rubysketch 0.3.3 → 0.3.8

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags: ['v[0-9]*']
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: ruby 2.6
+        uses: actions/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.6.x
+
+      - name: install gems
+        run: |
+          gem install bundler
+          bundle install --jobs 4 --retry 3
+
+      - name: version
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          echo ::set-output name=value::$(ruby -e 'print "${{ github.ref }}"[/\/v([\w\.\-]+)/, 1]')
+
+      - name: create gem
+        run: rake clean gem
+
+      - name: create release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+          release_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+          draft: false
+          prerelease: false
+
+      - name: upload to releases
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ./rubysketch-${{ steps.version.outputs.value }}.gem
+          asset_name:   rubysketch-${{ steps.version.outputs.value }}.gem
+          asset_content_type: application/zip
+
+      - name: upload to rubygems
+        env:
+          GEM_HOST_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUBYGEMS_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.gem
+          touch $HOME/.gem/credentials
+          chmod 0600 $HOME/.gem/credentials
+          printf -- "---\n:rubygems_api_key: ${GEM_HOST_API_KEY}\n" > $HOME/.gem/credentials
+          rake upload

data/.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: ruby 2.6
+        uses: actions/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.6.x
+
+      - name: install gems
+        run: |
+          gem install bundler
+          bundle install --jobs 4 --retry 3
+
+      - name: test
+        run: rake test

data/ChangeLog.md

@@ -1,6 +1,40 @@
 # RubySketch ChangeLog
 
 
+## [0.3.8] - 2020-11-27
+
+- Capture#initialize() can take requestWidth, requestHeight and cameraName
+- add Capture#width and Capture#height
+
+
+## [0.3.7] - 2020-11-18
+
+- add Capture class
+- add log(), exp(), sqrt() and PI
+- add examples/camera.rb
+- add examples/breakout.rb
+- fix error on calling image()
+
+
+## [0.3.6] - 2020-08-02
+
+- random() can take array or nothing
+- use github actions to release gem package
+
+
+## [0.3.5] - 2020-08-02
+
+- add random()
+- add sin(), cos(), tan(), asin(), acos(), atan() and atan2()
+- make Vector class accessible from user script context
+- fix error on calling rotate()
+
+
+## [0.3.4] - 2020-08-02
+
+- delete Utility module
+
+
 ## [0.3.3] - 2020-08-01
 
 - add Vector class

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gem 'yard'
+gem 'reflexion'

