script_core 0.2.2 → 0.2.7

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrbgem.rake

@@ -5,14 +5,8 @@
 
   spec.cc.include_paths << "#{build.root}/src"
 
-  case RUBY_PLATFORM
-  when /mingw|mswin|msys/
-    spec.linker.libraries += ['Ws2_32']
-    #spec.cc.include_paths += ["C:/Windows/system/include"]
-    spec.linker.library_paths += ["C:/Windows/system"]
-  end
-  if build.kind_of?(MRuby::CrossBuild) && %w(x86_64-w64-mingw32 i686-w64-mingw32).include?(build.host_target)
-    spec.linker.libraries += ['ws2_32']
+  if for_windows?
+    spec.linker.libraries << "ws2_32"
   end
   spec.add_test_dependency 'mruby-time', core: 'mruby-time'
 end

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/file_constants.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
 class File
   module Constants
-    RDONLY   = 0
-    WRONLY   = 1
-    RDWR     = 2
-    NONBLOCK = 4
-    APPEND   = 8
-
-    BINARY   = 0
-    SYNC     = 128
-    NOFOLLOW = 256
-    CREAT    = 512
-    TRUNC    = 1024
-    EXCL     = 2048
-
-    NOCTTY   = 131072
-    DSYNC    = 4194304
-
     FNM_SYSCASE  = 0
     FNM_NOESCAPE = 1
     FNM_PATHNAME = 2

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/io.rb

@@ -170,21 +170,16 @@ def seek(i, whence = SEEK_SET)
   end
 
   def _read_buf
-    return @buf if @buf && @buf.bytesize >= 4 # maximum UTF-8 character is 4 bytes
-    @buf ||= ""
-    begin
-      @buf += sysread(BUF_SIZE)
-    rescue EOFError => e
-      raise e if @buf.empty?
-    end
+    return @buf if @buf && @buf.bytesize > 0
+    sysread(BUF_SIZE, @buf)
   end
 
   def ungetc(substr)
     raise TypeError.new "expect String, got #{substr.class}" unless substr.is_a?(String)
     if @buf.empty?
-      @buf = substr.dup
+      @buf.replace(substr)
     else
-      @buf = substr + @buf
+      @buf[0,0] = substr
     end
     nil
   end
@@ -288,15 +283,15 @@ def gets(*args)
 
   def readchar
     _read_buf
-    c = @buf[0]
-    @buf[0] = ""
-    c
+    _readchar(@buf)
   end
 
   def getc
     begin
       readchar
     rescue EOFError
+      c = @buf[0]
+      @buf[0,1]="" if c
       nil
     end
   end

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file.c

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
   #define PATH_SEPARATOR ";"
   #define FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR "\\"
+  #define VOLUME_SEPARATOR ":"
 #else
   #define PATH_SEPARATOR ":"
 #endif
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ flock(int fd, int operation) {
 }
 #endif
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_file_s_umask(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ mrb_file_realpath(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   return result;
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_file__getwd(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_value path;
@@ -279,12 +280,59 @@ mrb_file__getwd(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   return path;
 }
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define IS_FILESEP(x) (x == (*(char*)(FILE_SEPARATOR)) || x == (*(char*)(FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR)))
+#define IS_VOLSEP(x) (x == (*(char*)(VOLUME_SEPARATOR)))
+#define IS_DEVICEID(x) (x == '.' || x == '?')
+#define CHECK_UNCDEV_PATH (IS_FILESEP(path[0]) && IS_FILESEP(path[1]))
+
+static int 
+is_absolute_traditional_path(const char *path, size_t len)
+{
+  if (len < 3) return 0;
+  return (ISALPHA(path[0]) && IS_VOLSEP(path[1]) && IS_FILESEP(path[2]));
+}
+
+static int 
+is_aboslute_unc_path(const char *path, size_t len) {
+  if (len < 2) return 0;
+  return (CHECK_UNCDEV_PATH && !IS_DEVICEID(path[2]));
+}
+
+static int 
+is_absolute_device_path(const char *path, size_t len) {
+  if (len < 4) return 0;
+  return (CHECK_UNCDEV_PATH && IS_DEVICEID(path[2]) && IS_FILESEP(path[3]));
+}
+
 static int
 mrb_file_is_absolute_path(const char *path)
 {
-  return (path[0] == '/');
+  size_t len = strlen(path);
+  if (IS_FILESEP(path[0])) return 1;
+  if (len > 0)
+    return (
+      is_absolute_traditional_path(path, len) || 
+      is_aboslute_unc_path(path, len) || 
+      is_absolute_device_path(path, len)
+      );
+  else
+    return 0;
 }
 
