rubysketch 0.2.3 → 0.3.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/ChangeLog.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# RubySketch ChangeLog
+
+
+## [0.2.7] - 2020-04-17
+
+- add strokeCap() and strokeJoin()
+
+
+## [0.2.6] - 2020-04-17
+
+- push(), pushMatrix() and pushStyle() take block to automatic pop
+- refine startup process
+- add curve() and bezier()
+- add imageMode(), Image#resize(), Image#copy() and copy()
+- add loop(), noLoop() and redraw()
+
+
+## [0.2.5] - 2020-03-29
+
+- delete debug prints
+- show unsupported image type

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.2.3
+0.3.0

data/examples/clock.rb

@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@ end
 draw do
   background 0
 
-  begin
-    pushMatrix
+  pushMatrix do
     translate width / 2, height / 2
 
-    begin
-      pushMatrix
+    pushMatrix do
       fill COLORS[0]
       ellipse 0, 0, 20, 20
       rotate (now - start) / 60.0 * 360
@@ -33,32 +31,25 @@ draw do
       strokeWeight 5
       line 0, 0, 200, 0
       fill 1
-      popMatrix
     end
 
-    begin
-      pushMatrix
+    pushMatrix do
       strokeWeight 3
       60.times do
         rotate 6
         stroke COLORS[1]
         line 200, 0, 210, 0
       end
-      popMatrix
     end
 
-    begin
-      pushMatrix
+    pushMatrix do
       strokeWeight 5
       12.times do
         rotate 30
         stroke COLORS[3]
         line 190, 0, 210, 0
       end
-      popMatrix
     end
-
-    popMatrix
   end
 
   textSize 20

data/lib/rubysketch-processing.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 require 'rubysketch'
 
 
-RubySketch.__send__ :start_on_object_at_exit, self, RubySketch::Processing.new
+begin
+  include RubySketch::Processing::Context
+
+  window = RubySketch::Window.new {start}
+  setup__ window
+
+  window.__send__ :begin_draw
+  at_exit do
+    window.__send__ :end_draw
+    Reflex.start {window.show} unless $!
+  end
+end

data/lib/rubysketch.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ require 'open-uri'
 
 require 'reflex'
 require 'rubysketch/module'
-require 'rubysketch/starter'
 require 'rubysketch/window'
 require 'rubysketch/processing'
 require 'rubysketch/glsl'

data/lib/rubysketch/glsl.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ module RubySketch
   # @private
   class GLSL
 
-    extend Starter
-
     def initialize (glsl)
       @shader = Reflex::Shader.new glsl
     end

data/lib/rubysketch/processing.rb

@@ -3,1183 +3,1474 @@ module RubySketch
 
   # Processing compatible API
   #
-  class Processing
+  module Processing
 
-    include Math
 
-    extend Starter
+    # Image object.
+    #
+    class Image
 
-    HALF_PI    = PI / 2
-    QUARTER_PI = PI / 4
-    TWO_PI     = PI * 2
-    TAU        = PI * 2
+      # @private
+      def initialize (image)
+        @image__ = image
+      end
 
-    # RGB mode for colorMode() function.
-    #
-    RGB = :RGB
+      # Gets width of image.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] width of image
+      #
+      def width ()
+        @image__.width
+      end
 
-    # HSB mode for colorMode() function.
-    #
-    HSB = :HSB
+      # Gets height of image.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] height of image
+      #
+      def height ()
+        @image__.height
+      end
 
-    # Radian mode for angleMode() function.
-    #
-    RADIANS = :RADIANS
+      # Resizes image.
+      #
+      # @param width  [Numeric] width for resized image
+      # @param height [Numeric] height for resized image
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def resize (width, height)
+        @image__ = Rays::Image.new(width, height).paint do |painter|
+          painter.image @image__, 0, 0, width, height
+        end
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Degree mode for angleMode() function.
-    #
-    DEGREES = :DEGREES
-
-    CORNER  = :CORNER
-    CORNERS = :CORNERS
-    CENTER  = :CENTER
-    RADIUS  = :RADIUS
-
-    # @private
-    DEG2RAD__ = PI / 180.0
-
-    # @private
-    RAD2DEG__ = 180.0 / PI
-
-    # @private
-    def initialize ()
-      @matrixStack__  = []
-      @styleStack__   = []
-      @frameCount__   = 0
-      @hsbColor__     = false
-      @colorMaxes__   = [1.0] * 4
-      @angleScale__   = 1.0
-      @mouseX__       =
-      @mouseY__       =
-      @mousePrevX__   =
-      @mousePrevY__   = 0
-      @mousePressed__ = false
-
-      colorMode   RGB, 255
-      angleMode   RADIANS
-      rectMode    CORNER
-      ellipseMode CENTER
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    def on_start__ (window)
-      @window__  = window
-      @painter__ = window.canvas_painter
-
-      setupDrawBlock__
-      setupMousePressedBlock__
-      setupMouseReleasedBlock__
-      setupMouseMovedBlock__
-      setupMouseDraggedBlock__
-    end
-
-    # Returns the absolute number of the value.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] absolute number
-    #
-    def abs (value)
-      value.abs
-    end
+      # Copies image.
+      #
+      # @overload copy(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      # @overload copy(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image]   image for copy source
+      # @param sx  [Numrtic] x position of source region
+      # @param sy  [Numrtic] y position of source region
+      # @param sw  [Numrtic] width of source region
+      # @param sh  [Numrtic] height of source region
+      # @param dx  [Numrtic] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy  [Numrtic] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw  [Numrtic] width of destination region
+      # @param dh  [Numrtic] height of destination region
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def copy (img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+        img ||= self
+        @image__.paint do |painter|
+          painter.image img.getInternal__, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh
+        end
+      end
 
-    # Returns the closest integer number greater than or equal to the value.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] rounded up number
-    #
-    def ceil (value)
-      value.ceil
-    end
+      # Saves image to file.
+      #
+      # @param filename [String] file name to save image
+      #
+      def save (filename)
+        @image__.save filename
+      end
 
-    # Returns the closest integer number less than or equal to the value.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] rounded down number
-    #
-    def floor (value)
-      value.floor
-    end
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__ ()
+        @image__
+      end
 
-    # Returns the closest integer number.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] rounded number
-    #
-    def round (value)
-      value.round
-    end
+    end# Image
 
-    # Returns value raised to the power of exponent.
-    #
-    # @param value    [Numeric] base number
-    # @param exponent [Numeric] exponent number
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] value ** exponent
-    #
-    def pow (value, exponent)
-      value ** exponent
-    end
 
-    # Returns squared value.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number
+    # Font object.
     #
-    # @return [Numeric] squared value
-    #
-    def sq (value)
-      value * value
-    end
+    class Font
 