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.3.3
+0.3.8

data/examples/breakout.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+%w[xot rays reflex rubysketch]
+  .map  {|s| File.expand_path "../../#{s}/lib", __dir__}
+  .each {|s| $:.unshift s if !$:.include?(s) && File.directory?(s)}
+
+require 'rubysketch-processing'
+
+
+PADDING = 50
+BRICK_COUNT = 10
+
+$objs = []
+$bar = nil
+$gameover = false
+
+setup do
+  addWalls
+  addBricks
+
+  colorMode HSB, 360, 100, 100
+  ellipseMode CORNER
+  background 0
+  noStroke
+  fill 0, 0, 100
+end
+
+draw do
+  background 0
+  $objs.each do |o|
+    o.update
+    o.draw
+  end
+  drawTexts
+end
+
+mousePressed do
+  start unless started?
+end
+
+mouseDragged do
+  $bar.pos.x = mouseX - $bar.w / 2 if $bar
+end
+
+def start()
+  $bar = Bar.new
+  $objs += [$bar, Ball.new($bar)]
+end
+
+def started?()
+  $bar
+end
+
+def gameover?()
+  started? &&
+    $objs.count {|o| o.kind_of? Ball} == 0
+end
+
+def cleared?()
+  started? && !gameover? &&
+    $objs.count {|o| o.kind_of? Brick} == 0
+end
+
+def addWalls()
+  left = Obj.new 0, 0, 10, height
+  top = Obj.new 0, 0, width, 10
+  right = Obj.new width - 10, 0, 10, height
+  bottom = Bottom.new 0, height - 10, width, 10
+  $objs += [top, bottom, left, right]
+end
+
+def addBricks()
+  brickW = (width - PADDING * 2) / BRICK_COUNT
+  5.times do |y|
+    BRICK_COUNT.times do |x|
+      xx = PADDING + brickW * x
+      yy = PADDING + 30 * y
+      $objs.push Brick.new(xx, yy, brickW - 5, 20, y * 60)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def drawTexts()
+  push do
+    textAlign CENTER, CENTER
+
+    if !started?
+      fill 50, 100, 100
+      textSize 50
+      text "BREAKOUT", 0, 0, width, height
+      textSize 20
+      translate 0, 100
+      text "Tap to start!", 0, 0, width, height
+    elsif cleared?
+      fill 100, 80, 100
+      textSize 50
+      text "CLEAR!", 0, 0, width, height
+    elsif gameover?
+      fill 0, 20, 100
+      textSize 50
+      text "GAMEOVER", 0, 0, width, height
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Obj
+  attr_reader :pos, :w, :h, :vel
+
+  def initialize(x, y, w, h, vx = 0, vy = 0)
+    @pos = createVector x, y
+    @w, @h = w, h
+    @vel = createVector vx, vy
+  end
+
+  def update()
+    @pos.add @vel
+  end
+
+  def draw()
+    rect @pos.x, @pos.y, @w, @h
+  end
+
+  def bounds()
+    x, y = @pos.x, @pos.y
+    return x, y, x + @w, y + @h
+  end
+
+  def center()
+    createVector @pos.x + @w / 2, @pos.y + @h / 2
+  end
+end
+
+class Ball < Obj
+  def initialize(bar)
+    super bar.pos.x, bar.pos.y - bar.h, 20, 20
+    self.vel = createVector random(-1, 1), -1
+  end
+
+  def vel=(v)
+    @vel = v.dup.normalize.mult 8
+  end
+
+  def update()
+    b = bounds.dup
+    super
+    checkHit b
+  end
+
+  def checkHit(prevBounds)
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = prevBounds
+    hitH = hitV = false
+    hits = []
+    $objs.each do |o|
+      next if o == self
+      next unless intersect? o
+      hits.push o
+      ox1, oy1, ox2, oy2 = o.bounds
+      hitH ||= !overlap?(x1, x2, ox1, ox2)
+      hitV ||= !overlap?(y1, y2, oy1, oy2)
+    end
+    vel.x *= -1 if hitH
+    vel.y *= -1 if hitV
+
+    hits.each {|o| hit o}
+  end
+
+  def intersect?(o)
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = bounds
+    ox1, oy1, ox2, oy2 = o.bounds
+    overlap?(x1, x2, ox1, ox2) && overlap?(y1, y2, oy1, oy2)
+  end
+
+  def overlap?(a1, a2, b1, b2)
+    a1 <= b2 && b1 <= a2
+  end
+
+  def hit(o)
+    case o
+    when Bar then self.vel = center.sub o.center
+    when Brick then $objs.delete o
+    when Bottom then $objs.delete self unless cleared?
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Bar < Obj
+  def initialize()
+    w = 100
+    super (width - w) / 2, height - 50, w, 20
+  end
+end
+
+class Brick < Obj
+  def initialize(x, y, w, h, hue)
+    super x, y, w, h
+    @hue = hue
+  end
+
+  def draw()
+    push do
+      fill @hue, 50, 100
+      super
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Bottom < Obj
+  def draw()
+    push do
+      fill 0, 0, 50
+      super
+    end
+  end
+end

data/examples/camera.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+%w[xot rays reflex rubysketch]
+  .map  {|s| File.expand_path "../../#{s}/lib", __dir__}
+  .each {|s| $:.unshift s if !$:.include?(s) && File.directory?(s)}
+
+require 'rubysketch-processing'
+
+
+cam = Capture.new 300, 200, Capture.list.last
+cam.start
+
+draw do
+  background 0
+  image cam, 0, 0
+end

data/lib/rubysketch-processing.rb

@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@ require 'rubysketch'
 
 
 begin
-  include RubySketch::Processing::Context
+  window  = RubySketch::Window.new {start}
+  context = RubySketch::Processing::Context.new window
 