+#undef IS_FILESEP
+#undef IS_VOLSEP
+#undef IS_DEVICEID
+#undef CHECK_UNCDEV_PATH
+
+#else
+static int
+mrb_file_is_absolute_path(const char *path)
+{
+  return (path[0] == *(char*)(FILE_SEPARATOR));
+}
+#endif
+
 static mrb_value
 mrb_file__gethome(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
@@ -319,7 +367,7 @@ mrb_file__gethome(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   path = mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, home);
   mrb_locale_free(home);
   return path;
-#else
+#else  /* _WIN32 */
   argc = mrb_get_argc(mrb);
   if (argc == 0) {
     home = getenv("USERPROFILE");
@@ -353,7 +401,7 @@ mrb_file_mtime(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_funcall(mrb, obj, "at", 1, mrb_fixnum_value(st.st_mtime));
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_file_flock(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
 #if defined(sun)
@@ -402,15 +450,15 @@ mrb_file_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 #ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "File#size too large for MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT");
 #else
-    return mrb_float_value(mrb, st.st_size);
+    return mrb_float_value(mrb, (mrb_float)st.st_size);
 #endif
   }
 
-  return mrb_fixnum_value(st.st_size);
+  return mrb_fixnum_value((mrb_int)st.st_size);
 }
 
 static int
-mrb_ftruncate(int fd, int64_t length)
+mrb_ftruncate(int fd, mrb_int length)
 {
 #ifndef _WIN32
   return ftruncate(fd, (off_t)length);
@@ -443,32 +491,11 @@ static mrb_value
 mrb_file_truncate(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   int fd;
-  int64_t length;
-  mrb_value lenv;
+  mrb_int length;
+  mrb_value lenv = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   fd = mrb_io_fileno(mrb, self);
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &lenv);
-  switch (mrb_type(lenv)) {
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-    case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
-      {
-        mrb_float lenf = mrb_float(lenv);
-        if (lenf > INT64_MAX) {
-          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "length too large");
-        }
-        length = (int64_t)lenf;
-      }
-      break;
-#endif
-    case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
-    default:
-      {
-        mrb_int leni = mrb_int(mrb, lenv);
-        length = (int64_t)leni;
-      }
-      break;
-  }
-
+  length = mrb_int(mrb, lenv);
   if (mrb_ftruncate(fd, length) != 0) {
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_IO_ERROR, "ftruncate failed");
   }
@@ -599,4 +626,22 @@ mrb_init_file(mrb_state *mrb)
 #endif
   mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "NULL", mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, NULL_FILE));
 
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "RDONLY", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_RDONLY));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "WRONLY", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_WRONLY));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "RDWR", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_RDWR));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "APPEND", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_APPEND));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "CREAT", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_CREAT));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "EXCL", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_EXCL));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "TRUNC", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_TRUNC));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "NONBLOCK", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_NONBLOCK));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "NOCTTY", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_NOCTTY));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "BINARY", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_BINARY));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "SHARE_DELETE", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_SHARE_DELETE));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "SYNC", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_SYNC));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "DSYNC", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_DSYNC));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "RSYNC", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_RSYNC));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "NOFOLLOW", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_NOFOLLOW));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "NOATIME", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_NOATIME));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "DIRECT", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_DIRECT));
+  mrb_define_const(mrb, cnst, "TMPFILE", mrb_fixnum_value(MRB_O_TMPFILE));
 }

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file_test.c

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ mrb_lstat(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, struct stat *st)
  *    File.directory?(".")
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_directory_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #ifndef S_ISDIR
@@ -94,9 +93,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_directory_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 #endif
 
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -113,7 +110,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_directory_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a pipe.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_pipe_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
@@ -125,9 +122,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_pipe_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 #  endif
 
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -146,7 +141,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_pipe_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a symbolic link.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_symlink_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
@@ -168,9 +163,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_symlink_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 
 #ifdef S_ISLNK
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_lstat(mrb, obj, &st) == -1)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -189,7 +182,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_symlink_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a socket.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_socket_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
@@ -211,9 +204,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_socket_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 
 #ifdef S_ISSOCK
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -233,13 +224,12 @@ mrb_filetest_s_socket_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * Return <code>true</code> if the named file exists.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_exist_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
 
