sassc 0.0.1

data/ext/libsass/extend.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#define SASS_EXTEND
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifndef SASS_AST
+#include "ast.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SASS_OPERATION
+#include "operation.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SASS_SUBSET_MAP
+#include "subset_map.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace Sass {
+  using namespace std;
+
+  struct Context;
+
+  typedef Subset_Map<string, pair<Complex_Selector*, Compound_Selector*> > ExtensionSubsetMap;
+
+  class Extend : public Operation_CRTP<void, Extend> {
+
+    Context&            ctx;
+    ExtensionSubsetMap& subset_map;
+
+    void fallback_impl(AST_Node* n) { };
+
+  public:
+    Extend(Context&, ExtensionSubsetMap&);
+    virtual ~Extend() { }
+
+    using Operation<void>::operator();
+
+    void operator()(Block*);
+    void operator()(Ruleset*);
+    void operator()(Feature_Block*);
+    void operator()(Media_Block*);
+    void operator()(At_Rule*);
+
+    template <typename U>
+    void fallback(U x) { return fallback_impl(x); }
+  };
+
+}

data/ext/libsass/file.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <direct.h>
+#define getcwd _getcwd
+#define S_ISDIR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include "file.hpp"
+#include "context.hpp"
+#include "utf8_string.hpp"
+#include "sass2scss.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FS_CASE_SENSITIVE
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define FS_CASE_SENSITIVE 0
+#else
+#define FS_CASE_SENSITIVE 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace Sass {
+  namespace File {
+    using namespace std;
+
+    string get_cwd()
+    {
+      const size_t wd_len = 1024;
+      char wd[wd_len];
+      string cwd = getcwd(wd, wd_len);
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      //convert backslashes to forward slashes
+      replace(cwd.begin(), cwd.end(), '\\', '/');
+#endif
+      if (cwd[cwd.length() - 1] != '/') cwd += '/';
+      return cwd;
+    }
+
+    // no physical check on filesystem
+    // only a logical cleanup of a path
+    string make_canonical_path (string path)
+    {
+
+      // declarations
+      size_t pos;
+
+      #ifdef _WIN32
+        //convert backslashes to forward slashes
+        replace(path.begin(), path.end(), '\\', '/');
+      #endif
+
+      pos = 0; // remove all self references inside the path string
+      while((pos = path.find("/./", pos)) != string::npos) path.erase(pos, 2);
+
+      pos = 0; // remove all leading and trailing self references
+      while(path.length() > 1 && path.substr(0, 2) == "./") path.erase(0, 2);
+      while((pos = path.length()) > 1 && path.substr(pos - 2) == "/.") path.erase(pos - 2);
+
+      pos = 0; // collapse multiple delimiters into a single one
+      while((pos = path.find("//", pos)) != string::npos) path.erase(pos, 1);
+
+      return path;
+
+    }
+
+    size_t find_last_folder_separator(const string& path, size_t limit = string::npos)
+    {
+      size_t pos = string::npos;
+      size_t pos_p = path.find_last_of('/', limit);
+      #ifdef _WIN32
+      size_t pos_w = path.find_last_of('\\', limit);
+      #else
+      size_t pos_w = string::npos;
+      #endif
+      if (pos_p != string::npos && pos_w != string::npos) {
+        pos = max(pos_p, pos_w);
+      }
+      else if (pos_p != string::npos) {
+        pos = pos_p;
+      }
+      else {
+        pos = pos_w;
+      }
+      return pos;
+    }
+
+    string base_name(string path)
+    {
+      size_t pos = find_last_folder_separator(path);
+      if (pos == string::npos) return path;
+      else                     return path.substr(pos+1);
+    }
+
+    string dir_name(string path)
+    {
+      size_t pos = find_last_folder_separator(path);
+      if (pos == string::npos) return "";
+      else                     return path.substr(0, pos+1);
+    }
+
+    string join_paths(string l, string r)
+    {
+      if (l.empty()) return r;
+      if (r.empty()) return l;
+      if (is_absolute_path(r)) return r;
+
+      if (l[l.length()-1] != '/') l += '/';
+
+      while ((r.length() > 3) && ((r.substr(0, 3) == "../") || (r.substr(0, 3)) == "..\\")) {
+        r = r.substr(3);
+        size_t pos = find_last_folder_separator(l, l.length() - 2);
+        l = l.substr(0, pos == string::npos ? pos : pos + 1);
+      }
+
+      return l + r;
+    }
+
+    bool is_absolute_path(const string& path)
+    {
+      if (path[0] == '/') return true;
+      // TODO: UN-HACKIFY THIS
+      #ifdef _WIN32
+      if (path.length() >= 2 && isalpha(path[0]) && path[1] == ':') return true;
+      #endif
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    string make_absolute_path(const string& path, const string& cwd)
+    {
+      return make_canonical_path((is_absolute_path(path) ? path : join_paths(cwd, path)));
+    }
+
+    string resolve_relative_path(const string& uri, const string& base, const string& cwd)
+    {
+
+      string absolute_uri = make_absolute_path(uri, cwd);
+      string absolute_base = make_absolute_path(base, cwd);
+
+      string stripped_uri = "";
+      string stripped_base = "";
+
+      size_t index = 0;
+      size_t minSize = min(absolute_uri.size(), absolute_base.size());
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < minSize; ++i) {
+        #ifdef FS_CASE_SENSITIVE
+          if (absolute_uri[i] != absolute_base[i]) break;
+        #else
+          // compare the charactes in a case insensitive manner
+          // windows fs is only case insensitive in ascii ranges
+          if (tolower(absolute_uri[i]) != tolower(absolute_base[i])) break;
+        #endif
+        if (absolute_uri[i] == '/') index = i + 1;
+      }
+      for (size_t i = index; i < absolute_uri.size(); ++i) {
+        stripped_uri += absolute_uri[i];
+      }
+      for (size_t i = index; i < absolute_base.size(); ++i) {
+        stripped_base += absolute_base[i];
+      }
+
+      size_t left = 0;
+      size_t directories = 0;
+      for (size_t right = 0; right < stripped_base.size(); ++right) {
+        if (stripped_base[right] == '/') {
+          if (stripped_base.substr(left, 2) != "..") {
+            ++directories;
+          }
+          else if (directories > 1) {
+            --directories;
+          }
+          else {
+            directories = 0;
+          }
+          left = right + 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      string result = "";
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < directories; ++i) {
+        result += "../";
+      }
+      result += stripped_uri;
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    char* resolve_and_load(string path, string& real_path)
+    {
+      // Resolution order for ambiguous imports:
+      // (1) filename as given
+      // (2) underscore + given
+      // (3) underscore + given + extension
+      // (4) given + extension
+      char* contents = 0;
+      real_path = path;
+      // if the file isn't found with the given filename ...
+      if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+        string dir(dir_name(path));
+        string base(base_name(path));
+        string _base("_" + base);
+        real_path = dir + _base;
+        // if the file isn't found with '_' + filename ...