-  window = RubySketch::Window.new {start}
-  setup__ window
+  (context.methods - Object.instance_methods).each do |method|
+    define_method method do |*args, &block|
+      context.__send__ method, *args, &block
+    end
+  end
+
+  context.class.constants.each do |const|
+    self.class.const_set const, context.class.const_get(const)
+  end
 
   window.__send__ :begin_draw
   at_exit do

data/lib/rubysketch/processing.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ module RubySketch
   module Processing
 
 
+    # @private
+    DEG2RAD__ = Math::PI / 180.0
+
+    # @private
+    RAD2DEG__ = 180.0 / Math::PI
+
+
     # Vector class.
     #
     class Vector
@@ -27,14 +34,14 @@ module RubySketch
       # @param v [Vector]  vector object to copy
       # @param a [Array]   array like [x, y, z]
       #
-      def initialize (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, context: context)
+      def initialize (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, context: nil)
         @point = case x
           when Rays::Point then x.dup
           when Vector      then x.getInternal__.dup
           when Array       then Rays::Point.new x[0] || 0, x[1] || 0, x[2] || 0
           else                  Rays::Point.new x    || 0, y    || 0, z    || 0
           end
-        @context = context
+        @context = context || Context.context__
       end
 
       # Initializer for dup or clone
@@ -464,7 +471,7 @@ module RubySketch
       # @return [Vector] rotated this object
       #
       def rotate (angle)
-        angle = @context ? @context.toAngle__(angle) : angle * Utility::RAD2DEG__
+        angle = @context ? @context.toAngle__(angle) : angle * RAD2DEG__
         @point.rotate! angle
         self
       end
@@ -721,25 +728,127 @@ module RubySketch
     end# Touch
 
 
+    # Camera object.
+    #
+    class Capture
+
+      # Returns a list of available camera device names
+      #
+      # @return [Array] device name list
+      #
+      def self.list ()
+        Rays::Camera.device_names
+      end
+
+      # Initialize camera object.
+      #
+      # @overload Capture.new()
+      # @overload Capture.new(cameraName)
+      # @overload Capture.new(requestWidth, requestHeight)
+      # @overload Capture.new(requestWidth, requestHeight, cameraName)
+      #
+      # @param requestWidth  [Integer] captured image width
+      # @param requestHeight [Integer] captured image height
+      # @param cameraName    [String]  camera device name
+      #
+      def initialize (*args)
+        width, height, name =
+          if args.empty?
+            [-1, -1, nil]
+          elsif args[0].kind_of?(String)
+            [-1, -1, args[0]]
+          elsif args[0].kind_of?(Numeric) && args[1].kind_of?(Numeric)
+            [args[0], args[1], args[2]]
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError
+          end
+        @camera = Rays::Camera.new width, height, device_name: name
+      end
+
+      # Start capturing.
+      #
+      # @return [Capture] self
+      #
+      def start ()
+        raise "Failed to start capture" unless @camera.start
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Stop capturing.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def stop ()
+        @camera.stop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Returns is the next captured image available?
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true means object has next frame
+      #
+      def available ()
+        @camera.active?
+      end
+
+      # Reads next frame image
+      #
+      def read ()
+        @camera.image
+      end
+
+      # Returns the width of captured image
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the width of captured image
+      #
+      def width ()
+        @camera.image&.width || 0
+      end
+
+      # Returns the height of captured image
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the height of captured image
+      #
+      def height ()
+        @camera.image&.height || 0
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__ ()
+        @camera.image || dummyImage__
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def dummyImage__ ()
+        @dummy ||= Rays::Image.new 1, 1
+      end
+
+    end# Capture
+
+
     # Drawing context
     #
     module GraphicsContext
 
