rxjs-rails 2.3.10 → 2.3.11

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/rx.compat.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
 
 ;(function (undefined) {
 
@@ -16,55 +16,55 @@
     freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module,
     moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports,
     freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
-  
+
   if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
     root = freeGlobal;
   }
 
-  var Rx = { 
-      internals: {}, 
+  var Rx = {
+      internals: {},
       config: {
         Promise: root.Promise // Detect if promise exists
       },
       helpers: { }
   };
-    
-  // Defaults
-  var noop = Rx.helpers.noop = function () { },
-    notDefined = Rx.helpers.notDefined = function (x) { return typeof x === 'undefined'; },
-    isScheduler = Rx.helpers.isScheduler = function (x) { return x instanceof Rx.Scheduler; },
-    identity = Rx.helpers.identity = function (x) { return x; },
-    pluck = Rx.helpers.pluck = function (property) { return function (x) { return x[property]; }; },
-    just = Rx.helpers.just = function (value) { return function () { return value; }; },
-    defaultNow = Rx.helpers.defaultNow = (function () { return !!Date.now ? Date.now : function () { return +new Date; }; }()),
-    defaultComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultComparer = function (x, y) { return isEqual(x, y); },
-    defaultSubComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultSubComparer = function (x, y) { return x > y ? 1 : (x < y ? -1 : 0); },
-    defaultKeySerializer = Rx.helpers.defaultKeySerializer = function (x) { return x.toString(); },
-    defaultError = Rx.helpers.defaultError = function (err) { throw err; },
-    isPromise = Rx.helpers.isPromise = function (p) { return !!p && typeof p.then === 'function'; },
-    asArray = Rx.helpers.asArray = function () { return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); },
-    not = Rx.helpers.not = function (a) { return !a; },
-    isFunction = Rx.helpers.isFunction = (function () {
-
-      var isFn = function (value) {
-        return typeof value == 'function' || false;
-      }
-
-      // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
-      if (isFn(/x/)) {
-        isFn = function(value) {
-          return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == '[object Function]';
-        };
-      }    
-
-      return isFn;
-    }());    
-
-  // Errors
-  var sequenceContainsNoElements = 'Sequence contains no elements.';
-  var argumentOutOfRange = 'Argument out of range';
-  var objectDisposed = 'Object has been disposed';
-  function checkDisposed() { if (this.isDisposed) { throw new Error(objectDisposed); } }
+
+  // Defaults
+  var noop = Rx.helpers.noop = function () { },
+    notDefined = Rx.helpers.notDefined = function (x) { return typeof x === 'undefined'; },
+    isScheduler = Rx.helpers.isScheduler = function (x) { return x instanceof Rx.Scheduler; },
+    identity = Rx.helpers.identity = function (x) { return x; },
+    pluck = Rx.helpers.pluck = function (property) { return function (x) { return x[property]; }; },
+    just = Rx.helpers.just = function (value) { return function () { return value; }; },
+    defaultNow = Rx.helpers.defaultNow = (function () { return !!Date.now ? Date.now : function () { return +new Date; }; }()),
+    defaultComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultComparer = function (x, y) { return isEqual(x, y); },
+    defaultSubComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultSubComparer = function (x, y) { return x > y ? 1 : (x < y ? -1 : 0); },
+    defaultKeySerializer = Rx.helpers.defaultKeySerializer = function (x) { return x.toString(); },
+    defaultError = Rx.helpers.defaultError = function (err) { throw err; },
+    isPromise = Rx.helpers.isPromise = function (p) { return !!p && typeof p.then === 'function'; },
+    asArray = Rx.helpers.asArray = function () { return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); },
+    not = Rx.helpers.not = function (a) { return !a; },
+    isFunction = Rx.helpers.isFunction = (function () {
+
+      var isFn = function (value) {
+        return typeof value == 'function' || false;
+      }
+
+      // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
+      if (isFn(/x/)) {
+        isFn = function(value) {
+          return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == '[object Function]';
+        };
+      }
+
+      return isFn;
+    }());
+
+  // Errors
+  var sequenceContainsNoElements = 'Sequence contains no elements.';
+  var argumentOutOfRange = 'Argument out of range';
+  var objectDisposed = 'Object has been disposed';
+  function checkDisposed() { if (this.isDisposed) { throw new Error(objectDisposed); } }
 
   // Shim in iterator support
   var $iterator$ = (typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.iterator) ||
@@ -73,8 +73,10 @@
   if (root.Set && typeof new root.Set()['@@iterator'] === 'function') {
     $iterator$ = '@@iterator';
   }
-  
-  var doneEnumerator = { done: true, value: undefined };
+
+  var doneEnumerator = Rx.doneEnumerator = { done: true, value: undefined };
+
+  Rx.iterator = $iterator$;
 
   /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
   var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@
     stringClass = '[object String]';
 
   var toString = Object.prototype.toString,
-    hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,  
+    hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,
     supportsArgsClass = toString.call(arguments) == argsClass, // For less <IE9 && FF<4
     suportNodeClass,
     errorProto = Error.prototype,
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@
       props = [];
 
     ctor.prototype = { 'valueOf': 1, 'y': 1 };
-    for (var key in new ctor) { props.push(key); }      
+    for (var key in new ctor) { props.push(key); }
     for (key in arguments) { }
 
     // Detect if `name` or `message` properties of `Error.prototype` are enumerable by default.
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@
       }
     }
     return object;
-  }   
+  }
 
   function internalForIn(object, callback) {
     return internalFor(object, callback, keysIn);
@@ -213,10 +215,10 @@
     isArguments = function(value) {
       return (value && typeof value == 'object') ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
     };
-  }     
+  }
 
   var isEqual = Rx.internals.isEqual = function (x, y) {
-    return deepEquals(x, y, [], []); 
+    return deepEquals(x, y, [], []);
   };
 
   /** @private
@@ -357,47 +359,45 @@
 
     return result;
   }
-    var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
-    function argsOrArray(args, idx) {
-        return args.length === 1 && Array.isArray(args[idx]) ?
-            args[idx] :
-            slice.call(args);
-    }
-    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
 
-    /** @private */
-    var inherits = this.inherits = Rx.internals.inherits = function (child, parent) {
-        function __() { this.constructor = child; }
-        __.prototype = parent.prototype;
-        child.prototype = new __();
-    };
+  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+  function argsOrArray(args, idx) {
+    return args.length === 1 && Array.isArray(args[idx]) ?
+      args[idx] :
+      slice.call(args);
+  }
+  var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
 
-    /** @private */    
-    var addProperties = Rx.internals.addProperties = function (obj) {
-        var sources = slice.call(arguments, 1);
-        for (var i = 0, len = sources.length; i < len; i++) {
-            var source = sources[i];
-            for (var prop in source) {
-                obj[prop] = source[prop];
-            }
-        }
-    };
+  var inherits = this.inherits = Rx.internals.inherits = function (child, parent) {
+    function __() { this.constructor = child; }
+    __.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new __();
+  };
 
-    // Rx Utils
-    var addRef = Rx.internals.addRef = function (xs, r) {
-        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-            return new CompositeDisposable(r.getDisposable(), xs.subscribe(observer));
-        });
-    };
+  var addProperties = Rx.internals.addProperties = function (obj) {
+    var sources = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    for (var i = 0, len = sources.length; i < len; i++) {
+      var source = sources[i];
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    }
+  };
 
-    // Collection polyfills
-    function arrayInitialize(count, factory) {
-        var a = new Array(count);
-        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            a[i] = factory();
-        }
-        return a;
+  // Rx Utils
+  var addRef = Rx.internals.addRef = function (xs, r) {
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      return new CompositeDisposable(r.getDisposable(), xs.subscribe(observer));
+    });
+  };
+
+  function arrayInitialize(count, factory) {
+    var a = new Array(count);
+    for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      a[i] = factory();
     }
+    return a;
+  }
 
   // Utilities
   if (!Function.prototype.bind) {
@@ -550,91 +550,92 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
   }
 
-  // Collections
-  function IndexedItem(id, value) {
-    this.id = id;
-    this.value = value;
-  }
-
-  IndexedItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
-    var c = this.value.compareTo(other.value);
-    c === 0 && (c = this.id - other.id);
-    return c;
-  };
-
-  // Priority Queue for Scheduling
-  var PriorityQueue = Rx.internals.PriorityQueue = function (capacity) {
-    this.items = new Array(capacity);
-    this.length = 0;
-  };
-
-  var priorityProto = PriorityQueue.prototype;
-  priorityProto.isHigherPriority = function (left, right) {
-    return this.items[left].compareTo(this.items[right]) < 0;
-  };
-
-  priorityProto.percolate = function (index) {
-    if (index >= this.length || index < 0) { return; }
-    var parent = index - 1 >> 1;
-    if (parent < 0 || parent === index) { return; }
-    if (this.isHigherPriority(index, parent)) {
-      var temp = this.items[index];
-      this.items[index] = this.items[parent];
-      this.items[parent] = temp;
-      this.percolate(parent);
-    }
-  };
-
-  priorityProto.heapify = function (index) {
-    +index || (index = 0);
-    if (index >= this.length || index < 0) { return; }
-    var left = 2 * index + 1,
-        right = 2 * index + 2,
-        first = index;
-    if (left < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(left, first)) {
-      first = left;
-    }
-    if (right < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(right, first)) {
-      first = right;
-    }
-    if (first !== index) {
-      var temp = this.items[index];
-      this.items[index] = this.items[first];
-      this.items[first] = temp;
-      this.heapify(first);
-    }
-  };
-  
-  priorityProto.peek = function () { return this.items[0].value; };
-
-  priorityProto.removeAt = function (index) {
-    this.items[index] = this.items[--this.length];
-    delete this.items[this.length];
-    this.heapify();
-  };
-
-  priorityProto.dequeue = function () {
-    var result = this.peek();
-    this.removeAt(0);
-    return result;
-  };
-
-  priorityProto.enqueue = function (item) {
-    var index = this.length++;
-    this.items[index] = new IndexedItem(PriorityQueue.count++, item);
-    this.percolate(index);
-  };
-
-  priorityProto.remove = function (item) {
-    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
-      if (this.items[i].value === item) {
-        this.removeAt(i);
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
+  // Collections
+  function IndexedItem(id, value) {
+    this.id = id;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  IndexedItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
+    var c = this.value.compareTo(other.value);
+    c === 0 && (c = this.id - other.id);
+    return c;
+  };
+
+  // Priority Queue for Scheduling
+  var PriorityQueue = Rx.internals.PriorityQueue = function (capacity) {
+    this.items = new Array(capacity);
+    this.length = 0;
+  };
+
+  var priorityProto = PriorityQueue.prototype;
+  priorityProto.isHigherPriority = function (left, right) {
+    return this.items[left].compareTo(this.items[right]) < 0;
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.percolate = function (index) {
+    if (index >= this.length || index < 0) { return; }
+    var parent = index - 1 >> 1;
+    if (parent < 0 || parent === index) { return; }
+    if (this.isHigherPriority(index, parent)) {
+      var temp = this.items[index];
+      this.items[index] = this.items[parent];
+      this.items[parent] = temp;
+      this.percolate(parent);
+    }
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.heapify = function (index) {
+    +index || (index = 0);
+    if (index >= this.length || index < 0) { return; }
+    var left = 2 * index + 1,
+        right = 2 * index + 2,
+        first = index;
+    if (left < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(left, first)) {
+      first = left;
+    }
+    if (right < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(right, first)) {
+      first = right;
+    }
+    if (first !== index) {
+      var temp = this.items[index];
+      this.items[index] = this.items[first];
+      this.items[first] = temp;
+      this.heapify(first);
+    }
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.peek = function () { return this.items[0].value; };
+
+  priorityProto.removeAt = function (index) {
+    this.items[index] = this.items[--this.length];
+    delete this.items[this.length];
+    this.heapify();
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.dequeue = function () {
+    var result = this.peek();
+    this.removeAt(0);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.enqueue = function (item) {
+    var index = this.length++;
+    this.items[index] = new IndexedItem(PriorityQueue.count++, item);
+    this.percolate(index);
+  };
+
+  priorityProto.remove = function (item) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+      if (this.items[i].value === item) {
+        this.removeAt(i);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
   PriorityQueue.count = 0;
+
   /**
    * Represents a group of disposable resources that are disposed together.
    * @constructor
@@ -650,7 +651,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Adds a disposable to the CompositeDisposable or disposes the disposable if the CompositeDisposable is disposed.
    * @param {Mixed} item Disposable to add.
-   */    
+   */
   CompositeDisposablePrototype.add = function (item) {
     if (this.isDisposed) {
       item.dispose();
@@ -680,7 +681,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   };
 
