/releases').body
+          all_assets = JSON.parse(json).map { |release| release['assets'] }.flatten
+          server_assets = all_assets.select { |asset| asset['name'].match(/selenium-server-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.jar/) }
+          server_assets.each_with_object({}) { |asset, hash| hash[asset.delete('name')] = asset }
+        end
+      end
+
       def net_http_start(address, &block)
-        http_proxy = ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
+        http_proxy = ENV.fetch('http_proxy', nil) || ENV.fetch('HTTP_PROXY', nil)
         if http_proxy
           http_proxy = "http://#{http_proxy}" unless http_proxy.start_with?('http://')
           uri = URI.parse(http_proxy)

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi/session.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+module Selenium
+  module WebDriver
+    class BiDi
+      class Session
+        Status = Struct.new(:ready, :message)
+
+        def initialize(bidi)
+          @bidi = bidi
+        end
+
+        def status
+          status = @bidi.send_cmd('session.status')
+          Status.new(status['ready'], status['message'])
+        end
+
+      end # Session
+    end # BiDi
+  end # WebDriver
+end # Selenium

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/bidi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+module Selenium
+  module WebDriver
+    class BiDi
+      autoload :Session, 'selenium/webdriver/bidi/session'
+
+      def initialize(url:)
+        @ws = WebSocketConnection.new(url: url)
+      end
+
+      def close
+        @ws.close
+      end
+
+      def callbacks
+        @ws.callbacks
+      end
+
+      def session
+        Session.new(self)
+      end
+
+      def send_cmd(method, **params)
+        data = {method: method, params: params.compact}
+        message = @ws.send_cmd(**data)
+        raise Error::WebDriverError, error_message(message) if message['error']
+
+        message['result']
+      end
+
+      def error_message(message)
+        "#{message['error']}: #{message['message']}\n#{message['stacktrace']}"
+      end
+
+    end # BiDi
+  end # WebDriver
+end # Selenium

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/chrome/features.rb

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ module Selenium
           get_cast_sinks: [:get, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/get_sinks'],
           set_cast_sink_to_use: [:post, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/set_sink_to_use'],
           start_cast_tab_mirroring: [:post, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/start_tab_mirroring'],
+          start_cast_desktop_mirroring: [:post, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/start_desktop_mirroring'],
           get_cast_issue_message: [:get, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/get_issue_message'],
           stop_casting: [:post, 'session/:session_id/goog/cast/stop_casting'],
           get_network_conditions: [:get, 'session/:session_id/chromium/network_conditions'],
@@ -62,6 +63,10 @@ module Selenium
           execute :start_cast_tab_mirroring, {}, {sinkName: name}
         end
 
+        def start_cast_desktop_mirroring(name)
+          execute :start_cast_desktop_mirroring, {}, {sinkName: name}
+        end
+
         def stop_casting(name)
           execute :stop_casting, {}, {sinkName: name}
         end