+        if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+          string _base_scss(_base + ".scss");
+          real_path = dir + _base_scss;
+          // if the file isn't found with '_' + filename + ".scss" ...
+          if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+            string _base_sass(_base + ".sass");
+            real_path = dir + _base_sass;
+            // if the file isn't found with '_' + filename + ".sass" ...
+            if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+              string base_scss(base + ".scss");
+              real_path = dir + base_scss;
+              // if the file isn't found with filename + ".scss" ...
+              if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+                string base_sass(base + ".sass");
+                real_path = dir + base_sass;
+                // if the file isn't found with filename + ".sass" ...
+                if (!(contents = read_file(real_path))) {
+                  // default back to scss version
+                  real_path = dir + base_scss;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      // convert Windows backslashes to URL forward slashes
+      replace(real_path.begin(), real_path.end(), '\\', '/');
+#endif
+      return contents;
+    }
+
+    char* read_file(string path)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      BYTE* pBuffer;
+      DWORD dwBytes;
+      // windows unicode filepaths are encoded in utf16
+      wstring wpath = UTF_8::convert_to_utf16(path);
+      HANDLE hFile = CreateFileW(wpath.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+      if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return 0;
+      DWORD dwFileLength = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL);
+      if (dwFileLength == INVALID_FILE_SIZE) return 0;
+      pBuffer = new BYTE[dwFileLength + 1];
+      ReadFile(hFile, pBuffer, dwFileLength, &dwBytes, NULL);
+      pBuffer[dwFileLength] = '\0';
+      CloseHandle(hFile);
+      // just convert from unsigned char*
+      char* contents = (char*) pBuffer;
+#else
+      struct stat st;
+      if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1 || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return 0;
+      ifstream file(path.c_str(), ios::in | ios::binary | ios::ate);
+      char* contents = 0;
+      if (file.is_open()) {
+        size_t size = file.tellg();
+        contents = new char[size + 1]; // extra byte for the null char
+        file.seekg(0, ios::beg);
+        file.read(contents, size);
+        contents[size] = '\0';
+        file.close();
+      }
+#endif
+      string extension;
+      if (path.length() > 5) {
+        extension = path.substr(path.length() - 5, 5);
+      }
+      for(size_t i=0; i<extension.size();++i)
+        extension[i] = tolower(extension[i]);
+      if (extension == ".sass" && contents != 0) {
+        char * converted = sass2scss(contents, SASS2SCSS_PRETTIFY_1);
+        delete[] contents; // free the indented contents
+        return converted; // should be freed by caller
+      } else {
+        return contents;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+}

data/ext/libsass/file.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Sass {
+  using namespace std;
+  struct Context;
+  namespace File {
+    string get_cwd();
+    string base_name(string);
+    string dir_name(string);
+    string join_paths(string, string);
+    bool is_absolute_path(const string& path);
+    string make_canonical_path (string path);
+    string make_absolute_path(const string& path, const string& cwd);
+    string resolve_relative_path(const string& uri, const string& base, const string& cwd);
+    char* resolve_and_load(string path, string& real_path);
+    char* read_file(string path);
+  }
+}

data/ext/libsass/functions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1565 @@
+#include "functions.hpp"
+#include "ast.hpp"
+#include "context.hpp"
+#include "backtrace.hpp"
+#include "parser.hpp"
+#include "constants.hpp"
+#include "to_string.hpp"
+#include "inspect.hpp"
+#include "eval.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
+#include "utf8_string.hpp"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <random>
+#include <set>
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#include "windows.h"
+#include "wincrypt.h"
+#endif
+
+#define ARG(argname, argtype) get_arg<argtype>(argname, env, sig, path, position, backtrace)
+#define ARGR(argname, argtype, lo, hi) get_arg_r(argname, env, sig, path, position, lo, hi, backtrace)
+#define ARGM(argname, argtype, ctx) get_arg_m(argname, env, sig, path, position, backtrace, ctx)
+
+namespace Sass {
+  using std::stringstream;
+  using std::endl;
+
+  Definition* make_native_function(Signature sig, Native_Function f, Context& ctx)
+  {
+    Parser sig_parser = Parser::from_c_str(sig, ctx, "[built-in function]");
+    sig_parser.lex<Prelexer::identifier>();
+    string name(Util::normalize_underscores(sig_parser.lexed));
+    Parameters* params = sig_parser.parse_parameters();
+    return new (ctx.mem) Definition("[built-in function]",
+                                    Position(),
+                                    sig,
+                                    name,
+                                    params,
+                                    f,
+                                    false);
+  }
+
+  Definition* make_c_function(Signature sig, Sass_C_Function f, void* cookie, Context& ctx)
+  {
+    Parser sig_parser = Parser::from_c_str(sig, ctx, "[c function]");
+    // allow to overload generic callback plus @warn, @error and @debug with custom functions
+    sig_parser.lex < alternatives < identifier, exactly <'*'>,
+                                    exactly < Constants::warn_kwd >,
+                                    exactly < Constants::error_kwd >,
+                                    exactly < Constants::debug_kwd >
+                   >              >();
+    string name(Util::normalize_underscores(sig_parser.lexed));
+    Parameters* params = sig_parser.parse_parameters();
+    return new (ctx.mem) Definition("[c function]",
+                                    Position(),
+                                    sig,
+                                    name,
+                                    params,
+                                    f,
+                                    cookie,
+                                    false, true);
+  }
+
+  namespace Functions {
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T* get_arg(const string& argname, Env& env, Signature sig, const string& path, Position position, Backtrace* backtrace)
+    {
+      // Minimal error handling -- the expectation is that built-ins will be written correctly!
+      T* val = dynamic_cast<T*>(env[argname]);
+      if (!val) {
+        string msg("argument `");
+        msg += argname;
+        msg += "` of `";
+        msg += sig;
+        msg += "` must be a ";
+        msg += T::type_name();
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      return val;
+    }
+
+    Map* get_arg_m(const string& argname, Env& env, Signature sig, const string& path, Position position, Backtrace* backtrace, Context& ctx)
+    {
+      // Minimal error handling -- the expectation is that built-ins will be written correctly!
+      Map* val = dynamic_cast<Map*>(env[argname]);
+      if (val) return val;
+
+      List* lval = dynamic_cast<List*>(env[argname]);
+      if (lval && lval->length() == 0) return new (ctx.mem) Map(path, position, 0);
+
+      // fallback on get_arg for error handling
+      val = get_arg<Map>(argname, env, sig, path, position, backtrace);
+      return val;
+    }
+
+    Number* get_arg_r(const string& argname, Env& env, Signature sig, const string& path, Position position, double lo, double hi, Backtrace* backtrace)
+    {
+      // Minimal error handling -- the expectation is that built-ins will be written correctly!
