schema-tools 1.0.0

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data/LICENSE

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data/README.md

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+# Schema Tools for OpenSearch and Elasticsearch
+
+## Features
+- Specify index settings and mappings in simple `.json` files.
+- Migrate and reindex to a new index with zero downtime using aliases.
+- Download schemas from existing aliases or indices.
+- Create new aliases with sample schemas.
+- Manage painless scripts independently from schema migrations.
+
+## Quick start
+
+Install this Ruby gem.
+
+```sh
+gem install schema-tools
+```
+
+### Configuration
+
+Set the connection URL for your OpenSearch or Elasticsearch instance:
+
+```sh
+export OPENSEARCH_URL=http://localhost:9200
+# or
+export ELASTICSEARCH_URL=https://your-cluster.com
+```
+
+For authenticated instances, optionally set username and password:
+
+```sh
+export ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME=your_username
+export ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD=your_password
+# or
+export OPENSEARCH_USERNAME=your_username
+export OPENSEARCH_PASSWORD=your_password
+```
+
+### Download an existing schema
+
+Run `rake schema:download` to download a schema from an existing alias or index:
+
+```sh
+$ rake schema:download
+
+# Aliases pointing to 1 index:
+#   1. products -> products-20241201120000
+#   2. users -> users-20241201120000
+
+# Indexes not part of any aliases:
+#   1. old-index
+#   2. temp-index
+
+# Please choose an alias or index to download:
+# Enter 'alias:<name>' for an alias or 'index:<name>' for an index:
+```
+
+The task will generate schema definition files in a folder layout like this:
+
+```
+schemas/products         # Folder name matches the alias name
+  settings.json          # OpenSearch/Elasticsearch index settings
+  mappings.json          # OpenSearch/Elasticsearch index mappings
+  reindex.painless       # Optional reindexing data transformation logic
+```
+
+### Migrate schemas
+
+To migrate your OpenSearch/Elasticsearch indexes to the latest versions defined in the `schemas/` folder:
+
+```sh
+rake schema:migrate
+```
+
+To migrate a specific alias:
+
+```sh
+rake 'schema:migrate[products]'
+```
+
+### Create a new alias
+
+Run `rake schema:new` to create a new alias with an index and a sample schema:
+
+```sh
+$ rake schema:new
+
+# Enter a new alias name:
+# products
+# ✓ Created index 'products-20241201120000' with alias 'products'
+# ✓ Sample schema created at schemas/products
+#   - settings.json
+#   - mappings.json
+```
+
+## Directory structure reference
+
+Example directory structure with multiple aliases:
+
+```
+schemas/products
+  settings.json
+  mappings.json
+  reindex.painless    # Optional reindexing data transformation logic
+schemas/users
+  settings.json
+  mappings.json
+```
+
+Each schema folder name matches the name of an alias.
+
+## Other settings and tasks
+
+Use `rake schema:seed` to seed an index with sample documents that conform to your schema.
+
+Use `DRYRUN` to simulate but not apply any POST/PUT/DELETE operations to your index:
+
+```
+DRYRUN=true rake schema:migrate
+```
+
+Use `INTERACTIVE` to prompt to proceed before applying any POST/PUT/DELETE operations to your index:
+
+```
+INTERACTIVE=true rake schema:migrate
+```
+
+
+## How migrations work
+
+When possible, `rake schema:migrate` will update settings and mappings in-place on an aliased index, without reindexing. Only breaking changes require a reindex.
+
+Migrating breaking changes requires careful orchestration of reads and writes to ensure documents that are created/updated/deleted during the migration are not lost.
+
+Use case:
+- I have an alias `products` pointing at index `products-20250301000000`.
+- I have heavy reads and writes with 100M+ documents in the index
+- I want to reindex `products-20250301000000` into a new index and update the `products` alias to reference it, without losing any creates/updates/deletes during the process.
+
+Rake `schema:migrate` solves this use case through the following procedure.
+
+First, some terms:
+- `alias_name`: Alias containing the index to migrate
+	- `products`
+- `current_index`: First and only index in the alias
+	- `products-20250301000000`
+- `new_index`: Final canonical index into which to migrate `current_index`
+	- `products-20250601000000`
+- `catchup1_index`: Temp index to preserve writes during reindex
+	- `products-20250601000000-catchup-1`
+- `catchup2_index`: Temp index to preserve writes while flushing `catchup1_index`
+	- `products-20250601000000-catchup-2`
+- `log_index`: Index to log the migration state, not stored with `alias_name`
+	- `products-20250601000000-migration-log`
+
+SETUP
+
+Create `log_index` to log the migration state.
+- The migration logs when it starts and completes a step along with a description.
+
+STEP 1
+
+Create `catchup1_index` using the new schema.
+- This index will preserve writes during the reindex.
+
+STEP 2
+