+      # PI
+      #
+      PI         = Math::PI
+
       # PI / 2
       #
-      HALF_PI    = Math::PI / 2
+      HALF_PI    = PI / 2
 
       # PI / 4
       #
-      QUARTER_PI = Math::PI / 4
+      QUARTER_PI = PI / 4
 
       # PI * 2
       #
-      TWO_PI     = Math::PI * 2
+      TWO_PI     = PI * 2
 
       # PI * 2
       #
-      TAU        = Math::PI * 2
+      TAU        = PI * 2
 
       # RGB mode for colorMode().
       #
@@ -808,7 +917,7 @@ module RubySketch
         @painter__             = painter
         @painter__.miter_limit = 10
 
-        @drawing       = false
+        @drawing__     = false
         @hsbColor__    = false
         @colorMaxes__  = [1.0] * 4
         @angleScale__  = 1.0
@@ -834,11 +943,11 @@ module RubySketch
       def beginDraw ()
         @matrixStack__.clear
         @styleStack__.clear
-        @drawing = true
+        @drawing__ = true
       end
 
       def endDraw ()
-        @drawing = false
+        @drawing__ = false
       end
 
       def width ()
@@ -915,7 +1024,7 @@ module RubySketch
       #
       def angleMode (mode)
         @angleScale__ = case mode.upcase.to_sym
-          when RADIANS then Utility::RAD2DEG__
+          when RADIANS then RAD2DEG__
           when DEGREES then 1.0
           else raise ArgumentError, "invalid angle mode: #{mode}"
           end
@@ -923,7 +1032,7 @@ module RubySketch
       end
 
       # @private
-      protected def toAngle__ (angle)
+      def toAngle__ (angle)
         angle * @angleScale__
       end
 
@@ -1402,8 +1511,9 @@ module RubySketch
       #
       def image (img, a, b, c = nil, d = nil)
         assertDrawing__
-        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @imageMode__, a, b, c || img.width, d || img.height
-        @painter__.image img.getInternal__, x, y, w, h
+        i = img.getInternal__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @imageMode__, a, b, c || i.width, d || i.height
+        @painter__.image i, x, y, w, h
         nil
       end
 
@@ -1579,13 +1689,13 @@ module RubySketch
       end
 
       # @private
-      private def getInternal__ ()
+      def getInternal__ ()
         @image__
       end
 
       # @private
       private def assertDrawing__ ()
-        raise "call beginDraw() before drawing" unless @drawing
+        raise "call beginDraw() before drawing" unless @drawing__
       end
 
     end# GraphicsContext
@@ -1597,17 +1707,23 @@ module RubySketch
 
       include GraphicsContext
 
+      # Initialize graphics object.
+      #
       def initialize (width, height)
         @image__ = Rays::Image.new width, height
         setup__ @image__.painter
       end
 
+      # Start drawing.
+      #
       def beginDraw ()
         @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
         super
         push
       end
 
+      # End drawing.
+      #
       def endDraw ()
         pop
         super
@@ -1617,77 +1733,316 @@ module RubySketch
     end# Graphics
 
 
-    module Utility
+    # Processing context
+    #
+    class Context
+
+      include GraphicsContext
 
-      # @private
-      DEG2RAD__ = Math::PI / 180.0
+      Vector   = Processing::Vector
+      Capture  = Processing::Capture
+      Graphics = Processing::Graphics
+
+      @@context__ = nil
+
+      def self.context__ ()
+        @@context__
+      end
 