+      Number* val = get_arg<Number>(argname, env, sig, path, position, backtrace);
+      double v = val->value();
+      if (!(lo <= v && v <= hi)) {
+        stringstream msg;
+        msg << "argument `" << argname << "` of `" << sig << "` must be between ";
+        msg << lo << " and " << hi;
+        error(msg.str(), path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      return val;
+    }
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+    uint64_t GetSeed()
+    {
+      HCRYPTPROV hp = 0;
+      BYTE rb[8];
+      CryptAcquireContext(&hp, 0, 0, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT);
+      CryptGenRandom(hp, sizeof(rb), rb);
+      CryptReleaseContext(hp, 0);
+
+      uint64_t seed;
+      memcpy(&seed, &rb[0], sizeof(seed));
+
+      return seed;
+    }
+#else
+    static random_device rd;
+    uint64_t GetSeed()
+    {
+	  return rd();
+	}
+#endif
+
+    // note: the performance of many  implementations of
+    // random_device degrades sharply once the entropy pool
+    // is exhausted. For practical use, random_device is
+    // generally only used to seed a PRNG such as mt19937.
+    static mt19937 rand(GetSeed());
+
+    // features
+    static set<string> features;
+
+    ////////////////
+    // RGB FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////
+
+    Signature rgb_sig = "rgb($red, $green, $blue)";
+    BUILT_IN(rgb)
+    {
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 ARGR("$red",   Number, 0, 255)->value(),
+                                 ARGR("$green", Number, 0, 255)->value(),
+                                 ARGR("$blue",  Number, 0, 255)->value());
+    }
+
+    Signature rgba_4_sig = "rgba($red, $green, $blue, $alpha)";
+    BUILT_IN(rgba_4)
+    {
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 ARGR("$red",   Number, 0, 255)->value(),
+                                 ARGR("$green", Number, 0, 255)->value(),
+                                 ARGR("$blue",  Number, 0, 255)->value(),
+                                 ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 1)->value());
+    }
+
+    Signature rgba_2_sig = "rgba($color, $alpha)";
+    BUILT_IN(rgba_2)
+    {
+      Color* c_arg = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Color* new_c = new (ctx.mem) Color(*c_arg);
+      new_c->a(ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 1)->value());
+      new_c->disp("");
+      return new_c;
+    }
+
+    Signature red_sig = "red($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(red)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, ARG("$color", Color)->r()); }
+
+    Signature green_sig = "green($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(green)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, ARG("$color", Color)->g()); }
+
+    Signature blue_sig = "blue($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(blue)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, ARG("$color", Color)->b()); }
+
+    Signature mix_sig = "mix($color-1, $color-2, $weight: 50%)";
+    BUILT_IN(mix)
+    {
+      Color*  color1 = ARG("$color-1", Color);
+      Color*  color2 = ARG("$color-2", Color);
+      Number* weight = ARGR("$weight", Number, 0, 100);
+
+      double p = weight->value()/100;
+      double w = 2*p - 1;
+      double a = color1->a() - color2->a();
+
+      double w1 = (((w * a == -1) ? w : (w + a)/(1 + w*a)) + 1)/2.0;
+      double w2 = 1 - w1;
+
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 std::floor(w1*color1->r() + w2*color2->r()),
+                                 std::floor(w1*color1->g() + w2*color2->g()),
+                                 std::floor(w1*color1->b() + w2*color2->b()),
+                                 color1->a()*p + color2->a()*(1-p));
+    }
+
+    ////////////////
+    // HSL FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////
+
+    // RGB to HSL helper function
+    struct HSL { double h; double s; double l; };
+    HSL rgb_to_hsl(double r, double g, double b)
+    {
+
+      // Algorithm from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wHSL_and_HSV#Conversion_from_RGB_to_HSL_or_HSV
+      r /= 255.0; g /= 255.0; b /= 255.0;
+
+      double max = std::max(r, std::max(g, b));
+      double min = std::min(r, std::min(g, b));
+      double del = max - min;
+
+      double h = 0, s = 0, l = (max + min) / 2.0;
+
+      if (max == min) {
+        h = s = 0; // achromatic
+      }
+      else {
+        if (l < 0.5) s = del / (2.0 * l);
+        else         s = del / (2.0 - 2.0 * l);
+
+        if      (r == max) h = 60 * (g - b) / del;
+        else if (g == max) h = 60 * (b - r) / del + 120;
+        else if (b == max) h = 60 * (r - g) / del + 240;
+      }
+
+      HSL hsl_struct;
+      hsl_struct.h = h;
+      hsl_struct.s = s * 100;
+      hsl_struct.l = l * 100;
+
+      return hsl_struct;
+    }
+
+    // hue to RGB helper function
+    double h_to_rgb(double m1, double m2, double h) {
+      if (h < 0) h += 1;
+      if (h > 1) h -= 1;
+      if (h*6.0 < 1) return m1 + (m2 - m1)*h*6;
+      if (h*2.0 < 1) return m2;
+      if (h*3.0 < 2) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * (2.0/3.0 - h)*6;
+      return m1;
+    }
+
+    Color* hsla_impl(double h, double s, double l, double a, Context& ctx, const string& path, Position position)
+    {
+      h /= 360.0;
+      s /= 100.0;
+      l /= 100.0;
+
+      // Algorithm from the CSS3 spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#hsl-color.