+Configure `alias_name` to only write to `catchup1_index` and read from `current_index` and `catchup1_index`.
+
+STEP 3
+
+Create `new_index` using the new schema.
+
+Reindex `current_index` into `new_index`.
+
+```
+POST _reindex
+{
+  "source": { "index": "#{current_index}" },
+  "dest": { "index": "#{new_index}" },
+  "conflicts": "proceed",
+  "refresh": false
+}
+```
+
+STEP 4
+
+Create `catchup2_index` using the new schema.
+- This index ensures a place for ongoing writes while flushing `catchup1_index`.
+
+STEP 5
+
+Configure `alias_name` to only write to `catchup2_index` and continue reading from `current_index` and `catchup1_index`.
+
+STEP 6
+
+Reindex `catchup1_index` into `new_index`.
+- Merge the first catchup index into the new canonical index.
+
+STEP 7
+
+Configure `alias_name` so there are NO write indexes
+- This guarantees that no writes can sneak into an obsolete catchup index during the second (quick) merge.
+- Any write operations will fail during this time with: `"reason": "Alias [FOO] has more than one index associated with it [...], can't execute a single index op"`
+- Clients must retry any failed writes.
+
+STEP 8
+
+Reindex `catchup2_index` into `new_index`
+- Final sync to merge the second catchup index into the new canonical index.
+
+STEP 9
+
+Configure `alias_name` to write to and read from `new_index` only.
+- Writes resume to the single new index. All data and deletes are consistent.
+
+STEP 10
+
+Close unused indexes to avoid accidental writes.
+- Close `catchup1_index`
+- Close `catchup2_index`
+- Close `current_index`
+Operation complete.
+
+Users can safely delete closed indexes anytime after they are closed.
+
+Caveats for clients that perform writes during the migration:
+- Clients MUST retry failed creates/updates/deletes for up to a minute.
+	- Writes will be temporarily disabled for up to a few seconds during the procedure to ensure no data loss.
+- Clients MUST use `delete_by_query` when deleting documents to ensure documents are deleted from all indexes in the alias during reindexing.
+	- If using `DELETE` to delete a single document from an alias, clients might delete from the wrong index and receive a successful response containing "result: not_found". The new index will _not_ reflect such a deletion.
+- Clients MUST read and write to an alias, not directly to an index.
+	- To prevent downtime, the migration procedure only operates on aliased indexes.
+	- Run `rake schema:alias` to create a new alias pointed at an index.
+	- Client applications must read and write to alias_name instead of index_name.
+
+### Diagnosing a failed or aborted migration
+
+If a migration fails or aborts, check status logs in the index named `#{alias_name}-#{timestamp}-migration-log`
+
+### Transform data during migration
+
+Change the data when migrating to a new schema via the `reindex.painless` script. For example, when renaming a field, the `reindex.painless` script can specify how to modify data when migrating.
+
+`reindex.painless` runs one time when reindexing into a new index.
+
+### Manage painless scripts
+
+- Download, edit, and upload centrally managed painless scripts.
+- Version control painless scripts alongside code
+- Manage scripts independently from schema migrations
+- Easily sync scripts between different environments
+- Track changes to scripts over time
+
+#### Download painless scripts from cluster
+
+To download all painless scripts from a cluster and store them in the `painless_scripts/` directory (configurable via `PAINLESS_SCRIPTS_PATH` environment variable):
+
+```sh
+rake painless_scripts:download
+```
+
+#### Upload painless scripts to cluster
+
+To upload all `*.painless` script files from the local `painless_scripts` directory into the cluster.
+
+```sh
+rake painless_scripts:upload
+```
+
+#### Delete a painless script from cluster
+
+To delete a specific painless script from the cluster:
+
+```sh
+rake 'painless_scripts:delete[script_name]'
+```
+
+This will:
+- Delete the specified script from the cluster
+- Accept script names with or without the `.painless` extension
+- Handle cases where the script doesn't exist gracefully
+
+### Apply a schema change to Staging and Production 
+
+Run GitHub Actions for your branch to prepare a given environment. The actions use the  `schema:migrate` task underneath.
+
+GitHub Actions:
+- OpenSearch Staging Migrate
+- OpenSearch Production Migrate
+
+### Delete an index
+
+Run `rake 'schema:close[index_name]'` to close an index. This will prevent reads and writes to the index. Verify that the application can operate with the index in a closed state before deleting it.
+
+Run `rake 'schema:delete[index_name]'` to hard-delete an index. For safety, this task only hard-deletes indexes that are closed.
+
+Run `rake 'schema:close[alias_name]'` to close all indexes in an alias.
+
+Run `rake 'schema:delete[alias_name]'` to delete an alias and leave its indexes untouched.
+
+GitHub Actions:
+- OpenSearch Staging Close Index
+- OpenSearch Production Close Index
+- OpenSearch Staging Delete Index
+- OpenSearch Production Delete Index

