s3_cmd_bin 0.0.1

data/resources/S3/S3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+## Amazon S3 manager
+## Author: Michal Ludvig <michal@logix.cz>
+##         http://www.logix.cz/michal
+## License: GPL Version 2
+
+import sys
+import os, os.path
+import time
+import httplib
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import re
+from logging import debug, info, warning, error
+from stat import ST_SIZE
+
+try:
+    from hashlib import md5
+except ImportError:
+    from md5 import md5
+
+from Utils import *
+from SortedDict import SortedDict
+from AccessLog import AccessLog
+from ACL import ACL, GranteeLogDelivery
+from BidirMap import BidirMap
+from Config import Config
+from Exceptions import *
+from MultiPart import MultiPartUpload
+from S3Uri import S3Uri
+from ConnMan import ConnMan
+
+try:
+    import magic, gzip
+    try:
+        ## https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic
+        magic_ = magic.Magic(mime=True)
+        def mime_magic_file(file):
+            return magic_.from_file(file)
+        def mime_magic_buffer(buffer):
+            return magic_.from_buffer(buffer)
+    except TypeError:
+        ## http://pypi.python.org/pypi/filemagic
+        try:
+            magic_ = magic.Magic(flags=magic.MAGIC_MIME)
+            def mime_magic_file(file):
+                return magic_.id_filename(file)
+            def mime_magic_buffer(buffer):
+                return magic_.id_buffer(buffer)
+        except TypeError:
+            ## file-5.11 built-in python bindings
+            magic_ = magic.open(magic.MAGIC_MIME)
+            magic_.load()
+            def mime_magic_file(file):
+                return magic_.file(file)
+            def mime_magic_buffer(buffer):
+                return magic_.buffer(buffer)
+
+    except AttributeError:
+        ## Older python-magic versions
+        magic_ = magic.open(magic.MAGIC_MIME)
+        magic_.load()
+        def mime_magic_file(file):
+            return magic_.file(file)
+        def mime_magic_buffer(buffer):
+            return magic_.buffer(buffer)
+
+    def mime_magic(file):
+        type = mime_magic_file(file)
+        if type != "application/x-gzip; charset=binary":
+            return (type, None)
+        else:
+            return (mime_magic_buffer(gzip.open(file).read(8192)), 'gzip')
+
+except ImportError, e:
+    if str(e).find("magic") >= 0:
+        magic_message = "Module python-magic is not available."
+    else:
+        magic_message = "Module python-magic can't be used (%s)." % e.message
+    magic_message += " Guessing MIME types based on file extensions."
+    magic_warned = False
+    def mime_magic(file):
+        global magic_warned
+        if (not magic_warned):
+            warning(magic_message)
+            magic_warned = True
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(file)
+
+__all__ = []
+class S3Request(object):
+    def __init__(self, s3, method_string, resource, headers, params = {}):
+        self.s3 = s3
+        self.headers = SortedDict(headers or {}, ignore_case = True)
+        # Add in any extra headers from s3 config object
+        if self.s3.config.extra_headers:
+            self.headers.update(self.s3.config.extra_headers)
+        if len(self.s3.config.access_token)>0:
+            self.s3.config.role_refresh()
+            self.headers['x-amz-security-token']=self.s3.config.access_token
+        self.resource = resource
+        self.method_string = method_string
+        self.params = params
+
+        self.update_timestamp()
+        self.sign()
+
+    def update_timestamp(self):
+        if self.headers.has_key("date"):
+            del(self.headers["date"])
+        self.headers["x-amz-date"] = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", time.gmtime())
+
+    def format_param_str(self):
+        """
+        Format URL parameters from self.params and returns
+        ?parm1=val1&parm2=val2 or an empty string if there
+        are no parameters.  Output of this function should
+        be appended directly to self.resource['uri']
+        """
+        param_str = ""
+        for param in self.params:
+            if self.params[param] not in (None, ""):
+                param_str += "&%s=%s" % (param, self.params[param])
+            else:
+                param_str += "&%s" % param
+        return param_str and "?" + param_str[1:]
+
+    def sign(self):
+        h  = self.method_string + "\n"
+        h += self.headers.get("content-md5", "")+"\n"
+        h += self.headers.get("content-type", "")+"\n"
+        h += self.headers.get("date", "")+"\n"
+        for header in self.headers.keys():
+            if header.startswith("x-amz-"):
+                h += header+":"+str(self.headers[header])+"\n"
+        if self.resource['bucket']:
+            h += "/" + self.resource['bucket']
+        h += self.resource['uri']
+        debug("SignHeaders: " + repr(h))
+        signature = sign_string(h)
+
+        self.headers["Authorization"] = "AWS "+self.s3.config.access_key+":"+signature