-    # Returns the magnitude (or length) of a vector.
-    #
-    # @overload mag(x, y)
-    # @overload mag(x, y, z)
-    #
-    # @param x [Numeric] x of point
-    # @param y [Numeric] y of point
-    # @param z [Numeric] z of point
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] magnitude
-    #
-    def mag (*args)
-      x, y, z = *args
-      case args.size
-        when 2 then sqrt x * x + y * y
-        when 3 then sqrt x * x + y * y + z * z
-        else raise ArgumentError
+      # @private
+      def initialize (font)
+        @font = font
       end
-    end
 
-    # Returns distance between 2 points.
-    #
-    # @overload dist(x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    # @overload dist(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
-    #
-    # @param x1 [Numeric] x of first point
-    # @param y1 [Numeric] y of first point
-    # @param z1 [Numeric] z of first point
-    # @param x2 [Numeric] x of second point
-    # @param y2 [Numeric] y of second point
-    # @param z2 [Numeric] z of second point
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] distance between 2 points
-    #
-    def dist (*args)
-      case args.size
-        when 4
-          x1, y1, x2, y2 = *args
-          xx, yy = x2 - x1, y2 - y1
-          sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy
-        when 3
-          x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2 = *args
-          xx, yy, zz = x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1
-          sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy + zz * zz
-        else raise ArgumentError
+      # Returns bounding box.
+      #
+      # @overload textBounds(str)
+      # @overload textBounds(str, x, y)
+      # @overload textBounds(str, x, y, fontSize)
+      #
+      # @param str      [String]  text to calculate bounding box
+      # @param x        [Numeric] horizontal position of bounding box
+      # @param y        [Numeric] vertical position of bounding box
+      # @param fontSize [Numeric] font size
+      #
+      # @return [TextBounds] bounding box for text
+      #
+      def textBounds (str, x = 0, y = 0, fontSize = nil)
+        f = fontSize ? Rays::Font.new(@font.name, fontSize) : @font
+        TextBounds.new x, y, x + f.width(str), y + f.height
       end
-    end
-
-    # Normalize the value from range start..stop into 0..1.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number to be normalized
-    # @param start [Numeric] lower bound of the range
-    # @param stop  [Numeric] upper bound of the range
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] normalized value between 0..1
-    #
-    def norm (value, start, stop)
-      (value.to_f - start.to_f) / (stop.to_f - start.to_f)
-    end
 
-    # Returns the interpolated number between range start..stop.
-    #
-    # @param start  [Numeric] lower bound of the range
-    # @param stop   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
-    # @param amount [Numeric] amount to interpolate
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] interporated number
-    #
-    def lerp (start, stop, amount)
-      start + (stop - start) * amount
-    end
+    end# Font
 
-    # Maps a number from range start1..stop1 to range start2..stop2.
-    #
-    # @param value  [Numeric] number to be mapped
-    # @param start1 [Numeric] lower bound of the range1
-    # @param stop1  [Numeric] upper bound of the range1
-    # @param start2 [Numeric] lower bound of the range2
-    # @param stop2  [Numeric] upper bound of the range2
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] mapped number
-    #
-    def map (value, start1, stop1, start2, stop2)
-      lerp start2, stop2, norm(value, start1, stop1)
-    end
 
-    # Returns minimum value.
-    #
-    # @overload min(a, b)
-    # @overload min(a, b, c)
-    # @overload min(array)
-    #
-    # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
+    # Bounding box for text.
     #
-    # @return [Numeric] minimum value
-    #
-    def min (*args)
-      args.flatten.min
-    end
+    class TextBounds
 
-    # Returns maximum value.
-    #
-    # @overload max(a, b)
-    # @overload max(a, b, c)
-    # @overload max(array)
-    #
-    # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
-    # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] maximum value
-    #
-    def max (*args)
-      args.flatten.max
-    end
+      # Horizontal position
+      #
+      attr_reader :x
 
-    # Constrains the number between min..max.
-    #
-    # @param value [Numeric] number to be constrained
-    # @param min   [Numeric] lower bound of the range
-    # @param max   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] constrained number
-    #
-    def constrain (value, min, max)
-      value < min ? min : (value > max ? max : value)
-    end
+      # Vertical position
+      #
+      attr_reader :y
 
-    # Converts degree to radian.
-    #
-    # @param degree [Numeric] degree to convert
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] radian
-    #
-    def radians (degree)
-      degree * DEG2RAD__
-    end
+      # Width of bounding box
+      #
+      attr_reader :w
 
-    # Converts radian to degree.
-    #
-    # @param radian [Numeric] radian to convert
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] degree
-    #
-    def degrees (radian)
-      radian * RAD2DEG__
-    end
+      # Height of bounding box
+      #
+      attr_reader :h
 
-    # Define setup block.
-    #
-    def setup (&block)
-      @window__.setup = block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def setupDrawBlock__ ()
-      @window__.draw = proc do |e, painter|
-        @painter__ = painter
-        @matrixStack__.clear
-        @styleStack__.clear
-        begin
-          push
-          @drawBlock__.call e if @drawBlock__
-        ensure
-          pop
-        end
-        @frameCount__ += 1
-        updateMousePrevPos__
+      # @private
+      def initialize (x, y, w, h)
+        @x, @y, @w, @h = x, y, w, h
       end
-    end
 
-    # Define draw block.
-    #
-    def draw (&block)
-      @drawBlock__ = block if block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    def key (&block)
-      @window__.key = block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def setupMousePressedBlock__ ()
-      @window__.pointer_down = proc do |e|
-        updateMouseState__ e.x, e.y, true
-        @mousePressedBlock__.call e if @mousePressedBlock__
-      end
-    end
-
-    def mousePressed (&block)
-      @mousePressedBlock__ = block if block
-      @mousePressed__
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def setupMouseReleasedBlock__ ()
-      @window__.pointer_up = proc do |e|
-        updateMouseState__ e.x, e.y, false
-        @mouseReleasedBlock__.call e if @mouseReleasedBlock__
-      end
-    end
-
-    def mouseReleased (&block)
-      @mouseReleasedBlock__ = block if block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def setupMouseMovedBlock__ ()
-      @window__.pointer_move = proc do |e|
-        updateMouseState__ e.x, e.y
-        @mouseMovedBlock__.call e if @mouseMovedBlock__
-      end
-    end
-
-    def mouseMoved (&block)
-      @mouseMovedBlock__ = block if block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def setupMouseDraggedBlock__ ()
-      @window__.pointer_drag = proc do |e|
-        updateMouseState__ e.x, e.y
-        @mouseDraggedBlock__.call e if @mouseDraggedBlock__
-      end
-    end
-
-    def mouseDragged (&block)
-      @mouseDraggedBlock__ = block if block
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def updateMouseState__ (x, y, pressed = nil)
-      @mouseX__       = x
-      @mouseY__       = y
-      @mousePressed__ = pressed if pressed != nil
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def updateMousePrevPos__ ()
-      @mousePrevX__ = @mouseX__
-      @mousePrevY__ = @mouseY__
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def size__ (width, height)
-      raise 'size() must be called on startup or setup block' if @started__
-
-      @painter__.send :end_paint
-      reset_canvas width, height
-      @painter__.send :begin_paint
-
-      @auto_resize__ = false
-    end
-
-    def width ()
-      @window__.canvas.width
-    end
-
-    def height ()
-      @window__.canvas.height
-    end
-
-    def windowWidth ()
-      @window__.width
-    end
-
-    def windowHeight ()
-      @window__.height
-    end
-
-    # Returns number of frames since program started.
-    #
-    # @return [Integer] total number of frames
-    #
-    def frameCount ()
-      @frameCount__
-    end
+    end# TextBounds
 