   /**
-   *  Disposes all disposables in the group and removes them from the group.  
+   *  Disposes all disposables in the group and removes them from the group.
    */
   CompositeDisposablePrototype.dispose = function () {
     if (!this.isDisposed) {
@@ -698,15 +699,15 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Converts the existing CompositeDisposable to an array of disposables
    * @returns {Array} An array of disposable objects.
-   */  
+   */
   CompositeDisposablePrototype.toArray = function () {
     return this.disposables.slice(0);
   };
-  
+
   /**
    * Provides a set of static methods for creating Disposables.
    *
-   * @constructor 
+   * @constructor
    * @param {Function} dispose Action to run during the first call to dispose. The action is guaranteed to be run at most once.
    */
   var Disposable = Rx.Disposable = function (action) {
@@ -714,7 +715,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     this.action = action || noop;
   };
 
-  /** Performs the task of cleaning up resources. */     
+  /** Performs the task of cleaning up resources. */
   Disposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
     if (!this.isDisposed) {
       this.action();
@@ -729,8 +730,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    */
   var disposableCreate = Disposable.create = function (action) { return new Disposable(action); };
 
-  /** 
-   * Gets the disposable that does nothing when disposed. 
+  /**
+   * Gets the disposable that does nothing when disposed.
    */
   var disposableEmpty = Disposable.empty = { dispose: noop };
 
@@ -753,7 +754,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     /**
      * Sets the underlying disposable.
      * @param {Disposable} value The new underlying disposable.
-     */  
+     */
     booleanDisposablePrototype.setDisposable = function (value) {
       var shouldDispose = this.isDisposed, old;
       if (!shouldDispose) {
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       shouldDispose && value && value.dispose();
     };
 
-    /** 
+    /**
      * Disposes the underlying disposable as well as all future replacements.
      */
     booleanDisposablePrototype.dispose = function () {
@@ -780,9 +781,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     return BooleanDisposable;
   }());
   var SerialDisposable = Rx.SerialDisposable = SingleAssignmentDisposable;
+
     /**
      * Represents a disposable resource that only disposes its underlying disposable resource when all dependent disposable objects have been disposed.
-     */  
+     */
     var RefCountDisposable = Rx.RefCountDisposable = (function () {
 
         function InnerDisposable(disposable) {
@@ -816,8 +818,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             this.count = 0;
         }
 
-        /** 
-         * Disposes the underlying disposable only when all dependent disposables have been disposed 
+        /**
+         * Disposes the underlying disposable only when all dependent disposables have been disposed
          */
         RefCountDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
             if (!this.isDisposed) {
@@ -832,9 +834,9 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         };
 
         /**
-         * Returns a dependent disposable that when disposed decreases the refcount on the underlying disposable.      
+         * Returns a dependent disposable that when disposed decreases the refcount on the underlying disposable.
          * @returns {Disposable} A dependent disposable contributing to the reference count that manages the underlying disposable's lifetime.
-         */        
+         */
         RefCountDisposable.prototype.getDisposable = function () {
             return this.isDisposed ? disposableEmpty : new InnerDisposable(this);
         };
@@ -842,46 +844,46 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         return RefCountDisposable;
     })();
 
-    function ScheduledDisposable(scheduler, disposable) {
-        this.scheduler = scheduler;
-        this.disposable = disposable;
-        this.isDisposed = false;
-    }
-
-    ScheduledDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
-        var parent = this;
-        this.scheduler.schedule(function () {
-            if (!parent.isDisposed) {
-                parent.isDisposed = true;
-                parent.disposable.dispose();
-            }
-        });
-    };
-
-    var ScheduledItem = Rx.internals.ScheduledItem = function (scheduler, state, action, dueTime, comparer) {
-        this.scheduler = scheduler;
-        this.state = state;
-        this.action = action;
-        this.dueTime = dueTime;
-        this.comparer = comparer || defaultSubComparer;
-        this.disposable = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
-    }
-
-    ScheduledItem.prototype.invoke = function () {
-        this.disposable.setDisposable(this.invokeCore());
-    };
-
-    ScheduledItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
-        return this.comparer(this.dueTime, other.dueTime);
-    };
-
-    ScheduledItem.prototype.isCancelled = function () {
-        return this.disposable.isDisposed;
-    };
-
-    ScheduledItem.prototype.invokeCore = function () {
-        return this.action(this.scheduler, this.state);
-    };
+    function ScheduledDisposable(scheduler, disposable) {
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        this.disposable = disposable;
+        this.isDisposed = false;
+    }
+
+    ScheduledDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
+        var parent = this;
+        this.scheduler.schedule(function () {
+            if (!parent.isDisposed) {
+                parent.isDisposed = true;
+                parent.disposable.dispose();
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    var ScheduledItem = Rx.internals.ScheduledItem = function (scheduler, state, action, dueTime, comparer) {
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        this.state = state;
+        this.action = action;
+        this.dueTime = dueTime;
+        this.comparer = comparer || defaultSubComparer;
+        this.disposable = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
+    }
+
+    ScheduledItem.prototype.invoke = function () {
+        this.disposable.setDisposable(this.invokeCore());
+    };
+
+    ScheduledItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
+        return this.comparer(this.dueTime, other.dueTime);
+    };
+
+    ScheduledItem.prototype.isCancelled = function () {
+        return this.disposable.isDisposed;
+    };
+
+    ScheduledItem.prototype.invokeCore = function () {
+        return this.action(this.scheduler, this.state);
+    };
 
   /** Provides a set of static properties to access commonly used schedulers. */
   var Scheduler = Rx.Scheduler = (function () {
@@ -949,7 +951,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     var schedulerProto = Scheduler.prototype;
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed.        
+     * Schedules an action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
      */
@@ -958,7 +960,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed.    
+     * Schedules an action to be executed.
      * @param state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -968,7 +970,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed after the specified relative due time.       
+     * Schedules an action to be executed after the specified relative due time.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
      * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -978,7 +980,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed after dueTime.     
+     * Schedules an action to be executed after dueTime.
      * @param state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
      * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
@@ -989,7 +991,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed at the specified absolute due time.    
+     * Schedules an action to be executed at the specified absolute due time.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
      * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.     
+     * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.
      * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
      * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
@@ -1016,7 +1018,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
      * Normalizes the specified TimeSpan value to a positive value.
      * @param {Number} timeSpan The time span value to normalize.
      * @returns {Number} The specified TimeSpan value if it is zero or positive; otherwise, 0
-     */   
+     */
     Scheduler.normalize = function (timeSpan) {
       timeSpan < 0 && (timeSpan = 0);
       return timeSpan;
@@ -1026,7 +1028,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   }());
 
   var normalizeTime = Scheduler.normalize;
-  
+
   (function (schedulerProto) {
     function invokeRecImmediate(scheduler, pair) {
       var state = pair.first, action = pair.second, group = new CompositeDisposable(),
@@ -1091,7 +1093,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively.     
+     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively.
      * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in recursive invocation state.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -1101,7 +1103,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.     
+     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action at the specified relative time.
      * @param {Number}dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action for the first time.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -1111,7 +1113,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.  
+     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.
      * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in the recursive due time and invocation state.
      * @param {Number}dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action for the first time.
@@ -1124,7 +1126,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.    
+     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action at the specified absolute time.
      * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action for the first time.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
@@ -1134,7 +1136,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.     
+     * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.
      * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
      * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in the recursive due time and invocation state.
      * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action for the first time.
@@ -1144,23 +1146,23 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return this._scheduleAbsolute({ first: state, second: action }, dueTime, function (s, p) {
         return invokeRecDate(s, p, 'scheduleWithAbsoluteAndState');
       });
-    };  
+    };
   }(Scheduler.prototype));
 
   (function (schedulerProto) {
 
     /**
-     * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.       
+     * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.
      * @param {Number} period Period for running the work periodically.
      * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
      * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled recurring action (best effort).
-     */        
+     */
     Scheduler.prototype.schedulePeriodic = function (period, action) {
       return this.schedulePeriodicWithState(null, period, action);
     };
 
     /**
-     * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.       
+     * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.
      * @param {Mixed} state Initial state passed to the action upon the first iteration.
      * @param {Number} period Period for running the work periodically.
      * @param {Function} action Action to be executed, potentially updating the state.
@@ -1169,7 +1171,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     Scheduler.prototype.schedulePeriodicWithState = function(state, period, action) {
       if (typeof root.setInterval === 'undefined') { throw new Error('Periodic scheduling not supported.'); }
       var s = state;
-  
+
       var id = root.setInterval(function () {
         s = action(s);
       }, period);
@@ -1180,68 +1182,68 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     };
 