+
+    def get_triplet(self):
+        self.update_timestamp()
+        self.sign()
+        resource = dict(self.resource)  ## take a copy
+        resource['uri'] += self.format_param_str()
+        return (self.method_string, resource, self.headers)
+
+class S3(object):
+    http_methods = BidirMap(
+        GET = 0x01,
+        PUT = 0x02,
+        HEAD = 0x04,
+        DELETE = 0x08,
+        POST = 0x10,
+        MASK = 0x1F,
+    )
+
+    targets = BidirMap(
+        SERVICE = 0x0100,
+        BUCKET = 0x0200,
+        OBJECT = 0x0400,
+        MASK = 0x0700,
+    )
+
+    operations = BidirMap(
+        UNDFINED = 0x0000,
+        LIST_ALL_BUCKETS = targets["SERVICE"] | http_methods["GET"],
+        BUCKET_CREATE = targets["BUCKET"] | http_methods["PUT"],
+        BUCKET_LIST = targets["BUCKET"] | http_methods["GET"],
+        BUCKET_DELETE = targets["BUCKET"] | http_methods["DELETE"],
+        OBJECT_PUT = targets["OBJECT"] | http_methods["PUT"],
+        OBJECT_GET = targets["OBJECT"] | http_methods["GET"],
+        OBJECT_HEAD = targets["OBJECT"] | http_methods["HEAD"],
+        OBJECT_DELETE = targets["OBJECT"] | http_methods["DELETE"],
+        OBJECT_POST = targets["OBJECT"] | http_methods["POST"],
+    )
+
+    codes = {
+        "NoSuchBucket" : "Bucket '%s' does not exist",
+        "AccessDenied" : "Access to bucket '%s' was denied",
+        "BucketAlreadyExists" : "Bucket '%s' already exists",
+    }
+
+    ## S3 sometimes sends HTTP-307 response
+    redir_map = {}
+
+    ## Maximum attempts of re-issuing failed requests
+    _max_retries = 5
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        self.config = config
+
+    def get_hostname(self, bucket):
+        if bucket and check_bucket_name_dns_conformity(bucket):
+            if self.redir_map.has_key(bucket):
+                host = self.redir_map[bucket]
+            else:
+                host = getHostnameFromBucket(bucket)
+        else:
+            host = self.config.host_base
+        debug('get_hostname(%s): %s' % (bucket, host))
+        return host
+
+    def set_hostname(self, bucket, redir_hostname):
+        self.redir_map[bucket] = redir_hostname
+
+    def format_uri(self, resource):
+        if resource['bucket'] and not check_bucket_name_dns_conformity(resource['bucket']):
+            uri = "/%s%s" % (resource['bucket'], resource['uri'])
+        else:
+            uri = resource['uri']
+        if self.config.proxy_host != "":
+            uri = "http://%s%s" % (self.get_hostname(resource['bucket']), uri)
+        debug('format_uri(): ' + uri)
+        return uri
+
+    ## Commands / Actions
+    def list_all_buckets(self):
+        request = self.create_request("LIST_ALL_BUCKETS")
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        response["list"] = getListFromXml(response["data"], "Bucket")
+        return response
+
+    def bucket_list(self, bucket, prefix = None, recursive = None):
+        def _list_truncated(data):
+            ## <IsTruncated> can either be "true" or "false" or be missing completely
+            is_truncated = getTextFromXml(data, ".//IsTruncated") or "false"
+            return is_truncated.lower() != "false"
+
+        def _get_contents(data):
+            return getListFromXml(data, "Contents")
+
+        def _get_common_prefixes(data):
+            return getListFromXml(data, "CommonPrefixes")
+
+        uri_params = {}
+        truncated = True
+        list = []
+        prefixes = []
+
+        while truncated:
+            response = self.bucket_list_noparse(bucket, prefix, recursive, uri_params)
+            current_list = _get_contents(response["data"])
+            current_prefixes = _get_common_prefixes(response["data"])
+            truncated = _list_truncated(response["data"])
+            if truncated:
+                if current_list:
+                    uri_params['marker'] = self.urlencode_string(current_list[-1]["Key"])
+                else:
+                    uri_params['marker'] = self.urlencode_string(current_prefixes[-1]["Prefix"])
+                debug("Listing continues after '%s'" % uri_params['marker'])
+
+            list += current_list
+            prefixes += current_prefixes
+
+        response['list'] = list
+        response['common_prefixes'] = prefixes
+        return response
+
+    def bucket_list_noparse(self, bucket, prefix = None, recursive = None, uri_params = {}):
+        if prefix:
+            uri_params['prefix'] = self.urlencode_string(prefix)
+        if not self.config.recursive and not recursive:
+            uri_params['delimiter'] = "/"
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = bucket, **uri_params)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        #debug(response)
+        return response
+
+    def bucket_create(self, bucket, bucket_location = None):
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        body = ""
+        if bucket_location and bucket_location.strip().upper() != "US":
+            bucket_location = bucket_location.strip()