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/chrome/options.rb

@@ -50,24 +50,24 @@ module Selenium
         #
         # @example
         #   options = Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new(args: ['start-maximized', 'user-data-dir=/tmp/temp_profile'])
-        #   driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, options: options)
+        #   driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: options)
         #
-        # @param [Profile] :profile An instance of a Chrome::Profile Class
-        # @param [Array] :encoded_extensions List of extensions that do not need to be Base64 encoded
+        # @param [Profile] profile An instance of a Chrome::Profile Class
         # @param [Hash] opts the pre-defined options to create the Chrome::Options with
-        # @option opts [Array<String>] :args List of command-line arguments to use when starting Chrome
-        # @option opts [String] :binary Path to the Chrome executable to use
-        # @option opts [Hash] :prefs A hash with each entry consisting of the name of the preference and its value
-        # @option opts [Array<String>] :extensions A list of paths to (.crx) Chrome extensions to install on startup
-        # @option opts [Hash] :options A hash for raw options
-        # @option opts [Hash] :emulation A hash for raw emulation options
-        # @option opts [Hash] :local_state A hash for the Local State file in the user data folder
-        # @option opts [Boolean] :detach whether browser is closed when the driver is sent the quit command
-        # @option opts [String] :debugger_address address of a Chrome debugger server to connect to
-        # @option opts [Array<String>] :exclude_switches command line switches to exclude
-        # @option opts [String] :minidump_path Directory to store Chrome minidumps (linux only)
-        # @option opts [Hash] :perf_logging_prefs A hash for performance logging preferences
-        # @option opts [Array<String>] :window_types A list of window types to appear in the list of window handles
+        # @option opts [Array] encoded_extensions List of extensions that do not need to be Base64 encoded
+        # @option opts [Array<String>] args List of command-line arguments to use when starting Chrome
+        # @option opts [String] binary Path to the Chrome executable to use
+        # @option opts [Hash] prefs A hash with each entry consisting of the name of the preference and its value
+        # @option opts [Array<String>] extensions A list of paths to (.crx) Chrome extensions to install on startup
+        # @option opts [Hash] options A hash for raw options
+        # @option opts [Hash] emulation A hash for raw emulation options
+        # @option opts [Hash] local_state A hash for the Local State file in the user data folder
+        # @option opts [Boolean] detach whether browser is closed when the driver is sent the quit command
+        # @option opts [String] debugger_address address of a Chrome debugger server to connect to
+        # @option opts [Array<String>] exclude_switches command line switches to exclude
+        # @option opts [String] minidump_path Directory to store Chrome minidumps (linux only)
+        # @option opts [Hash] perf_logging_prefs A hash for performance logging preferences
+        # @option opts [Array<String>] window_types A list of window types to appear in the list of window handles
         #
 
         def initialize(profile: nil, **opts)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ module Selenium
           @logging_prefs = options.delete(:logging_prefs) || {}
           @encoded_extensions = @options.delete(:encoded_extensions) || []
           @extensions = []
-          (@options.delete(:extensions)).each(&method(:validate_extension))
+          @options.delete(:extensions).each { |ext| validate_extension(ext) }
         end
 
         #
@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ module Selenium
         #   options = Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new
         #   options.extensions = extensions
         #
-        # @param [Array<String>] :extensions A list of paths to (.crx) Chrome extensions to install on startup
+        # @param [Array<String>] extensions A list of paths to (.crx) Chrome extensions to install on startup
         #
 
         def extensions=(extensions)
-          extensions.each(&method(:validate_extension))
+          extensions.each { |ext| validate_extension(ext) }
         end
 
         #
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ module Selenium
 
           return if (@encoded_extensions + @extensions).empty?
 
-          options['extensions'] = @encoded_extensions + @extensions.map(&method(:encode_extension))
+          options['extensions'] = @encoded_extensions + @extensions.map { |ext| encode_extension(ext) }
         end
 
         def binary_path

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/action_builder.rb

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ module Selenium
     class ActionBuilder
       include KeyActions # Actions specific to key inputs
       include PointerActions # Actions specific to pointer inputs
+      include WheelActions # Actions specific to wheel inputs
 
       attr_reader :devices
 
@@ -31,19 +32,40 @@ module Selenium
       # the mouse is moving. Keep in mind that pauses must be added for other devices in order to line up the actions
       # correctly when using asynchronous.
       #
-      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Bridge] bridge the bridge for the current driver instance
-      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::PointerInput] mouse PointerInput for the mouse.
-      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::KeyInput] keyboard KeyInput for the keyboard.
-      # @param [Boolean] async Whether to perform the actions asynchronously per device. Defaults to false for
-      #   backwards compatibility.
+      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Bridge] bridge the bridge for the current driver instance.
+      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::PointerInput] deprecated_mouse PointerInput for the mouse.
+      # @param [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::KeyInput] deprecated_keyboard KeyInput for the keyboard.
+      # @param [Boolean] deprecated_async Whether to perform the actions asynchronously per device.
+      #   Defaults to false for backwards compatibility.
+      # @param [Array<Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::InputDevices>] devices list of valid sources of input.
+      # @param [Boolean] async Whether to perform the actions asynchronously per device.
       # @return [ActionBuilder] A self reference.
       #
 