       # @private
-      RAD2DEG__ = 180.0 / Math::PI
+      def initialize (window)
+        @@context__ = self
 
-      # Converts degree to radian.
-      #
-      # @param degree [Numeric] degree to convert
-      #
-      # @return [Numeric] radian
+        @window__ = window
+        @image__  = @window__.canvas
+        setup__ @window__.canvas_painter.paint {background 0.8}
+
+        @loop__         = true
+        @redraw__       = false
+        @frameCount__   = 0
+        @mousePos__     =
+        @mousePrevPos__ = Rays::Point.new 0
+        @mousePressed__ = false
+        @touches__      = []
+
+        @window__.before_draw = proc {beginDraw}
+        @window__.after_draw  = proc {endDraw}
+
+        drawFrame = -> {
+          @image__   = @window__.canvas
+          @painter__ = @window__.canvas_painter
+          begin
+            push
+            @drawBlock__.call if @drawBlock__
+          ensure
+            pop
+            @frameCount__ += 1
+          end
+        }
+
+        @window__.draw = proc do |e|
+          if @loop__ || @redraw__
+            @redraw__ = false
+            drawFrame.call
+          end
+          @mousePrevPos__ = @mousePos__
+        end
+
+        updatePointerStates = -> event, pressed = nil {
+          @mousePos__     = event.pos
+          @mousePressed__ = pressed if pressed != nil
+          @touches__      = event.positions.map {|pos| Touch.new pos.x, pos.y}
+        }
+
+        @window__.pointer_down = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e, true
+          (@touchStartedBlock__ || @mousePressedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_up = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e, false
+          (@touchEndedBlock__ || @mouseReleasedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_move = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e
+          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseMovedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_drag = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e
+          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseDraggedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Define setup block.
       #
-      def radians (degree)
-        degree * DEG2RAD__
+      def setup (&block)
+        @window__.setup = block
+        nil
       end
 
-      # Converts radian to degree.
+      # Define draw block.
       #
-      # @param radian [Numeric] radian to convert
+      def draw (&block)
+        @drawBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def key (&block)
+        @window__.key = block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def mousePressed (&block)
+        @mousePressedBlock__ = block if block
+        @mousePressed__
+      end
+
+      def mouseReleased (&block)
+        @mouseReleasedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def mouseMoved (&block)
+        @mouseMovedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def mouseDragged (&block)
+        @mouseDraggedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def touchStarted (&block)
+        @touchStartedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def touchEnded (&block)
+        @touchEndedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def touchMoved (&block)
+        @touchMovedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def size__ (width, height)
+        raise 'size() must be called on startup or setup block' if @started__
+
+        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
+        @window__.__send__ :reset_canvas, width, height
+        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
+
+        @auto_resize__ = false
+      end
+
+      def windowWidth ()
+        @window__.width
+      end
+
+      def windowHeight ()
+        @window__.height
+      end
+
+      # Returns number of frames since program started.
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] degree
+      # @return [Integer] total number of frames
       #
-      def degrees (radian)
-        radian * RAD2DEG__
+      def frameCount ()
+        @frameCount__
       end
 
-      # Returns the absolute number of the value.
-      #
-      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      # Returns number of frames per second.
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] absolute number
+      # @return [Float] frames per second
       #
-      def abs (value)
-        value.abs
+      def frameRate ()
+        @window__.event.fps
       end
 
-      # Returns the closest integer number greater than or equal to the value.
-      #
-      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      # Returns pixel density
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] rounded up number
+      # @return [Numeric] pixel density
       #
-      def ceil (value)
-        value.ceil
+      def displayDensity ()
+        @painter__.pixel_density
       end
 
-      # Returns the closest integer number less than or equal to the value.
-      #
-      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      # Returns mouse x position
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] rounded down number
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
       #
-      def floor (value)
-        value.floor
+      def mouseX ()
+        @mousePos__.x
       end
 
-      # Returns the closest integer number.
-      #
-      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      # Returns mouse y position
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] rounded number
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
       #
-      def round (value)
-        value.round
+      def mouseY ()
+        @mousePos__.y
       end
 