-    # Returns number of frames per second.
-    #
-    # @return [Float] frames per second
-    #
-    def frameRate ()
-      @window__.event.fps
-    end
 
-    # Returns pixel density
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] pixel density
+    # Drawing context
     #
-    def displayDensity ()
-      @painter__.pixel_density
-    end
+    module GraphicsContext
 
-    # Returns mouse x position
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
-    #
-    def mouseX ()
-      @mouseX__
-    end
+      # PI / 2
+      #
+      HALF_PI    = Math::PI / 2
 
-    # Returns mouse y position
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
-    #
-    def mouseY ()
-      @mouseY__
-    end
+      # PI / 4
+      #
+      QUARTER_PI = Math::PI / 4
 
-    # Returns mouse x position in previous frame
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
-    #
-    def pmouseX ()
-      @mousePrevX__
-    end
+      # PI * 2
+      #
+      TWO_PI     = Math::PI * 2
 
-    # Returns mouse y position in previous frame
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
-    #
-    def pmouseY ()
-      @mousePrevY__
-    end
+      # PI * 2
+      #
+      TAU        = Math::PI * 2
 
-    # Sets color mode and max color values.
-    #
-    # @overload colorMode(mode)
-    # @overload colorMode(mode, max)
-    # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3)
-    # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3, maxA)
-    #
-    # @param mode [RGB, HSB] RGB or HSB
-    # @param max  [Numeric]  max values for all color values
-    # @param max1 [Numeric]  max value for red or hue
-    # @param max2 [Numeric]  max value for green or saturation
-    # @param max3 [Numeric]  max value for blue or brightness
-    # @param maxA [Numeric]  max value for alpha
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def colorMode (mode, *maxes)
-      raise ArgumentError, "invalid color mode: #{mode}" unless [RGB, HSB].include?(mode)
-      raise ArgumentError unless [0, 1, 3, 4].include?(maxes.size)
+      # RGB mode for colorMode().
+      #
+      RGB = :RGB
+
+      # HSB mode for colorMode().
+      #
+      HSB = :HSB
+
+      # Radian mode for angleMode().
+      #
+      RADIANS = :RADIANS
+
+      # Degree mode for angleMode().
+      #
+      DEGREES = :DEGREES
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode() and imageMode().
+      #
+      CORNER  = :CORNER
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode() and imageMode().
+      #
+      CORNERS = :CORNERS
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode() and imageMode().
+      #
+      CENTER  = :CENTER
+
+      # Mode for rectMode() and ellipseMode().
+      #
+      RADIUS  = :RADIUS
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap().
+      #
+      BUTT   = :butt
 
-      @hsbColor__ = mode.upcase == HSB
-      case maxes.size
+      # Mode for strokeJoin().
+      #
+      MITER  = :miter
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap() and strokeJoin().
+      #
+      ROUND  = :round
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap() and strokeJoin().
+      #
+      SQUARE = :square
+
+      def setup__ ()
+        @drawing       = false
+        @hsbColor__    = false
+        @colorMaxes__  = [1.0] * 4
+        @angleScale__  = 1.0
+        @rectMode__    = nil
+        @ellipseMode__ = nil
+        @imageMode__   = nil
+        @matrixStack__ = []
+        @styleStack__  = []
+
+        colorMode   RGB, 255
+        angleMode   RADIANS
+        rectMode    CORNER
+        ellipseMode CENTER
+        imageMode   CORNER
+      end
+
+      def beginDraw ()
+        @matrixStack__.clear
+        @styleStack__.clear
+        @drawing = true
+      end
+
+      def endDraw ()
+        @drawing = false
+      end
+
+      def width ()
+        @image__.width
+      end
+
+      def height ()
+        @image__.height
+      end
+
+      # Sets color mode and max color values.
+      #
+      # @overload colorMode(mode)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3, maxA)
+      #
+      # @param mode [RGB, HSB] RGB or HSB
+      # @param max  [Numeric]  max values for all color values
+      # @param max1 [Numeric]  max value for red or hue
+      # @param max2 [Numeric]  max value for green or saturation
+      # @param max3 [Numeric]  max value for blue or brightness
+      # @param maxA [Numeric]  max value for alpha
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def colorMode (mode, *maxes)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid color mode: #{mode}" unless [RGB, HSB].include?(mode)
+        raise ArgumentError unless [0, 1, 3, 4].include?(maxes.size)
+
+        @hsbColor__ = mode.upcase == HSB
+        case maxes.size
         when 1    then @colorMaxes__                 = [maxes.first.to_f] * 4
         when 3, 4 then @colorMaxes__[0...maxes.size] = maxes.map &:to_f
+        end
+        nil
       end
-      nil
-    end
 
-    # @private
-    private def toRGBA__ (*args)
-      a, b, c, d = args
-      return parseColor__(a, b || alphaMax__) if a.kind_of?(String)
+      # @private
+      private def toRGBA__ (*args)
+        a, b, c, d = args
+        return parseColor__(a, b || alphaMax__) if a.kind_of?(String)
 
-      rgba = case args.size
-        when 1, 2 then [a, a, a, b || alphaMax__]
-        when 3, 4 then [a, b, c, d || alphaMax__]
-        else raise ArgumentError
+        rgba = case args.size
+          when 1, 2 then [a, a, a, b || alphaMax__]
+          when 3, 4 then [a, b, c, d || alphaMax__]
+          else raise ArgumentError
+          end
+        rgba  = rgba.map.with_index {|value, i| value / @colorMaxes__[i]}
+        color = @hsbColor__ ? Rays::Color.hsv(*rgba) : Rays::Color.new(*rgba)
+        color.to_a
       end
-      rgba  = rgba.map.with_index {|value, i| value / @colorMaxes__[i]}
-      color = @hsbColor__ ? Rays::Color.hsv(*rgba) : Rays::Color.new(*rgba)
-      color.to_a
-    end
 