@@ -254,7 +244,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_exist_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * regular file.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_file_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
 #ifndef S_ISREG
@@ -262,9 +252,7 @@ mrb_filetest_s_file_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 #endif
 
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -282,13 +270,11 @@ mrb_filetest_s_file_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * a zero size.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_zero_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_false_value();
@@ -307,13 +293,11 @@ mrb_filetest_s_zero_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * _file_name_ can be an IO object.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "mrb_stat");
@@ -329,13 +313,11 @@ mrb_filetest_s_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
  * file otherwise.
  */
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_filetest_s_size_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   struct stat st;
-  mrb_value obj;
-
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &obj);
+  mrb_value obj = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
 
   if (mrb_stat(mrb, obj, &st) < 0)
     return mrb_nil_value();

data/ext/enterprise_script_service/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c

@@ -31,14 +31,21 @@
   typedef long ftime_t;
   typedef long fsuseconds_t;
   typedef int fmode_t;
+  typedef int mrb_io_read_write_size;
+
+  #ifndef O_TMPFILE
+    #define O_TMPFILE O_TEMPORARY
+  #endif
 
 #else
   #include <sys/wait.h>
+  #include <sys/time.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
   typedef size_t fsize_t;
   typedef time_t ftime_t;
   typedef suseconds_t fsuseconds_t;
   typedef mode_t fmode_t;
+  typedef ssize_t mrb_io_read_write_size;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -48,9 +55,14 @@ typedef mrb_int pid_t;
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#define OPEN_ACCESS_MODE_FLAGS (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR)
+#define OPEN_RDONLY_P(f)       ((mrb_bool)(((f) & OPEN_ACCESS_MODE_FLAGS) == O_RDONLY))
+#define OPEN_WRONLY_P(f)       ((mrb_bool)(((f) & OPEN_ACCESS_MODE_FLAGS) == O_WRONLY))
+#define OPEN_RDWR_P(f)         ((mrb_bool)(((f) & OPEN_ACCESS_MODE_FLAGS) == O_RDWR))
+#define OPEN_READABLE_P(f)     ((mrb_bool)(OPEN_RDONLY_P(f) || OPEN_RDWR_P(f)))
+#define OPEN_WRITABLE_P(f)     ((mrb_bool)(OPEN_WRONLY_P(f) || OPEN_RDWR_P(f)))
 
 static void mrb_io_free(mrb_state *mrb, void *ptr);
 struct mrb_data_type mrb_io_type = { "IO", mrb_io_free };
@@ -58,7 +70,7 @@ struct mrb_data_type mrb_io_type = { "IO", mrb_io_free };
 
 static struct mrb_io *io_get_open_fptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 static int mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, const char *modestr);
-static int mrb_io_flags_to_modenum(mrb_state *mrb, int flags);
+static int mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value mode);
 static void fptr_finalize(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_io *fptr, int quiet);
 
 static struct mrb_io *
@@ -100,30 +112,33 @@ io_set_process_status(mrb_state *mrb, pid_t pid, int status)
 static int
 mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mode)
 {
-  int flags = 0;
+  int flags;
   const char *m = mode;
 
   switch (*m++) {
     case 'r':
-      flags |= FMODE_READABLE;
+      flags = O_RDONLY;
       break;
     case 'w':
-      flags |= FMODE_WRITABLE | FMODE_CREATE | FMODE_TRUNC;
+      flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
       break;
     case 'a':
-      flags |= FMODE_WRITABLE | FMODE_APPEND | FMODE_CREATE;
+      flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
       break;
     default:
       mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "illegal access mode %s", mode);
+      flags = 0; /* not reached */
   }
 
   while (*m) {
     switch (*m++) {
       case 'b':
-        flags |= FMODE_BINMODE;
+#ifdef O_BINARY
+        flags |= O_BINARY;
+#endif
         break;
       case '+':
-        flags |= FMODE_READWRITE;
+        flags = (flags & ~OPEN_ACCESS_MODE_FLAGS) | O_RDWR;
         break;
       case ':':
         /* XXX: PASSTHROUGH*/
@@ -136,38 +151,72 @@ mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mode)
 }
 