+            if bucket_location.upper() == "EU":
+                bucket_location = bucket_location.upper()
+            else:
+                bucket_location = bucket_location.lower()
+            body  = "<CreateBucketConfiguration><LocationConstraint>"
+            body += bucket_location
+            body += "</LocationConstraint></CreateBucketConfiguration>"
+            debug("bucket_location: " + body)
+            check_bucket_name(bucket, dns_strict = True)
+        else:
+            check_bucket_name(bucket, dns_strict = False)
+        if self.config.acl_public:
+            headers["x-amz-acl"] = "public-read"
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_CREATE", bucket = bucket, headers = headers)
+        response = self.send_request(request, body)
+        return response
+
+    def bucket_delete(self, bucket):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_DELETE", bucket = bucket)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response
+
+    def get_bucket_location(self, uri):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?location")
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        location = getTextFromXml(response['data'], "LocationConstraint")
+        if not location or location in [ "", "US" ]:
+            location = "us-east-1"
+        elif location == "EU":
+            location = "eu-west-1"
+        return location
+
+    def bucket_info(self, uri):
+        # For now reports only "Location". One day perhaps more.
+        response = {}
+        response['bucket-location'] = self.get_bucket_location(uri)
+        return response
+
+    def website_info(self, uri, bucket_location = None):
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        bucket = uri.bucket()
+        body = ""
+
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = bucket, extra="?website")
+        try:
+            response = self.send_request(request, body)
+            response['index_document'] = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//IndexDocument//Suffix")
+            response['error_document'] = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//ErrorDocument//Key")
+            response['website_endpoint'] = self.config.website_endpoint % {
+                "bucket" : uri.bucket(),
+                "location" : self.get_bucket_location(uri)}
+            return response
+        except S3Error, e:
+            if e.status == 404:
+                debug("Could not get /?website - website probably not configured for this bucket")
+                return None
+            raise
+
+    def website_create(self, uri, bucket_location = None):
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        bucket = uri.bucket()
+        body = '<WebsiteConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">'
+        body += '  <IndexDocument>'
+        body += ('    <Suffix>%s</Suffix>' % self.config.website_index)
+        body += '  </IndexDocument>'
+        if self.config.website_error:
+            body += '  <ErrorDocument>'
+            body += ('    <Key>%s</Key>' % self.config.website_error)
+            body += '  </ErrorDocument>'
+        body += '</WebsiteConfiguration>'
+
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_CREATE", bucket = bucket, extra="?website")
+        debug("About to send request '%s' with body '%s'" % (request, body))
+        response = self.send_request(request, body)
+        debug("Received response '%s'" % (response))
+
+        return response
+
+    def website_delete(self, uri, bucket_location = None):
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        bucket = uri.bucket()
+        body = ""
+
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_DELETE", bucket = bucket, extra="?website")
+        debug("About to send request '%s' with body '%s'" % (request, body))
+        response = self.send_request(request, body)
+        debug("Received response '%s'" % (response))
+
+        if response['status'] != 204:
+            raise S3ResponseError("Expected status 204: %s" % response)
+
+        return response
+
+    def add_encoding(self, filename, content_type):
+        if content_type.find("charset=") != -1:
+           return False
+        exts = self.config.add_encoding_exts.split(',')
+        if exts[0]=='':
+            return False
+        parts = filename.rsplit('.',2)
+        if len(parts) < 2:
+            return False
+        ext = parts[1]
+        if ext in exts:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def object_put(self, filename, uri, extra_headers = None, extra_label = ""):
+        # TODO TODO
+        # Make it consistent with stream-oriented object_get()
+        if uri.type != "s3":
+            raise ValueError("Expected URI type 's3', got '%s'" % uri.type)
+
+        if filename != "-" and not os.path.isfile(filename):
+            raise InvalidFileError(u"%s is not a regular file" % unicodise(filename))
+        try:
+            if filename == "-":