-    # @private
-    private def parseColor__ (str, alpha)
-      result = str.match /^\s*##{'([0-9a-f]{2})' * 3}\s*$/i
-      raise ArgumentError, "invalid color code: '#{str}'" unless result
+      # @private
+      private def parseColor__ (str, alpha)
+        result = str.match /^\s*##{'([0-9a-f]{2})' * 3}\s*$/i
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid color code: '#{str}'" unless result
 
-      rgb = result[1..3].map.with_index {|hex, i| hex.to_i(16) / 255.0}
-      return *rgb, (alpha / alphaMax__)
-    end
+        rgb = result[1..3].map.with_index {|hex, i| hex.to_i(16) / 255.0}
+        return *rgb, (alpha / alphaMax__)
+      end
 
-    # @private
-    private def alphaMax__ ()
-      @colorMaxes__[3]
-    end
+      # @private
+      private def alphaMax__ ()
+        @colorMaxes__[3]
+      end
 
-    # Sets angle mode.
-    #
-    # @param mode [RADIANS, DEGREES] RADIANS or DEGREES
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def angleMode (mode)
-      @angleScale__ = case mode
-        when RADIANS then RAD2DEG__
-        when DEGREES then 1.0
-        else raise ArgumentError, "invalid angle mode: #{mode}"
+      # Sets angle mode.
+      #
+      # @param mode [RADIANS, DEGREES] RADIANS or DEGREES
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def angleMode (mode)
+        @angleScale__ = case mode
+          when RADIANS then Utility::RAD2DEG__
+          when DEGREES then 1.0
+          else raise ArgumentError, "invalid angle mode: #{mode}"
+          end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def toAngle__ (angle)
+        angle * @angleScale__
       end
-      nil
-    end
 
-    # @private
-    private def toAngle__ (angle)
-      angle * @angleScale__
-    end
+      # Sets rect mode. Default is CORNER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> rect(left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> rect(left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> rect(center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      # RADIUS  -> rect(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rectMode (mode)
+        @rectMode__ = mode
+      end
 
-    # Sets rect mode. Default is CORNER.
-    #
-    # CORNER  -> rect(left, top, width, height)
-    # CORNERS -> rect(left, top, right, bottom)
-    # CENTER  -> rect(center_x, center_y, width, height)
-    # RADIUS  -> rect(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
-    #
-    # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def rectMode (mode)
-      @rectMode__ = mode
-    end
+      # Sets ellipse mode. Default is CENTER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> ellipse(left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> ellipse(left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      # RADIUS  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def ellipseMode (mode)
+        @ellipseMode__ = mode
+      end
 
-    # Sets ellipse mode. Default is CENTER.
-    #
-    # CORNER  -> ellipse(left, top, width, height)
-    # CORNERS -> ellipse(left, top, right, bottom)
-    # CENTER  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, width, height)
-    # RADIUS  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
-    #
-    # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def ellipseMode (mode)
-      @ellipseMode__ = mode
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def toXYWH__ (mode, a, b, c, d)
-      case mode
-      when CORNER  then [a,           b,           c,     d]
-      when CORNERS then [a,           b,           c - a, d - b]
-      when CENTER  then [a - c / 2.0, b - d / 2.0, c,     d]
-      when RADIUS  then [a - c,       b - d,       c * 2, d * 2]
-      else raise ArgumentError # ToDo: refine error message
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Clears screen.
-    #
-    # @overload background(str)
-    # @overload background(str, alpha)
-    # @overload background(gray)
-    # @overload background(gray, alpha)
-    # @overload background(r, g, b)
-    # @overload background(r, g, b, alpha)
-    #
-    # @param str   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
-    # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
-    # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
-    # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
-    # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
-    # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def background (*args)
-      rgba = toRGBA__ *args
-      if rgba[3] == 1
-        @painter__.background *rgba
-      else
-        @painter__.push fill: rgba, stroke: nil do |_|
-          @painter__.rect 0, 0, width, height
+      # Sets image mode. Default is CORNER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> image(img, left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> image(img, left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> image(img, center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def imageMode (mode)
+        @imageMode__ = mode
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def toXYWH__ (mode, a, b, c, d)
+        case mode
+        when CORNER  then [a,           b,           c,     d]
+        when CORNERS then [a,           b,           c - a, d - b]
+        when CENTER  then [a - c / 2.0, b - d / 2.0, c,     d]
+        when RADIUS  then [a - c,       b - d,       c * 2, d * 2]
+        else raise ArgumentError # ToDo: refine error message
         end
       end
-      nil
-    end
 
-    # Sets fill color.
-    #
-    # @overload fill(rgb)
-    # @overload fill(rgb, alpha)
-    # @overload fill(gray)
-    # @overload fill(gray, alpha)
-    # @overload fill(r, g, b)
-    # @overload fill(r, g, b, alpha)
-    #
-    # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
-    # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
-    # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
-    # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
-    # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
-    # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def fill (*args)
-      @painter__.fill(*toRGBA__(*args))
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets fill color.
+      #
+      # @overload fill(rgb)
+      # @overload fill(rgb, alpha)
+      # @overload fill(gray)
+      # @overload fill(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload fill(r, g, b)
+      # @overload fill(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def fill (*args)
+        @painter__.fill(*toRGBA__(*args))
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Sets stroke color.
-    #
-    # @overload stroke(rgb)
-    # @overload stroke(rgb, alpha)
-    # @overload stroke(gray)
-    # @overload stroke(gray, alpha)
-    # @overload stroke(r, g, b)
-    # @overload stroke(r, g, b, alpha)
-    #
-    # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
-    # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
-    # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
-    # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
-    # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
-    # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def stroke (*args)
-      @painter__.stroke(*toRGBA__(*args))
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets stroke color.
+      #
+      # @overload stroke(rgb)
+      # @overload stroke(rgb, alpha)
+      # @overload stroke(gray)
+      # @overload stroke(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload stroke(r, g, b)
+      # @overload stroke(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def stroke (*args)
+        @painter__.stroke(*toRGBA__(*args))
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Sets stroke weight.
-    #
-    # @param weight [Numeric] width of stroke
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def strokeWeight (weight)
-      @painter__.stroke_width weight
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets stroke weight.
+      #
+      # @param weight [Numeric] width of stroke
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeWeight (weight)
+        @painter__.stroke_width weight
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Disables filling.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def noFill ()
-      @painter__.fill nil
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets stroke cap mode.
+      #
+      # @param cap [BUTT, ROUND, SQUARE]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeCap (cap)
+        @painter__.stroke_cap cap
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Disables drawing stroke.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def noStroke ()
-      @painter__.stroke nil
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets stroke join mode.
+      #
+      # @param join [MITER, ROUND, SQUARE]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeJoin (join)
+        @painter__.stroke_join join
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Sets font.
-    #
-    # @param name [String]  font name
-    # @param size [Numeric] font size
-    #
-    # @return [Font] current font
-    #
-    def textFont (name = nil, size = nil)
-      @painter__.font name, size if name || size
-      Font.new @painter__.font
-    end
+      # Disables filling.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noFill ()
+        @painter__.fill nil
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Sets text size.
-    #
-    # @param size [Numeric] font size
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def textSize (size)
-      @painter__.font @painter__.font.name, size
-      nil
-    end
+      # Disables drawing stroke.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noStroke ()
+        @painter__.stroke nil
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Draws a point.
-    #
-    # @param x [Numeric] horizontal position
-    # @param y [Numeric] vertical position
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def point (x, y)
-      w = @painter__.stroke_width
-      w = 1 if w == 0
-      @painter__.ellipse x - (w / 2.0), y - (w / 2.0), w, w
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Draws a line.
-    #
-    # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position for first point
-    # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position for first point
-    # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position for second point
-    # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position for second point
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def line (x1, y1, x2, y2)
-      @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2
-      nil
-    end
+      # Sets font.
+      #
+      # @param name [String]  font name
+      # @param size [Numeric] font size
+      #
+      # @return [Font] current font
+      #
+      def textFont (name = nil, size = nil)
+        @painter__.font name, size if name || size
+        Font.new @painter__.font
+      end
 