   }(Scheduler.prototype));
-  
+
   (function (schedulerProto) {
     /**
-     * Returns a scheduler that wraps the original scheduler, adding exception handling for scheduled actions.       
+     * Returns a scheduler that wraps the original scheduler, adding exception handling for scheduled actions.
      * @param {Function} handler Handler that's run if an exception is caught. The exception will be rethrown if the handler returns false.
      * @returns {Scheduler} Wrapper around the original scheduler, enforcing exception handling.
-     */        
+     */
     schedulerProto.catchError = schedulerProto['catch'] = function (handler) {
       return new CatchScheduler(this, handler);
     };
-  }(Scheduler.prototype)); 
-
-    var SchedulePeriodicRecursive = Rx.internals.SchedulePeriodicRecursive = (function () {
-        function tick(command, recurse) {
-            recurse(0, this._period);
-            try {
-                this._state = this._action(this._state);
-            } catch (e) {
-                this._cancel.dispose();
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        function SchedulePeriodicRecursive(scheduler, state, period, action) {
-            this._scheduler = scheduler;
-            this._state = state;
-            this._period = period;
-            this._action = action;
-        }
-
-        SchedulePeriodicRecursive.prototype.start = function () {
-            var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
-            this._cancel = d;
-            d.setDisposable(this._scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithRelativeAndState(0, this._period, tick.bind(this)));
-
-            return d;
-        };
-
-        return SchedulePeriodicRecursive;
-    }());
-
-  /**
-   * Gets a scheduler that schedules work immediately on the current thread.
-   */    
-  var immediateScheduler = Scheduler.immediate = (function () {
-
-    function scheduleNow(state, action) { return action(this, state); }
-
-    function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
-      var dt = normalizeTime(dt);
-      while (dt - this.now() > 0) { }
-      return action(this, state);
-    }
-
-    function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
-      return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime - this.now(), action);
-    }
-
-    return new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
-  }());
-
-  /** 
+  }(Scheduler.prototype));
+
+    var SchedulePeriodicRecursive = Rx.internals.SchedulePeriodicRecursive = (function () {
+        function tick(command, recurse) {
+            recurse(0, this._period);
+            try {
+                this._state = this._action(this._state);
+            } catch (e) {
+                this._cancel.dispose();
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        function SchedulePeriodicRecursive(scheduler, state, period, action) {
+            this._scheduler = scheduler;
+            this._state = state;
+            this._period = period;
+            this._action = action;
+        }
+
+        SchedulePeriodicRecursive.prototype.start = function () {
+            var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
+            this._cancel = d;
+            d.setDisposable(this._scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithRelativeAndState(0, this._period, tick.bind(this)));
+
+            return d;
+        };
+
+        return SchedulePeriodicRecursive;
+    }());
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a scheduler that schedules work immediately on the current thread.
+   */
+  var immediateScheduler = Scheduler.immediate = (function () {
+
+    function scheduleNow(state, action) { return action(this, state); }
+
+    function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
+      var dt = normalizeTime(dt);
+      while (dt - this.now() > 0) { }
+      return action(this, state);
+    }
+
+    function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
+      return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime - this.now(), action);
+    }
+
+    return new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
+  }());
+
+  /**
    * Gets a scheduler that schedules work as soon as possible on the current thread.
    */
   var currentThreadScheduler = Scheduler.currentThread = (function () {
@@ -1275,7 +1277,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         queue.enqueue(si);
         try {
           runTrampoline(queue);
-        } catch (e) { 
+        } catch (e) {
           throw e;
         } finally {
           queue = null;
@@ -1291,7 +1293,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     }
 
     var currentScheduler = new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
-    
+
     currentScheduler.scheduleRequired = function () { return !queue; };
     currentScheduler.ensureTrampoline = function (action) {
       if (!queue) { this.schedule(action); } else { action(); }
@@ -1319,11 +1321,11 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       setTimeout: localSetTimeout,
       clearTimeout: localClearTimeout
     };
-  }());   
+  }());
   var localSetTimeout = localTimer.setTimeout,
     localClearTimeout = localTimer.clearTimeout;
 
-  (function () {   
+  (function () {
 
     var reNative = RegExp('^' +
       String(toString)
@@ -1339,7 +1341,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     function postMessageSupported () {
       // Ensure not in a worker
       if (!root.postMessage || root.importScripts) { return false; }
-      var isAsync = false, 
+      var isAsync = false,
           oldHandler = root.onmessage;
       // Test for async
       root.onmessage = function () { isAsync = true; };
@@ -1396,19 +1398,19 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       scheduleMethod = function (action) {
         var id = channelTaskId++;
         channelTasks[id] = action;
-        channel.port2.postMessage(id);     
+        channel.port2.postMessage(id);
       };
     } else if ('document' in root && 'onreadystatechange' in root.document.createElement('script')) {
-        
+
       scheduleMethod = function (action) {
         var scriptElement = root.document.createElement('script');
-        scriptElement.onreadystatechange = function () { 
+        scriptElement.onreadystatechange = function () {
           action();
           scriptElement.onreadystatechange = null;
           scriptElement.parentNode.removeChild(scriptElement);
-          scriptElement = null;  
+          scriptElement = null;
         };
-        root.document.documentElement.appendChild(scriptElement);  
+        root.document.documentElement.appendChild(scriptElement);
       };
 
     } else {
@@ -1417,7 +1419,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     }
   }());
 
-  /** 
+  /**
    * Gets a scheduler that schedules work via a timed callback based upon platform.
    */
   var timeoutScheduler = Scheduler.timeout = (function () {
@@ -1545,14 +1547,14 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *  Represents a notification to an observer.
    */
   var Notification = Rx.Notification = (function () {
-    function Notification(kind, hasValue) { 
+    function Notification(kind, hasValue) {
       this.hasValue = hasValue == null ? false : hasValue;
       this.kind = kind;
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes the delegate corresponding to the notification or the observer's method corresponding to the notification and returns the produced result.
-     * 
+     *
      * @memberOf Notification
      * @param {Any} observerOrOnNext Delegate to invoke for an OnNext notification or Observer to invoke the notification on..
      * @param {Function} onError Delegate to invoke for an OnError notification.
@@ -1567,7 +1569,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
     /**
      * Returns an observable sequence with a single notification.
-     * 
+     *
      * @memberOf Notifications
      * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to send out the notification calls on.
      * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that surfaces the behavior of the notification upon subscription.
@@ -1647,150 +1649,150 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       };
   }());
 
-  var Enumerator = Rx.internals.Enumerator = function (next) {
-    this._next = next;
-  };
-
-  Enumerator.prototype.next = function () {
-    return this._next();
-  };
-
-  Enumerator.prototype[$iterator$] = function () { return this; }
-
-  var Enumerable = Rx.internals.Enumerable = function (iterator) {
-    this._iterator = iterator;
-  };
-
-  Enumerable.prototype[$iterator$] = function () {
-    return this._iterator();
-  };
-
-  Enumerable.prototype.concat = function () {
-    var sources = this;
-    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-      var e;
-      try {
-        e = sources[$iterator$]();
-      } catch(err) {
-        observer.onError();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      var isDisposed, 
-        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
-      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
-        var currentItem;
-        if (isDisposed) { return; }
-
-        try {
-          currentItem = e.next();
-        } catch (ex) {
-          observer.onError(ex);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        if (currentItem.done) {
-          observer.onCompleted();
-          return;
-        }
-
-        // Check if promise
-        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
-        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));
-
-        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
-        subscription.setDisposable(d);
-        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
-          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
-          observer.onError.bind(observer),
-          function () { self(); })
-        );
-      });
-
-      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
-        isDisposed = true;
-      }));
-    });
-  };
-
-  Enumerable.prototype.catchException = function () {
-    var sources = this;
-    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-      var e;
-      try {
-        e = sources[$iterator$]();
-      } catch(err) {
-        observer.onError();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      var isDisposed, 
-        lastException,
-        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
-      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
-        if (isDisposed) { return; }
-
-        var currentItem;
-        try {
-          currentItem = e.next();
-        } catch (ex) {
-          observer.onError(ex);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        if (currentItem.done) {
-          if (lastException) {
-            observer.onError(lastException);
-          } else {
-            observer.onCompleted();
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-
-        // Check if promise
-        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
-        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));        
-
-        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
-        subscription.setDisposable(d);
-        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
-          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
-          function (exn) {
-            lastException = exn;
-            self();
-          },
-          observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
-      });
-      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
-        isDisposed = true;
-      }));
-    });
-  };
-
-  var enumerableRepeat = Enumerable.repeat = function (value, repeatCount) {
-    if (repeatCount == null) { repeatCount = -1; }
-    return new Enumerable(function () {
-      var left = repeatCount;
-      return new Enumerator(function () {
-        if (left === 0) { return doneEnumerator; }
-        if (left > 0) { left--; }
-        return { done: false, value: value };
-      });
-    });
-  };
-
-  var enumerableFor = Enumerable.forEach = function (source, selector, thisArg) {
-    selector || (selector = identity);
-    return new Enumerable(function () {
-      var index = -1;
-      return new Enumerator(
-        function () {
-          return ++index < source.length ?
-            { done: false, value: selector.call(thisArg, source[index], index, source) } :
-            doneEnumerator;
-        });
-    });
-  };
+  var Enumerator = Rx.internals.Enumerator = function (next) {
+    this._next = next;
+  };
+
+  Enumerator.prototype.next = function () {
+    return this._next();
+  };
+
+  Enumerator.prototype[$iterator$] = function () { return this; }
+
+  var Enumerable = Rx.internals.Enumerable = function (iterator) {
+    this._iterator = iterator;
+  };
+
+  Enumerable.prototype[$iterator$] = function () {
+    return this._iterator();
+  };
+
+  Enumerable.prototype.concat = function () {
+    var sources = this;
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      var e;
+      try {
+        e = sources[$iterator$]();
+      } catch(err) {
+        observer.onError();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      var isDisposed,
+        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
+      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
+        var currentItem;
+        if (isDisposed) { return; }
+
+        try {
+          currentItem = e.next();
+        } catch (ex) {
+          observer.onError(ex);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (currentItem.done) {
+          observer.onCompleted();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if promise
+        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
+        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));
+
+        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
+        subscription.setDisposable(d);
+        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
+          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
+          observer.onError.bind(observer),
+          function () { self(); })
+        );
+      });
+
+      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
+        isDisposed = true;
+      }));
+    });
+  };
+
+  Enumerable.prototype.catchException = function () {
+    var sources = this;
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      var e;
+      try {
+        e = sources[$iterator$]();
+      } catch(err) {
+        observer.onError();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      var isDisposed,
+        lastException,
+        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
+      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
+        if (isDisposed) { return; }
+
+        var currentItem;
+        try {
+          currentItem = e.next();
+        } catch (ex) {
+          observer.onError(ex);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (currentItem.done) {
+          if (lastException) {
+            observer.onError(lastException);
+          } else {
+            observer.onCompleted();
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if promise
+        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
+        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));
+
+        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
+        subscription.setDisposable(d);
+        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
+          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
+          function (exn) {
+            lastException = exn;
+            self();
+          },
+          observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
+      });
+      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
+        isDisposed = true;
+      }));
+    });
+  };
+
+  var enumerableRepeat = Enumerable.repeat = function (value, repeatCount) {
+    if (repeatCount == null) { repeatCount = -1; }
+    return new Enumerable(function () {
+      var left = repeatCount;
+      return new Enumerator(function () {
+        if (left === 0) { return doneEnumerator; }
+        if (left > 0) { left--; }
+        return { done: false, value: value };
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  var enumerableOf = Enumerable.of = function (source, selector, thisArg) {
+    selector || (selector = identity);
+    return new Enumerable(function () {
+      var index = -1;
+      return new Enumerator(
+        function () {
+          return ++index < source.length ?
+            { done: false, value: selector.call(thisArg, source[index], index, source) } :
+            doneEnumerator;
+        });
+    });
+  };
 
   /**
    * Supports push-style iteration over an observable sequence.
@@ -1799,22 +1801,17 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Creates a notification callback from an observer.
-   *  
-   * @param observer Observer object.
    * @returns The action that forwards its input notification to the underlying observer.
    */
   Observer.prototype.toNotifier = function () {
     var observer = this;
-    return function (n) {
-      return n.accept(observer);
-    };
+    return function (n) { return n.accept(observer); };
   };
 
   /**
    *  Hides the identity of an observer.
-
-   * @returns An observer that hides the identity of the specified observer. 
-   */   
+   * @returns An observer that hides the identity of the specified observer.
+   */
   Observer.prototype.asObserver = function () {
     return new AnonymousObserver(this.onNext.bind(this), this.onError.bind(this), this.onCompleted.bind(this));
   };
@@ -1822,16 +1819,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Checks access to the observer for grammar violations. This includes checking for multiple OnError or OnCompleted calls, as well as reentrancy in any of the observer methods.
    *  If a violation is detected, an Error is thrown from the offending observer method call.
-   *  
    * @returns An observer that checks callbacks invocations against the observer grammar and, if the checks pass, forwards those to the specified observer.
-   */    
+   */
   Observer.prototype.checked = function () { return new CheckedObserver(this); };
 