+                file = sys.stdin
+                size = 0
+            else:
+                file = open(filename, "rb")
+                size = os.stat(filename)[ST_SIZE]
+        except (IOError, OSError), e:
+            raise InvalidFileError(u"%s: %s" % (unicodise(filename), e.strerror))
+
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        if extra_headers:
+            headers.update(extra_headers)
+
+        ## MIME-type handling
+        content_type = self.config.mime_type
+        content_encoding = None
+        if filename != "-" and not content_type and self.config.guess_mime_type:
+            (content_type, content_encoding) = mime_magic(filename)
+        if not content_type:
+            content_type = self.config.default_mime_type
+        if not content_encoding:
+            content_encoding = self.config.encoding.upper()
+
+        ## add charset to content type
+        if self.add_encoding(filename, content_type) and content_encoding is not None:
+            content_type = content_type + "; charset=" + content_encoding
+
+        headers["content-type"] = content_type
+        if content_encoding is not None:
+            headers["content-encoding"] = content_encoding
+
+        ## Other Amazon S3 attributes
+        if self.config.acl_public:
+            headers["x-amz-acl"] = "public-read"
+        if self.config.reduced_redundancy:
+            headers["x-amz-storage-class"] = "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
+
+        ## Multipart decision
+        multipart = False
+        if not self.config.enable_multipart and filename == "-":
+            raise ParameterError("Multi-part upload is required to upload from stdin")
+        if self.config.enable_multipart:
+            if size > self.config.multipart_chunk_size_mb * 1024 * 1024 or filename == "-":
+                multipart = True
+        if multipart:
+            # Multipart requests are quite different... drop here
+            return self.send_file_multipart(file, headers, uri, size)
+
+        ## Not multipart...
+        headers["content-length"] = size
+        request = self.create_request("OBJECT_PUT", uri = uri, headers = headers)
+        labels = { 'source' : unicodise(filename), 'destination' : unicodise(uri.uri()), 'extra' : extra_label }
+        response = self.send_file(request, file, labels)
+        return response
+
+    def object_get(self, uri, stream, start_position = 0, extra_label = ""):
+        if uri.type != "s3":
+            raise ValueError("Expected URI type 's3', got '%s'" % uri.type)
+        request = self.create_request("OBJECT_GET", uri = uri)
+        labels = { 'source' : unicodise(uri.uri()), 'destination' : unicodise(stream.name), 'extra' : extra_label }
+        response = self.recv_file(request, stream, labels, start_position)
+        return response
+
+    def object_delete(self, uri):
+        if uri.type != "s3":
+            raise ValueError("Expected URI type 's3', got '%s'" % uri.type)
+        request = self.create_request("OBJECT_DELETE", uri = uri)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response
+
+    def object_copy(self, src_uri, dst_uri, extra_headers = None):
+        if src_uri.type != "s3":
+            raise ValueError("Expected URI type 's3', got '%s'" % src_uri.type)
+        if dst_uri.type != "s3":
+            raise ValueError("Expected URI type 's3', got '%s'" % dst_uri.type)
+        headers = SortedDict(ignore_case = True)
+        headers['x-amz-copy-source'] = "/%s/%s" % (src_uri.bucket(), self.urlencode_string(src_uri.object()))
+        ## TODO: For now COPY, later maybe add a switch?
+        headers['x-amz-metadata-directive'] = "COPY"
+        if self.config.acl_public:
+            headers["x-amz-acl"] = "public-read"
+        if self.config.reduced_redundancy:
+            headers["x-amz-storage-class"] = "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
+        # if extra_headers:
+        #   headers.update(extra_headers)
+        request = self.create_request("OBJECT_PUT", uri = dst_uri, headers = headers)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response
+
+    def object_move(self, src_uri, dst_uri, extra_headers = None):
+        response_copy = self.object_copy(src_uri, dst_uri, extra_headers)
+        debug("Object %s copied to %s" % (src_uri, dst_uri))
+        if getRootTagName(response_copy["data"]) == "CopyObjectResult":
+            response_delete = self.object_delete(src_uri)
+            debug("Object %s deleted" % src_uri)
+        return response_copy
+
+    def object_info(self, uri):
+        request = self.create_request("OBJECT_HEAD", uri = uri)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response
+
+    def get_acl(self, uri):
+        if uri.has_object():
+            request = self.create_request("OBJECT_GET", uri = uri, extra = "?acl")
+        else:
+            request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?acl")
+
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        acl = ACL(response['data'])