+      double m2;
+      if (l <= 0.5) m2 = l*(s+1.0);
+      else m2 = (l+s)-(l*s);
+      double m1 = (l*2)-m2;
+      // round the results -- consider moving this into the Color constructor
+      double r = (h_to_rgb(m1, m2, h+1.0/3.0) * 255.0);
+      double g = (h_to_rgb(m1, m2, h) * 255.0);
+      double b = (h_to_rgb(m1, m2, h-1.0/3.0) * 255.0);
+
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path, position, r, g, b, a);
+    }
+
+    Signature hsl_sig = "hsl($hue, $saturation, $lightness)";
+    BUILT_IN(hsl)
+    {
+      return hsla_impl(ARG("$hue", Number)->value(),
+                       ARGR("$saturation", Number, 0, 100)->value(),
+                       ARGR("$lightness", Number, 0, 100)->value(),
+                       1.0,
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature hsla_sig = "hsla($hue, $saturation, $lightness, $alpha)";
+    BUILT_IN(hsla)
+    {
+      return hsla_impl(ARG("$hue", Number)->value(),
+                       ARGR("$saturation", Number, 0, 100)->value(),
+                       ARGR("$lightness", Number, 0, 100)->value(),
+                       ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 1)->value(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature hue_sig = "hue($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(hue)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, hsl_color.h, "deg");
+    }
+
+    Signature saturation_sig = "saturation($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(saturation)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, hsl_color.s, "%");
+    }
+
+    Signature lightness_sig = "lightness($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(lightness)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, hsl_color.l, "%");
+    }
+
+    Signature adjust_hue_sig = "adjust-hue($color, $degrees)";
+    BUILT_IN(adjust_hue)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* degrees = ARG("$degrees", Number);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h + degrees->value(),
+                       hsl_color.s,
+                       hsl_color.l,
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature lighten_sig = "lighten($color, $amount)";
+    BUILT_IN(lighten)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* amount = ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 100);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      //Check lightness is not negative before lighten it
+      double hslcolorL = hsl_color.l;
+      if (hslcolorL < 0) {
+        hslcolorL = 0;
+      }
+
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h,
+                       hsl_color.s,
+                       hslcolorL + amount->value(),
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature darken_sig = "darken($color, $amount)";
+    BUILT_IN(darken)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* amount = ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 100);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+
+      //Check lightness if not over 100, before darken it
+      double hslcolorL = hsl_color.l;
+      if (hslcolorL > 100) {
+        hslcolorL = 100;
+      }
+
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h,
+                       hsl_color.s,
+                       hslcolorL - amount->value(),
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature saturate_sig = "saturate($color, $amount: false)";
+    BUILT_IN(saturate)
+    {
+      // CSS3 filter function overload: pass literal through directly
+      Number* amount = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$amount"]);
+      if (!amount) {
+        To_String to_string(&ctx);
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "saturate(" + env["$color"]->perform(&to_string) + ")");
+      }
+
+      ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 100);
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      //Check saturation is not negative before saturate it
+      double hslcolorS = hsl_color.s;
+      if (hslcolorS < 0) {
+        hslcolorS = 0;
+      }
+
+
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h,
+                       hslcolorS + amount->value(),
+                       hsl_color.l,
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature desaturate_sig = "desaturate($color, $amount)";
+    BUILT_IN(desaturate)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* amount = ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 100);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      //Check saturation is not over 100 before desaturate it
+      double hslcolorS = hsl_color.s;
+      if (hslcolorS > 100) {
+        hslcolorS = 100;
+      }
+
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h,
+                       hslcolorS - amount->value(),
+                       hsl_color.l,
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature grayscale_sig = "grayscale($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(grayscale)
+    {
+      // CSS3 filter function overload: pass literal through directly
+      Number* amount = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$color"]);
+      if (amount) {
+        To_String to_string(&ctx);
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "grayscale(" + amount->perform(&to_string) + ")");
+      }
+
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h,
+                       0.0,
+                       hsl_color.l,
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature complement_sig = "complement($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(complement)
+    {
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      HSL hsl_color = rgb_to_hsl(rgb_color->r(),
+                                 rgb_color->g(),
+                                 rgb_color->b());
+      return hsla_impl(hsl_color.h - 180.0,
+                       hsl_color.s,
+                       hsl_color.l,
+                       rgb_color->a(),
+                       ctx,
+                       path,
+                       position);
+    }
+
+    Signature invert_sig = "invert($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(invert)
+    {
+      // CSS3 filter function overload: pass literal through directly
+      Number* amount = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$color"]);
+      if (amount) {
+        To_String to_string(&ctx);
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "invert(" + amount->perform(&to_string) + ")");
+      }
+
+      Color* rgb_color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 255 - rgb_color->r(),
+                                 255 - rgb_color->g(),
+                                 255 - rgb_color->b(),
+                                 rgb_color->a());
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // OPACITY FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////////
+    Signature alpha_sig = "alpha($color)";
+    Signature opacity_sig = "opacity($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(alpha)
+    {
+      String_Constant* ie_kwd = dynamic_cast<String_Constant*>(env["$color"]);
+      if (ie_kwd) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "alpha(" + ie_kwd->value() + ")");
+      }
+
+      // CSS3 filter function overload: pass literal through directly
+      Number* amount = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$color"]);
+      if (amount) {
+        To_String to_string(&ctx);
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "opacity(" + amount->perform(&to_string) + ")");
+      }
+
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, ARG("$color", Color)->a());
+    }
+
+    Signature opacify_sig = "opacify($color, $amount)";
+    Signature fade_in_sig = "fade-in($color, $amount)";
+    BUILT_IN(opacify)
+    {
+      Color* color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      double alpha = color->a() + ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 1)->value();
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 color->r(),
+                                 color->g(),
+                                 color->b(),
+                                 alpha > 1.0 ? 1.0 : alpha);
+    }
+
+    Signature transparentize_sig = "transparentize($color, $amount)";
+    Signature fade_out_sig = "fade-out($color, $amount)";
+    BUILT_IN(transparentize)
+    {
+      Color* color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      double alpha = color->a() - ARGR("$amount", Number, 0, 1)->value();
+      return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                 position,
+                                 color->r(),
+                                 color->g(),
+                                 color->b(),
+                                 alpha < 0.0 ? 0.0 : alpha);
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////
+    // OTHER COLOR FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////////////
+
+    Signature adjust_color_sig = "adjust-color($color, $red: false, $green: false, $blue: false, $hue: false, $saturation: false, $lightness: false, $alpha: false)";
+    BUILT_IN(adjust_color)
+    {
+      Color* color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* r = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$red"]);
+      Number* g = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$green"]);