 static int
-mrb_io_flags_to_modenum(mrb_state *mrb, int flags)
+mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value mode)
 {
-  int modenum = 0;
-
-  switch(flags & (FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_WRITABLE|FMODE_READWRITE)) {
-    case FMODE_READABLE:
-      modenum = O_RDONLY;
-      break;
-    case FMODE_WRITABLE:
-      modenum = O_WRONLY;
-      break;
-    case FMODE_READWRITE:
-      modenum = O_RDWR;
-      break;
-  }
-
-  if (flags & FMODE_APPEND) {
-    modenum |= O_APPEND;
-  }
-  if (flags & FMODE_TRUNC) {
-    modenum |= O_TRUNC;
+  if (mrb_nil_p(mode)) {
+    return mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, "r");
   }
-  if (flags & FMODE_CREATE) {
-    modenum |= O_CREAT;
+  else if (mrb_string_p(mode)) {
+    return mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, mode));
   }
+  else {
+    int flags = 0;
+    mrb_int flags0 = mrb_int(mrb, mode);
+
+    switch (flags0 & MRB_O_ACCMODE) {
+      case MRB_O_RDONLY:
+        flags |= O_RDONLY;
+        break;
+      case MRB_O_WRONLY:
+        flags |= O_WRONLY;
+        break;
+      case MRB_O_RDWR:
+        flags |= O_RDWR;
+        break;
+      default:
+        mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "illegal access mode %v", mode);
+    }
+
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_APPEND)        flags |= O_APPEND;
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_CREAT)         flags |= O_CREAT;
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_EXCL)          flags |= O_EXCL;
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_TRUNC)         flags |= O_TRUNC;
+#ifdef O_NONBLOCK
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_NONBLOCK)      flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_NOCTTY
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_NOCTTY)        flags |= O_NOCTTY;
+#endif
 #ifdef O_BINARY
-  if (flags & FMODE_BINMODE) {
-    modenum |= O_BINARY;
-  }
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_BINARY)        flags |= O_BINARY;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_SHARE_DELETE
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_SHARE_DELETE)  flags |= O_SHARE_DELETE;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_SYNC
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_SYNC)          flags |= O_SYNC;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_DSYNC
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_DSYNC)         flags |= O_DSYNC;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_RSYNC
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_RSYNC)         flags |= O_RSYNC;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_NOFOLLOW
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_NOFOLLOW)      flags |= O_NOFOLLOW;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_NOATIME
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_NOATIME)       flags |= O_NOATIME;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_DIRECT
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_DIRECT)        flags |= O_DIRECT;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_TMPFILE
+    if (flags0 & MRB_O_TMPFILE)       flags |= O_TMPFILE;
 #endif
 
-  return modenum;
+    return flags;
+  }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -292,7 +341,7 @@ option_to_fd(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, const char *key)
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_value cmd, io;
@@ -317,11 +366,11 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   ofd[0] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   ofd[1] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|SH", &cmd, &mode, &opt);
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|oH", &cmd, &mode, &opt);
   io = mrb_obj_value(mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb, mrb_class_ptr(klass), NULL, &mrb_io_type));
 
   pname = RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, cmd);
-  flags = mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, mode));
+  flags = mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb, mode);
 
   doexec = (strcmp("-", pname) != 0);
   opt_in = option_to_fd(mrb, opt, "in");
@@ -332,14 +381,14 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
   saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
 
-  if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+  if (OPEN_READABLE_P(flags)) {
     if (!CreatePipe(&ofd[0], &ofd[1], &saAttr, 0)
         || !SetHandleInformation(ofd[0], HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
       mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "pipe");
     }
   }
 
-  if (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
+  if (OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags)) {
     if (!CreatePipe(&ifd[0], &ifd[1], &saAttr, 0)
         || !SetHandleInformation(ifd[1], HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
       mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "pipe");
@@ -353,11 +402,11 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
     si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
     si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
     si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
-    if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+    if (OPEN_READABLE_P(flags)) {
       si.hStdOutput = ofd[1];
       si.hStdError = ofd[1];
     }
-    if (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
+    if (OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags)) {
       si.hStdInput = ifd[0];
     }
     if (!CreateProcess(
@@ -381,8 +430,8 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   fptr->fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)ofd[0], 0);
   fptr->fd2 = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)ifd[1], 0);
   fptr->pid = pid;
-  fptr->readable = ((flags & FMODE_READABLE) != 0);
-  fptr->writable = ((flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) != 0);
+  fptr->readable = OPEN_READABLE_P(flags);
+  fptr->writable = OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags);
   fptr->sync = 0;
 