+        return acl
+
+    def set_acl(self, uri, acl):
+        if uri.has_object():
+            request = self.create_request("OBJECT_PUT", uri = uri, extra = "?acl")
+        else:
+            request = self.create_request("BUCKET_CREATE", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?acl")
+
+        body = str(acl)
+        debug(u"set_acl(%s): acl-xml: %s" % (uri, body))
+        response = self.send_request(request, body)
+        return response
+
+    def get_policy(self, uri):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?policy")
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response['data']
+
+    def set_policy(self, uri, policy):
+        headers = {}
+        # TODO check policy is proper json string
+        headers['content-type'] = 'application/json'
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_CREATE", uri = uri,
+                                      extra = "?policy", headers=headers)
+        body = policy
+        debug(u"set_policy(%s): policy-json: %s" % (uri, body))
+        request.sign()
+        response = self.send_request(request, body=body)
+        return response
+
+    def delete_policy(self, uri):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_DELETE", uri = uri, extra = "?policy")
+        debug(u"delete_policy(%s)" % uri)
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        return response
+
+    def get_accesslog(self, uri):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_LIST", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?logging")
+        response = self.send_request(request)
+        accesslog = AccessLog(response['data'])
+        return accesslog
+
+    def set_accesslog_acl(self, uri):
+        acl = self.get_acl(uri)
+        debug("Current ACL(%s): %s" % (uri.uri(), str(acl)))
+        acl.appendGrantee(GranteeLogDelivery("READ_ACP"))
+        acl.appendGrantee(GranteeLogDelivery("WRITE"))
+        debug("Updated ACL(%s): %s" % (uri.uri(), str(acl)))
+        self.set_acl(uri, acl)
+
+    def set_accesslog(self, uri, enable, log_target_prefix_uri = None, acl_public = False):
+        request = self.create_request("BUCKET_CREATE", bucket = uri.bucket(), extra = "?logging")
+        accesslog = AccessLog()
+        if enable:
+            accesslog.enableLogging(log_target_prefix_uri)
+            accesslog.setAclPublic(acl_public)
+        else:
+            accesslog.disableLogging()
+        body = str(accesslog)
+        debug(u"set_accesslog(%s): accesslog-xml: %s" % (uri, body))
+        try:
+            response = self.send_request(request, body)
+        except S3Error, e:
+            if e.info['Code'] == "InvalidTargetBucketForLogging":
+                info("Setting up log-delivery ACL for target bucket.")
+                self.set_accesslog_acl(S3Uri("s3://%s" % log_target_prefix_uri.bucket()))
+                response = self.send_request(request, body)
+            else:
+                raise
+        return accesslog, response
+
+    ## Low level methods
+    def urlencode_string(self, string, urlencoding_mode = None):
+        if type(string) == unicode:
+            string = string.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if urlencoding_mode is None:
+            urlencoding_mode = self.config.urlencoding_mode
+
+        if urlencoding_mode == "verbatim":
+            ## Don't do any pre-processing
+            return string
+
+        encoded = ""
+        ## List of characters that must be escaped for S3
+        ## Haven't found this in any official docs
+        ## but my tests show it's more less correct.
+        ## If you start getting InvalidSignature errors
+        ## from S3 check the error headers returned
+        ## from S3 to see whether the list hasn't
+        ## changed.
+        for c in string:    # I'm not sure how to know in what encoding
+                    # 'object' is. Apparently "type(object)==str"
+                    # but the contents is a string of unicode
+                    # bytes, e.g. '\xc4\x8d\xc5\xafr\xc3\xa1k'
+                    # Don't know what it will do on non-utf8
+                    # systems.
+                    #           [hope that sounds reassuring ;-)]
+            o = ord(c)
+            if (o < 0x20 or o == 0x7f):
+                if urlencoding_mode == "fixbucket":
+                    encoded += "%%%02X" % o
+                else:
+                    error(u"Non-printable character 0x%02x in: %s" % (o, string))
+                    error(u"Please report it to s3tools-bugs@lists.sourceforge.net")
+                    encoded += replace_nonprintables(c)
+            elif (o == 0x20 or  # Space and below
+                o == 0x22 or    # "
+                o == 0x23 or    # #
+                o == 0x25 or    # % (escape character)
+                o == 0x26 or    # &
+                o == 0x2B or    # + (or it would become <space>)
+                o == 0x3C or    # <
+                o == 0x3E or    # >
+                o == 0x3F or    # ?