-      # Returns value raised to the power of exponent.
+      # Returns mouse x position in previous frame
       #
-      # @param value    [Numeric] base number
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseX ()
+        @mousePrevPos__.x
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse y position in previous frame
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseY ()
+        @mousePrevPos__.y
+      end
+
+      # Returns array of touches
+      #
+      # @return [Array] Touch objects
+      #
+      def touches ()
+        @touches__
+      end
+
+      # Enables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def loop ()
+        @loop__ = true
+      end
+
+      # Disables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noLoop ()
+        @loop__ = false
+      end
+
+      # Calls draw block to redraw frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def redraw ()
+        @redraw__ = true
+      end
+
+      #
+      # Utilities
+      #
+
+      # Returns the absolute number of the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] absolute number
+      #
+      def abs (value)
+        value.abs
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number greater than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded up number
+      #
+      def ceil (value)
+        value.ceil
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number less than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded down number
+      #
+      def floor (value)
+        value.floor
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded number
+      #
+      def round (value)
+        value.round
+      end
+
+      # Returns the natural logarithm (the base-e logarithm) of a number.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number (> 0.0)
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result number
+      #
+      def log (n)
+        Math.log n
+      end
+
+      # Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result number
+      #
+      def exp (n)
+        Math.exp n
+      end
+
+      # Returns value raised to the power of exponent.
+      #
+      # @param value    [Numeric] base number
       # @param exponent [Numeric] exponent number
       #
       # @return [Numeric] value ** exponent
@@ -1706,6 +2061,16 @@ module RubySketch
         value * value
       end
 
+      # Returns squared value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] squared value
+      #
+      def sqrt (value)
+        Math.sqrt value
+      end
+
       # Returns the magnitude (or length) of a vector.
       #
       # @overload mag(x, y)
@@ -1838,292 +2203,199 @@ module RubySketch
         value < min ? min : (value > max ? max : value)
       end
 
-      # Returns the perlin noise value.
-      #
-      # @overload noise(x)
-      # @overload noise(x, y)
-      # @overload noise(x, y, z)
+      # Converts degree to radian.
       #
-      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal point in noise space
-      # @param y [Numeric] vertical point in noise space
-      # @param z [Numeric] depth point in noise space
+      # @param degree [Numeric] degree to convert
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] noise value (0.0..1.0)
+      # @return [Numeric] radian
       #
-      def noise (x, y = 0, z = 0)
-        Rays.perlin(x, y, z) / 2.0 + 0.5
+      def radians (degree)
+        degree * DEG2RAD__
       end
 