-      def initialize(bridge, mouse, keyboard, async = false)
-        # For backwards compatibility, automatically include mouse & keyboard
+      def initialize(bridge, deprecated_mouse = nil, deprecated_keyboard = nil, deprecated_async = nil,
+                     devices: [], async: false, duration: 250)
         @bridge = bridge
-        @devices = [mouse, keyboard]
-        @async = async
+        @duration = duration
+
+        @async = if deprecated_async.nil?
+                   async
+                 else
+                   WebDriver.logger.deprecate('initializing ActionBuilder with async parameter',
+                                              ':async keyword',
+                                              id: :action_async)
+                   deprecated_async
+                 end
+
+        @devices = []
+        if deprecated_keyboard || deprecated_mouse
+          WebDriver.logger.deprecate "initializing ActionBuilder with keyboard and mouse parameters",
+                                     "devices keyword or, even better, Driver#action",
+                                     id: :action_devices
+          add_input(deprecated_mouse)
+          add_input(deprecated_keyboard)
+        else
+          Array(devices).each { |device| add_input(device) }
+        end
       end
 
       #
@@ -61,9 +83,7 @@ module Selenium
       #
 
       def add_pointer_input(kind, name)
-        new_input = Interactions.pointer(kind, name: name)
-        add_input(new_input)
-        new_input
+        add_input(Interactions.pointer(kind, name: name))
       end
 
       #
@@ -79,9 +99,23 @@ module Selenium
       #
 
       def add_key_input(name)
-        new_input = Interactions.key(name)
-        add_input(new_input)
-        new_input
+        add_input(Interactions.key(name))
+      end
+
+      #
+      # Adds a WheelInput device
+      #
+      # @example Add a wheel input device
+      #
+      #    builder = device.action
+      #    builder.add_wheel_input('wheel2')
+      #
+      # @param [String] name name for the device
+      # @return [Interactions::WheelInput] The wheel input added
+      #
+
+      def add_wheel_input(name)
+        add_input(Interactions.wheel(name))
       end
 
       #
@@ -92,7 +126,26 @@ module Selenium
       #
 
       def get_device(name)
-        @devices.find { |device| device.name == name.to_s }
+        WebDriver.logger.deprecate('#get_device with name parameter',
+                                   '#device with :name or :type keyword',
+                                   id: :get_device)
+        device(name: name)
+      end
+
+      #
+      # Retrieves the input device for the given name or type
+      #
+      # @param [String] name name of the input device
+      # @param [String] type name of the input device
+      # @return [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::InputDevice] input device with given name or type
+      #
+
+      def device(name: nil, type: nil)
+        input = @devices.find { |device| (device.name == name.to_s || name.nil?) && (device.type == type || type.nil?) }
+
+        raise(ArgumentError, "Can not find device: #{name}") if name && input.nil?
+
+        input
       end
 
       #
@@ -115,6 +168,16 @@ module Selenium
         @devices.select { |device| device.type == Interactions::KEY }
       end
 
+      #
+      # Retrieves the current WheelInput device
+      #
+      # @return [Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions::InputDevice] current WheelInput devices
+      #
+
+      def wheel_inputs
+        @devices.select { |device| device.type == Interactions::WHEEL }
+      end
+
       #
       # Creates a pause for the given device of the given duration. If no duration is given, the pause will only wait
       # for all actions to complete in that tick.
@@ -131,8 +194,11 @@ module Selenium
       # @return [ActionBuilder] A self reference.
       #
 
-      def pause(device, duration = nil)
-        device.create_pause(duration)
+      def pause(deprecated_device = nil, deprecated_duration = nil, device: nil, duration: 0)
+        deprecate_method(deprecated_device, deprecated_duration)
+
+        device ||= deprecated_device || pointer_input
+        device.create_pause(deprecated_duration || duration)
         self
       end
 
@@ -152,7 +218,14 @@ module Selenium
       # @return [ActionBuilder] A self reference.
       #
 