   /**
    *  Creates an observer from the specified OnNext, along with optional OnError, and OnCompleted actions.
-   *  
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf Observer
    * @param {Function} [onNext] Observer's OnNext action implementation.
    * @param {Function} [onError] Observer's OnError action implementation.
    * @param {Function} [onCompleted] Observer's OnCompleted action implementation.
@@ -1846,19 +1839,19 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Creates an observer from a notification callback.
-   *  
+   *
    * @static
    * @memberOf Observer
    * @param {Function} handler Action that handles a notification.
    * @returns The observer object that invokes the specified handler using a notification corresponding to each message it receives.
    */
-  Observer.fromNotifier = function (handler) {
+  Observer.fromNotifier = function (handler, thisArg) {
     return new AnonymousObserver(function (x) {
-      return handler(notificationCreateOnNext(x));
-    }, function (exception) {
-      return handler(notificationCreateOnError(exception));
+      return handler.call(thisArg, notificationCreateOnNext(x));
+    }, function (e) {
+      return handler.call(thisArg, notificationCreateOnError(e));
     }, function () {
-      return handler(notificationCreateOnCompleted());
+      return handler.call(thisArg, notificationCreateOnCompleted());
     });
   };
 
@@ -1870,117 +1863,109 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   Observer.notifyOn = function (scheduler) {
     return new ObserveOnObserver(scheduler, this);
   };
-  
-    /**
-     * Abstract base class for implementations of the Observer class.
-     * This base class enforces the grammar of observers where OnError and OnCompleted are terminal messages. 
-     */
-    var AbstractObserver = Rx.internals.AbstractObserver = (function (_super) {
-        inherits(AbstractObserver, _super);
-
-        /**
-         * Creates a new observer in a non-stopped state.
-         *
-         * @constructor
-         */
-        function AbstractObserver() {
-            this.isStopped = false;
-            _super.call(this);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Notifies the observer of a new element in the sequence.
-         *  
-         * @memberOf AbstractObserver
-         * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence. 
-         */
-        AbstractObserver.prototype.onNext = function (value) {
-            if (!this.isStopped) {
-                this.next(value);
-            }
-        };
-
-        /**
-         * Notifies the observer that an exception has occurred.
-         * 
-         * @memberOf AbstractObserver
-         * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.     
-         */    
-        AbstractObserver.prototype.onError = function (error) {
-            if (!this.isStopped) {
-                this.isStopped = true;
-                this.error(error);
-            }
-        };
-
-        /**
-         * Notifies the observer of the end of the sequence.
-         */    
-        AbstractObserver.prototype.onCompleted = function () {
-            if (!this.isStopped) {
-                this.isStopped = true;
-                this.completed();
-            }
-        };
-
-        /**
-         * Disposes the observer, causing it to transition to the stopped state.
-         */
-        AbstractObserver.prototype.dispose = function () {
-            this.isStopped = true;
-        };
-
-        AbstractObserver.prototype.fail = function (e) {
-            if (!this.isStopped) {
-                this.isStopped = true;
-                this.error(e);
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        return AbstractObserver;
-    }(Observer));
 
   /**
-   * Class to create an Observer instance from delegate-based implementations of the on* methods.
+   * Abstract base class for implementations of the Observer class.
+   * This base class enforces the grammar of observers where OnError and OnCompleted are terminal messages.
    */
-  var AnonymousObserver = Rx.AnonymousObserver = (function (_super) {
-    inherits(AnonymousObserver, _super);
+  var AbstractObserver = Rx.internals.AbstractObserver = (function (__super__) {
+    inherits(AbstractObserver, __super__);
 
     /**
-     * Creates an observer from the specified OnNext, OnError, and OnCompleted actions.
-     * @param {Any} onNext Observer's OnNext action implementation.
-     * @param {Any} onError Observer's OnError action implementation.
-     * @param {Any} onCompleted Observer's OnCompleted action implementation.  
-     */      
-    function AnonymousObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
-      _super.call(this);
-      this._onNext = onNext;
-      this._onError = onError;
-      this._onCompleted = onCompleted;
+     * Creates a new observer in a non-stopped state.
+     */
+    function AbstractObserver() {
+      this.isStopped = false;
+      __super__.call(this);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Calls the onNext action.
-     * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence.   
-     */     
-    AnonymousObserver.prototype.next = function (value) {
-      this._onNext(value);
+     * Notifies the observer of a new element in the sequence.
+     * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence.
+     */
+    AbstractObserver.prototype.onNext = function (value) {
+      if (!this.isStopped) { this.next(value); }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies the observer that an exception has occurred.
+     * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.
+     */
+    AbstractObserver.prototype.onError = function (error) {
+      if (!this.isStopped) {
+        this.isStopped = true;
+        this.error(error);
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies the observer of the end of the sequence.
+     */
+    AbstractObserver.prototype.onCompleted = function () {
+      if (!this.isStopped) {
+        this.isStopped = true;
+        this.completed();
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Disposes the observer, causing it to transition to the stopped state.
+     */
+    AbstractObserver.prototype.dispose = function () {
+      this.isStopped = true;
+    };
+
+    AbstractObserver.prototype.fail = function (e) {
+      if (!this.isStopped) {
+        this.isStopped = true;
+        this.error(e);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return AbstractObserver;
+  }(Observer));
+
+  /**
+   * Class to create an Observer instance from delegate-based implementations of the on* methods.
+   */
+  var AnonymousObserver = Rx.AnonymousObserver = (function (__super__) {
+    inherits(AnonymousObserver, __super__);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an observer from the specified OnNext, OnError, and OnCompleted actions.
+     * @param {Any} onNext Observer's OnNext action implementation.
+     * @param {Any} onError Observer's OnError action implementation.
+     * @param {Any} onCompleted Observer's OnCompleted action implementation.
+     */
+    function AnonymousObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
+      __super__.call(this);
+      this._onNext = onNext;
+      this._onError = onError;
+      this._onCompleted = onCompleted;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls the onNext action.
+     * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence.
+     */
+    AnonymousObserver.prototype.next = function (value) {
+      this._onNext(value);
     };
 
     /**
      * Calls the onError action.
-     * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.   
-     */     
-    AnonymousObserver.prototype.error = function (exception) {
-      this._onError(exception);
+     * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.
+     */
+    AnonymousObserver.prototype.error = function (error) {
+      this._onError(error);
     };
 
     /**
      *  Calls the onCompleted action.
-     */        
+     */
     AnonymousObserver.prototype.completed = function () {
       this._onCompleted();
     };
@@ -2003,8 +1988,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             this.checkAccess();
             try {
                 this._observer.onNext(value);
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 this._state = 0;
             }
@@ -2014,8 +1999,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             this.checkAccess();
             try {
                 this._observer.onError(err);
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 this._state = 2;
             }
@@ -2025,8 +2010,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             this.checkAccess();
             try {
                 this._observer.onCompleted();
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 this._state = 2;
             }
@@ -2150,24 +2135,45 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
     /**
      *  Subscribes an observer to the observable sequence.
-     *  
-     * @example
-     *  1 - source.subscribe();
-     *  2 - source.subscribe(observer);
-     *  3 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); });
-     *  4 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); }, function (err) { console.log(err); });
-     *  5 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); }, function (err) { console.log(err); }, function () { console.log('done'); });
      *  @param {Mixed} [observerOrOnNext] The object that is to receive notifications or an action to invoke for each element in the observable sequence.
      *  @param {Function} [onError] Action to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
      *  @param {Function} [onCompleted] Action to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence.
-     *  @returns {Diposable} The source sequence whose subscriptions and unsubscriptions happen on the specified scheduler. 
+     *  @returns {Diposable} A disposable handling the subscriptions and unsubscriptions.
      */
     observableProto.subscribe = observableProto.forEach = function (observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted) {
-      var subscriber = typeof observerOrOnNext === 'object' ?
+      return this._subscribe(typeof observerOrOnNext === 'object' ?
         observerOrOnNext :
-        observerCreate(observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted);
+        observerCreate(observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted));
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Subscribes to the next value in the sequence with an optional "this" argument.
+     * @param {Function} onNext The function to invoke on each element in the observable sequence.
+     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+     * @returns {Disposable} A disposable handling the subscriptions and unsubscriptions.
+     */
+    observableProto.subscribeOnNext = function (onNext, thisArg) {
+      return this._subscribe(observerCreate(arguments.length === 2 ? function(x) { onNext.call(thisArg, x); } : onNext));
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Subscribes to an exceptional condition in the sequence with an optional "this" argument.
+     * @param {Function} onError The function to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
+     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+     * @returns {Disposable} A disposable handling the subscriptions and unsubscriptions.
+     */
+    observableProto.subscribeOnError = function (onError, thisArg) {
+      return this._subscribe(observerCreate(null, arguments.length === 2 ? function(e) { onError.call(thisArg, e); } : onError));
+    };
 
-      return this._subscribe(subscriber);
+    /**
+     * Subscribes to the next value in the sequence with an optional "this" argument.
+     * @param {Function} onCompleted The function to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence.
+     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+     * @returns {Disposable} A disposable handling the subscriptions and unsubscriptions.
+     */
+    observableProto.subscribeOnCompleted = function (onCompleted, thisArg) {
+      return this._subscribe(observerCreate(null, null, arguments.length === 2 ? function() { onCompleted.call(thisArg); } : onCompleted));
     };
 
     return Observable;
@@ -2175,12 +2181,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
    /**
    *  Wraps the source sequence in order to run its observer callbacks on the specified scheduler.
-   * 
+   *
    *  This only invokes observer callbacks on a scheduler. In case the subscription and/or unsubscription actions have side-effects
    *  that require to be run on a scheduler, use subscribeOn.
-   *          
+   *
    *  @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to notify observers on.
-   *  @returns {Observable} The source sequence whose observations happen on the specified scheduler.     
+   *  @returns {Observable} The source sequence whose observations happen on the specified scheduler.
    */
   observableProto.observeOn = function (scheduler) {
     var source = this;
@@ -2232,11 +2238,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return subject;
     });
   };
+
   /*
    * Converts an existing observable sequence to an ES6 Compatible Promise
    * @example
    * var promise = Rx.Observable.return(42).toPromise(RSVP.Promise);
-   * 
+   *
    * // With config
    * Rx.config.Promise = RSVP.Promise;
    * var promise = Rx.Observable.return(42).toPromise();
@@ -2258,9 +2265,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       });
     });
   };
+
   /**
    * Creates a list from an observable sequence.
-   * @returns An observable sequence containing a single element with a list containing all the elements of the source sequence.  
+   * @returns An observable sequence containing a single element with a list containing all the elements of the source sequence.
    */
   observableProto.toArray = function () {
     var self = this;
@@ -2278,12 +2286,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Creates an observable sequence from a specified subscribe method implementation.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { return function () { } );
-   *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { return Rx.Disposable.empty; } ); 
-   *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { } ); 
-   *  
+   *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { return Rx.Disposable.empty; } );
+   *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { } );
+   *
    * @param {Function} subscribe Implementation of the resulting observable sequence's subscribe method, returning a function that will be wrapped in a Disposable.
    * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence with the specified implementation for the Subscribe method.
    */
@@ -2293,9 +2301,9 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Returns an observable sequence that invokes the specified factory function whenever a new observer subscribes.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
-   *  var res = Rx.Observable.defer(function () { return Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]); });    
+   *  var res = Rx.Observable.defer(function () { return Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]); });
    * @param {Function} observableFactory Observable factory function to invoke for each observer that subscribes to the resulting sequence or Promise.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose observers trigger an invocation of the given observable factory function.
    */
@@ -2314,10 +2322,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Returns an empty observable sequence, using the specified scheduler to send out the single OnCompleted message.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
-   *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty();  
-   *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty(Rx.Scheduler.timeout);  
+   *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty();
+   *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty(Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
    * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to send the termination call on.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with no elements.
    */
@@ -2355,7 +2363,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     var len = +o.length;
     if (isNaN(len)) { return 0; }
     if (len === 0 || !numberIsFinite(len)) { return len; }
-    len = sign(len) * Math.floor(Math.abs(len));        
+    len = sign(len) * Math.floor(Math.abs(len));
     if (len <= 0) { return 0; }
     if (len > maxSafeInteger) { return maxSafeInteger; }
     return len;
@@ -2407,7 +2415,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             } catch (e) {
               observer.onError(e);
               return;
-            }            
+            }
           }
 