-    # Draws a rectangle.
-    #
-    # @overload rect(a, b, c, d)
-    # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, r)
-    # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, tl, tr, br, bl)
-    #
-    # @param a  [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape by default
-    # @param b  [Numeric] vertical position of the shape by default
-    # @param c  [Numeric] width of the shape by default
-    # @param d  [Numeric] height of the shape by default
-    # @param r  [Numeric] radius for all corners
-    # @param tl [Numeric] radius for top-left corner
-    # @param tr [Numeric] radius for top-right corner
-    # @param br [Numeric] radius for bottom-right corner
-    # @param bl [Numeric] radius for bottom-left corner
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def rect (a, b, c, d, *args)
-      x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @rectMode__, a, b, c, d
-      case args.size
+      # Sets text size.
+      #
+      # @param size [Numeric] font size
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def textSize (size)
+        @painter__.font @painter__.font.name, size
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Clears screen.
+      #
+      # @overload background(str)
+      # @overload background(str, alpha)
+      # @overload background(gray)
+      # @overload background(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload background(r, g, b)
+      # @overload background(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param str   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def background (*args)
+        assertDrawing__
+        rgba = toRGBA__ *args
+        if rgba[3] == 1
+          @painter__.background *rgba
+        else
+          @painter__.push fill: rgba, stroke: nil do |_|
+            @painter__.rect 0, 0, width, height
+          end
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a point.
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal position
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical position
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def point (x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        w = @painter__.stroke_width
+        w = 1 if w == 0
+        @painter__.ellipse x - (w / 2.0), y - (w / 2.0), w, w
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a line.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def line (x1, y1, x2, y2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a rectangle.
+      #
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d)
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, r)
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, tl, tr, br, bl)
+      #
+      # @param a  [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape by default
+      # @param b  [Numeric] vertical position of the shape by default
+      # @param c  [Numeric] width of the shape by default
+      # @param d  [Numeric] height of the shape by default
+      # @param r  [Numeric] radius for all corners
+      # @param tl [Numeric] radius for top-left corner
+      # @param tr [Numeric] radius for top-right corner
+      # @param br [Numeric] radius for bottom-right corner
+      # @param bl [Numeric] radius for bottom-left corner
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rect (a, b, c, d, *args)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @rectMode__, a, b, c, d
+        case args.size
         when 0 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h
         when 1 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h, round: args[0]
         when 4 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h, lt: args[0], rt: args[1], rb: args[2], lb: args[3]
         else raise ArgumentError # ToDo: refine error message
+        end
+        nil
       end
-      nil
-    end
 
-    # Draws an ellipse.
-    #
-    # @param a [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
-    # @param b [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
-    # @param c [Numeric] width of the shape
-    # @param d [Numeric] height of the shape
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def ellipse (a, b, c, d)
-      x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
-      @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws an ellipse.
+      #
+      # @param a [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param b [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param c [Numeric] width of the shape
+      # @param d [Numeric] height of the shape
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def ellipse (a, b, c, d)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
+        @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Draws a circle.
-    #
-    # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
-    # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
-    # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def circle (x, y, extent)
-      ellipse x, y, extent, extent
-    end
+      # Draws a circle.
+      #
+      # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def circle (x, y, extent)
+        ellipse x, y, extent, extent
+      end
 
-    # Draws an arc.
-    #
-    # @param a     [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
-    # @param b     [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
-    # @param c     [Numeric] width of the shape
-    # @param d     [Numeric] height of the shape
-    # @param start [Numeric] angle to start the arc
-    # @param stop  [Numeric] angle to stop the arc
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def arc (a, b, c, d, start, stop)
-      x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
-      start      = toAngle__ start
-      stop       = toAngle__ stop
-      @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h, from: start, to: stop
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Draws a square.
-    #
-    # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
-    # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
-    # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def square (x, y, extent)
-      rect x, y, extent, extent
-    end
+      # Draws an arc.
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param b     [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param c     [Numeric] width of the shape
+      # @param d     [Numeric] height of the shape
+      # @param start [Numeric] angle to start the arc
+      # @param stop  [Numeric] angle to stop the arc
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def arc (a, b, c, d, start, stop)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
+        start      = toAngle__ start
+        stop       = toAngle__ stop
+        @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h, from: start, to: stop
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Draws a triangle.
-    #
-    # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
-    # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
-    # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
-    # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
-    # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
-    # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def triangle (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
-      @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, loop: true
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a square.
+      #
+      # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def square (x, y, extent)
+        rect x, y, extent, extent
+      end
 