+      Number* b = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$blue"]);
+      Number* h = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$hue"]);
+      Number* s = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$saturation"]);
+      Number* l = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$lightness"]);
+      Number* a = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$alpha"]);
+
+      bool rgb = r || g || b;
+      bool hsl = h || s || l;
+
+      if (rgb && hsl) {
+        error("cannot specify both RGB and HSL values for `adjust-color`", path, position);
+      }
+      if (rgb) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   color->r() + (r ? r->value() : 0),
+                                   color->g() + (g ? g->value() : 0),
+                                   color->b() + (b ? b->value() : 0),
+                                   color->a() + (a ? a->value() : 0));
+      }
+      if (hsl) {
+        HSL hsl_struct = rgb_to_hsl(color->r(), color->g(), color->b());
+        return hsla_impl(hsl_struct.h + (h ? h->value() : 0),
+                         hsl_struct.s + (s ? s->value() : 0),
+                         hsl_struct.l + (l ? l->value() : 0),
+                         color->a() + (a ? a->value() : 0),
+                         ctx,
+                         path,
+                         position);
+      }
+      if (a) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   color->r(),
+                                   color->g(),
+                                   color->b(),
+                                   color->a() + (a ? a->value() : 0));
+      }
+      error("not enough arguments for `adjust-color`", path, position);
+      // unreachable
+      return color;
+    }
+
+    Signature scale_color_sig = "scale-color($color, $red: false, $green: false, $blue: false, $hue: false, $saturation: false, $lightness: false, $alpha: false)";
+    BUILT_IN(scale_color)
+    {
+      Color* color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* r = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$red"]);
+      Number* g = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$green"]);
+      Number* b = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$blue"]);
+      Number* h = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$hue"]);
+      Number* s = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$saturation"]);
+      Number* l = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$lightness"]);
+      Number* a = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$alpha"]);
+
+      bool rgb = r || g || b;
+      bool hsl = h || s || l;
+
+      if (rgb && hsl) {
+        error("cannot specify both RGB and HSL values for `scale-color`", path, position);
+      }
+      if (rgb) {
+        double rscale = (r ? ARGR("$red",   Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double gscale = (g ? ARGR("$green", Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double bscale = (b ? ARGR("$blue",  Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double ascale = (a ? ARGR("$alpha", Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   color->r() + rscale * (rscale > 0.0 ? 255 - color->r() : color->r()),
+                                   color->g() + gscale * (gscale > 0.0 ? 255 - color->g() : color->g()),
+                                   color->b() + bscale * (bscale > 0.0 ? 255 - color->b() : color->b()),
+                                   color->a() + ascale * (ascale > 0.0 ? 1.0 - color->a() : color->a()));
+      }
+      if (hsl) {
+        double hscale = (h ? ARGR("$hue",        Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double sscale = (s ? ARGR("$saturation", Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double lscale = (l ? ARGR("$lightness",  Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        double ascale = (a ? ARGR("$alpha",      Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        HSL hsl_struct = rgb_to_hsl(color->r(), color->g(), color->b());
+        hsl_struct.h += hscale * (hscale > 0.0 ? 360.0 - hsl_struct.h : hsl_struct.h);
+        hsl_struct.s += sscale * (sscale > 0.0 ? 100.0 - hsl_struct.s : hsl_struct.s);
+        hsl_struct.l += lscale * (lscale > 0.0 ? 100.0 - hsl_struct.l : hsl_struct.l);
+        double alpha = color->a() + ascale * (ascale > 0.0 ? 1.0 - color->a() : color->r());
+        return hsla_impl(hsl_struct.h, hsl_struct.s, hsl_struct.l, alpha, ctx, path, position);
+      }
+      if (a) {
+        double ascale = (a ? ARGR("$alpha", Number, -100.0, 100.0)->value() : 0.0) / 100.0;
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   color->r(),
+                                   color->g(),
+                                   color->b(),
+                                   color->a() + ascale * (ascale > 0.0 ? 1.0 - color->a() : color->a()));
+      }
+      error("not enough arguments for `scale-color`", path, position);
+      // unreachable
+      return color;
+    }
+
+    Signature change_color_sig = "change-color($color, $red: false, $green: false, $blue: false, $hue: false, $saturation: false, $lightness: false, $alpha: false)";
+    BUILT_IN(change_color)
+    {
+      Color* color = ARG("$color", Color);
+      Number* r = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$red"]);
+      Number* g = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$green"]);
+      Number* b = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$blue"]);
+      Number* h = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$hue"]);
+      Number* s = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$saturation"]);
+      Number* l = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$lightness"]);
+      Number* a = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$alpha"]);
+
+      bool rgb = r || g || b;
+      bool hsl = h || s || l;
+
+      if (rgb && hsl) {
+        error("cannot specify both RGB and HSL values for `change-color`", path, position);
+      }
+      if (rgb) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   r ? ARGR("$red",   Number, 0, 255)->value() : color->r(),
+                                   g ? ARGR("$green", Number, 0, 255)->value() : color->g(),
+                                   b ? ARGR("$blue",  Number, 0, 255)->value() : color->b(),
+                                   a ? ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 255)->value() : color->a());
+      }
+      if (hsl) {
+        HSL hsl_struct = rgb_to_hsl(color->r(), color->g(), color->b());
+        if (h) hsl_struct.h = static_cast<double>(((static_cast<int>(h->value()) % 360) + 360) % 360) / 360.0;
+        if (s) hsl_struct.s = ARGR("$saturation", Number, 0, 100)->value();
+        if (l) hsl_struct.l = ARGR("$lightness",  Number, 0, 100)->value();
+        double alpha = a ? ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 1.0)->value() : color->a();
+        return hsla_impl(hsl_struct.h, hsl_struct.s, hsl_struct.l, alpha, ctx, path, position);
+      }
+      if (a) {
+        double alpha = a ? ARGR("$alpha", Number, 0, 1.0)->value() : color->a();
+        return new (ctx.mem) Color(path,
+                                   position,
+                                   color->r(),
+                                   color->g(),
+                                   color->b(),
+                                   alpha);
+      }
+      error("not enough arguments for `change-color`", path, position);
+      // unreachable
+      return color;
+    }
+
+    template <size_t range>
+    static double cap_channel(double c) {
+      if      (c > range) return range;
+      else if (c < 0)     return 0;
+      else                return c;
+    }
+
+    Signature ie_hex_str_sig = "ie-hex-str($color)";
+    BUILT_IN(ie_hex_str)
+    {
+      Color* c = ARG("$color", Color);
+      double r = cap_channel<0xff>(c->r());
+      double g = cap_channel<0xff>(c->g());
+      double b = cap_channel<0xff>(c->b());
+      double a = cap_channel<1>   (c->a()) * 255;
+
+      stringstream ss;
+      ss << '#' << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0');
+      ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned long>(std::floor(a+0.5));
+      ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned long>(std::floor(r+0.5));
+      ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned long>(std::floor(g+0.5));
+      ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned long>(std::floor(b+0.5));
+
+      string result(ss.str());
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = result.length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        result[i] = std::toupper(result[i]);
+      }
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, result);
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////
+    // STRING FUNCTIONS
+    ///////////////////
+
+    Signature unquote_sig = "unquote($string)";
+    BUILT_IN(sass_unquote)
+    {
+      To_String to_string;
+      AST_Node* arg = env["$string"];
+      string org(arg->perform(&to_string));
+      string str(unquote(org));
+      String_Constant* result = new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, str);
+      // remember if the string was quoted (color tokens)