+                o == 0x60 or    # `
+                o >= 123):      # { and above, including >= 128 for UTF-8
+                encoded += "%%%02X" % o
+            else:
+                encoded += c
+        debug("String '%s' encoded to '%s'" % (string, encoded))
+        return encoded
+
+    def create_request(self, operation, uri = None, bucket = None, object = None, headers = None, extra = None, **params):
+        resource = { 'bucket' : None, 'uri' : "/" }
+
+        if uri and (bucket or object):
+            raise ValueError("Both 'uri' and either 'bucket' or 'object' parameters supplied")
+        ## If URI is given use that instead of bucket/object parameters
+        if uri:
+            bucket = uri.bucket()
+            object = uri.has_object() and uri.object() or None
+
+        if bucket:
+            resource['bucket'] = str(bucket)
+            if object:
+                resource['uri'] = "/" + self.urlencode_string(object)
+        if extra:
+            resource['uri'] += extra
+
+        method_string = S3.http_methods.getkey(S3.operations[operation] & S3.http_methods["MASK"])
+
+        request = S3Request(self, method_string, resource, headers, params)
+
+        debug("CreateRequest: resource[uri]=" + resource['uri'])
+        return request
+
+    def _fail_wait(self, retries):
+        # Wait a few seconds. The more it fails the more we wait.
+        return (self._max_retries - retries + 1) * 3
+
+    def send_request(self, request, body = None, retries = _max_retries):
+        method_string, resource, headers = request.get_triplet()
+        debug("Processing request, please wait...")
+        if not headers.has_key('content-length'):
+            headers['content-length'] = body and len(body) or 0
+        try:
+            # "Stringify" all headers
+            for header in headers.keys():
+                headers[header] = str(headers[header])
+            conn = ConnMan.get(self.get_hostname(resource['bucket']))
+            uri = self.format_uri(resource)
+            debug("Sending request method_string=%r, uri=%r, headers=%r, body=(%i bytes)" % (method_string, uri, headers, len(body or "")))
+            conn.c.request(method_string, uri, body, headers)
+            response = {}
+            http_response = conn.c.getresponse()
+            response["status"] = http_response.status
+            response["reason"] = http_response.reason
+            response["headers"] = convertTupleListToDict(http_response.getheaders())
+            response["data"] =  http_response.read()
+            debug("Response: " + str(response))
+            ConnMan.put(conn)
+        except ParameterError, e:
+            raise
+        except Exception, e:
+            if retries:
+                warning("Retrying failed request: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], e))
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                return self.send_request(request, body, retries - 1)
+            else:
+                raise S3RequestError("Request failed for: %s" % resource['uri'])
+
+        if response["status"] == 307:
+            ## RedirectPermanent
+            redir_bucket = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Bucket")
+            redir_hostname = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Endpoint")
+            self.set_hostname(redir_bucket, redir_hostname)
+            warning("Redirected to: %s" % (redir_hostname))
+            return self.send_request(request, body)
+
+        if response["status"] >= 500:
+            e = S3Error(response)
+            if retries:
+                warning(u"Retrying failed request: %s" % resource['uri'])
+                warning(unicode(e))
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                return self.send_request(request, body, retries - 1)
+            else:
+                raise e
+
+        if response["status"] < 200 or response["status"] > 299:
+            raise S3Error(response)
+
+        return response
+
+    def send_file(self, request, file, labels, buffer = '', throttle = 0, retries = _max_retries, offset = 0, chunk_size = -1):
+        method_string, resource, headers = request.get_triplet()
+        size_left = size_total = headers.get("content-length")
+        if self.config.progress_meter:
+            progress = self.config.progress_class(labels, size_total)
+        else:
+            info("Sending file '%s', please wait..." % file.name)
+        timestamp_start = time.time()
+        try:
+            conn = ConnMan.get(self.get_hostname(resource['bucket']))
+            conn.c.putrequest(method_string, self.format_uri(resource))
+            for header in headers.keys():
+                conn.c.putheader(header, str(headers[header]))
+            conn.c.endheaders()
+        except ParameterError, e:
+            raise
+        except Exception, e:
+            if self.config.progress_meter:
+                progress.done("failed")
+            if retries:
+                warning("Retrying failed request: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], e))