-    # Draws a quad.
-    #
-    # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
-    # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
-    # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
-    # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
-    # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
-    # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
-    # @param x4 [Numeric] horizontal position of fourth point
-    # @param y4 [Numeric] vertical position of fourth point
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def quad (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4)
-      @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, loop: true
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a triangle.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
+      # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def triangle (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, loop: true
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Draws a text.
-    #
-    # @overload text(str)
-    # @overload text(str, x, y)
-    #
-    # @param str [String]  text to draw
-    # @param x   [Numeric] horizontal position of the text
-    # @param y   [Numeric] vertical position of the text
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def text (str, x, y)
-      @painter__.text str, x, y
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a quad.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
+      # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
+      # @param x4 [Numeric] horizontal position of fourth point
+      # @param y4 [Numeric] vertical position of fourth point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def quad (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, loop: true
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Draws an image.
-    #
-    # @overload image(img, x, y)
-    # @overload image(img, x, y, w, h)
-    #
-    # @param img [Image] image to draw
-    # @param x   [Numeric] horizontal position of the image
-    # @param y   [Numeric] vertical position of the image
-    # @param w   [Numeric] width of the image
-    # @param h   [Numeric] height of the image
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def image (img, x, y, w = nil, h = nil)
-      w ||= img.width
-      h ||= img.height
-      @painter__.image img.internal, x, y, w, h
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Applies translation matrix to current transformation matrix.
-    #
-    # @param x [Numeric] horizontal transformation
-    # @param y [Numeric] vertical transformation
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def translate (x, y)
-      @painter__.translate x, y
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a Catmull-Rom spline curve.
+      #
+      # @param cx1 [Numeric] horizontal position of beginning control point
+      # @param cy1 [Numeric] vertical position of beginning control point
+      # @param x1  [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1  [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2  [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2  [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param cx2 [Numeric] horizontal position of ending control point
+      # @param cy2 [Numeric] vertical position of ending control point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def curve (cx1, cy1, x1, y1, x2, y2, cx2, cy2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.curve cx1, cy1, x1, y1, x2, y2, cx2, cy2
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Applies scale matrix to current transformation matrix.
-    #
-    # @overload scale(s)
-    # @overload scale(x, y)
-    #
-    # @param s [Numeric] horizontal and vertical scale
-    # @param x [Numeric] horizontal scale
-    # @param y [Numeric] vertical scale
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def scale (x, y)
-      @painter__.scale x, y
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a Bezier spline curve.
+      #
+      # @param x1  [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1  [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param cx1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first control point
+      # @param cy1 [Numeric] vertical position of first control point
+      # @param cx2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second control point
+      # @param cy2 [Numeric] vertical position of second control point
+      # @param x2  [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2  [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def bezier (x1, y1, cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2, x2, y2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.bezier x1, y1, cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2, x2, y2
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Applies rotation matrix to current transformation matrix.
-    #
-    # @param angle [Numeric] angle for rotation
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def rotate (angle)
-      @painter__.rotate toAngle__ angle
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws a text.
+      #
+      # @overload text(str)
+      # @overload text(str, x, y)
+      #
+      # @param str [String]  text to draw
+      # @param x   [Numeric] horizontal position of the text
+      # @param y   [Numeric] vertical position of the text
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def text (str, x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.text str, x, y
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Pushes the current transformation matrix to stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def pushMatrix ()
-      @matrixStack__.push @painter__.matrix
-      nil
-    end
+      # Draws an image.
+      #
+      # @overload image(img, a, b)
+      # @overload image(img, a, b, c, d)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image] image to draw
+      # @param a   [Numeric] horizontal position of the image
+      # @param b   [Numeric] vertical position of the image
+      # @param c   [Numeric] width of the image
+      # @param d   [Numeric] height of the image
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def image (img, a, b, c = nil, d = nil)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @imageMode__, a, b, c || img.width, d || img.height
+        @painter__.image img.getInternal__, x, y, w, h
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Pops the current transformation matrix from stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def popMatrix ()
-      raise "matrix stack underflow" if @matrixStack__.empty?
-      @painter__.matrix = @matrixStack__.pop
-      nil
-    end
+      # Copies image.
+      #
+      # @overload copy(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      # @overload copy(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image]   image for copy source
+      # @param sx  [Numrtic] x position of source region
+      # @param sy  [Numrtic] y position of source region
+      # @param sw  [Numrtic] width of source region
+      # @param sh  [Numrtic] height of source region
+      # @param dx  [Numrtic] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy  [Numrtic] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw  [Numrtic] width of destination region
+      # @param dh  [Numrtic] height of destination region
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def copy (img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+        assertDrawing__
+        src = img&.getInternal__ || @window__.canvas
+        @painter__.image src, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh
+      end
 
-    # Reset current transformation matrix with identity matrix.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def resetMatrix ()
-      @painter__.matrix = 1
-      nil
-    end
+      # Applies translation matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal transformation
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical transformation
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def translate (x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.translate x, y
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Save current style values to the style stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def pushStyle ()
-      @styleStack__.push [
+      # Applies scale matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @overload scale(s)
+      # @overload scale(x, y)
+      #
+      # @param s [Numeric] horizontal and vertical scale
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal scale
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical scale
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def scale (x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.scale x, y
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Applies rotation matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle for rotation
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rotate (angle)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.rotate toAngle__ angle
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Pushes the current transformation matrix to stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pushMatrix (&block)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @matrixStack__.push @painter__.matrix
+        if block
+          block.call
+          popMatrix
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Pops the current transformation matrix from stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def popMatrix ()
+        assertDrawing__
+        raise "matrix stack underflow" if @matrixStack__.empty?
+        @painter__.matrix = @matrixStack__.pop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Reset current transformation matrix with identity matrix.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def resetMatrix ()
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.matrix = 1
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Save current style values to the style stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pushStyle (&block)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @styleStack__.push [
+          @painter__.fill,
+          @painter__.stroke,
+          @painter__.stroke_width,
+          @painter__.stroke_cap,
+          @painter__.stroke_join,
+          @painter__.font,
+          @hsbColor__,
+          @colorMaxes__,
+          @angleScale__,
+          @rectMode__,
+          @ellipseMode__,
+          @imageMode__
+        ]
+        if block
+          block.call
+          popStyle
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Restore style values from the style stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def popStyle ()
+        assertDrawing__
+        raise "style stack underflow" if @styleStack__.empty?
         @painter__.fill,
         @painter__.stroke,
         @painter__.stroke_width,
+        @painter__.stroke_cap,
+        @painter__.stroke_join,
         @painter__.font,
         @hsbColor__,
         @colorMaxes__,
         @angleScale__,
         @rectMode__,
-        @ellipseMode__
-      ]
-      nil
-    end
+        @ellipseMode__,
+        @imageMode__ = @styleStack__.pop
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Restore style values from the style stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def popStyle ()
-      raise "style stack underflow" if @styleStack__.empty?
-      @painter__.fill,
-      @painter__.stroke,
-      @painter__.stroke_width,
-      @painter__.font,
-      @hsbColor__,
-      @colorMaxes__,
-      @angleScale__,
-      @rectMode__,
-      @ellipseMode__ = @styleStack__.pop
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Save current styles and transformations to stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def push ()
-      pushMatrix
-      pushStyle
-    end
+      # Save current styles and transformations to stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def push (&block)
+        pushMatrix
+        pushStyle
+        if block
+          block.call
+          pop
+        end
+      end
 
-    # Restore styles and transformations from stack.
-    #
-    # @return [nil] nil
-    #
-    def pop ()
-      popMatrix
-      popStyle
-    end
+      # Restore styles and transformations from stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pop ()
+        popMatrix
+        popStyle
+      end
 