data/bin/integrate

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+puts "🔧 Schema Tools Integration Helper"
+puts "=================================="
+puts ""
+
+if ARGV.empty?
+  puts "Usage: ./bin/integrate <project_path> [options]"
+  puts ""
+  puts "Options:"
+  puts "  --submodule    Add as git submodule (recommended)"
+  puts "  --copy         Copy files into project"
+  puts "  --gem          Setup as gem dependency"
+  puts ""
+  puts "Examples:"
+  puts "  ./bin/integrate ../myapp --submodule"
+  puts "  ./bin/integrate ../myapp --copy"
+  puts "  ./bin/integrate ../myapp --gem"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+project_path = ARGV[0]
+option = ARGV[1] || '--submodule'
+
+unless Dir.exist?(project_path)
+  puts "❌ Project path does not exist: #{project_path}"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+puts "📁 Project path: #{project_path}"
+puts "⚙️  Integration method: #{option}"
+puts ""
+
+case option
+when '--submodule'
+  puts "🔗 Setting up as git submodule..."
+  
+  # Check if it's a git repository
+  unless Dir.exist?(File.join(project_path, '.git'))
+    puts "❌ Target project is not a git repository"
+    exit 1
+  end
+  
+  # Add submodule
+  system("cd #{project_path} && git submodule add #{`git remote get-url origin`.strip} vendor/schema-tools")
+  system("cd #{project_path} && git submodule update --init --recursive")
+  
+  # Create wrapper Rakefile
+  wrapper_rakefile = File.join(project_path, 'Rakefile')
+  if File.exist?(wrapper_rakefile)
+    puts "⚠️  Rakefile already exists. Creating schema-tools.rake instead."
+    wrapper_rakefile = File.join(project_path, 'lib', 'tasks', 'schema-tools.rake')
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(wrapper_rakefile))
+  end
+  
+  File.write(wrapper_rakefile, <<~RUBY)
+    # Schema Tools Integration
+    require_relative 'vendor/schema-tools/Rakefile'
+    
+    # Your custom tasks here
+    namespace :myapp do
+      desc "Deploy with schema migration"
+      task :deploy, [:index_name] do |t, args|
+        puts "🚀 Deploying #{args[:index_name]}..."
+        Rake::Task['schema:migrate'].invoke(args[:index_name])
+        puts "✅ Deployment complete!"
+      end
+    end
+  RUBY
+  
+  puts "✅ Submodule integration complete!"
+  puts "📝 Created: #{wrapper_rakefile}"
+  
+when '--copy'
+  puts "📋 Copying files to project..."
+  
+  # Copy lib directory
+  target_lib = File.join(project_path, 'lib', 'schema_tools')
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(target_lib)
+  FileUtils.cp_r('lib/schema_tools/.', target_lib)
+  
+  # Copy tasks
+  target_tasks = File.join(project_path, 'lib', 'tasks')
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(target_tasks)
+  FileUtils.cp('lib/tasks/opensearch.rake', target_tasks)
+  FileUtils.cp('lib/tasks/elasticsearch.rake', target_tasks)
+  
+  puts "✅ Copy integration complete!"
+  puts "📁 Copied to: #{target_lib}"
+  
+when '--gem'
+  puts "💎 Setting up as gem dependency..."
+  
+  gemfile_path = File.join(project_path, 'Gemfile')
+  unless File.exist?(gemfile_path)
+    puts "❌ Gemfile not found in project"
+    exit 1
+  end
+  
+  # Add gem to Gemfile
+  gem_entry = "gem 'schema-tools', path: '#{File.expand_path('.')}'"
+  
+  if File.read(gemfile_path).include?('schema-tools')
+    puts "⚠️  schema-tools already in Gemfile"
+  else
+    File.open(gemfile_path, 'a') do |f|
+      f.puts ""
+      f.puts "# Schema Tools"
+      f.puts gem_entry
+    end
+    puts "✅ Added to Gemfile: #{gem_entry}"
+  end
+  
+  puts "📝 Run 'bundle install' in your project to install the gem"
+  
+else
+  puts "❌ Unknown option: #{option}"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+puts ""
+puts "🎉 Integration complete!"
+puts ""
+puts "Next steps:"
+puts "1. Set environment variables:"
+puts "   export OPENSEARCH_URL=https://your-cluster.com"
+puts "   export SCHEMAS_PATH=db/schemas"
+puts ""
+puts "2. Create your schemas in the schemas directory"
+puts ""
+puts "3. Run migrations:"
+puts "   rake 'schema:migrate[your-index]'"
+puts ""
+puts "📖 See INTEGRATION_GUIDE.md for more details"

data/bin/setup

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+puts "Setting up Schema Tools..."
+
+FileUtils.mkdir_p('schemas')
+FileUtils.mkdir_p('lib/tasks')
+FileUtils.mkdir_p('test')
+
+puts "Installing dependencies..."
+system('bundle install')
+
+puts "Setting up example schemas..."
+system('cp -r examples/* schemas/') if Dir.exist?('examples')
+
+puts "Setup complete!"
+puts ""
+puts "To get started:"
+puts "1. Start OpenSearch: docker-compose up -d"
+puts "2. Create your first schema in schemas/"
+puts "3. Run: rake 'schema:migrate[your_index_name]'"
+puts "4. Run tests: rake spec"