-      def pauses(device, number, duration = nil)
+      def pauses(deprecated_device = nil, deprecated_number = nil, deprecated_duration = nil,
+                 device: nil, number: nil, duration: 0)
+        deprecate_method(deprecated_device, deprecated_duration, deprecated_number, method: :pauses)
+
+        number ||= deprecated_number || 2
+        device ||= deprecated_device || pointer_input
+        duration ||= deprecated_duration || 0
+
         number.times { device.create_pause(duration) }
         self
       end
@@ -162,7 +235,7 @@ module Selenium
       #
 
       def perform
-        @bridge.send_actions @devices.map(&:encode).compact
+        @bridge.send_actions @devices.filter_map(&:encode)
         clear_all_actions
         nil
       end
@@ -202,12 +275,26 @@ module Selenium
       #
 
       def add_input(device)
+        device = Interactions.send(device) if device.is_a?(Symbol) && Interactions.respond_to?(device)
+
+        raise TypeError, "#{device.inspect} is not a valid InputDevice" unless device.is_a?(Interactions::InputDevice)
+
         unless @async
           max_device = @devices.max { |a, b| a.actions.length <=> b.actions.length }
-          pauses(device, max_device.actions.length)
+          pauses(device: device, number: max_device.actions.length) if max_device
         end
         @devices << device
+        device
       end
+
+      def deprecate_method(device = nil, duration = nil, number = nil, method: :pause)
+        return unless device || number || duration
+
+        WebDriver.logger.deprecate "ActionBuilder##{method} with ordered parameters",
+                                   ':device, :duration, :number keywords',
+                                   id: method
+      end
+
     end # ActionBuilder
   end # WebDriver
 end # Selenium

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver.rb

@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ module Selenium
       # @see ActionBuilder
       #
 
-      def action
-        bridge.action
+      def action(**opts)
+        bridge.action(**opts)
       end
 
       def mouse

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_bidi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+module Selenium
+  module WebDriver
+    module DriverExtensions
+      module HasBiDi
+
+        #
+        # Retrieves WebDriver BiDi connection.
+        #
+        # @return [BiDi]
+        #
+
+        def bidi
+          @bidi ||= Selenium::WebDriver::BiDi.new(url: capabilities[:web_socket_url])
+        end
+
+      end # HasBiDi
+    end # DriverExtensions
+  end # WebDriver
+end # Selenium

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_casting.rb

@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ module Selenium
           @bridge.start_cast_tab_mirroring(name)
         end
 
+        #
+        # Starts a tab mirroring session on a specific receiver target.
+        #
+        # @param [String] name the sink to use as the target
+        #
+
+        def start_cast_desktop_mirroring(name)
+          @bridge.start_cast_desktop_mirroring(name)
+        end
+
         #
         # Gets error messages when there is any issue in a Cast session.
         #

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_context.rb

@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ module Selenium
         #         a `with` statement. The state of the context on the server is
         #         saved before entering the block, and restored upon exiting it.
         #
-        # @param [String] name which permission to set
-        # @param [String] value what to set the permission to
+        # @param [String] value which context gets set (either 'chrome' or 'content')
         #
 
         def context=(value)

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_log_events.rb

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ module Selenium
           execute_script(mutation_listener)
           devtools.page.add_script_to_evaluate_on_new_document(source: mutation_listener)
 
-          devtools.runtime.on(:binding_called, &method(:log_mutation_event))
+          devtools.runtime.on(:binding_called) { |event| log_mutation_event(event) }
         end
 
         def log_mutation_event(params)

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_extensions/has_pinned_scripts.rb

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ module Selenium
         #
         # Unpins script making it undefined for the subsequent calls.
         #
-        # @param [DevTools::PinnedScript]
+        # @param [DevTools::PinnedScript] script
         #
 
         def unpin_script(script)

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/element.rb

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module Selenium
       alias_method :eql?, :==
 
       def hash
-        @id.hash ^ @bridge.hash
+        [@id, @bridge].hash
       end
 
       #

data/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/error.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ module Selenium
       def self.for_error(error)
         return if error.nil?
 
-        klass_name = error.split(' ').map(&:capitalize).join.sub(/Error$/, '')
+        klass_name = error.split.map(&:capitalize).join.sub(/Error$/, '')
         const_get("#{klass_name}Error", false)
       rescue NameError
         WebDriverError