+      if (org[0] != str[0]) result->needs_unquoting(true);
+      result->is_delayed(true);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature quote_sig = "quote($string)";
+    BUILT_IN(sass_quote)
+    {
+      To_String to_string;
+      AST_Node* arg = env["$string"];
+      string str(quote(arg->perform(&to_string), String_Constant::double_quote()));
+      String_Constant* result = new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, str);
+      result->is_delayed(true);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+
+    Signature str_length_sig = "str-length($string)";
+    BUILT_IN(str_length)
+    {
+      size_t len = string::npos;
+      try {
+        String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+        string str = s->value();
+        size_t length_of_s = str.size();
+        size_t i = 0;
+
+        if (s->is_quoted()) {
+          ++i;
+          --length_of_s;
+        }
+
+        len = UTF_8::code_point_count(str, i, length_of_s);
+
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_code_point) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_code_point");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::not_enough_room) {
+        string msg("utf8::not_enough_room");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_utf8) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_utf8");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (...) { throw; }
+      // return something even if we had an error (-1)
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, len);
+    }
+
+    Signature str_insert_sig = "str-insert($string, $insert, $index)";
+    BUILT_IN(str_insert)
+    {
+      string str;
+      try {
+        String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+        str = s->value();
+        char quotemark = s->quote_mark();
+        str = unquote(str);
+        String_Constant* i = ARG("$insert", String_Constant);
+        string ins = i->value();
+        ins = unquote(ins);
+        Number* ind = ARG("$index", Number);
+        double index = ind->value();
+        size_t len = UTF_8::code_point_count(str, 0, str.size());
+
+        if (index > 0 && index <= len) {
+          // positive and within string length
+          str.insert(UTF_8::offset_at_position(str, index - 1), ins);
+        }
+        else if (index > len) {
+          // positive and past string length
+          str += ins;
+        }
+        else if (index == 0) {
+          str = ins + str;
+        }
+        else if (std::abs(index) <= len) {
+          // negative and within string length
+          index += len + 1;
+          str.insert(UTF_8::offset_at_position(str, index), ins);
+        }
+        else {
+          // negative and past string length
+          str = ins + str;
+        }
+
+        if (quotemark) {
+          str = quote(str, String_Constant::double_quote());
+        }
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_code_point) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_code_point");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::not_enough_room) {
+        string msg("utf8::not_enough_room");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_utf8) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_utf8");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (...) { throw; }
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, str);
+    }
+
+    Signature str_index_sig = "str-index($string, $substring)";
+    BUILT_IN(str_index)
+    {
+      size_t index = string::npos;
+      try {
+        String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+        String_Constant* t = ARG("$substring", String_Constant);
+        string str = s->value();
+        str = unquote(str);
+        string substr = t->value();
+        substr = unquote(substr);
+
+        size_t c_index = str.find(substr);
+        if(c_index == string::npos) {
+          return new (ctx.mem) Null(path, position);
+        }
+        index = UTF_8::code_point_count(str, 0, c_index) + 1;
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_code_point) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_code_point");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::not_enough_room) {
+        string msg("utf8::not_enough_room");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_utf8) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_utf8");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (...) { throw; }
+      // return something even if we had an error (-1)
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, index);
+    }
+
+    Signature str_slice_sig = "str-slice($string, $start-at, $end-at:-1)";
+    BUILT_IN(str_slice)
+    {
+      string newstr;
+      try {
+        String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+        Number* n = ARG("$start-at", Number);
+        Number* m = ARG("$end-at", Number);
+
+        string str = s->value();
+        char quotemark = s->quote_mark();
+        str = unquote(str);
+
+        // normalize into 0-based indices
+        size_t start = UTF_8::offset_at_position(str, UTF_8::normalize_index(n->value(), UTF_8::code_point_count(str)));
+        size_t end = UTF_8::offset_at_position(str, UTF_8::normalize_index(m->value(), UTF_8::code_point_count(str)));
+
+        // `str-slice` should always return an empty string when $end-at == 0
+        // `normalize_index` normalizes 1 -> 0 so we need to check the original value
+        if(start == end && m->value() > 0) {
+          newstr = str.substr(start, 1);
+        } else if(end > start) {
+          newstr = str.substr(start, end - start + UTF_8::code_point_size_at_offset(str, end));
+        }
+        if(quotemark) {
+          newstr = quote(newstr, String_Constant::double_quote());
+        }
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_code_point) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_code_point");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::not_enough_room) {
+        string msg("utf8::not_enough_room");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (utf8::invalid_utf8) {
+        string msg("utf8::invalid_utf8");
+        error(msg, path, position, backtrace);
+      }
+      catch (...) { throw; }
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, newstr);
+    }
+
+    Signature to_upper_case_sig = "to-upper-case($string)";
+    BUILT_IN(to_upper_case)
+    {
+      String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+      string str = s->value();
+
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = str.length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        if (Sass::Util::isAscii(str[i])) {
+          str[i] = std::toupper(str[i]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, str);
+    }
+
+    Signature to_lower_case_sig = "to-lower-case($string)";
+    BUILT_IN(to_lower_case)
+    {
+      String_Constant* s = ARG("$string", String_Constant);
+      string str = s->value();
+
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = str.length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        if (Sass::Util::isAscii(str[i])) {
+          str[i] = std::tolower(str[i]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, str);
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////
+    // NUMBER FUNCTIONS
+    ///////////////////
+
+    Signature percentage_sig = "percentage($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(percentage)
+    {
+      Number* n = ARG("$value", Number);
+      if (!n->is_unitless()) error("argument $value of `" + string(sig) + "` must be unitless", path, position);
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, n->value() * 100, "%");
+    }
+
+    Signature round_sig = "round($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(round)
+    {
+      Number* n = ARG("$value", Number);
+      Number* r = new (ctx.mem) Number(*n);
+      r->path(path);
+      r->position(position);
+      r->value(std::floor(r->value() + 0.5));
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    Signature ceil_sig = "ceil($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(ceil)
+    {
+      Number* n = ARG("$value", Number);
+      Number* r = new (ctx.mem) Number(*n);
+      r->path(path);
+      r->position(position);
+      r->value(std::ceil(r->value()));
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    Signature floor_sig = "floor($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(floor)
+    {
+      Number* n = ARG("$value", Number);
+      Number* r = new (ctx.mem) Number(*n);
+      r->path(path);
+      r->position(position);
+      r->value(std::floor(r->value()));
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    Signature abs_sig = "abs($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(abs)
+    {
+      Number* n = ARG("$value", Number);
+      Number* r = new (ctx.mem) Number(*n);
+      r->path(path);
+      r->position(position);
+      r->value(std::abs(r->value()));
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    Signature min_sig = "min($x1, $x2...)";
+    BUILT_IN(min)
+    {
+      Number* x1 = ARG("$x1", Number);
+      List* arglist = ARG("$x2", List);
+      Number* least = x1;
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        Number* xi = dynamic_cast<Number*>(arglist->value_at_index(i));