           observer.onNext(result);
@@ -2419,9 +2427,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       });
     });
   };
+
   /**
    *  Converts an array to an observable sequence, using an optional scheduler to enumerate the array.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]);
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3], Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
@@ -2445,7 +2454,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Generates an observable sequence by running a state-driven loop producing the sequence's elements, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.generate(0, function (x) { return x < 10; }, function (x) { return x + 1; }, function (x) { return x; });
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.generate(0, function (x) { return x < 10; }, function (x) { return x + 1; }, function (x) { return x; }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
@@ -2509,7 +2518,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   };
 
   /**
-   *  This method creates a new Observable instance with a variable number of arguments, regardless of number or type of the arguments. 
+   *  This method creates a new Observable instance with a variable number of arguments, regardless of number or type of the arguments.
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.of(1,2,3);
    * @param {Scheduler} scheduler A scheduler to use for scheduling the arguments.
@@ -2523,7 +2532,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Generates an observable sequence of integral numbers within a specified range, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.range(0, 10);
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.range(0, 10, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
@@ -2548,7 +2557,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Generates an observable sequence that repeats the given element the specified number of times, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42);
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42, 4);
@@ -2567,7 +2576,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Returns an observable sequence that contains a single element, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
    *  There is an alias called 'just', and 'returnValue' for browsers <IE9.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.return(42);
    *  var res = Rx.Observable.return(42, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
@@ -2625,7 +2634,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    * Propagates the observable sequence or Promise that reacts first.
    * @param {Observable} rightSource Second observable sequence or Promise.
    * @returns {Observable} {Observable} An observable sequence that surfaces either of the given sequences, whichever reacted first.
-   */  
+   */
   observableProto.amb = function (rightSource) {
     var leftSource = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -2694,7 +2703,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    * @example
    * var = Rx.Observable.amb(xs, ys, zs);
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that surfaces any of the given sequences, whichever reacted first.
-   */  
+   */
   Observable.amb = function () {
     var acc = observableNever(),
       items = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
@@ -2725,7 +2734,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         subscription.setDisposable(d);
         d.setDisposable(result.subscribe(observer));
       }, observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
-      
+
       return subscription;
     });
   }
@@ -2737,25 +2746,21 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    * 2 - xs.catchException(function (ex) { return ys(ex); })
    * @param {Mixed} handlerOrSecond Exception handler function that returns an observable sequence given the error that occurred in the first sequence, or a second observable sequence used to produce results when an error occurred in the first sequence.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the first sequence's elements, followed by the elements of the handler sequence in case an exception occurred.
-   */      
-  observableProto['catch'] = observableProto.catchException = function (handlerOrSecond) {
+   */
+  observableProto['catch'] = observableProto.catchError = observableProto.catchException = function (handlerOrSecond) {
     return typeof handlerOrSecond === 'function' ?
       observableCatchHandler(this, handlerOrSecond) :
       observableCatch([this, handlerOrSecond]);
   };
 
-    /**
-     * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated by an exception with the next observable sequence.
-     * 
-     * @example
-     * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.catchException(xs, ys, zs);
-     * 2 - res = Rx.Observable.catchException([xs, ys, zs]);
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing elements from consecutive source sequences until a source sequence terminates successfully.
-     */
-    var observableCatch = Observable.catchException = Observable['catch'] = function () {
-        var items = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
-        return enumerableFor(items).catchException();
-    };
+  /**
+   * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated by an exception with the next observable sequence.
+   * @param {Array | Arguments} args Arguments or an array to use as the next sequence if an error occurs.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing elements from consecutive source sequences until a source sequence terminates successfully.
+   */
+  var observableCatch = Observable.catchException = Observable.catchError = Observable['catch'] = function () {
+    return enumerableOf(argsOrArray(arguments, 0)).catchException();
+  };
 
   /**
    * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever any of the observable sequences or Promises produces an element.
@@ -2764,7 +2769,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    * @example
    * 1 - obs = observable.combineLatest(obs1, obs2, obs3, function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
    * 2 - obs = observable.combineLatest([obs1, obs2, obs3], function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function. 
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
    */
   observableProto.combineLatest = function () {
     var args = slice.call(arguments);
@@ -2778,15 +2783,15 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever any of the observable sequences or Promises produces an element.
-   * 
+   *
    * @example
    * 1 - obs = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(obs1, obs2, obs3, function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
-   * 2 - obs = Rx.Observable.combineLatest([obs1, obs2, obs3], function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });     
+   * 2 - obs = Rx.Observable.combineLatest([obs1, obs2, obs3], function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
    */
   var combineLatest = Observable.combineLatest = function () {
     var args = slice.call(arguments), resultSelector = args.pop();
-    
+
     if (Array.isArray(args[0])) {
       args = args[0];
     }
@@ -2843,35 +2848,31 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
     /**
      * Concatenates all the observable sequences.  This takes in either an array or variable arguments to concatenate.
-     * 
+     *
      * @example
      * 1 - concatenated = xs.concat(ys, zs);
      * 2 - concatenated = xs.concat([ys, zs]);
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order. 
-     */ 
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order.
+     */
     observableProto.concat = function () {
         var items = slice.call(arguments, 0);
         items.unshift(this);
         return observableConcat.apply(this, items);
     };
 
-    /**
-     * Concatenates all the observable sequences.
-     * 
-     * @example
-     * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.concat(xs, ys, zs);
-     * 2 - res = Rx.Observable.concat([xs, ys, zs]);
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order. 
-     */
-    var observableConcat = Observable.concat = function () {
-        var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
-        return enumerableFor(sources).concat();
-    };  
+  /**
+   * Concatenates all the observable sequences.
+   * @param {Array | Arguments} args Arguments or an array to concat to the observable sequence.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order.
+   */
+  var observableConcat = Observable.concat = function () {
+    return enumerableOf(argsOrArray(arguments, 0)).concat();
+  };
 
     /**
      * Concatenates an observable sequence of observable sequences.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each observed inner sequence, in sequential order. 
-     */ 
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each observed inner sequence, in sequential order.
+     */
     observableProto.concatObservable = observableProto.concatAll =function () {
         return this.merge(1);
     };
@@ -2879,13 +2880,13 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Merges an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence, limiting the number of concurrent subscriptions to inner sequences.
    * Or merges two observable sequences into a single observable sequence.
-   * 
+   *
    * @example
    * 1 - merged = sources.merge(1);
-   * 2 - merged = source.merge(otherSource);  
+   * 2 - merged = source.merge(otherSource);
    * @param {Mixed} [maxConcurrentOrOther] Maximum number of inner observable sequences being subscribed to concurrently or the second observable sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences. 
-   */ 
+   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences.
+   */
   observableProto.merge = function (maxConcurrentOrOther) {
     if (typeof maxConcurrentOrOther !== 'number') { return observableMerge(this, maxConcurrentOrOther); }
     var sources = this;
@@ -2925,16 +2926,16 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   };
 
     /**
-     * Merges all the observable sequences into a single observable sequence.  
+     * Merges all the observable sequences into a single observable sequence.
      * The scheduler is optional and if not specified, the immediate scheduler is used.
-     * 
+     *
      * @example
      * 1 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(xs, ys, zs);
      * 2 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge([xs, ys, zs]);
      * 3 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(scheduler, xs, ys, zs);
-     * 4 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(scheduler, [xs, ys, zs]);    
-     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the observable sequences. 
-     */  
+     * 4 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(scheduler, [xs, ys, zs]);
+     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the observable sequences.
+     */
     var observableMerge = Observable.merge = function () {
         var scheduler, sources;
         if (!arguments[0]) {
@@ -2951,13 +2952,13 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             sources = sources[0];
         }
         return observableFromArray(sources, scheduler).mergeObservable();
-    };   
+    };
 
   /**
    * Merges an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences.   
-   */  
-  observableProto.mergeObservable = observableProto.mergeAll =function () {
+   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences.
+   */
+  observableProto.mergeObservable = observableProto.mergeAll = function () {
     var sources = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
       var group = new CompositeDisposable(),
@@ -2996,11 +2997,11 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated normally or by an exception with the next observable sequence.
-   * 
+   *
    * @example
    * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.onErrorResumeNext(xs, ys, zs);
    * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.onErrorResumeNext([xs, ys, zs]);
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that concatenates the source sequences, even if a sequence terminates exceptionally.   
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that concatenates the source sequences, even if a sequence terminates exceptionally.
    */
   var onErrorResumeNext = Observable.onErrorResumeNext = function () {
     var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
@@ -3025,7 +3026,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Returns the values from the source observable sequence only after the other observable sequence produces a value.
    * @param {Observable | Promise} other The observable sequence or Promise that triggers propagation of elements of the source sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence starting from the point the other sequence triggered propagation.    
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence starting from the point the other sequence triggered propagation.
    */
   observableProto.skipUntil = function (other) {
     var source = this;
@@ -3054,7 +3055,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    * Transforms an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence producing values only from the most recent observable sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that at any point in time produces the elements of the most recent inner observable sequence that has been received.  
+   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that at any point in time produces the elements of the most recent inner observable sequence that has been received.
    */
   observableProto['switch'] = observableProto.switchLatest = function () {
     var sources = this;
@@ -3073,16 +3074,16 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             isPromise(innerSource) && (innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource));
 
             d.setDisposable(innerSource.subscribe(
-              function (x) { latest === id && observer.onNext(x); }, 
-              function (e) { latest === id && observer.onError(e); }, 
+              function (x) { latest === id && observer.onNext(x); },
+              function (e) { latest === id && observer.onError(e); },
               function () {
                 if (latest === id) {
                   hasLatest = false;
                   isStopped && observer.onCompleted();
                 }
               }));
-          }, 
-          observer.onError.bind(observer), 
+          },
+          observer.onError.bind(observer),
           function () {
             isStopped = true;
             !hasLatest && observer.onCompleted();
@@ -3094,7 +3095,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Returns the values from the source observable sequence until the other observable sequence produces a value.
    * @param {Observable | Promise} other Observable sequence or Promise that terminates propagation of elements of the source sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence up to the point the other sequence interrupted further propagation.   
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence up to the point the other sequence interrupted further propagation.
    */
   observableProto.takeUntil = function (other) {
     var source = this;
@@ -3126,7 +3127,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         }
       }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
     });
-  }    
+  }
 