-    # Returns the perlin noise value.
-    #
-    # @overload noise(x)
-    # @overload noise(x, y)
-    #
-    # @param x [Numeric] horizontal point in noise space
-    # @param y [Numeric] vertical point in noise space
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] noise value (0.0..1.0)
-    #
-    def noise (x, y = 0)
-      Rays.perlin(x, y) / 2.0 + 1.0
-    end
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__ ()
+        @image__
+      end
 
-    # Loads image.
-    #
-    # @param filename  [String] file name to load image
-    # @param extension [String] type of image to load (ex. 'png')
+      # @private
+      def assertDrawing__ ()
+        raise "call beginDraw() before drawing" unless @drawing
+      end
+
+    end# GraphicsContext
+
+
+    # Draws graphics into an offscreen buffer
     #
-    def loadImage (filename, extension = nil)
-      filename = getImage__ filename, extension if filename =~ %r|^https?://|
-      Image.new Rays::Image.load filename
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    private def getImage__ (uri, ext)
-      ext ||= File.extname uri
-      raise "unsupported image type" unless ext =~ /^\.?(png)$/i
-
-      tmpdir = Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(self.class.name)
-      path   = tmpdir + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(uri)
-      path   = path.sub_ext ext
-
-      unless path.file?
-        p "getting #{uri}"
-        URI.open uri do |input|
-          tmpdir.mkdir unless tmpdir.directory?
-          path.open('w') do |output|
-            while buf = input.read(2 ** 16)
-              output.write buf
+    class Graphics
+
+      include GraphicsContext
+
+      def initialize (width, height)
+        setup__
+        @image__   = Rays::Image.new width, height
+        @painter__ = @image__.painter
+      end
+
+      def beginDraw ()
+        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
+        super
+        push
+      end
+
+      def endDraw ()
+        pop
+        super
+        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
+      end
+
+    end# Graphics
+
+
+    module Utility
+
+      # @private
+      DEG2RAD__ = Math::PI / 180.0
+
+      # @private
+      RAD2DEG__ = 180.0 / Math::PI
+
+      # Converts degree to radian.
+      #
+      # @param degree [Numeric] degree to convert
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] radian
+      #
+      def radians (degree)
+        degree * DEG2RAD__
+      end
+
+      # Converts radian to degree.
+      #
+      # @param radian [Numeric] radian to convert
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] degree
+      #
+      def degrees (radian)
+        radian * RAD2DEG__
+      end
+
+      # Returns the absolute number of the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] absolute number
+      #
+      def abs (value)
+        value.abs
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number greater than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded up number
+      #
+      def ceil (value)
+        value.ceil
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number less than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded down number
+      #
+      def floor (value)
+        value.floor
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded number
+      #
+      def round (value)
+        value.round
+      end
+
+      # Returns value raised to the power of exponent.
+      #
+      # @param value    [Numeric] base number
+      # @param exponent [Numeric] exponent number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] value ** exponent
+      #
+      def pow (value, exponent)
+        value ** exponent
+      end
+
+      # Returns squared value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] squared value
+      #
+      def sq (value)
+        value * value
+      end
+
+      # Returns the magnitude (or length) of a vector.
+      #
+      # @overload mag(x, y)
+      # @overload mag(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of point
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of point
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of point
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] magnitude
+      #
+      def mag (*args)
+        x, y, z = *args
+        case args.size
+        when 2 then Math.sqrt x * x + y * y
+        when 3 then Math.sqrt x * x + y * y + z * z
+        else raise ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns distance between 2 points.
+      #
+      # @overload dist(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+      # @overload dist(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] x of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] y of first point
+      # @param z1 [Numeric] z of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] x of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] y of second point
+      # @param z2 [Numeric] z of second point
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] distance between 2 points
+      #
+      def dist (*args)
+        case args.size
+        when 4
+          x1, y1, x2, y2 = *args
+          xx, yy = x2 - x1, y2 - y1
+          Math.sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy
+        when 3
+          x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2 = *args
+          xx, yy, zz = x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1
+          Math.sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy + zz * zz
+        else raise ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Normalize the value from range start..stop into 0..1.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number to be normalized
+      # @param start [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param stop  [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] normalized value between 0..1
+      #
+      def norm (value, start, stop)
+        (value.to_f - start.to_f) / (stop.to_f - start.to_f)
+      end
+
+      # Returns the interpolated number between range start..stop.
+      #
+      # @param start  [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param stop   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      # @param amount [Numeric] amount to interpolate
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] interporated number
+      #
+      def lerp (start, stop, amount)
+        start + (stop - start) * amount
+      end
+
+      # Maps a number from range start1..stop1 to range start2..stop2.
+      #
+      # @param value  [Numeric] number to be mapped
+      # @param start1 [Numeric] lower bound of the range1
+      # @param stop1  [Numeric] upper bound of the range1
+      # @param start2 [Numeric] lower bound of the range2
+      # @param stop2  [Numeric] upper bound of the range2
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] mapped number
+      #
+      def map (value, start1, stop1, start2, stop2)
+        lerp start2, stop2, norm(value, start1, stop1)
+      end
+
+      # Returns minimum value.
+      #
+      # @overload min(a, b)
+      # @overload min(a, b, c)
+      # @overload min(array)
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] minimum value
+      #
+      def min (*args)
+        args.flatten.min
+      end
+
+      # Returns maximum value.
+      #
+      # @overload max(a, b)
+      # @overload max(a, b, c)
+      # @overload max(array)
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] maximum value
+      #
+      def max (*args)
+        args.flatten.max
+      end
+
+      # Constrains the number between min..max.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number to be constrained
+      # @param min   [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param max   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] constrained number
+      #
+      def constrain (value, min, max)
+        value < min ? min : (value > max ? max : value)
+      end
+
+      # Returns the perlin noise value.
+      #
+      # @overload noise(x)
+      # @overload noise(x, y)
+      # @overload noise(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal point in noise space
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical point in noise space
+      # @param z [Numeric] depth point in noise space
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] noise value (0.0..1.0)
+      #
+      def noise (x, y = 0, z = 0)
+        Rays.perlin(x, y, z) / 2.0 + 0.5
+      end
+
+      # Loads image.
+      #
+      # @param filename  [String] file name to load image
+      # @param extension [String] type of image to load (ex. 'png')
+      #
+      # @return [Image] loaded image object
+      #
+      def loadImage (filename, extension = nil)
+        filename = getImage__ filename, extension if filename =~ %r|^https?://|
+        Image.new Rays::Image.load filename
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def getImage__ (uri, ext)
+        ext ||= File.extname uri
+        raise "unsupported image type -- #{ext}" unless ext =~ /^\.?(png)$/i
+
+        tmpdir = Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(self.class.name)
+        path   = tmpdir + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(uri)
+        path   = path.sub_ext ext
+
+        unless path.file?
+          URI.open uri do |input|
+            tmpdir.mkdir unless tmpdir.directory?
+            path.open('w') do |output|
+              while buf = input.read(2 ** 16)
+                output.write buf
+              end
             end
           end
         end
+        path.to_s
       end
-      path.to_s
-    end
 