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                # Connection error -> same throttle value
+                return self.send_file(request, file, labels, buffer, throttle, retries - 1, offset, chunk_size)
+            else:
+                raise S3UploadError("Upload failed for: %s" % resource['uri'])
+        if buffer == '':
+            file.seek(offset)
+        md5_hash = md5()
+        try:
+            while (size_left > 0):
+                #debug("SendFile: Reading up to %d bytes from '%s' - remaining bytes: %s" % (self.config.send_chunk, file.name, size_left))
+                if buffer == '':
+                    data = file.read(min(self.config.send_chunk, size_left))
+                else:
+                    data = buffer
+                md5_hash.update(data)
+                conn.c.send(data)
+                if self.config.progress_meter:
+                    progress.update(delta_position = len(data))
+                size_left -= len(data)
+                if throttle:
+                    time.sleep(throttle)
+            md5_computed = md5_hash.hexdigest()
+            response = {}
+            http_response = conn.c.getresponse()
+            response["status"] = http_response.status
+            response["reason"] = http_response.reason
+            response["headers"] = convertTupleListToDict(http_response.getheaders())
+            response["data"] = http_response.read()
+            response["size"] = size_total
+            ConnMan.put(conn)
+            debug(u"Response: %s" % response)
+        except ParameterError, e:
+            raise
+        except Exception, e:
+            if self.config.progress_meter:
+                progress.done("failed")
+            if retries:
+                if retries < self._max_retries:
+                    throttle = throttle and throttle * 5 or 0.01
+                warning("Upload failed: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], e))
+                warning("Retrying on lower speed (throttle=%0.2f)" % throttle)
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                # Connection error -> same throttle value
+                return self.send_file(request, file, labels, buffer, throttle, retries - 1, offset, chunk_size)
+            else:
+                debug("Giving up on '%s' %s" % (file.name, e))
+                raise S3UploadError("Upload failed for: %s" % resource['uri'])
+
+        timestamp_end = time.time()
+        response["elapsed"] = timestamp_end - timestamp_start
+        response["speed"] = response["elapsed"] and float(response["size"]) / response["elapsed"] or float(-1)
+
+        if self.config.progress_meter:
+            ## Finalising the upload takes some time -> update() progress meter
+            ## to correct the average speed. Otherwise people will complain that
+            ## 'progress' and response["speed"] are inconsistent ;-)
+            progress.update()
+            progress.done("done")
+
+        if response["status"] == 307:
+            ## RedirectPermanent
+            redir_bucket = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Bucket")
+            redir_hostname = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Endpoint")
+            self.set_hostname(redir_bucket, redir_hostname)
+            warning("Redirected to: %s" % (redir_hostname))
+            return self.send_file(request, file, labels, buffer, offset = offset, chunk_size = chunk_size)
+
+        # S3 from time to time doesn't send ETag back in a response :-(
+        # Force re-upload here.
+        if not response['headers'].has_key('etag'):
+            response['headers']['etag'] = ''
+
+        if response["status"] < 200 or response["status"] > 299:
+            try_retry = False
+            if response["status"] >= 500:
+                ## AWS internal error - retry
+                try_retry = True
+            elif response["status"] >= 400:
+                err = S3Error(response)
+                ## Retriable client error?
+                if err.code in [ 'BadDigest', 'OperationAborted', 'TokenRefreshRequired', 'RequestTimeout' ]:
+                    try_retry = True
+
+            if try_retry:
+                if retries:
+                    warning("Upload failed: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], S3Error(response)))
+                    warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                    time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                    return self.send_file(request, file, labels, buffer, throttle, retries - 1, offset, chunk_size)
+                else:
+                    warning("Too many failures. Giving up on '%s'" % (file.name))
+                    raise S3UploadError
+
+            ## Non-recoverable error
+            raise S3Error(response)
+
+        debug("MD5 sums: computed=%s, received=%s" % (md5_computed, response["headers"]["etag"]))
+        if response["headers"]["etag"].strip('"\'') != md5_hash.hexdigest():
+            warning("MD5 Sums don't match!")