   /**
    * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever all of the observable sequences or an array have produced an element at a corresponding index.
@@ -3134,9 +3135,9 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *
    * @example
    * 1 - res = obs1.zip(obs2, fn);
-   * 1 - res = x1.zip([1,2,3], fn);  
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function. 
-   */   
+   * 1 - res = x1.zip([1,2,3], fn);
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
+   */
   observableProto.zip = function () {
     if (Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
       return zipArray.apply(this, arguments);
@@ -3147,7 +3148,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       var n = sources.length,
         queues = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return []; }),
         isDone = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return false; });
-        
+
       function next(i) {
         var res, queuedValues;
         if (queues.every(function (x) { return x.length > 0; })) {
@@ -3189,74 +3190,72 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
     });
   };
-    /**
-     * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever all of the observable sequences have produced an element at a corresponding index.
-     * @param arguments Observable sources.
-     * @param {Function} resultSelector Function to invoke for each series of elements at corresponding indexes in the sources.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
-     */
-    Observable.zip = function () {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments, 0),
-            first = args.shift();
-        return first.zip.apply(first, args);
-    };
 
-    /**
-     * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by emitting a list with the elements of the observable sequences at corresponding indexes.
-     * @param arguments Observable sources.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing lists of elements at corresponding indexes.
-     */
-    Observable.zipArray = function () {
-        var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
-        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-            var n = sources.length,
-              queues = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return []; }),
-              isDone = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return false; });
-
-            function next(i) {
-                if (queues.every(function (x) { return x.length > 0; })) {
-                    var res = queues.map(function (x) { return x.shift(); });
-                    observer.onNext(res);
-                } else if (isDone.filter(function (x, j) { return j !== i; }).every(identity)) {
-                    observer.onCompleted();
-                    return;
-                }
-            };
+  /**
+   * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever all of the observable sequences have produced an element at a corresponding index.
+   * @param arguments Observable sources.
+   * @param {Function} resultSelector Function to invoke for each series of elements at corresponding indexes in the sources.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
+   */
+  Observable.zip = function () {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 0), first = args.shift();
+    return first.zip.apply(first, args);
+  };
 
-            function done(i) {
-                isDone[i] = true;
-                if (isDone.every(identity)) {
-                    observer.onCompleted();
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
+  /**
+   * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by emitting a list with the elements of the observable sequences at corresponding indexes.
+   * @param arguments Observable sources.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing lists of elements at corresponding indexes.
+   */
+  Observable.zipArray = function () {
+    var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      var n = sources.length,
+        queues = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return []; }),
+        isDone = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return false; });
 
-            var subscriptions = new Array(n);
-            for (var idx = 0; idx < n; idx++) {
-                (function (i) {
-                    subscriptions[i] = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
-                    subscriptions[i].setDisposable(sources[i].subscribe(function (x) {
-                        queues[i].push(x);
-                        next(i);
-                    }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
-                        done(i);
-                    }));
-                })(idx);
-            }
+      function next(i) {
+        if (queues.every(function (x) { return x.length > 0; })) {
+          var res = queues.map(function (x) { return x.shift(); });
+          observer.onNext(res);
+        } else if (isDone.filter(function (x, j) { return j !== i; }).every(identity)) {
+          observer.onCompleted();
+          return;
+        }
+      };
 
-            var compositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
-            compositeDisposable.add(disposableCreate(function () {
-                for (var qIdx = 0, qLen = queues.length; qIdx < qLen; qIdx++) {
-                    queues[qIdx] = [];
-                }
-            }));
-            return compositeDisposable;
-        });
-    };
+      function done(i) {
+        isDone[i] = true;
+        if (isDone.every(identity)) {
+          observer.onCompleted();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      var subscriptions = new Array(n);
+      for (var idx = 0; idx < n; idx++) {
+        (function (i) {
+          subscriptions[i] = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
+          subscriptions[i].setDisposable(sources[i].subscribe(function (x) {
+            queues[i].push(x);
+            next(i);
+          }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
+            done(i);
+          }));
+        })(idx);
+      }
+
+      var compositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
+      compositeDisposable.add(disposableCreate(function () {
+        for (var qIdx = 0, qLen = queues.length; qIdx < qLen; qIdx++) { queues[qIdx] = []; }
+      }));
+      return compositeDisposable;
+    });
+  };
 
   /**
    *  Hides the identity of an observable sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that hides the identity of the source sequence.    
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that hides the identity of the source sequence.
    */
   observableProto.asObservable = function () {
     return new AnonymousObservable(this.subscribe.bind(this));
@@ -3264,13 +3263,13 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more buffers which are produced based on element count information.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = xs.bufferWithCount(10);
    *  var res = xs.bufferWithCount(10, 1);
    * @param {Number} count Length of each buffer.
    * @param {Number} [skip] Number of elements to skip between creation of consecutive buffers. If not provided, defaults to the count.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of buffers.    
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of buffers.
    */
   observableProto.bufferWithCount = function (count, skip) {
     if (typeof skip !== 'number') {
@@ -3286,7 +3285,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     /**
      * Dematerializes the explicit notification values of an observable sequence as implicit notifications.
      * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence exhibiting the behavior corresponding to the source sequence's notification values.
-     */ 
+     */
     observableProto.dematerialize = function () {
         var source = this;
         return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -3298,14 +3297,14 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
     /**
      *  Returns an observable sequence that contains only distinct contiguous elements according to the keySelector and the comparer.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged();
      *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged(function (x) { return x.id; });
      *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged(function (x) { return x.id; }, function (x, y) { return x === y; });
      *
      * @param {Function} [keySelector] A function to compute the comparison key for each element. If not provided, it projects the value.
      * @param {Function} [comparer] Equality comparer for computed key values. If not provided, defaults to an equality comparer function.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence only containing the distinct contiguous elements, based on a computed key value, from the source sequence.   
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence only containing the distinct contiguous elements, based on a computed key value, from the source sequence.
      */
     observableProto.distinctUntilChanged = function (keySelector, comparer) {
         var source = this;
@@ -3341,16 +3340,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Invokes an action for each element in the observable sequence and invokes an action upon graceful or exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
    *  This method can be used for debugging, logging, etc. of query behavior by intercepting the message stream to run arbitrary actions for messages on the pipeline.
-   *  
-   * @example
-   *  var res = observable.do(observer);
-   *  var res = observable.do(onNext);
-   *  var res = observable.do(onNext, onError);
-   *  var res = observable.do(onNext, onError, onCompleted);
    * @param {Function | Observer} observerOrOnNext Action to invoke for each element in the observable sequence or an observer.
    * @param {Function} [onError]  Action to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence. Used if only the observerOrOnNext parameter is also a function.
    * @param {Function} [onCompleted]  Action to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence. Used if only the observerOrOnNext parameter is also a function.
-   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.   
+   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.
    */
   observableProto['do'] = observableProto.doAction = observableProto.tap = function (observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted) {
     var source = this, onNextFunc;
@@ -3370,39 +3363,68 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         }
         observer.onNext(x);
       }, function (err) {
-        if (!onError) {
-          observer.onError(err);
-        } else {
+        if (onError) {
           try {
             onError(err);
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
           }
-          observer.onError(err);
         }
+        observer.onError(err);
       }, function () {
-        if (!onCompleted) {
-          observer.onCompleted();
-        } else {
+        if (onCompleted) {
           try {
             onCompleted();
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
           }
-          observer.onCompleted();
         }
+        observer.onCompleted();
       });
     });
   };
 
+  /**
+   *  Invokes an action for each element in the observable sequence.
+   *  This method can be used for debugging, logging, etc. of query behavior by intercepting the message stream to run arbitrary actions for messages on the pipeline.
+   * @param {Function} onNext Action to invoke for each element in the observable sequence.
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.
+   */
+  observableProto.doOnNext = observableProto.tapOnNext = function (onNext, thisArg) {
+    return this.tap(arguments.length === 2 ? function (x) { onNext.call(thisArg, x); } : onNext);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   *  Invokes an action upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
+   *  This method can be used for debugging, logging, etc. of query behavior by intercepting the message stream to run arbitrary actions for messages on the pipeline.
+   * @param {Function} onError Action to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.
+   */
+  observableProto.doOnError = observableProto.tapOnError = function (onError, thisArg) {
+    return this.tap(noop, arguments.length === 2 ? function (e) { onError.call(thisArg, e); } : onError);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   *  Invokes an action upon graceful termination of the observable sequence.
+   *  This method can be used for debugging, logging, etc. of query behavior by intercepting the message stream to run arbitrary actions for messages on the pipeline.
+   * @param {Function} onCompleted Action to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence.
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.
+   */
+  observableProto.doOnCompleted = observableProto.tapOnCompleted = function (onCompleted, thisArg) {
+    return this.tap(noop, null, arguments.length === 2 ? function () { onCompleted.call(thisArg); } : onCompleted);
+  };
+
   /**
    *  Invokes a specified action after the source observable sequence terminates gracefully or exceptionally.
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = observable.finallyAction(function () { console.log('sequence ended'; });
    * @param {Function} finallyAction Action to invoke after the source observable sequence terminates.
-   * @returns {Observable} Source sequence with the action-invoking termination behavior applied. 
-   */  
+   * @returns {Observable} Source sequence with the action-invoking termination behavior applied.
+   */
   observableProto['finally'] = observableProto.finallyAction = function (action) {
     var source = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -3416,8 +3438,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return disposableCreate(function () {
         try {
           subscription.dispose();
-        } catch (e) { 
-          throw e;                    
+        } catch (e) {
+          throw e;
         } finally {
           action();
         }
@@ -3427,7 +3449,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Ignores all elements in an observable sequence leaving only the termination messages.
-   * @returns {Observable} An empty observable sequence that signals termination, successful or exceptional, of the source sequence.    
+   * @returns {Observable} An empty observable sequence that signals termination, successful or exceptional, of the source sequence.
    */
   observableProto.ignoreElements = function () {
     var source = this;
@@ -3439,7 +3461,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Materializes the implicit notifications of an observable sequence as explicit notification values.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the materialized notification values from the source sequence.
-   */    
+   */
   observableProto.materialize = function () {
     var source = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -3457,12 +3479,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
     /**
      *  Repeats the observable sequence a specified number of times. If the repeat count is not specified, the sequence repeats indefinitely.
-     *  
+     *
      * @example
      *  var res = repeated = source.repeat();
      *  var res = repeated = source.repeat(42);
      * @param {Number} [repeatCount]  Number of times to repeat the sequence. If not provided, repeats the sequence indefinitely.
-     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly.   
+     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly.
      */
     observableProto.repeat = function (repeatCount) {
         return enumerableRepeat(this, repeatCount).concat();
@@ -3471,12 +3493,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Repeats the source observable sequence the specified number of times or until it successfully terminates. If the retry count is not specified, it retries indefinitely.
    *  Note if you encounter an error and want it to retry once, then you must use .retry(2);
-   *  
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = retried = retry.repeat();
    *  var res = retried = retry.repeat(2);
    * @param {Number} [retryCount]  Number of times to retry the sequence. If not provided, retry the sequence indefinitely.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly until it terminates successfully. 
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly until it terminates successfully.
    */
   observableProto.retry = function (retryCount) {
     return enumerableRepeat(this, retryCount).catchException();
@@ -3497,7 +3519,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     if (arguments.length === 2) {
       hasSeed = true;
       seed = arguments[0];
-      accumulator = arguments[1];        
+      accumulator = arguments[1];
     } else {
       accumulator = arguments[0];
     }
@@ -3512,7 +3534,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             } else {
               accumulation = hasSeed ? accumulator(seed, x) : x;
               hasAccumulation = true;
-            }                    
+            }
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
             return;
@@ -3533,9 +3555,9 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *  Bypasses a specified number of elements at the end of an observable sequence.
    * @description
    *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store the first `count` elements. As more elements are
-   *  received, elements are taken from the front of the queue and produced on the result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed.     
+   *  received, elements are taken from the front of the queue and produced on the result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed.
    * @param count Number of elements to bypass at the end of the source sequence.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the source sequence elements except for the bypassed ones at the end.   
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the source sequence elements except for the bypassed ones at the end.
    */
   observableProto.skipLast = function (count) {
     var source = this;
@@ -3554,7 +3576,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *  var res = source.startWith(1, 2, 3);
    *  var res = source.startWith(Rx.Scheduler.timeout, 1, 2, 3);
    * @param {Arguments} args The specified values to prepend to the observable sequence
-   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence prepended with the specified values.  
+   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence prepended with the specified values.
    */
   observableProto.startWith = function () {
     var values, scheduler, start = 0;
@@ -3565,7 +3587,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       scheduler = immediateScheduler;
     }
     values = slice.call(arguments, start);
-    return enumerableFor([observableFromArray(values, scheduler), this]).concat();
+    return enumerableOf([observableFromArray(values, scheduler), this]).concat();
   };
 