-  end# Processing
+      def createGraphics (width, height)
+        Graphics.new width, height
+      end
 
+    end# Utility
 
-  # Image object.
-  #
-  class Processing::Image
 
-    # Initialize image.
+    # Processing context
     #
-    def initialize (image)
-      @image = image
-    end
+    module Context
 
-    # Gets width of image.
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] width of image
-    #
-    def width ()
-      @image.width
-    end
+      include GraphicsContext, Utility, Math
 
-    # Gets height of image.
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] height of image
-    #
-    def height ()
-      @image.height
-    end
+      # @private
+      def setup__ (window)
+        super()
+        @loop__         = true
+        @redraw__       = false
+        @frameCount__   = 0
+        @mouseX__       =
+        @mouseY__       =
+        @mousePrevX__   =
+        @mousePrevY__   = 0
+        @mousePressed__ = false
 
-    # Saves image to file.
-    #
-    # @param filename [String] file name to save image
-    #
-    def save (filename)
-      @image.save filename
-    end
+        @window__  = window
+        @image__   = @window__.canvas
+        @painter__ = @window__.canvas_painter
 
-    # @private
-    def internal ()
-      @image
-    end
+        @painter__.miter_limit = 10
 
-  end# Processing::Image
+        drawFrame = -> event {
+          @image__   = @window__.canvas
+          @painter__ = @window__.canvas_painter
+          begin
+            push
+            @drawBlock__.call event if @drawBlock__
+          ensure
+            pop
+            @frameCount__ += 1
+          end
+        }
+
+        updateMouseState = -> x, y, pressed = nil {
+          @mouseX__       = x
+          @mouseY__       = y
+          @mousePressed__ = pressed if pressed != nil
+        }
+
+        updateMousePrevPos = -> {
+          @mousePrevX__ = @mouseX__
+          @mousePrevY__ = @mouseY__
+        }
+
+        @window__.before_draw = proc {beginDraw}
+        @window__.after_draw  = proc {endDraw}
+
+        @window__.draw = proc do |e|
+          if @loop__ || @redraw__
+            @redraw__ = false
+            drawFrame.call e
+          end
+          updateMousePrevPos.call
+        end
 
+        @window__.pointer_down = proc do |e|
+          updateMouseState.call e.x, e.y, true
+          @mousePressedBlock__.call e if @mousePressedBlock__
+        end
 
-  # Font object.
-  #
-  class Processing::Font
+        @window__.pointer_up = proc do |e|
+          updateMouseState.call e.x, e.y, false
+          @mouseReleasedBlock__.call e if @mouseReleasedBlock__
+        end
 
-    # Initialize font.
-    #
-    # @private
-    #
-    def initialize (font)
-      @font = font
-    end
+        @window__.pointer_move = proc do |e|
+          updateMouseState.call e.x, e.y
+          @mouseMovedBlock__.call e if @mouseMovedBlock__
+        end
 
-    # Returns bounding box.
-    #
-    # @overload textBounds(str)
-    # @overload textBounds(str, x, y)
-    # @overload textBounds(str, x, y, fontSize)
-    #
-    # @param str      [String]  text to calculate bounding box
-    # @param x        [Numeric] horizontal position of bounding box
-    # @param y        [Numeric] vertical position of bounding box
-    # @param fontSize [Numeric] font size
-    #
-    # @return [TextBounds] bounding box for text
-    #
-    def textBounds (str, x = 0, y = 0, fontSize = nil)
-      f = fontSize ? Rays::Font.new(@font.name, fontSize) : @font
-      TextBounds.new x, y, x + f.width(str), y + f.height
-    end
+        @window__.pointer_drag = proc do |e|
+          updateMouseState.call e.x, e.y
+          @mouseDraggedBlock__.call e if @mouseDraggedBlock__
+        end
+      end
 
-  end# Processing::Font
+      # Define setup block.
+      #
+      def setup (&block)
+        @window__.setup = block
+        nil
+      end
 
+      # Define draw block.
+      #
+      def draw (&block)
+        @drawBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
 
-  # Bounding box for text.
-  #
-  class Processing::TextBounds
+      def key (&block)
+        @window__.key = block
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Horizontal position
-    #
-    attr_reader :x
+      def mousePressed (&block)
+        @mousePressedBlock__ = block if block
+        @mousePressed__
+      end
 
-    # Vertical position
-    #
-    attr_reader :y
+      def mouseReleased (&block)
+        @mouseReleasedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Width of bounding box
-    #
-    attr_reader :w
+      def mouseMoved (&block)
+        @mouseMovedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Height of bounding box
-    #
-    attr_reader :h
+      def mouseDragged (&block)
+        @mouseDraggedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
 
-    # Initialize bouding box.
-    #
-    # @param x [Numeric] horizontal position
-    # @param y [Numeric] vertical position
-    # @param w [Numeric] width of bounding box
-    # @param h [Numeric] height of bounding box
-    #
-    def initialize (x, y, w, h)
-      @x, @y, @w, @h = x, y, w, h
-    end
+      # @private
+      private def size__ (width, height)
+        raise 'size() must be called on startup or setup block' if @started__
+
+        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
+        @window__.__send__ :reset_canvas, width, height
+        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
+
+        @auto_resize__ = false
+      end
+
+      def windowWidth ()
+        @window__.width
+      end
+
+      def windowHeight ()
+        @window__.height
+      end
+
+      # Returns number of frames since program started.
+      #
+      # @return [Integer] total number of frames
+      #
+      def frameCount ()
+        @frameCount__
+      end
+
+      # Returns number of frames per second.
+      #
+      # @return [Float] frames per second
+      #
+      def frameRate ()
+        @window__.event.fps
+      end
+
+      # Returns pixel density
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] pixel density
+      #
+      def displayDensity ()
+        @painter__.pixel_density
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse x position
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      #
+      def mouseX ()
+        @mouseX__
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse y position
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      #
+      def mouseY ()
+        @mouseY__
+      end
 
-  end# Processing::TextBounds
+      # Returns mouse x position in previous frame
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseX ()
+        @mousePrevX__
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse y position in previous frame
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseY ()
+        @mousePrevY__
+      end
+
+      # Enables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def loop ()
+        @loop__ = true
+      end
+
+      # Disables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noLoop ()
+        @loop__ = false
+      end
+
+      # Calls draw block to redraw frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def redraw ()
+        @redraw__ = true
+      end
+
+    end# Context
+
+
+  end# Processing
 
 
 end# RubySketch