   DATA_TYPE(io) = &mrb_io_type;
@@ -390,14 +439,14 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   return io;
 }
 #elif defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_raise(mrb, E_NOTIMP_ERROR, "IO#popen is not supported on the platform");
   return mrb_false_value();
 }
 #else
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_value cmd, io, result;
@@ -413,18 +462,18 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   int saved_errno;
   int opt_in, opt_out, opt_err;
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|SH", &cmd, &mode, &opt);
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|oH", &cmd, &mode, &opt);
   io = mrb_obj_value(mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb, mrb_class_ptr(klass), NULL, &mrb_io_type));
 
   pname = RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, cmd);
-  flags = mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, mode));
+  flags = mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb, mode);
 
   doexec = (strcmp("-", pname) != 0);
   opt_in = option_to_fd(mrb, opt, "in");
   opt_out = option_to_fd(mrb, opt, "out");
   opt_err = option_to_fd(mrb, opt, "err");
 
-  if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+  if (OPEN_READABLE_P(flags)) {
     if (pipe(pr) == -1) {
       mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "pipe");
     }
@@ -432,7 +481,7 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
     mrb_fd_cloexec(mrb, pr[1]);
   }
 
-  if (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
+  if (OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags)) {
     if (pipe(pw) == -1) {
       if (pr[0] != -1) close(pr[0]);
       if (pr[1] != -1) close(pr[1]);
@@ -461,14 +510,14 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
       if (opt_err != -1) {
         dup2(opt_err, 2);
       }
-      if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+      if (OPEN_READABLE_P(flags)) {
         close(pr[0]);
         if (pr[1] != 1) {
           dup2(pr[1], 1);
           close(pr[1]);
         }
       }
-      if (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
+      if (OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags)) {
         close(pw[1]);
         if (pw[0] != 0) {
           dup2(pw[0], 0);
@@ -487,12 +536,12 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
       break;
 
     default: /* parent */
-      if ((flags & FMODE_READABLE) && (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE)) {
+      if (OPEN_RDWR_P(flags)) {
         close(pr[1]);
         fd = pr[0];
         close(pw[0]);
         write_fd = pw[1];
-      } else if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+      } else if (OPEN_RDONLY_P(flags)) {
         close(pr[1]);
         fd = pr[0];
       } else {
@@ -506,8 +555,8 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
       fptr->fd = fd;
       fptr->fd2 = write_fd;
       fptr->pid = pid;
-      fptr->readable = ((flags & FMODE_READABLE) != 0);
-      fptr->writable = ((flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) != 0);
+      fptr->readable = OPEN_READABLE_P(flags);
+      fptr->writable = OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags);
       fptr->sync = 0;
 
       DATA_TYPE(io) = &mrb_io_type;
@@ -517,11 +566,11 @@ mrb_io_s_popen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 
     case -1: /* error */
       saved_errno = errno;
-      if (flags & FMODE_READABLE) {
+      if (OPEN_READABLE_P(flags)) {
         close(pr[0]);
         close(pr[1]);
       }
-      if (flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
+      if (OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags)) {
         close(pw[0]);
         close(pw[1]);
       }
@@ -547,16 +596,15 @@ mrb_dup(mrb_state *mrb, int fd, mrb_bool *failed)
   return new_fd;
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_initialize_copy(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value copy)
 {
-  mrb_value orig;
+  mrb_value orig = mrb_get_arg1(mrb);
   mrb_value buf;
   struct mrb_io *fptr_copy;
   struct mrb_io *fptr_orig;
   mrb_bool failed = TRUE;
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "o", &orig);
   fptr_orig = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, orig);
   fptr_copy = (struct mrb_io *)DATA_PTR(copy);
   if (fptr_orig == fptr_copy) return copy;
@@ -596,7 +644,44 @@ mrb_io_initialize_copy(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value copy)
   return copy;
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static void
+check_file_descriptor(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int fd)
+{
+  struct stat sb;
+  int fdi = (int)fd;
+
+#if MRB_INT_MIN < INT_MIN || MRB_INT_MAX > INT_MAX
+  if (fdi != fd) {
+    goto badfd;
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  {
+    DWORD err;
+    int len = sizeof(err);
+
+    if (getsockopt(fdi, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char*)&err, &len) == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (fdi < 0 || fdi > _getmaxstdio()) {
+    goto badfd;
+  }
+#endif /* _WIN32 */
+
+  if (fstat(fdi, &sb) != 0) {
+    goto badfd;
+  }
+
+  return;
+
+badfd:
+  mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "bad file descriptor");
+}
+
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_initialize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -606,7 +691,8 @@ mrb_io_initialize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 
   mode = opt = mrb_nil_value();
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "i|So", &fd, &mode, &opt);
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "i|oo", &fd, &mode, &opt);
+  check_file_descriptor(mrb, fd);
   if (mrb_nil_p(mode)) {
     mode = mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, "r");
   }
@@ -614,7 +700,7 @@ mrb_io_initialize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
     opt = mrb_hash_new(mrb);
   }
 