+            if retries:
+                warning("Retrying upload of %s" % (file.name))
+                return self.send_file(request, file, labels, buffer, throttle, retries - 1, offset, chunk_size)
+            else:
+                warning("Too many failures. Giving up on '%s'" % (file.name))
+                raise S3UploadError
+
+        return response
+
+    def send_file_multipart(self, file, headers, uri, size):
+        chunk_size = self.config.multipart_chunk_size_mb * 1024 * 1024
+        timestamp_start = time.time()
+        upload = MultiPartUpload(self, file, uri, headers)
+        upload.upload_all_parts()
+        response = upload.complete_multipart_upload()
+        timestamp_end = time.time()
+        response["elapsed"] = timestamp_end - timestamp_start
+        response["size"] = size
+        response["speed"] = response["elapsed"] and float(response["size"]) / response["elapsed"] or float(-1)
+        return response
+
+    def recv_file(self, request, stream, labels, start_position = 0, retries = _max_retries):
+        method_string, resource, headers = request.get_triplet()
+        if self.config.progress_meter:
+            progress = self.config.progress_class(labels, 0)
+        else:
+            info("Receiving file '%s', please wait..." % stream.name)
+        timestamp_start = time.time()
+        try:
+            conn = ConnMan.get(self.get_hostname(resource['bucket']))
+            conn.c.putrequest(method_string, self.format_uri(resource))
+            for header in headers.keys():
+                conn.c.putheader(header, str(headers[header]))
+            if start_position > 0:
+                debug("Requesting Range: %d .. end" % start_position)
+                conn.c.putheader("Range", "bytes=%d-" % start_position)
+            conn.c.endheaders()
+            response = {}
+            http_response = conn.c.getresponse()
+            response["status"] = http_response.status
+            response["reason"] = http_response.reason
+            response["headers"] = convertTupleListToDict(http_response.getheaders())
+            debug("Response: %s" % response)
+        except ParameterError, e:
+            raise
+        except Exception, e:
+            if self.config.progress_meter:
+                progress.done("failed")
+            if retries:
+                warning("Retrying failed request: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], e))
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                # Connection error -> same throttle value
+                return self.recv_file(request, stream, labels, start_position, retries - 1)
+            else:
+                raise S3DownloadError("Download failed for: %s" % resource['uri'])
+
+        if response["status"] == 307:
+            ## RedirectPermanent
+            response['data'] = http_response.read()
+            redir_bucket = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Bucket")
+            redir_hostname = getTextFromXml(response['data'], ".//Endpoint")
+            self.set_hostname(redir_bucket, redir_hostname)
+            warning("Redirected to: %s" % (redir_hostname))
+            return self.recv_file(request, stream, labels)
+
+        if response["status"] < 200 or response["status"] > 299:
+            raise S3Error(response)
+
+        if start_position == 0:
+            # Only compute MD5 on the fly if we're downloading from beginning
+            # Otherwise we'd get a nonsense.
+            md5_hash = md5()
+        size_left = int(response["headers"]["content-length"])
+        size_total = start_position + size_left
+        current_position = start_position
+
+        if self.config.progress_meter:
+            progress.total_size = size_total
+            progress.initial_position = current_position
+            progress.current_position = current_position
+
+        try:
+            while (current_position < size_total):
+                this_chunk = size_left > self.config.recv_chunk and self.config.recv_chunk or size_left
+                data = http_response.read(this_chunk)
+                if len(data) == 0:
+                    raise S3Error("EOF from S3!")
+
+                stream.write(data)
+                if start_position == 0:
+                    md5_hash.update(data)
+                current_position += len(data)
+                ## Call progress meter from here...
+                if self.config.progress_meter:
+                    progress.update(delta_position = len(data))
+            ConnMan.put(conn)
+        except Exception, e:
+            if self.config.progress_meter:
+                progress.done("failed")
+            if retries:
+                warning("Retrying failed request: %s (%s)" % (resource['uri'], e))
+                warning("Waiting %d sec..." % self._fail_wait(retries))
+                time.sleep(self._fail_wait(retries))
+                # Connection error -> same throttle value
+                return self.recv_file(request, stream, labels, current_position, retries - 1)
+            else:
+                raise S3DownloadError("Download failed for: %s" % resource['uri'])
+
+        stream.flush()
+        timestamp_end = time.time()
+
+        if self.config.progress_meter:
+            ## The above stream.flush() may take some time -> update() progress meter
+            ## to correct the average speed. Otherwise people will complain that
+            ## 'progress' and response["speed"] are inconsistent ;-)
+            progress.update()
+            progress.done("done")
+
+        if start_position == 0:
+            # Only compute MD5 on the fly if we were downloading from the beginning
+            response["md5"] = md5_hash.hexdigest()
+        else:
+            # Otherwise try to compute MD5 of the output file
+            try:
+                response["md5"] = hash_file_md5(stream.name)
+            except IOError, e:
+                if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+                    warning("Unable to open file: %s: %s" % (stream.name, e))
+                warning("Unable to verify MD5. Assume it matches.")
+                response["md5"] = response["headers"]["etag"]
+
+        response["md5match"] = response["headers"]["etag"].find(response["md5"]) >= 0
+        response["elapsed"] = timestamp_end - timestamp_start
+        response["size"] = current_position
+        response["speed"] = response["elapsed"] and float(response["size"]) / response["elapsed"] or float(-1)
+        if response["size"] != start_position + long(response["headers"]["content-length"]):
+            warning("Reported size (%s) does not match received size (%s)" % (
+                start_position + response["headers"]["content-length"], response["size"]))
+        debug("ReceiveFile: Computed MD5 = %s" % response["md5"])
+        if not response["md5match"]:
+            warning("MD5 signatures do not match: computed=%s, received=%s" % (
+                response["md5"], response["headers"]["etag"]))
+        return response
+__all__.append("S3")
+
+# vim:et:ts=4:sts=4:ai