+        if (!xi) error("`" + string(sig) + "` only takes numeric arguments", path, position);
+        if (lt(xi, least, ctx)) least = xi;
+      }
+      return least;
+    }
+
+    Signature max_sig = "max($x1, $x2...)";
+    BUILT_IN(max)
+    {
+      Number* x1 = ARG("$x1", Number);
+      List* arglist = ARG("$x2", List);
+      Number* greatest = x1;
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        Number* xi = dynamic_cast<Number*>(arglist->value_at_index(i));
+        if (!xi) error("`" + string(sig) + "` only takes numeric arguments", path, position);
+        if (lt(greatest, xi, ctx)) greatest = xi;
+      }
+      return greatest;
+    }
+
+    Signature random_sig = "random($limit:false)";
+    BUILT_IN(random)
+    {
+      Number* l = dynamic_cast<Number*>(env["$limit"]);
+      if (l && trunc(l->value()) != l->value()) error("argument $limit of `" + string(sig) + "` must be an integer", path, position);
+      if (l) {
+        uniform_real_distribution<> distributor(1, l->value() + 1);
+        uint_fast32_t distributed = distributor(rand);
+        return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, (double)distributed);
+      }
+      else {
+        uniform_real_distribution<> distributor(0, 1);
+        uint_fast32_t distributed = distributor(rand);
+        return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, trunc(distributed));
+     }
+    }
+
+    /////////////////
+    // LIST FUNCTIONS
+    /////////////////
+
+    Signature length_sig = "length($list)";
+    BUILT_IN(length)
+    {
+      Expression* v = ARG("$list", Expression);
+      if (v->concrete_type() == Expression::MAP) {
+        Map* map = dynamic_cast<Map*>(env["$list"]);
+        return new (ctx.mem) Number(path,
+                                    position,
+                                    map ? map->length() : 1);
+      }
+
+      List* list = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      return new (ctx.mem) Number(path,
+                                  position,
+                                  list ? list->length() : 1);
+    }
+
+    Signature nth_sig = "nth($list, $n)";
+    BUILT_IN(nth)
+    {
+      Map* m = dynamic_cast<Map*>(env["$list"]);
+      List* l = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      Number* n = ARG("$n", Number);
+      if (n->value() == 0) error("argument `$n` of `" + string(sig) + "` must be non-zero", path, position);
+      // if the argument isn't a list, then wrap it in a singleton list
+      if (!m && !l) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << ARG("$list", Expression);
+      }
+      size_t len = m ? m->length() : l->length();
+      bool empty = m ? m->empty() : l->empty();
+      if (empty) error("argument `$list` of `" + string(sig) + "` must not be empty", path, position);
+      double index = std::floor(n->value() < 0 ? len + n->value() : n->value() - 1);
+      if (index < 0 || index > len - 1) error("index out of bounds for `" + string(sig) + "`", path, position);
+
+      if (m) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << m->keys()[index];
+        *l << m->at(m->keys()[index]);
+        return l;
+      }
+      else {
+        return l->value_at_index(index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature set_nth_sig = "set-nth($list, $n, $value)";
+    BUILT_IN(set_nth)
+    {
+      List* l = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      Number* n = ARG("$n", Number);
+      Expression* v = ARG("$value", Expression);
+      if (!l) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << ARG("$list", Expression);
+      }
+      if (l->empty()) error("argument `$list` of `" + string(sig) + "` must not be empty", path, position);
+      double index = std::floor(n->value() < 0 ? l->length() + n->value() : n->value() - 1);
+      if (index < 0 || index > l->length() - 1) error("index out of bounds for `" + string(sig) + "`", path, position);
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, l->length(), l->separator());
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = l->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        *result << ((i == index) ? v : (*l)[i]);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature index_sig = "index($list, $value)";
+    BUILT_IN(index)
+    {
+      List* l = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      Expression* v = ARG("$value", Expression);
+      if (!l) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << ARG("$list", Expression);
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = l->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        if (eq(l->value_at_index(i), v, ctx)) return new (ctx.mem) Number(path, position, i+1);
+      }
+      return new (ctx.mem) Null(path, position);
+    }
+
+    Signature join_sig = "join($list1, $list2, $separator: auto)";
+    BUILT_IN(join)
+    {
+      List* l1 = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list1"]);
+      List* l2 = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list2"]);
+      String_Constant* sep = ARG("$separator", String_Constant);
+      List::Separator sep_val = (l1 ? l1->separator() : List::SPACE);
+      if (!l1) {
+        l1 = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l1 << ARG("$list1", Expression);
+        sep_val = (l2 ? l2->separator() : List::SPACE);
+      }
+      if (!l2) {
+        l2 = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l2 << ARG("$list2", Expression);
+      }
+      size_t len = l1->length() + l2->length();
+      string sep_str = unquote(sep->value());
+      if (sep_str == "space") sep_val = List::SPACE;
+      else if (sep_str == "comma") sep_val = List::COMMA;
+      else if (sep_str != "auto") error("argument `$separator` of `" + string(sig) + "` must be `space`, `comma`, or `auto`", path, position);
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, len, sep_val);
+      *result += l1;
+      *result += l2;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature append_sig = "append($list, $val, $separator: auto)";
+    BUILT_IN(append)
+    {
+      List* l = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      Expression* v = ARG("$val", Expression);
+      String_Constant* sep = ARG("$separator", String_Constant);
+      if (!l) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << ARG("$list", Expression);
+      }
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, l->length() + 1, l->separator());
+      string sep_str(unquote(sep->value()));
+      if (sep_str == "space") result->separator(List::SPACE);
+      else if (sep_str == "comma") result->separator(List::COMMA);
+      else if (sep_str != "auto") error("argument `$separator` of `" + string(sig) + "` must be `space`, `comma`, or `auto`", path, position);
+      *result += l;
+      *result << v;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature zip_sig = "zip($lists...)";
+    BUILT_IN(zip)
+    {
+      List* arglist = new (ctx.mem) List(*ARG("$lists", List));
+      size_t shortest = 0;
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        List* ith = dynamic_cast<List*>(arglist->value_at_index(i));
+        if (!ith) {
+          ith = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+          *ith << arglist->value_at_index(i);
+          if (arglist->is_arglist()) {
+            ((Argument*)(*arglist)[i])->value(ith);
+          } else {
+            (*arglist)[i] = ith;
+          }
+        }
+        shortest = (i ? std::min(shortest, ith->length()) : ith->length());
+      }
+      List* zippers = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, shortest, List::COMMA);
+      size_t L = arglist->length();
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < shortest; ++i) {
+        List* zipper = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, L);
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < L; ++j) {
+          *zipper << (*static_cast<List*>(arglist->value_at_index(j)))[i];
+        }
+        *zippers << zipper;
+      }
+      return zippers;
+    }
+
+    Signature compact_sig = "compact($values...)";
+    BUILT_IN(compact)
+    {
+      List* arglist = ARG("$values", List);
+      List::Separator sep = List::COMMA;
+      if (arglist->length() == 1) {
+        Expression* the_arg = arglist->value_at_index(0);
+        arglist = dynamic_cast<List*>(the_arg);
+        if (!arglist) {
+          List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1, List::COMMA);
+          *result << the_arg;
+          return result;
+        }
+        sep = arglist->separator();
+      }
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 0, sep);
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        Boolean* ith = dynamic_cast<Boolean*>(arglist->value_at_index(i));
+        if (ith && ith->value() == false) continue;
+        *result << arglist->value_at_index(i);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature list_separator_sig = "list_separator($list)";
+    BUILT_IN(list_separator)
+    {
+      List* l = dynamic_cast<List*>(env["$list"]);
+      if (!l) {
+        l = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, 1);
+        *l << ARG("$list", Expression);
+      }
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path,
+                                           position,