-  flags = mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, mode));
+  flags = mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb, mode);
 
   mrb_iv_set(mrb, io, mrb_intern_cstr(mrb, "@buf"), mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, ""));
 
@@ -629,8 +715,8 @@ mrb_io_initialize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   DATA_PTR(io) = fptr;
 
   fptr->fd = (int)fd;
-  fptr->readable = ((flags & FMODE_READABLE) != 0);
-  fptr->writable = ((flags & FMODE_WRITABLE) != 0);
+  fptr->readable = OPEN_READABLE_P(flags);
+  fptr->writable = OPEN_WRITABLE_P(flags);
   fptr->sync = 0;
   return io;
 }
@@ -698,7 +784,7 @@ fptr_finalize(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_io *fptr, int quiet)
   }
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_check_readable(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, self);
@@ -708,7 +794,7 @@ mrb_io_check_readable(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_nil_value();
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_isatty(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -719,7 +805,7 @@ mrb_io_isatty(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_true_value();
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_for_fd(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   struct RClass *c = mrb_class_ptr(klass);
@@ -732,7 +818,7 @@ mrb_io_s_for_fd(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   return mrb_io_initialize(mrb, obj);
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_sysclose(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_int fd;
@@ -743,7 +829,7 @@ mrb_io_s_sysclose(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
   return mrb_fixnum_value(0);
 }
 
-int
+static int
 mrb_cloexec_open(mrb_state *mrb, const char *pathname, mrb_int flags, mrb_int mode)
 {
   int fd, retry = FALSE;
@@ -778,39 +864,55 @@ reopen:
   return fd;
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_s_sysopen(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
 {
   mrb_value path = mrb_nil_value();
   mrb_value mode = mrb_nil_value();
   mrb_int fd, perm = -1;
   const char *pat;
-  int flags, modenum;
+  int flags;
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|Si", &path, &mode, &perm);
-  if (mrb_nil_p(mode)) {
-    mode = mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, "r");
-  }
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S|oi", &path, &mode, &perm);
   if (perm < 0) {
     perm = 0666;
   }
 
   pat = RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, path);
-  flags = mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb, RSTRING_CSTR(mrb, mode));
-  modenum = mrb_io_flags_to_modenum(mrb, flags);
-  fd = mrb_cloexec_open(mrb, pat, modenum, perm);
+  flags = mrb_io_mode_to_flags(mrb, mode);
+  fd = mrb_cloexec_open(mrb, pat, flags, perm);
   return mrb_fixnum_value(fd);
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value mrb_io_sysread_common(mrb_state *mrb,
+    mrb_io_read_write_size (*readfunc)(int, void *, fsize_t, off_t),
+    mrb_value io, mrb_value buf, mrb_int maxlen, off_t offset);
+
+static mrb_io_read_write_size
+mrb_sysread_dummy(int fd, void *buf, fsize_t nbytes, off_t offset)
+{
+  return (mrb_io_read_write_size)read(fd, buf, nbytes);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_sysread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 {
-  struct mrb_io *fptr;
   mrb_value buf = mrb_nil_value();
   mrb_int maxlen;
-  int ret;
 
   mrb_get_args(mrb, "i|S", &maxlen, &buf);
+
+  return mrb_io_sysread_common(mrb, mrb_sysread_dummy, io, buf, maxlen, 0);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_sysread_common(mrb_state *mrb,
+    mrb_io_read_write_size (*readfunc)(int, void *, fsize_t, off_t),
+    mrb_value io, mrb_value buf, mrb_int maxlen, off_t offset)
+{
+  struct mrb_io *fptr;
+  int ret;
+
   if (maxlen < 0) {
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "negative expanding string size");
   }
@@ -824,7 +926,8 @@ mrb_io_sysread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 
   if (RSTRING_LEN(buf) != maxlen) {
     buf = mrb_str_resize(mrb, buf, maxlen);
-  } else {
+  }
+  else {
     mrb_str_modify(mrb, RSTRING(buf));
   }
 