-      # Loads image.
+      # Converts radian to degree.
       #
-      # @param filename  [String] file name to load image
-      # @param extension [String] type of image to load (ex. 'png')
+      # @param radian [Numeric] radian to convert
       #
-      # @return [Image] loaded image object
+      # @return [Numeric] degree
       #
-      def loadImage (filename, extension = nil)
-        filename = getImage__ filename, extension if filename =~ %r|^https?://|
-        Image.new Rays::Image.load filename
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      private def getImage__ (uri, ext)
-        ext ||= File.extname uri
-        raise "unsupported image type -- #{ext}" unless ext =~ /^\.?(png)$/i
-
-        tmpdir = Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(self.class.name)
-        path   = tmpdir + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(uri)
-        path   = path.sub_ext ext
-
-        unless path.file?
-          URI.open uri do |input|
-            tmpdir.mkdir unless tmpdir.directory?
-            path.open('w') do |output|
-              while buf = input.read(2 ** 16)
-                output.write buf
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        path.to_s
-      end
-
-      def createGraphics (width, height)
-        Graphics.new width, height
-      end
-
-    end# Utility
-
-
-    # Processing context
-    #
-    module Context
-
-      include GraphicsContext, Utility, Math
-
-      # @private
-      def setup__ (window)
-        @window__ = window
-        @image__  = @window__.canvas
-        super @window__.canvas_painter.paint {background 0.8}
-
-        @loop__         = true
-        @redraw__       = false
-        @frameCount__   = 0
-        @mousePos__     =
-        @mousePrevPos__ = Rays::Point.new 0
-        @mousePressed__ = false
-        @touches__      = []
-
-        @window__.before_draw = proc {beginDraw}
-        @window__.after_draw  = proc {endDraw}
-
-        drawFrame = -> {
-          @image__   = @window__.canvas
-          @painter__ = @window__.canvas_painter
-          begin
-            push
-            @drawBlock__.call if @drawBlock__
-          ensure
-            pop
-            @frameCount__ += 1
-          end
-        }
-
-        @window__.draw = proc do |e|
-          if @loop__ || @redraw__
-            @redraw__ = false
-            drawFrame.call
-          end
-          @mousePrevPos__ = @mousePos__
-        end
-
-        updatePointerStates = -> event, pressed = nil {
-          @mousePos__     = event.pos
-          @mousePressed__ = pressed if pressed != nil
-          @touches__      = event.positions.map {|pos| Touch.new pos.x, pos.y}
-        }
-
-        @window__.pointer_down = proc do |e|
-          updatePointerStates.call e, true
-          (@touchStartedBlock__ || @mousePressedBlock__)&.call
-        end
-
-        @window__.pointer_up = proc do |e|
-          updatePointerStates.call e, false
-          (@touchEndedBlock__ || @mouseReleasedBlock__)&.call
-        end
-
-        @window__.pointer_move = proc do |e|
-          updatePointerStates.call e
-          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseMovedBlock__)&.call
-        end
-
-        @window__.pointer_drag = proc do |e|
-          updatePointerStates.call e
-          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseDraggedBlock__)&.call
-        end
+      def degrees (radian)
+        radian * RAD2DEG__
       end
 
-      # Define setup block.
+      # Returns the sine of an angle.
       #
-      def setup (&block)
-        @window__.setup = block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      # Define draw block.
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
       #
-      def draw (&block)
-        @drawBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def key (&block)
-        @window__.key = block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def mousePressed (&block)
-        @mousePressedBlock__ = block if block
-        @mousePressed__
-      end
-
-      def mouseReleased (&block)
-        @mouseReleasedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def mouseMoved (&block)
-        @mouseMovedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def mouseDragged (&block)
-        @mouseDraggedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def touchStarted (&block)
-        @touchStartedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def touchEnded (&block)
-        @touchEndedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def touchMoved (&block)
-        @touchMovedBlock__ = block if block
-        nil
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      private def size__ (width, height)
-        raise 'size() must be called on startup or setup block' if @started__
-
-        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
-        @window__.__send__ :reset_canvas, width, height
-        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
-
-        @auto_resize__ = false
-      end
-
-      def windowWidth ()
-        @window__.width
+      # @return [Numeric] the sine
+      #
+      def sin (angle)
+        Math.sin angle
       end
 
-      def windowHeight ()
-        @window__.height
+      # Returns the cosine of an angle.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the cosine
+      #
+      def cos (angle)
+        Math.cos angle
       end
 
-      # Returns number of frames since program started.
+      # Returns the ratio of the sine and cosine of an angle.
       #
-      # @return [Integer] total number of frames
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
       #
-      def frameCount ()
-        @frameCount__
+      # @return [Numeric] the tangent
+      #
+      def tan (angle)
+        Math.tan angle
       end
 
-      # Returns number of frames per second.
+      # Returns the inverse of sin().
       #
-      # @return [Float] frames per second
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for calculation
       #
-      def frameRate ()
-        @window__.event.fps
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc sine
+      #
+      def asin (value)
+        Math.asin value
       end
 
-      # Returns pixel density
+      # Returns the inverse of cos().
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] pixel density
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for calculation
       #
-      def displayDensity ()
-        @painter__.pixel_density
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc cosine
+      #
+      def acos (value)
+        Math.acos value
       end
 