+                                           l->separator() == List::COMMA ? "comma" : "space");
+    }
+
+    /////////////////
+    // MAP FUNCTIONS
+    /////////////////
+
+    Signature map_get_sig = "map-get($map, $key)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_get)
+    {
+      Map* m = ARGM("$map", Map, ctx);
+      Expression* v = ARG("$key", Expression);
+      try {
+        return m->at(v);
+      } catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Null(path, position);
+      }
+      catch (...) { throw; }
+    }
+
+    Signature map_has_key_sig = "map-has-key($map, $key)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_has_key)
+    {
+      Map* m = ARGM("$map", Map, ctx);
+      Expression* v = ARG("$key", Expression);
+      return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, m->has(v));
+    }
+
+    Signature map_keys_sig = "map-keys($map)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_keys)
+    {
+      Map* m = ARGM("$map", Map, ctx);
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, m->length(), List::COMMA);
+      for ( auto key : m->keys()) {
+        *result << key;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature map_values_sig = "map-values($map)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_values)
+    {
+      Map* m = ARGM("$map", Map, ctx);
+      List* result = new (ctx.mem) List(path, position, m->length(), List::COMMA);
+      for ( auto key : m->keys()) {
+        *result << m->at(key);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature map_merge_sig = "map-merge($map1, $map2)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_merge)
+    {
+      Map* m1 = ARGM("$map1", Map, ctx);
+      Map* m2 = ARGM("$map2", Map, ctx);
+
+      size_t len = m1->length() + m2->length();
+      Map* result = new (ctx.mem) Map(path, position, len);
+      *result += m1;
+      *result += m2;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature map_remove_sig = "map-remove($map, $keys...)";
+    BUILT_IN(map_remove)
+    {
+      bool remove;
+      Map* m = ARGM("$map", Map, ctx);
+      List* arglist = ARG("$keys", List);
+      Map* result = new (ctx.mem) Map(path, position, 1);
+      for (auto key : m->keys()) {
+        remove = false;
+        for (size_t j = 0, K = arglist->length(); j < K && !remove; ++j) {
+          remove = eq(key, arglist->value_at_index(j), ctx);
+        }
+        if (!remove) *result << make_pair(key, m->at(key));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Signature keywords_sig = "keywords($args)";
+    BUILT_IN(keywords)
+    {
+      List* arglist = new (ctx.mem) List(*ARG("$args", List));
+      Map* result = new (ctx.mem) Map(path, position, 1);
+      // The parser ensures the ordering of arguments so we can assert this
+      // isn't keyword argument list the first argument isn't a keyword argument
+      if (!(arglist->empty() || ((Argument*)(*arglist)[0])->is_keyword_argument())) return result;
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        string name = string(((Argument*)(*arglist)[i])->name());
+        string sanitized_name = string(name, 1);
+        *result << make_pair(new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, sanitized_name),
+                             ((Argument*)(*arglist)[i])->value());
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // INTROSPECTION FUNCTIONS
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    Signature type_of_sig = "type-of($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(type_of)
+    {
+      Expression* v = ARG("$value", Expression);
+      if (v->concrete_type() == Expression::STRING) {
+        To_String to_string;
+        string str(v->perform(&to_string));
+        if (ctx.names_to_colors.count(str)) {
+          return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "color");
+        }
+      }
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, ARG("$value", Expression)->type());
+    }
+
+    Signature unit_sig = "unit($number)";
+    BUILT_IN(unit)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, quote(ARG("$number", Number)->unit(), '"')); }
+
+    Signature unitless_sig = "unitless($number)";
+    BUILT_IN(unitless)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, ARG("$number", Number)->is_unitless()); }
+
+    Signature comparable_sig = "comparable($number-1, $number-2)";
+    BUILT_IN(comparable)
+    {
+      Number* n1 = ARG("$number-1", Number);
+      Number* n2 = ARG("$number-2", Number);
+      if (n1->is_unitless() || n2->is_unitless()) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+      Number tmp_n2(*n2);
+      tmp_n2.normalize(n1->find_convertible_unit());
+      return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, n1->unit() == tmp_n2.unit());
+    }
+
+    Signature variable_exists_sig = "variable-exists($name)";
+    BUILT_IN(variable_exists)
+    {
+      string s = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+
+      if(d_env.has("$"+s)) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+      else {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature global_variable_exists_sig = "global-variable-exists($name)";
+    BUILT_IN(global_variable_exists)
+    {
+      string s = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+
+      if(d_env.global_frame_has("$"+s)) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+      else {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature function_exists_sig = "function-exists($name)";
+    BUILT_IN(function_exists)
+    {
+      string s = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+
+      if(d_env.global_frame_has(s+"[f]")) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+      else {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature mixin_exists_sig = "mixin-exists($name)";
+    BUILT_IN(mixin_exists)
+    {
+      string s = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+
+      if(d_env.global_frame_has(s+"[m]")) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+      else {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature feature_exists_sig = "feature-exists($name)";
+    BUILT_IN(feature_exists)
+    {
+      string s = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+
+      if(features.find(s) == features.end()) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, false);
+      }
+      else {
+        return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Signature call_sig = "call($name, $args...)";
+    BUILT_IN(call)
+    {
+      string name = unquote(ARG("$name", String_Constant)->value());
+      List* arglist = new (ctx.mem) List(*ARG("$args", List));
+
+      Arguments* args = new (ctx.mem) Arguments(path, position);
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = arglist->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        Argument* arg = new (ctx.mem) Argument(path, position, arglist->value_at_index(i));
+        *args << arg;
+      }
+      Function_Call* func = new (ctx.mem) Function_Call(path, position, name, args);
+      Eval eval(ctx, &d_env, backtrace);
+      return func->perform(&eval);
+
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////////
+
+    Signature not_sig = "not($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(sass_not)
+    { return new (ctx.mem) Boolean(path, position, ARG("$value", Expression)->is_false()); }
+
+    Signature if_sig = "if($condition, $if-true, $if-false)";
+    // BUILT_IN(sass_if)
+    // { return ARG("$condition", Expression)->is_false() ? ARG("$if-false", Expression) : ARG("$if-true", Expression); }
+    BUILT_IN(sass_if)
+    {
+      Eval eval(ctx, &d_env, backtrace);
+      bool is_true = !ARG("$condition", Expression)->perform(&eval)->is_false();
+      if (is_true) {
+        return ARG("$if-true", Expression)->perform(&eval);
+      }
+      else {
+        return ARG("$if-false", Expression)->perform(&eval);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ////////////////
+    // URL FUNCTIONS
+    ////////////////
+
+    Signature image_url_sig = "image-url($path, $only-path: false, $cache-buster: false)";
+    BUILT_IN(image_url)
+    {
+      String_Constant* ipath = ARG("$path", String_Constant);
+      bool only_path = !ARG("$only-path", Expression)->is_false();
+      string full_path(quote(ctx.image_path + "/" + unquote(ipath->value()), '"'));
+      if (!only_path) full_path = "url(" + full_path + ")";
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, full_path);
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    Signature inspect_sig = "inspect($value)";
+    BUILT_IN(inspect)
+    {
+      Expression* v = ARG("$value", Expression);
+      if (v->concrete_type() == Expression::NULL_VAL) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "null");
+      } else if (v->concrete_type() == Expression::BOOLEAN && *v == 0) {
+        return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, "false");
+      }
+      return v;
+    }
+
+    Signature unique_id_sig = "unique-id()";
+    BUILT_IN(unique_id)
+    {
+      std::stringstream ss;
+      uniform_real_distribution<> distributor(0, 4294967296); // 16^8
+      uint_fast32_t distributed = distributor(rand);
+      ss << "u" << setfill('0') << setw(8) << std::hex << distributed;
+      return new (ctx.mem) String_Constant(path, position, ss.str());
+    }
+
+  }
+}