@@ -832,29 +935,20 @@ mrb_io_sysread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   if (!fptr->readable) {
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_IO_ERROR, "not opened for reading");
   }
-  ret = read(fptr->fd, RSTRING_PTR(buf), (fsize_t)maxlen);
-  switch (ret) {
-    case 0: /* EOF */
-      if (maxlen == 0) {
-        buf = mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, "");
-      } else {
-        mrb_raise(mrb, E_EOF_ERROR, "sysread failed: End of File");
-      }
-      break;
-    case -1: /* Error */
-      mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "sysread failed");
-      break;
-    default:
-      if (RSTRING_LEN(buf) != ret) {
-        buf = mrb_str_resize(mrb, buf, ret);
-      }
-      break;
+  ret = readfunc(fptr->fd, RSTRING_PTR(buf), (fsize_t)maxlen, offset);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "sysread failed");
+  }
+  if (RSTRING_LEN(buf) != ret) {
+    buf = mrb_str_resize(mrb, buf, ret);
+  }
+  if (ret == 0 && maxlen > 0) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_EOF_ERROR, "sysread failed: End of File");
   }
-
   return buf;
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_sysseek(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -882,11 +976,12 @@ mrb_io_sysseek(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   }
 }
 
-mrb_value
-mrb_io_syswrite(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_syswrite_common(mrb_state *mrb,
+    mrb_io_read_write_size (*writefunc)(int, const void *, fsize_t, off_t),
+    mrb_value io, mrb_value buf, off_t offset)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
-  mrb_value str, buf;
   int fd, length;
 
   fptr = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, io);
@@ -894,15 +989,12 @@ mrb_io_syswrite(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_IO_ERROR, "not opened for writing");
   }
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S", &str);
-  buf = str;
-
   if (fptr->fd2 == -1) {
     fd = fptr->fd;
   } else {
     fd = fptr->fd2;
   }
-  length = write(fd, RSTRING_PTR(buf), (fsize_t)RSTRING_LEN(buf));
+  length = writefunc(fd, RSTRING_PTR(buf), (fsize_t)RSTRING_LEN(buf), offset);
   if (length == -1) {
     mrb_sys_fail(mrb, 0);
   }
@@ -910,7 +1002,23 @@ mrb_io_syswrite(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   return mrb_fixnum_value(length);
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_io_read_write_size
+mrb_syswrite_dummy(int fd, const void *buf, fsize_t nbytes, off_t offset)
+{
+  return (mrb_io_read_write_size)write(fd, buf, nbytes);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_syswrite(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
+{
+  mrb_value buf;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S", &buf);
+
+  return mrb_io_syswrite_common(mrb, mrb_syswrite_dummy, io, buf, 0);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_close(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -919,7 +1027,7 @@ mrb_io_close(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_nil_value();
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_close_write(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -930,7 +1038,7 @@ mrb_io_close_write(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_nil_value();
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_closed(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -942,7 +1050,7 @@ mrb_io_closed(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   return mrb_true_value();
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_pid(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -1076,6 +1184,7 @@ mrb_io_s_select(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(read); i++) {
       read_io = RARRAY_PTR(read)[i];
       fptr = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, read_io);
+      if (fptr->fd >= FD_SETSIZE) continue;
       FD_SET(fptr->fd, rp);
       if (mrb_io_read_data_pending(mrb, read_io)) {
         pending++;
@@ -1098,6 +1207,7 @@ mrb_io_s_select(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
     FD_ZERO(wp);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(write); i++) {
       fptr = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(write)[i]);
+      if (fptr->fd >= FD_SETSIZE) continue;
       FD_SET(fptr->fd, wp);
       if (max < fptr->fd)
         max = fptr->fd;
@@ -1117,6 +1227,7 @@ mrb_io_s_select(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
     FD_ZERO(ep);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(except); i++) {
       fptr = io_get_open_fptr(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(except)[i]);
+      if (fptr->fd >= FD_SETSIZE) continue;
       FD_SET(fptr->fd, ep);
       if (max < fptr->fd)
         max = fptr->fd;
@@ -1205,7 +1316,7 @@ mrb_io_fileno_m(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
   return mrb_fixnum_value(fd);
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_close_on_exec_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
 #if defined(F_GETFD) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
@@ -1229,7 +1340,7 @@ mrb_io_close_on_exec_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 #endif
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_set_close_on_exec(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
 #if defined(F_GETFD) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
@@ -1265,7 +1376,7 @@ mrb_io_set_close_on_exec(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 #endif
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_set_sync(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -1277,7 +1388,7 @@ mrb_io_set_sync(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_bool_value(b);
 }
 