   /**
@@ -3575,7 +3597,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *  the source sequence, this buffer is drained on the result sequence. This causes the elements to be delayed.
    * @param {Number} count Number of elements to take from the end of the source sequence.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the specified number of elements from the end of the source sequence.
-   */   
+   */
   observableProto.takeLast = function (count) {
     var source = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -3592,10 +3614,10 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Returns an array with the specified number of contiguous elements from the end of an observable sequence.
-   *  
+   *
    * @description
    *  This operator accumulates a buffer with a length enough to store count elements. Upon completion of the
-   *  source sequence, this buffer is produced on the result sequence.       
+   *  source sequence, this buffer is produced on the result sequence.
    * @param {Number} count Number of elements to take from the end of the source sequence.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single array with the specified number of elements from the end of the source sequence.
    */
@@ -3613,65 +3635,58 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     });
   };
 
-    /**
-     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more windows which are produced based on element count information.
-     *  
-     *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10);
-     *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10, 1);
-     * @param {Number} count Length of each window.
-     * @param {Number} [skip] Number of elements to skip between creation of consecutive windows. If not specified, defaults to the count.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.  
-     */
-    observableProto.windowWithCount = function (count, skip) {
-        var source = this;
-        if (count <= 0) {
-            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
-        }
-        if (arguments.length === 1) {
-            skip = count;
-        }
-        if (skip <= 0) {
-            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
+  /**
+   *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more windows which are produced based on element count information.
+   *
+   *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10);
+   *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10, 1);
+   * @param {Number} count Length of each window.
+   * @param {Number} [skip] Number of elements to skip between creation of consecutive windows. If not specified, defaults to the count.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.
+   */
+  observableProto.windowWithCount = function (count, skip) {
+    var source = this;
+    +count || (count = 0);
+    Math.abs(count) === Infinity && (count = 0);
+    if (count <= 0) { throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange); }
+    skip == null && (skip = count);
+    +skip || (skip = 0);
+    Math.abs(skip) === Infinity && (skip = 0);
+
+    if (skip <= 0) { throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange); }
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
+        refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(m),
+        n = 0,
+        q = [];
+
+      function createWindow () {
+        var s = new Subject();
+        q.push(s);
+        observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
+      }
+
+      createWindow();
+
+      m.setDisposable(source.subscribe(
+        function (x) {
+          for (var i = 0, len = q.length; i < len; i++) { q[i].onNext(x); }
+          var c = n - count + 1;
+          c >=0 && c % skip === 0 && q.shift().onCompleted();
+          ++n % skip === 0 && createWindow();
+        }, 
+        function (e) {
+          while (q.length > 0) { q.shift().onError(e); }
+          observer.onError(e);
+        }, 
+        function () {
+          while (q.length > 0) { q.shift().onCompleted(); }
+          observer.onCompleted();
         }
-        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-            var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
-                refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(m),
-                n = 0,
-                q = [],
-                createWindow = function () {
-                    var s = new Subject();
-                    q.push(s);
-                    observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
-                };
-            createWindow();
-            m.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
-                var s;
-                for (var i = 0, len = q.length; i < len; i++) {
-                    q[i].onNext(x);
-                }
-                var c = n - count + 1;
-                if (c >= 0 && c % skip === 0) {
-                    s = q.shift();
-                    s.onCompleted();
-                }
-                n++;
-                if (n % skip === 0) {
-                    createWindow();
-                }
-            }, function (exception) {
-                while (q.length > 0) {
-                    q.shift().onError(exception);
-                }
-                observer.onError(exception);
-            }, function () {
-                while (q.length > 0) {
-                    q.shift().onCompleted();
-                }
-                observer.onCompleted();
-            }));
-            return refCountDisposable;
-        });
-    };
+      ));
+      return refCountDisposable;
+    });
+  };
 
     function concatMap(source, selector, thisArg) {
       return source.map(function (x, i) {
@@ -3683,21 +3698,21 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     /**
      *  One of the Following:
      *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      * @example
      *  var res = source.concatMap(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); });
      *  Or:
      *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence, invokes the result selector for the source element and each of the corresponding inner sequence's elements, and merges the results into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var res = source.concatMap(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); }, function (x, y) { return x + y; });
      *  Or:
      *  Projects each element of the source observable sequence to the other observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var res = source.concatMap(Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]));
-     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the 
+     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the
      * source sequence onto which could be either an observable or Promise.
      * @param {Function} [resultSelector]  A transform function to apply to each element of the intermediate sequence.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.   
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.
      */
     observableProto.selectConcat = observableProto.concatMap = function (selector, resultSelector, thisArg) {
       if (resultSelector) {
@@ -3720,9 +3735,9 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    * @param {Function} onNext A transform function to apply to each element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
    * @param {Function} onError A transform function to apply when an error occurs in the source sequence.
    * @param {Function} onCompleted A transform function to apply when the end of the source sequence is reached.
-   * @param {Any} [thisArg] An optional "this" to use to invoke each transform.   
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] An optional "this" to use to invoke each transform.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function corresponding to each notification in the input sequence.
-   */  
+   */
   observableProto.concatMapObserver = observableProto.selectConcatObserver = function(onNext, onError, onCompleted, thisArg) {
     var source = this;
     return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
@@ -3751,7 +3766,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
           observer.onNext(result);
           observer.onCompleted();
-        }, 
+        },
         function () {
           var result;
           try {
@@ -3759,22 +3774,23 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
             return;
-          } 
-          isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));         
+          }
+          isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
           observer.onNext(result);
           observer.onCompleted();
         });
     }).concatAll();
   };
+
     /**
      *  Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the specified value in a singleton sequence if the sequence is empty.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var res = obs = xs.defaultIfEmpty();
      *  2 - obs = xs.defaultIfEmpty(false);
-     *      
+     *
      * @memberOf Observable#
      * @param defaultValue The value to return if the sequence is empty. If not provided, this defaults to null.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified default value if the source is empty; otherwise, the elements of the source itself. 
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified default value if the source is empty; otherwise, the elements of the source itself.
      */
     observableProto.defaultIfEmpty = function (defaultValue) {
         var source = this;
@@ -3815,12 +3831,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Returns an observable sequence that contains only distinct elements according to the keySelector and the comparer.
-   *  Usage of this operator should be considered carefully due to the maintenance of an internal lookup structure which can grow large. 
-   * 
+   *  Usage of this operator should be considered carefully due to the maintenance of an internal lookup structure which can grow large.
+   *
    * @example
    *  var res = obs = xs.distinct();
    *  2 - obs = xs.distinct(function (x) { return x.id; });
-   *  2 - obs = xs.distinct(function (x) { return x.id; }, function (a,b) { return a === b; });  
+   *  2 - obs = xs.distinct(function (x) { return x.id; }, function (a,b) { return a === b; });
    * @param {Function} [keySelector]  A function to compute the comparison key for each element.
    * @param {Function} [comparer]  Used to compare items in the collection.
    * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence only containing the distinct elements, based on a computed key value, from the source sequence.
@@ -3839,37 +3855,37 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
             return;
-          }            
+          }
         }
         hashSet.push(key) && observer.onNext(x);
-      }, 
-      observer.onError.bind(observer), 
+      },
+      observer.onError.bind(observer),
       observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
     });
   };
 
-    /**
-     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.
-     * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each source element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
-     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source. 
-     */
-    observableProto.select = observableProto.map = function (selector, thisArg) {
-        var parent = this;
-        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-            var count = 0;
-            return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
-                var result;
-                try {
-                    result = selector.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
-                } catch (exception) {
-                    observer.onError(exception);
-                    return;
-                }
-                observer.onNext(result);
-            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
-        });
-    };
+  /**
+   *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.
+   * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each source element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source.
+   */
+  observableProto.select = observableProto.map = function (selector, thisArg) {
+    var parent = this;
+    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+      var count = 0;
+      return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
+        var result;
+        try {
+          result = selector.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
+        } catch (e) {
+          observer.onError(e);
+          return;
+        }
+        observer.onNext(result);
+      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
+    });
+  };
 
   /**
    * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the Observable sequence.
@@ -3890,22 +3906,22 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     /**
      *  One of the Following:
      *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      * @example
      *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); });
      *  Or:
      *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence, invokes the result selector for the source element and each of the corresponding inner sequence's elements, and merges the results into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); }, function (x, y) { return x + y; });
      *  Or:
      *  Projects each element of the source observable sequence to the other observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
-     *  
+     *
      *  var res = source.selectMany(Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]));
-     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the 
+     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the
      * source sequence onto which could be either an observable or Promise.
      * @param {Function} [resultSelector]  A transform function to apply to each element of the intermediate sequence.
      * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.   
+     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.
      */
     observableProto.selectMany = observableProto.flatMap = function (selector, resultSelector, thisArg) {
       if (resultSelector) {
@@ -3959,7 +3975,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
           observer.onNext(result);
           observer.onCompleted();
-        }, 
+        },
         function () {
           var result;
           try {
@@ -3967,19 +3983,20 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           } catch (e) {
             observer.onError(e);
             return;
-          }       
-          isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));   
+          }
+          isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
           observer.onNext(result);
           observer.onCompleted();
         });
     }).mergeAll();
   };
+
   /**
-   *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new sequence of observable sequences by incorporating the element's index and then 
+   *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new sequence of observable sequences by incorporating the element's index and then
    *  transforms an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence producing values only from the most recent observable sequence.
    * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each source element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
    * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source producing an Observable of Observable sequences 
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source producing an Observable of Observable sequences
    *  and that at any point in time produces the elements of the most recent inner observable sequence that has been received.
    */
   observableProto.selectSwitch = observableProto.flatMapLatest = observableProto.switchMap = function (selector, thisArg) {
@@ -3989,7 +4006,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    * Bypasses a specified number of elements in an observable sequence and then returns the remaining elements.
    * @param {Number} count The number of elements to skip before returning the remaining elements.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements that occur after the specified index in the input sequence.   
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements that occur after the specified index in the input sequence.
    */
   observableProto.skip = function (count) {
       if (count < 0) { throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange); }
@@ -4009,12 +4026,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Bypasses elements in an observable sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements.
    *  The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
-   *  
+   *
    *  var res = source.skipWhile(function (value) { return value < 10; });
    *  var res = source.skipWhile(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
    * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
-   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.     
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence starting at the first element in the linear series that does not pass the test specified by predicate.   
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence starting at the first element in the linear series that does not pass the test specified by predicate.
    */
   observableProto.skipWhile = function (predicate, thisArg) {
     var source = this;
@@ -4036,12 +4053,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
 