-      # Returns mouse x position
+      # Returns the inverse of tan().
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for valculation
       #
-      def mouseX ()
-        @mousePos__.x
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc tangent
+      #
+      def atan (value)
+        Math.atan value
       end
 
-      # Returns mouse y position
+      # Returns the angle from a specified point.
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of the point
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of the point
       #
-      def mouseY ()
-        @mousePos__.y
+      # @return [Numeric] the angle in radians
+      #
+      def atan2 (y, x)
+        Math.atan2 y, x
       end
 
-      # Returns mouse x position in previous frame
+      # Returns the perlin noise value.
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      # @overload noise(x)
+      # @overload noise(x, y)
+      # @overload noise(x, y, z)
       #
-      def pmouseX ()
-        @mousePrevPos__.x
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal point in noise space
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical point in noise space
+      # @param z [Numeric] depth point in noise space
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] noise value (0.0..1.0)
+      #
+      def noise (x, y = 0, z = 0)
+        Rays.perlin(x, y, z) / 2.0 + 0.5
       end
 
-      # Returns mouse y position in previous frame
+      # Returns a random number in range low...high
       #
-      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      # @overload random()
+      # @overload random(high)
+      # @overload random(low, high)
+      # @overload random(choices)
       #
-      def pmouseY ()
-        @mousePrevPos__.y
+      # @param low     [Numeric] lower limit
+      # @param high    [Numeric] upper limit
+      # @param choices [Array]   array to choose from
+      #
+      # @return [Float] random number
+      #
+      def random (*args)
+        return args.first.sample if args.first.kind_of? Array
+        high, low = args.reverse
+        rand (low || 0).to_f...(high || 1).to_f
       end
 
-      # Returns array of touches
+      # Creates a new vector.
       #
-      # @return [Array] Touch objects
+      # @overload createVector()
+      # @overload createVector(x, y)
+      # @overload createVector(x, y, z)
       #
-      def touches ()
-        @touches__
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of new vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of new vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] new vector
+      #
+      def createVector (*args)
+        Vector.new *args
       end
 
-      # Enables calling draw block on every frame.
+      # Creates a camera object as a video input device.
       #
-      # @return [nil] nil
+      # @return [Capture] camera object
       #
-      def loop ()
-        @loop__ = true
+      def createCapture (*args)
+        Capture.new *args
       end
 
-      # Disables calling draw block on every frame.
+      # Creates a new off-screen graphics context object.
       #
-      # @return [nil] nil
+      # @param width  [Numeric] width of graphics image
+      # @param height [Numeric] height of graphics image
       #
-      def noLoop ()
-        @loop__ = false
+      # @return [Graphics] graphics object
+      #
+      def createGraphics (width, height)
+        Graphics.new width, height
       end
 
-      # Calls draw block to redraw frame.
+      # Loads image.
       #
-      # @return [nil] nil
+      # @param filename  [String] file name to load image
+      # @param extension [String] type of image to load (ex. 'png')
       #
-      def redraw ()
-        @redraw__ = true
+      # @return [Image] loaded image object
+      #
+      def loadImage (filename, extension = nil)
+        filename = getImage__ filename, extension if filename =~ %r|^https?://|
+        Image.new Rays::Image.load filename
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def getImage__ (uri, ext)
+        ext ||= File.extname uri
+        raise "unsupported image type -- #{ext}" unless ext =~ /^\.?(png)$/i
+
+        tmpdir = Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(self.class.name)
+        path   = tmpdir + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(uri)
+        path   = path.sub_ext ext
+
+        unless path.file?
+          URI.open uri do |input|
+            tmpdir.mkdir unless tmpdir.directory?
+            path.open('w') do |output|
+              while buf = input.read(2 ** 16)
+                output.write buf
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        path.to_s
       end
 
     end# Context