-mrb_value
+static mrb_value
 mrb_io_sync(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
   struct mrb_io *fptr;
@@ -1285,15 +1396,55 @@ mrb_io_sync(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return mrb_bool_value(fptr->sync);
 }
 
+#ifndef MRB_WITH_IO_PREAD_PWRITE
+# define mrb_io_pread   mrb_notimplement_m
+# define mrb_io_pwrite  mrb_notimplement_m
+#else
+static off_t
+value2off(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value offv)
+{
+  return (off_t)mrb_int(mrb, offv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *  pread(maxlen, offset, outbuf = "") -> outbuf
+ */
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_pread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
+{
+  mrb_value buf = mrb_nil_value();
+  mrb_value off;
+  mrb_int maxlen;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "io|S!", &maxlen, &off, &buf);
+
+  return mrb_io_sysread_common(mrb, pread, io, buf, maxlen, value2off(mrb, off));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *  pwrite(buffer, offset) -> wrote_bytes
+ */
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_pwrite(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value io)
+{
+  mrb_value buf, off;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "So", &buf, &off);
+
+  return mrb_io_syswrite_common(mrb, pwrite, io, buf, value2off(mrb, off));
+}
+#endif /* MRB_WITH_IO_PREAD_PWRITE */
+
 static mrb_value
-io_bufread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+io_bufread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int len)
 {
-  mrb_value str, str2;
-  mrb_int len, newlen;
+  mrb_value str2;
+  mrb_int newlen;
   struct RString *s;
   char *p;
 
-  mrb_get_args(mrb, "Si", &str, &len);
   s = RSTRING(str);
   mrb_str_modify(mrb, s);
   p = RSTR_PTR(s);
@@ -1306,6 +1457,54 @@ io_bufread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   return str2;
 }
 
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_bufread(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  mrb_value str;
+  mrb_int len;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "Si", &str, &len);
+  return io_bufread(mrb, str, len);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_io_readchar(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  mrb_value buf;
+  mrb_int len = 1;
+#ifdef MRB_UTF8_STRING
+  unsigned char c;
+#endif
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "S", &buf);
+  mrb_assert(RSTRING_LEN(buf) > 0);
+  mrb_assert(RSTRING_PTR(buf) != NULL);
+  mrb_str_modify(mrb, RSTRING(buf));
+#ifdef MRB_UTF8_STRING
+  c = RSTRING_PTR(buf)[0];
+  if (c & 0x80) {
+    len = mrb_utf8len(RSTRING_PTR(buf), RSTRING_END(buf));
+    if (len == 1 && RSTRING_LEN(buf) < 4) { /* partial UTF-8 */
+      mrb_int blen = RSTRING_LEN(buf);
+      ssize_t n;
+
+      struct mrb_io *fptr = (struct mrb_io*)io_get_open_fptr(mrb, self);
+
+      if (!fptr->readable) {
+        mrb_raise(mrb, E_IO_ERROR, "not opened for reading");
+      }
+      /* refill the buffer */
+      mrb_str_resize(mrb, buf, 4096);
+      n = read(fptr->fd, RSTRING_PTR(buf)+blen, 4096-blen);
+      if (n < 0) mrb_sys_fail(mrb, "sysread failed");
+      mrb_str_resize(mrb, buf, blen+n);
+    }
+    len = mrb_utf8len(RSTRING_PTR(buf), RSTRING_END(buf));
+  }
+#endif
+  return io_bufread(mrb, buf, len);
+}
+
 void
 mrb_init_io(mrb_state *mrb)
 {
@@ -1340,6 +1539,9 @@ mrb_init_io(mrb_state *mrb)
   mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "closed?",    mrb_io_closed,     MRB_ARGS_NONE());   /* 15.2.20.5.2 */
   mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "pid",        mrb_io_pid,        MRB_ARGS_NONE());   /* 15.2.20.5.2 */
   mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "fileno",     mrb_io_fileno_m,   MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "pread",      mrb_io_pread,      MRB_ARGS_ANY());    /* ruby 2.5 feature */
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "pwrite",     mrb_io_pwrite,     MRB_ARGS_ANY());    /* ruby 2.5 feature */
 
-  mrb_define_class_method(mrb, io, "_bufread",   io_bufread,        MRB_ARGS_REQ(2));
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, io, "_readchar",  mrb_io_readchar,   MRB_ARGS_REQ(1));
+  mrb_define_class_method(mrb, io, "_bufread",   mrb_io_bufread,    MRB_ARGS_REQ(2));
 }