   /**
    *  Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the start of an observable sequence, using the specified scheduler for the edge case of take(0).
-   *  
+   *
    *  var res = source.take(5);
    *  var res = source.take(0, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
    * @param {Number} count The number of elements to return.
    * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler used to produce an OnCompleted message in case <paramref name="count count</paramref> is set to 0.
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified number of elements from the start of the input sequence.  
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified number of elements from the start of the input sequence.
    */
   observableProto.take = function (count, scheduler) {
       if (count < 0) { throw new RangeError(argumentOutOfRange); }
@@ -4062,8 +4079,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
    *  Returns elements from an observable sequence as long as a specified condition is true.
    *  The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
    * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
-   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.     
-   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence that occur before the element at which the test no longer passes.  
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence that occur before the element at which the test no longer passes.
    */
   observableProto.takeWhile = function (predicate, thisArg) {
     var observable = this;
@@ -4087,34 +4104,32 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     });
   };
 
-    /**
-     *  Filters the elements of an observable sequence based on a predicate by incorporating the element's index.
-     *  
-     * @example
-     *  var res = source.where(function (value) { return value < 10; });
-     *  var res = source.where(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
-     * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each source element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
-     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
-     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains elements from the input sequence that satisfy the condition.   
-     */
-    observableProto.where = observableProto.filter = function (predicate, thisArg) {
-        var parent = this;
-        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
-            var count = 0;
-            return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
-                var shouldRun;
-                try {
-                    shouldRun = predicate.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
-                } catch (exception) {
-                    observer.onError(exception);
-                    return;
-                }
-                if (shouldRun) {
-                    observer.onNext(value);
-                }
-            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
-        });
-    };
+  /**
+   *  Filters the elements of an observable sequence based on a predicate by incorporating the element's index.
+   *
+   * @example
+   *  var res = source.where(function (value) { return value < 10; });
+   *  var res = source.where(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
+   * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each source element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
+   * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
+   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains elements from the input sequence that satisfy the condition.
+   */
+  observableProto.where = observableProto.filter = function (predicate, thisArg) {
+      var parent = this;
+      return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
+        var count = 0;
+        return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
+          var shouldRun;
+          try {
+            shouldRun = predicate.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
+          } catch (e) {
+            observer.onError(e);
+            return;
+          }
+          shouldRun && observer.onNext(value);
+        }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
+      });
+  };
 
   /*
    * Performs a exclusive waiting for the first to finish before subscribing to another observable.
@@ -4135,7 +4150,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         function (innerSource) {
           if (!hasCurrent) {
             hasCurrent = true;
-            
+
             isPromise(innerSource) && (innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource));
 
             var innerSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
@@ -4156,7 +4171,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         observer.onError.bind(observer),
         function () {
           isStopped = true;
-          if (!hasCurrent && g.length === 1) { 
+          if (!hasCurrent && g.length === 1) {
             observer.onCompleted();
           }
         }));
@@ -4164,6 +4179,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return g;
     });
   };
+
   /*
    * Performs a exclusive map waiting for the first to finish before subscribing to another observable.
    * Observables that come in between subscriptions will be dropped on the floor.
@@ -4186,12 +4202,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         function (innerSource) {
 
           if (!hasCurrent) {
-            hasCurrent = true;          
+            hasCurrent = true;
 
             innerSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
             g.add(innerSubscription);
 
-            isPromise(innerSource) && (innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource));      
+            isPromise(innerSource) && (innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource));
 
             innerSubscription.setDisposable(innerSource.subscribe(
               function (x) {
@@ -4215,7 +4231,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
                 }
               }));
           }
-        }, 
+        },
         observer.onError.bind(observer),
         function () {
           isStopped = true;
@@ -4226,6 +4242,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       return g;
     });
   };
+
   var AnonymousObservable = Rx.AnonymousObservable = (function (__super__) {
     inherits(AnonymousObservable, __super__);
 
@@ -4250,7 +4267,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
           } catch (e) {
             if (!autoDetachObserver.fail(e)) {
               throw e;
-            } 
+            }
           }
         };
 
@@ -4288,8 +4305,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             try {
                 this.observer.onNext(value);
                 noError = true;
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 if (!noError) {
                     this.dispose();
@@ -4300,8 +4317,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         AutoDetachObserverPrototype.error = function (exn) {
             try {
                 this.observer.onError(exn);
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 this.dispose();
             }
@@ -4310,8 +4327,8 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         AutoDetachObserverPrototype.completed = function () {
             try {
                 this.observer.onCompleted();
-            } catch (e) { 
-                throw e;                
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw e;
             } finally {
                 this.dispose();
             }
@@ -4332,23 +4349,23 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         return AutoDetachObserver;
     }(AbstractObserver));
 
-    /** @private */
-    var InnerSubscription = function (subject, observer) {
-        this.subject = subject;
-        this.observer = observer;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @private
-     * @memberOf InnerSubscription
-     */
-    InnerSubscription.prototype.dispose = function () {
-        if (!this.subject.isDisposed && this.observer !== null) {
-            var idx = this.subject.observers.indexOf(this.observer);
-            this.subject.observers.splice(idx, 1);
-            this.observer = null;
-        }
-    };
+    /** @private */
+    var InnerSubscription = function (subject, observer) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        this.observer = observer;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     * @memberOf InnerSubscription
+     */
+    InnerSubscription.prototype.dispose = function () {
+        if (!this.subject.isDisposed && this.observer !== null) {
+            var idx = this.subject.observers.indexOf(this.observer);
+            this.subject.observers.splice(idx, 1);
+            this.observer = null;
+        }
+    };
 
     /**
      *  Represents an object that is both an observable sequence as well as an observer.
@@ -4374,7 +4391,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
         /**
          * Creates a subject.
          * @constructor
-         */      
+         */
         function Subject() {
             _super.call(this, subscribe);
             this.isDisposed = false,
@@ -4386,13 +4403,13 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             /**
              * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
              * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
-             */         
+             */
             hasObservers: function () {
                 return this.observers.length > 0;
             },
             /**
              * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence.
-             */                          
+             */
             onCompleted: function () {
                 checkDisposed.call(this);
                 if (!this.isStopped) {
@@ -4408,7 +4425,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             /**
              * Notifies all subscribed observers about the exception.
              * @param {Mixed} error The exception to send to all observers.
-             */               
+             */
             onError: function (exception) {
                 checkDisposed.call(this);
                 if (!this.isStopped) {
@@ -4425,7 +4442,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             /**
              * Notifies all subscribed observers about the arrival of the specified element in the sequence.
              * @param {Mixed} value The value to send to all observers.
-             */                 
+             */
             onNext: function (value) {
                 checkDisposed.call(this);
                 if (!this.isStopped) {
@@ -4437,7 +4454,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
             },
             /**
              * Unsubscribe all observers and release resources.
-             */                
+             */
             dispose: function () {
                 this.isDisposed = true;
                 this.observers = null;
@@ -4460,12 +4477,12 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
   /**
    *  Represents the result of an asynchronous operation.
    *  The last value before the OnCompleted notification, or the error received through OnError, is sent to all subscribed observers.
-   */   
+   */
   var AsyncSubject = Rx.AsyncSubject = (function (__super__) {
 
     function subscribe(observer) {
       checkDisposed.call(this);
-      
+
       if (!this.isStopped) {
         this.observers.push(observer);
         return new InnerSubscription(this, observer);
@@ -4492,7 +4509,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     /**
      * Creates a subject that can only receive one value and that value is cached for all future observations.
      * @constructor
-     */ 
+     */
     function AsyncSubject() {
       __super__.call(this, subscribe);
 
@@ -4508,14 +4525,14 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       /**
        * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
        * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
-       */         
+       */
       hasObservers: function () {
         checkDisposed.call(this);
         return this.observers.length > 0;
       },
       /**
        * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence, also causing the last received value to be sent out (if any).
-       */ 
+       */
       onCompleted: function () {
         var o, i, len;
         checkDisposed.call(this);
@@ -4543,7 +4560,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       /**
        * Notifies all subscribed observers about the error.
        * @param {Mixed} error The Error to send to all observers.
-       */ 
+       */
       onError: function (error) {
         checkDisposed.call(this);
         if (!this.isStopped) {
@@ -4561,7 +4578,7 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
       /**
        * Sends a value to the subject. The last value received before successful termination will be sent to all subscribed and future observers.
        * @param {Mixed} value The value to store in the subject.
-       */             
+       */
       onNext: function (value) {
         checkDisposed.call(this);
         if (this.isStopped) { return; }
@@ -4582,45 +4599,46 @@ if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
     return AsyncSubject;
   }(Observable));
 
-  var AnonymousSubject = Rx.AnonymousSubject = (function (__super__) {
-    inherits(AnonymousSubject, __super__);
-
-    function AnonymousSubject(observer, observable) {
-      this.observer = observer;
-      this.observable = observable;      
-      __super__.call(this, this.observable.subscribe.bind(this.observable));
-    }
-
-    addProperties(AnonymousSubject.prototype, Observer, {
-      onCompleted: function () {
-        this.observer.onCompleted();
-      },            
-      onError: function (exception) {
-        this.observer.onError(exception);
-      },            
-      onNext: function (value) {
-        this.observer.onNext(value);
-      }
-    });
-
-    return AnonymousSubject;
-  }(Observable));
-
-    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
-        root.Rx = Rx;
-
-        define(function() {
-            return Rx;
-        });
-    } else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
-        // in Node.js or RingoJS
-        if (moduleExports) {
-            (freeModule.exports = Rx).Rx = Rx;
-        } else {
-          freeExports.Rx = Rx;
-        }
-    } else {
-        // in a browser or Rhino
-        root.Rx = Rx;
+  var AnonymousSubject = Rx.AnonymousSubject = (function (__super__) {
+    inherits(AnonymousSubject, __super__);
+
+    function AnonymousSubject(observer, observable) {
+      this.observer = observer;
+      this.observable = observable;
+      __super__.call(this, this.observable.subscribe.bind(this.observable));
     }
-}.call(this));
+
+    addProperties(AnonymousSubject.prototype, Observer, {
+      onCompleted: function () {
+        this.observer.onCompleted();
+      },
+      onError: function (exception) {
+        this.observer.onError(exception);
+      },
+      onNext: function (value) {
+        this.observer.onNext(value);
+      }
+    });
+
+    return AnonymousSubject;
+  }(Observable));
+
+    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+        root.Rx = Rx;
+
+        define(function() {
+            return Rx;
+        });
+    } else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+        // in Node.js or RingoJS
+        if (moduleExports) {
+            (freeModule.exports = Rx).Rx = Rx;
+        } else {
+          freeExports.Rx = Rx;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // in a browser or Rhino
+        root.Rx = Rx;
+    }
+
+}.call(this));